UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
ý
Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 25, 2005
or
o
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 0-21660
PAPA JOHNS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
Identification No.)
2002 Papa Johns Boulevard
Louisville, Kentucky 40299-2334
(Address of principal executive offices)
(502) 261-7272
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
(Title of Each Class)
(Name of each exchange on which registered)
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.01 par value The NASDAQ Stock Market
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yeso No ý
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer ý
Non-accelerated filer o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12-b-2 of the Exchange Act).
YesoNo ý
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, computed by reference to the closing price as of the last business day of the Registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 26, 2005, was approximately $441,541,124.
As of February 21, 2006 there were 33,182,720 shares of the Registrants Common Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of Part III are incorporated by reference to the Registrants Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 19, 2006.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Item 1.
Business
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 2.
Properties
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
Item 4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
PART II
Item 5.
Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
Item 7.
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Item 9B.
Other Information
PART III
Item 10.
Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
PART IV
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
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Item 1. Business
General
Papa Johns International, Inc. (referred to as the Company, Papa Johns or in the first person notations of we, us and our) operates and franchises pizza delivery and carryout restaurants under the trademark Papa Johns. At December 25, 2005, the Company and its franchisees operated domestically in 49 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico and in 22 countries, and under the trademark Perfect Pizza in the United Kingdom. The first Company-owned Papa Johns restaurant opened in 1985 and the first franchised restaurant opened in 1986. We acquired Perfect Pizza Holdings Limited (referred to as Perfect Pizza and Papa Johns UK) in 1999 as part of our plan to develop restaurants internationally (see Development). At December 25, 2005, there were 2,926 Papa Johns restaurants in operation, consisting of 504 Company-owned and 2,422 franchised restaurants. Additionally, there were 112 franchised Perfect Pizza restaurants in operation.
As more fully described in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the Company recently developed a plan to sell its Perfect Pizza operations, consisting of the franchised units and related distribution operations. The Company believes the sale of the Perfect Pizza operations will be completed within the next 12 months.
All of our periodic report filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available, free of charge, through our web site located at www.papajohns.com, including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports. These reports are available through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports or amendments with the SEC. Printed copies of such documents are also available free of charge upon written request to Investor Relations, Papa Johns International, Inc., P.O. Box 99900, Louisville, KY 40269-0900.
Strategy
Our goal is to build the strongest brand loyalty of all pizzerias internationally. The key elements of our strategy include:
Menu. Domestic Papa Johns restaurants offer a menu of high-quality pizza along with side items, including breadsticks, cheesesticks, chicken strips and wings, dessert pizza and canned or bottled soft drinks. Papa Johns traditional crust pizza is prepared using fresh dough (never frozen). Papa Johns pizzas are made from a proprietary blend of wheat flour, cheese made from 100% real mozzarella, fresh-packed pizza sauce made from vine-ripened tomatoes (not from concentrate) and a proprietary mix of savory spices, and a choice of high-quality meat (100% beef, pork and chicken with no fillers) and vegetable toppings. Domestically, all ingredients and toppings can be purchased from our Quality Control Center (QC Centers) system, which delivers to individual restaurants twice weekly. Each traditional crust pizza offers a container of our special garlic sauce and a pepperoncini pepper, and each thin crust pizza is served with a packet of special seasonings. In international markets, the menu mix (toppings and side items) is adapted to local tastes.
We have offered a thin crust pizza since 1999. During 2005, we introduced Papas Perfect Pan, which features a square, thick buttery-tasting crust made with olive oil, and a new zesty robusto pizza sauce
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with chunks of tomato and flavored with garlic, Italian herbs and spices. Both the thin and pan crusts are par-baked products produced by third-party vendors.
Efficient Operating System.We believe our operating and distribution systems, restaurant layout and designated delivery areas result in lower restaurant operating costs and improved food quality, and promote superior customer service. Our domestic QC Center system takes advantage of volume purchasing of food and supplies, and provides consistency and efficiencies of scale in fresh dough production. This eliminates the need for each restaurant to order food from multiple vendors and commit substantial labor and other resources to dough preparation.
Commitment to Team Member Training and Development. We are committed to the development and motivation of our team members through training programs, incentive compensation and opportunities for advancement. Team member training programs are conducted for corporate team members, and offered to our franchisees at training locations across the United States. We offer performance-based financial incentives to restaurant team members at various levels. Our management compensation program is designed to attract and retain highly motivated people.
Marketing. Our restaurant-level marketing programs target the delivery area of each restaurant, making extensive use of targeted print materials in direct mail and store-to-door couponing. Local marketing efforts also include a variety of community-oriented activities with schools, sports teams and other organizations. Local marketing efforts are supplemented with radio and television advertising, produced locally and on a national basis. Seven national television campaigns aired in 2005. We also advertise nationally via the internet.
Franchise System. We are committed to maintaining and developing a strong franchise system by attracting experienced operators, partnering with them to expand and grow their business and monitoring their compliance with our high standards. We seek to attract franchisees with experience in restaurant or retail operations and with the financial resources and management capability to open single or multiple locations. To ensure consistent food quality, each domestic franchisee is required to purchase dough and seasoned sauce from our QC Centers and purchase all other supplies from our QC Centers or approved suppliers. QC Centers outside the U.S. or in remote areas may be operated by franchisees pursuant to license agreements or by other third parties. We devote significant resources to provide Papa Johns franchisees with assistance in restaurant operations, management training, team member training, marketing, site selection and restaurant design. We also provide significant assistance to licensed international QC Centers in sourcing high-quality suppliers located in-country or regional suppliers to the extent possible.
Unit Economics
In 2005, the 472 domestic Company-owned restaurants included in the most recent quarters comparable restaurant base generated average annual sales, based on a 52-week year, of $818,000, average cash flow (restaurant operating income plus depreciation) of $172,000 and average restaurant operating income of $148,000. This average operating income represents 18.0% of average sales and 54.7% of the $270,000 average cash investment for these Company-owned restaurants.
The average cash investment for the seven domestic Company-owned restaurants opened during the 2005 fiscal year, exclusive of land, was approximately $241,000. We expect the average cash investment for the 20 Company-owned restaurants expected to open in 2006 to be approximately $250,000. Substantially all domestic restaurants do not offer dine-in areas, which reduces our restaurant capital investment.
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Development
A total of 198 Papa Johns restaurants were opened during 2005, consisting of eight Company-owned and 190 franchised restaurants (101 domestic and 89 international), while 102 Papa Johns restaurants closed during 2005, consisting of one Company-owned and 101 franchised (73 domestic and 28 international). During 2005, six franchised Perfect Pizza restaurants were opened, 11 franchised restaurants were closed and one restaurant was converted to a Papa Johns restaurant.
During 2006, we plan to open approximately 20 Company-owned restaurants domestically and expect franchisees to open approximately 190 to 220 restaurants (90 to 105 domestically and 100 to 115 internationally). We also expect approximately 70 to 100 Papa Johns restaurants to close during 2006, the majority of which are expected to be domestic franchise units. Domestic and international franchise unit expansion is expected to spread throughout markets across North and South America, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Our expansion in Asia will include a significant focus in China, Korea and India.
Our Company-owned expansion strategy is to continue to open domestic restaurants in existing markets, thereby increasing consumer awareness and enabling us to take advantage of operational and advertising efficiencies. Our experience in developing markets indicates that market penetration through the opening of multiple restaurants within a particular market results in increased average restaurant sales in that market over time. We have co-developed markets with some franchisees or divided markets among franchisees, and will continue to utilize market co-development in the future. We continually evaluate the number and market areas of our Company-owned restaurants, and may purchase or sell restaurants from time to time. We also have two domestic joint ventures and may consider entering into more of these arrangements in the future.
We recently began implementing a buy and build strategy in one large metropolitan market. Under this strategy, the Company will purchase franchise restaurants in an under-penetrated or emerging domestic market with the intention of building additional Company-owned restaurants to increase market awareness. We plan to explore implementing this strategy in other markets, including the possible use of joint venture partners.
Restaurant Design and Site Selection
Backlit awnings, neon window designs and other visible signage characterize the exterior of most Papa Johns restaurants. A typical domestic Papa Johns restaurant averages 1,100 to 1,500 square feet. Papa Johns restaurants are designed to facilitate a smooth flow of food orders through the restaurant. The layout includes specific areas for order taking, pizza preparation and routing, resulting in simplified operations, lower training and labor costs, increased efficiency and improved consistency and quality of food products. The typical interior of a Papa Johns restaurant has a vibrant color scheme, and includes a bright menu board, custom counters and a carryout customer area. The counters are designed to allow customers to watch the team members slap out the dough and put sauce and toppings on pizzas. Most of our international Papa Johns restaurants are between 900 and 1400 square feet, however, several have been opened in larger spaces to include dine-in service and average 35 to 100 seats. We will utilize dine-in service as part of our international growth strategy based on a country-by-country evaluation of consumer preferences and trends.
We consider the location of a restaurant to be important and therefore devote significant resources to the investigation and evaluation of potential sites. The site selection process includes a review of trade area demographics, target population density, household income levels and competitive factors. A member of
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our development team inspects each potential domestic Company-owned restaurant location and substantially all franchised restaurant locations and the surrounding market before a site is approved. Our restaurants are typically located in strip shopping centers or freestanding buildings that provide visibility, curb appeal and accessibility. Our restaurant design can be configured to fit a wide variety of building shapes and sizes, which increases the number of suitable locations for our restaurants.
A number of freestanding restaurants have been opened in the Papa Johns system. We seek either existing buildings suitable for conversion, or locations suitable for the construction of our prototype restaurant. At December 25, 2005, freestanding units represented approximately 24% of domestic Company-owned restaurants, and a relatively small percentage of domestic franchised restaurants. We do not expect to add a significant number of domestic freestanding restaurants in the future.
We provide layout and design services and recommendations for subcontractors, signage installers and telephone systems to Papa Johns franchisees. Our franchisees can purchase complete new store equipment packages through an approved third party supplier under a commission arrangement with the Company. We sell replacement packages, smallwares and related items to our franchisees through our support services subsidiary, Papa Johns Support Services, Inc.
We have designed a re-image package for the interior of our domestic restaurants at a cost of approximately $5,000 per unit. We expect to re-image all Company-owned restaurants in 2006 at a total cost of approximately $2.0 million and will offer the re-image package to franchisees on an elective basis.
Our domestic QC Centers, comprised of ten regional production and distribution centers in 2005, supply pizza dough, food products, paper products, smallwares and cleaning supplies twice weekly to each restaurant. This system enables us to monitor and control product quality and consistency, while lowering food costs. Our full-service QC Centers are located in Louisville, Kentucky; Dallas, Texas; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Orlando, Florida; Raleigh, North Carolina; Denver, Colorado; Rotterdam, New York; Portland, Oregon; Des Moines, Iowa; and Phoenix, Arizona. The QC Center system capacity is continually evaluated in relation to planned restaurant growth, and facilities are developed or upgraded as operational or economic conditions warrant. We consider the current QC center system capacity sufficient to accommodate domestic restaurant unit development for the next several years.
Our subsidiary, Papa John's UK, leases a distribution center in the United Kingdom. The primary difference between a full-service QC Center and a distribution center is that full-service QC Centers produce fresh pizza dough in addition to providing other food and paper products used in our restaurants. International full-service QC Centers, licensed to franchisees and non-franchisee third parties, are generally located in the markets where our franchisees have restaurants. We expect future international QC Centers to be licensed to franchisees or non-franchisee third parties; however, we may open Company-owned QC Centers at our discretion. We also have the right to acquire licensed QC Centers from our international licensees in certain circumstances.
We set quality standards for all products used in our restaurants and designate approved outside suppliers of food and paper products that meet our quality standards. In order to ensure product quality and consistency, all Papa Johns restaurants are required to purchase seasoned sauce and dough from our QC Centers. Franchisees may purchase other goods directly from our QC Centers or approved suppliers. National purchasing agreements with most of our suppliers generally result in volume discounts to us, allowing us to sell products to our restaurants at prices that we believe are below those generally available in the marketplace. Within our domestic QC Center system, products are distributed to restaurants by refrigerated trucks leased and operated by us or transported by a dedicated logistics company.
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PJ Food Service, Inc. (PJFS), our wholly owned subsidiary that operates our domestic Company-owned QC Centers, has a purchasing arrangement with BIBP Commodities, Inc. (BIBP), a third-party entity formed by franchisees for the sole purpose of reducing cheese price volatility to domestic system-wide restaurants. Under this arrangement, PJFS purchases cheese at a fixed quarterly price based in part on historical average cheese prices. Gains and losses incurred by the selling entity are passed to the QC Centers via adjustments to the selling price over time. Ultimately, PJFS purchases cheese at a price approximating the actual average market price, but with more predictability and less price volatility. See Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Consolidation of BIBP Commodities, Inc. (BIBP) as a Variable Interest Entity, and Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information concerning BIBP and the purchasing arrangement, and the related financial statement treatment thereof.
All Company-owned and franchised Papa Johns restaurants within a co-developed market are required to join an area advertising cooperative (Co-op). Each member restaurant contributes a percentage of sales to the Co-op for market-wide programs, such as radio, television and print advertising. The rate of contribution and uses of the monies collected are determined by a majority vote of the Co-ops members. The restaurant-level and Co-op marketing efforts are supported by print and electronic advertising materials that are produced by the Papa Johns Marketing Fund, Inc., a non-profit corporation (the Marketing Fund). The Marketing Fund produces and buys air time for Papa Johns national television commercials, in addition to other brand-building activities, such as consumer research and public relations activities. All domestic Company-owned and franchised Papa Johns restaurants are required to contribute a certain percentage of sales to the Marketing Fund. The contribution rate to the Marketing Fund can be increased above the required contribution rate if a majority of the domestic restaurants agree to such increase. The contribution percentage was 2.25% during 2005, 3.25% for the period June through December 2004, and 2.0% from January through May 2004 and throughout 2003. Effective at the beginning of fiscal 2006, the contribution percentage to the Marketing Fund increased to 2.6% and is expected to remain at that level throughout 2006.
Restaurant-level marketing programs target the delivery area of each restaurant, making extensive use of targeted print materials in direct mail and store-to-door couponing. The local marketing efforts also include a variety of community-oriented activities with schools, sports teams and other organizations. In markets in which Papa Johns has a significant presence, local marketing efforts are supplemented with radio and television advertising.
We provide both Company-owned and franchised restaurants with pre-approved print marketing materials and with catalogs for the purchase of uniforms and promotional items. We also provide direct marketing services to Company-owned and franchised restaurants using customer information gathered by our proprietary point-of-sale technology (see Company Operations Point of Sale Technology).
We have developed a system by which all domestic Papa Johns restaurant customers are able to place orders online via the internet, including a new plan ahead ordering advance ordering feature. We receive a percentage fee based on online sales from domestic franchisees, in addition to royalties, for this service.
We offer our customers the opportunity to purchase a reloadable gift card, (Papa Card) that can be purchased in any denomination from $10 to $100. We also offer Papa Cards for sale to consumers in limited third party outlets and continue to explore additional Papa Card distribution opportunities. The Papa Card may be redeemed for delivery, carryout and online orders and is accepted at substantially all Papa Johns traditional U.S. restaurants.
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Company Operations
Restaurant Personnel. A typical Papa Johns restaurant employs a restaurant manager, one or two assistant managers and approximately 20 to 25 hourly team members, most of whom work part-time. The manager is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the restaurant and maintaining Company-established operating standards. The operating standards and other resources are contained in a comprehensive operations manual supplied to each restaurant. We seek to hire experienced restaurant managers and staff, provide comprehensive training on operations and managerial skills, and motivate and retain them by providing opportunities for advancement and performance-based financial incentives.
We also employ directors of operations who are responsible for overseeing an average of seven Company-owned restaurants. The directors of operations report to operations vice presidents who are individually responsible for the management of approximately 100 Company-owned restaurants in specific geographic regions. These team members are eligible to earn performance-based financial incentives.
Training and Education.We have a department dedicated to training and developing team members, as well as assisting with new restaurant openings. With regional training locations across the country, we are capable of training multiple operators during new program or product introductions. Domestically, we provide an on-site training team three days before and three days after the opening of any Company-owned or franchised restaurant requesting assistance. Operations personnel, both corporate and franchise, complete our management training program and on-going development programs in which instruction is given on all aspects of our systems and operations. The programs include hands-on training and some classroom instruction at an operating Papa Johns restaurant by a Company certified general training manager. Our training includes new team member orientation, in-store and delivery training, core management skills training, new product or program implementation and ongoing developmental programs.
Point of Sale Technology. Point of sale technology (our proprietary PROFIT SystemTM) is in place in all domestic traditional Papa Johns restaurants and in a majority of Papa Johns international restaurants. We believe this technology facilitates faster and more accurate order-taking and pricing, reduces paperwork and allows the restaurant manager to better monitor and control food and labor costs. We believe the PROFIT System enhances restaurant-level marketing capabilities through the development of a database containing information on customers and their buying habits with respect to our products. Polling capabilities allow us to obtain restaurant operating information, thereby improving the speed, accuracy and efficiency of restaurant-level reporting. During 2004, we introduced a new generation of the PROFIT System to the domestic and international Papa Johns system. This updated version was designed to improve operational efficiencies at the restaurant level and improve our data collection process. The updated PROFIT System was installed in all domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants during 2005. The PROFIT System is also closely integrated with our online ordering system in all domestic traditional Papa Johns restaurants. This enables Papa Johns to offer nationwide online ordering to our customers.
Reporting. Management at Company-owned restaurants evaluates daily reports of sales, cash deposits and operating costs. Physical inventories of all food and beverage items are taken nightly.
Joint Venture. We operate 114 Company-owned restaurants under two joint venture arrangements. Under the first arrangement, we own 70% of 36 Papa Johns restaurants located in Virginia and Maryland. Under the second arrangement, we own 51% of 78 Papa Johns restaurants located in Texas. We will continue to evaluate further joint venture arrangements on an individual basis as opportunities arise.
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Hours of Operations. Our domestic restaurants are open seven days a week, typically from 11:00 a.m. to 12:30 a.m. Monday through Thursday, 11:00 a.m. to 1:30 a.m. on Friday and Saturday and 12:00 noon to 11:30 p.m. on Sunday.
Franchise Program
General. We continue to attract franchisees with significant restaurant and retail experience. We consider our franchisees to be a vital part of our systems continued growth and believe our relationship with our franchisees is good. As of December 25, 2005, there were 2,422 franchised Papa Johns restaurants operating in 49 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and 22 countries, and 112 franchised Perfect Pizza restaurants operating in the United Kingdom. As of December 25, 2005, we have development agreements with our franchisees for approximately 271 additional domestic franchised restaurants committed to open through 2012 and agreements for 848 additional international franchised restaurants to open through 2016. There can be no assurance that all of these restaurants will be opened or that the development schedule set forth in the development agreements will be achieved. During 2005, 190 (101 domestic and 89 international) franchised Papa Johns restaurants were opened, and six Perfect Pizza franchised restaurants were opened. Our franchisees have converted 62 Perfect Pizza restaurants to Papa Johns restaurants since 2000.
Approval. Franchisees are approved on the basis of the applicants business background, restaurant operating experience and financial resources. We seek franchisees to enter into development agreements for single or multiple restaurants. We require the franchisee to either complete our training program or to hire a full-time operator who completes the training and has either an equity interest or the right to acquire an equity interest in the franchise operation.
Development and Franchise Agreements.We enter into development agreements with our domestic franchisees for the opening of a specified number of restaurants within a defined period of time and specified geographic area. Under our current standard development agreement, the franchisee is required to pay, at the time of signing the agreement, a non-refundable fee of $25,000 for the first restaurant and $5,000 for any additional restaurants. The non-refundable fee is credited against the standard $25,000 franchise fee payable to us upon signing the franchise agreement for a specific location. Generally, a franchise agreement is executed when a franchisee secures a location.
Our standard domestic franchise agreement provides for a term of ten years (with one ten-year renewal option) and payment to us of a royalty fee of 4% of sales. Substantially all existing franchise agreements permit us to increase the royalty fee up to 5% of sales. The royalty fee cannot be increased to an amount greater than the percentage royalty fee then in effect for new franchisees.
We have the right to terminate a franchise agreement for a variety of reasons, including a franchisees failure to make payments when due or failure to adhere to our policies and standards. Many state franchise laws limit the ability of a franchisor to terminate or refuse to renew a franchise.
We opened our first franchised restaurant outside the United States in 1998. We define international to be all markets outside the contiguous United States in which we have either a development agreement or a master franchise agreement with a franchisee for the opening of a specified number of restaurants within a defined period of time and specified geographic area. Under a master franchise agreement, the
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franchisee has the right to subfranchise a portion of the development to one or more subfranchisees approved by us. Under our current standard international development agreement (except for Hawaii and Alaska, in which the initial fees are the same as domestic restaurants), the franchisee is required to pay total fees of $25,000 per restaurant, $5,000 at the time of signing the agreement, and $20,000 when the restaurant opens or the agreed-upon development date, whichever comes first. Under our current standard master franchise agreement, the master franchisee is required to pay total fees of $25,000 per restaurant owned and operated by the master franchisee, under the same terms as the development agreement, and $15,000 for each subfranchised restaurant, $5,000 at the time of signing the agreement and $10,000 when the restaurant opens or the agreed-upon development date, whichever comes first.
Our current standard international master franchise and development agreements provide for payment to us of a royalty fee of 5% of sales (3% of sales by subfranchised restaurants), with no provision for increase. The remaining terms applicable to the operation of individual restaurants are substantially equivalent to the terms of our standard domestic franchise agreement. From time to time, development agreements will be negotiated at other than standard terms for fees and royalties.
We have entered into a limited number of development and franchise agreements for non-traditional restaurant units and continue to analyze opportunities to expand these types of units. These agreements generally cover venues or areas not originally targeted for development and have terms differing from the standard agreement. These agreements have not had a significant impact on our revenues or earnings.
Franchise Restaurant Development. We provide assistance to Papa Johns franchisees in selecting sites, developing restaurants and evaluating the physical specifications for typical restaurants. Each franchisee is responsible for selecting the location for its restaurants but must obtain our approval of restaurant design and location based on accessibility and visibility of the site and targeted demographic factors, including population, density, income, age and traffic. Our domestic franchisees may purchase complete new store equipment packages through an approved third party supplier under a commission arrangement with the Company. Internationally, our franchisees buy their equipment from approved third-party suppliers.
Franchisee Loans.Selected franchisees have borrowed funds from our subsidiary, Capital Delivery, Ltd., principally for use in the construction and development of their restaurants. We have also entered into loan agreements with certain franchisees that purchased restaurants from us or other franchisees. Loans made to franchisees typically bear interest at fixed or floating rates (with a stated average interest rate of 5.8% at December 25, 2005) and in most cases are secured by the fixtures, equipment and signage (and where applicable, the land) of the restaurant and the ownership interests in the franchisee. At December 25, 2005, franchisee loans outstanding totaled $7.7 million ($1.5 million of net loans were eliminated upon consolidating franchisee variable interest entities or VIEs), net of a $1.5 million reserve for uncollectible amounts. See Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
We have a commitment to lend up to $17.6 million to BIBP, a franchisee-owned corporation. We have an outstanding loan of $13.1 million to BIBP at December 25, 2005, which is eliminated in consolidation. See Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Franchise Insurance Program. Our franchisees have the opportunity to purchase various insurance policies, such as non-owned automobile and workers compensation, through our insurance agency, Risk Services Corp. (Risk Services). In October 2000, we established a captive insurance company (Captive) located in Bermuda, RSC Insurance Services, Ltd., to accommodate this business. Beginning in October 2004, a third-party commercial insurance company began providing fully-insured coverage to franchisees participating in the franchise insurance program. Accordingly, this new agreement eliminates
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our risk of loss for franchise insurance coverage written after September 2004. As of December 25, 2005, approximately 50% of domestic franchise restaurants had obtained insurance coverage through Risk Services. See Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Franchise Training and Support.During late 2005, the field support structure for domestic franchisees was reorganized and merged into the Company-owned restaurant management structure. The new field support structure consists of Franchise Business Directors (FBDs), each of whom is responsible for serving an average of approximately 100 franchise units. Every franchisee is required to have a principal operator approved by us who satisfactorily completes our required training program and who devotes his or her full business time and efforts to the operation of the franchisees restaurants. Each franchise restaurant manager is also required to complete our Company-certified management training program. Domestically, we provide an on-site training crew three days before and three days after the opening of a franchisees first two restaurants. Internationally, we provide an on-site training crew five days before and five days after the opening of a franchisees first two stores. Ongoing supervision of training is monitored by the franchise training team. Multi-unit franchisees are encouraged to appoint training store general managers or hire a full-time training coordinator certified to deliver Company-approved programs in order to train new team members and management candidates for their restaurants. Our FBDs maintain open communication with the franchise community, relaying operating and marketing information and new ideas between franchisees and us. Internationally, training is monitored by our international director of training as well as regional directors and international business managers assigned to specific franchisee territories. We also maintain communications with our franchisees through periodic system-wide meetings and newsletters.
Franchise Operations.All franchisees are required to operate their Papa Johns restaurants in compliance with our policies, standards and specifications, including matters such as menu items, ingredients, materials, supplies, services, fixtures, furnishings, decor and signs. Each franchisee has full discretion to determine the prices to be charged to its customers.
Franchise Advisory Council. We have a Franchise Advisory Council that consists of Company and franchisee representatives of domestically owned restaurants. The Advisory Council and subcommittees hold regular meetings to discuss new marketing ideas, operations, growth and other relevant issues. In addition, the Company is aware that certain franchisees have formed an operators exchange group for the purpose of communicating and addressing issues, needs and opportunities among its members and the Company.
We currently communicate with, and receive input from, our franchisees in several forms, including through the Companys Franchise Advisory Council, annual operations conferences and various regional meetings conducted with franchisees throughout the year and participation in an operators exchange best practices forum in which numerous franchisees also participate. We are committed to communicating with, and receiving input from, our franchisees.
Reporting and Business Processes.We collect sales and other operating information from domestic Papa Johns franchisees daily. We have agreements with substantially all Papa Johns domestic franchisees permitting us to debit electronically the franchisees bank accounts for substantially all payments to us including the payment of royalties, Marketing Fund contributions, risk management services, and purchases from our Print and Promotions operations and QC Centers. This system significantly reduces the resources needed to process receivables, improves cash flow and mitigates the amount of past-due accounts related to these items. Domestic franchisees generally are required to purchase and install the Papa Johns PROFIT System in their restaurants (see Company Operations Point of Sale Technology).
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Industry and Competition
The restaurant industry is intensely competitive with respect to price, service, location, food quality and variety. There are many well-established competitors with substantially greater financial and other resources than Papa Johns. Competitors include a large number of international, national and regional restaurant chains, as well as local pizza operators. Some of our competitors have been in existence for a substantially longer period than us and may have higher restaurant penetration and stronger, more developed brand awareness in the markets where our restaurants are, or may be located. Based on independent third-party research, the United States Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) Pizza category, which includes dine-in, carry-out and delivery, had sales of approximately $33.5 billion in 2005, of which Papa Johns share was reported as 5.2%. Within the pizza segment of the restaurant industry, we believe our primary competitors are the national pizza chains, including Pizza Hut, Dominos and Little Caesars, and several regional chains, including chains executing a take and bake concept. A change in the pricing or other marketing strategies of one or more of our competitors could have an adverse impact on our sales and earnings. Additionally, a continued increased emphasis on drive thru, carryout and curbside pickup availability by casual dining restaurants, such as Applebees and Outback, as well as improved quality of fresh and frozen supermarket offerings, could also have an adverse impact on our sales and earnings.
With respect to the sale of franchises, we compete with many franchisors of restaurants and other business concepts. In general, there is also active competition for management personnel and attractive commercial real estate sites suitable for our restaurants.
Government Regulation
We, along with our franchisees, are subject to various federal, state and local laws affecting the operation of our respective businesses. Each Papa Johns restaurant is subject to licensing and regulation by a number of governmental authorities, which include health, safety, sanitation, building and fire agencies in the state or municipality in which the restaurant is located. Difficulties in obtaining, or the failure to obtain, required licenses or approvals could delay or prevent the opening of a new restaurant in a particular area. Our full-service QC Centers are licensed and subject to regulation by state and local health and fire codes, and the operation of our trucks is subject to Department of Transportation regulations. We are also subject to federal and state environmental regulations.
We are subject to Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulation and various state laws regulating the offer and sale of franchises. Several state laws also regulate substantive aspects of the franchisor-franchisee relationship. The FTC requires us to furnish to prospective franchisees a franchise offering circular containing prescribed information. Substantive state laws that regulate the franchisor-franchisee relationship presently exist in a substantial number of states, and bills have been introduced in Congress from time to time, which would provide for federal regulation of the franchisor-franchisee relationship in certain respects. The state laws often limit, among other things, the duration and scope of non-competition provisions and the ability of a franchisor to terminate or refuse to renew a franchise. Some foreign countries also have disclosure requirements and other laws regulating franchising and the franchisor-franchisee relationship. Further government initiatives, such as living wage or other proposed increases in minimum wage rates, could adversely affect Papa Johns as well as the restaurant industry. As we expand internationally, we will be subject to applicable laws in each jurisdiction where franchised units are established.
11
Trademarks
Our rights in our principal trademarks and service marks are a significant part of our business. We are the owner of the federal registration of the trademark Papa Johns. We have also registered Pizza Papa Johns and design (our logo), Better Ingredients. Better Pizza. and Pizza Papa Johns Better Ingredients. Better Pizza. and design as trademarks and service marks. We also own federal registrations for several ancillary marks, principally advertising slogans. We have also applied to register our primary trademark, Pizza Papa Johns and design, in more than 90 foreign countries and the European Community. We are aware of the use by other persons in certain geographical areas of names and marks which are the same as or similar to our marks. It is our policy to pursue registration of our marks whenever possible and to oppose vigorously any infringement of our marks.
Employees
As of December 25, 2005, we employed 13,194 persons, of whom approximately 11,417 were restaurant team members, 556 were restaurant management and supervisory personnel, 529 were corporate personnel and 692 were QC Center and support services personnel. Most restaurant team members work part-time and are paid on an hourly basis. None of our team members is covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our team member relations to be excellent.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Act), including information within Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the provisions of the Act and with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the safe harbor provisions of the Act. Although we believe that our expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to, the following:
1. The ability of the Papa Johns system to continue to open new restaurants is affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include, among other things, litigation, selection and availability of suitable restaurant locations, increases in or sustained high levels of food, paper, utilities, fuel, employee compensation and benefits, insurance and similar costs, negotiation of suitable lease or financing terms, constraints on permitting and construction of restaurants, higher than anticipated construction costs, and the hiring, training and retention of management and other personnel. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that system-wide, Papa Johns will be able to meet planned growth targets, open restaurants in markets now targeted for expansion, or continue to operate in existing markets profitably.
2. The restaurant industry is intensely competitive with respect to price, service, location and food quality, and there are many well-established competitors with substantially greater financial and other resources than the Papa Johns system. Some of these competitors have been in existence for a substantially longer period than Papa Johns and may be better established in the markets where restaurants operated by us or our franchisees are, or may be, located. Experience has shown that a change in the pricing or other marketing or promotional strategies, including new product and concept developments, of one or more of our major competitors can have an adverse impact on sales and earnings of Papa Johns and our system-wide restaurant operations.
3. An increase in the cost of cheese or other commodities could adversely affect the profitability of our system-wide restaurant operations. Cheese costs, historically representing 35% to 40% of our food
12
cost, and other commodities are subject to seasonal fluctuations, weather, availability, demand and other factors that are beyond our control. Additionally, sustained increases in fuel and utility costs could adversely affect the profitability of our restaurant and QC Center businesses.
4. Changes in consumer taste (for example, changes in dietary preferences that could cause consumers to avoid pizza in favor of foods that are perceived as more healthful), demographic trends, traffic patterns and the type, number and location of competing restaurants could adversely affect our restaurant business.
5. Health- or disease-related disruptions or consumer concerns about the commodity supply or the Companys food products could negatively impact the availability and/or cost of commodities and adversely impact restaurant operations and our financial results.
6. System-wide restaurant operations are subject to federal and state laws governing such matters as wages, working conditions, citizenship requirements and overtime. A significant number of hourly personnel employed by our franchisees and us are paid at rates related to the federal minimum wage. Accordingly, further increases in the federal minimum wage or the enactment of additional state or local minimum wage increases above federal wage rates will increase labor costs for our system-wide operations. Additionally, labor shortages in various markets could result in higher required wage rates.
7. Any or all of the factors listed in 1. through 6. potentially adversely impacting restaurant sales or costs could be especially harmful to the financial viability of franchisees in under-penetrated or emerging markets. A decline in or failure to improve financial performance for this group of franchisees could lead to unit closings at greater than anticipated levels and therefore impact contributions to marketing funds, our royalty stream, PJFS and support services efficiencies and other system-wide results.
8. Domestically, we are dependent on sole suppliers for our cheese, flour, and thin and pan crust dough products. Alternative sources for these ingredients may not be available on a timely basis to supply these key ingredients or be available on terms as favorable to us as under our current arrangements. Domestic restaurants purchase substantially all food and related products from our QC Centers. Accordingly, both our corporate and franchised restaurants could be harmed by any prolonged disruption in the supply of products from our QC Centers.
9. Domestic franchisees are only required to purchase seasoned sauce and dough from our QC Centers and changes in purchasing practices by domestic franchisees could adversely affect the financial results of our QC Centers.
10. Beginning in October of 2004, a third-party commercial insurance company began providing fully-insured coverage to franchisees participating in our franchise insurance program, thus eliminating our risk of loss for franchise insurance coverage written after September 2004. The Captives relatively immature claims history limits the predictive value of estimating the costs of incurred and future claims, thus our operating income is subject to potential significant adjustments for changes in estimated insurance reserves for policies written from the Captives inception in October 2000 through September 2004.
11. Our domestic and international operations could be negatively impacted by significant changes in international economic, political and health conditions. In addition, our international operations are subject to additional factors, including compliance with foreign laws, currency regulations and fluctuations, differing business and social cultures and consumer preferences, diverse government
13
regulations and structures, availability and cost of land and construction, ability to source high-quality ingredients and other commodities in a cost-effective manner, and differing interpretation of the obligations established in franchise agreements with international franchisees. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our operations will achieve or maintain profitability or meet planned growth rates.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
As of December 25, 2005, there were 2,926 Papa Johns restaurants and 112 franchised Perfect Pizza restaurants system-wide.
Company-owned Papa Johns Restaurants
Number of
Restaurants
Florida
32
Georgia
68
Illinois
Indiana
40
Kentucky
41
Maryland
50
Missouri
19
New Jersey
15
New Mexico
North Carolina
63
Ohio
16
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
27
Texas
78
Virginia
24
Total Domestic Company-owned Papa Johns Restaurants
502
United Kingdom
Total Company-owned Papa Johns Restaurants
504
Note: Company-owned Papa Johns restaurants include restaurants owned by majority-owned joint ventures. There were 114 such restaurants at December 25, 2005 (78 in Texas, 24 in Virginia and 12 in Maryland).
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Domestic Franchised Papa Johns Restaurants
Alabama
62
Arizona
66
Arkansas
California
173
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
207
64
Idaho
56
75
Iowa
22
Kansas
31
52
Louisiana
Maine
37
Massachusetts
Michigan
48
Minnesota
49
Mississippi
20
44
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New York
58
North Dakota
134
Oklahoma
26
Oregon
79
Rhode Island
42
South Dakota
61
129
Utah
25
89
Washington
55
West Virginia
21
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Washington, D.C.
Total Domestic Franchised Papa Johns Restaurants
2,097
International Franchised Papa Johns Restaurants
Alaska
Bahamas
Bahrain
Canada
Cayman Islands
China
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Hawaii
Ireland
Kuwait
Mexico
39
(a)
Nicaragua
Oman
Pakistan
Peru
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Russia
Saudi Arabia
17
South Korea
Trinidad
U.S. Virgin Islands
United Arab Emirates
87
Venezuela
Total International Franchised Papa Johns Restaurants
325
(a) In the fourth quarter, we terminated the master franchise agreement in Mexico. In January and February, 17 franchised and subfranchised restaurants in Mexico closed. We expect that a substantial majority of the 22 remaining franchised and subfranchised restaurants in Mexico will close by the end of the first quarter. The royalty income earned from the restaurants closed or expected to close was not material to our 2005 operating results. We are committed to the development of Mexico as an important international market and are currently evaluating our alternatives, including potential direct investment via a joint venture or other methods.
We define domestic operations as units located in the contiguous United States.
Most Papa Johns restaurants are located in leased space. The initial term of most restaurant leases is generally five years with most leases providing for one or more options to renew for at least one additional term. Virtually all of our leases specify a fixed annual rent. Generally, the leases are triple net leases, which require us to pay all or a portion of the cost of insurance, taxes and utilities. Certain leases further provide that the lease payments may be increased annually, with a small number of escalations based on changes in the Consumer Price Index.
Approximately 45 Company-owned restaurants are located in buildings we own on land either owned or leased by us. These restaurants range from 1,100 to 3,000 square feet. Three of these restaurants are located in multi-bay facilities. These multi-bay facilities contain from 2,800 to 5,000 square feet, and the space not utilized by the Papa Johns restaurant in each facility is leased or held for lease to third party tenants.
At December 25, 2005, we had 201 restaurants located in the United Kingdom (87 franchised and 2 Company-owned Papa Johns restaurants and 112 franchised Perfect Pizza restaurants). In addition to leasing the 2 Company-owned restaurant sites, we lease and sublease to franchisees 162 of the 199 franchised restaurant sites. The initial lease terms on the Company and franchised sites are generally 10 to 15 years. The initial lease terms of the franchisee subleases are generally five to ten years. As more fully described in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, we have developed a plan to sell our Perfect Pizza operations located in the United Kingdom during the next 12 months.
Information with respect to our leased QC Centers and other facilities as of December 25, 2005 is set forth below.
Facility
Square Footage
Raleigh, NC
61,000
Denver, CO
32,000
Phoenix, AZ
57,000
Des Moines, IA
43,000
Rotterdam, NY
45,000
Portland, OR
37,000
Pittsburgh, PA
52,000
We own approximately five acres in Orlando, Florida on which our 63,000 square foot full-service commissary is located. We also own eight acres and a 175,000 square foot facility in Dallas, Texas, of which 77,500 square feet is used by our full-service commissary and the remaining space is available for future production or for leasing. In addition, we own approximately 72 acres in Louisville, Kentucky with a 42,000 square foot building housing our printing operations and a 247,000 square foot building, approximately 30% to 40% of which accommodates the Louisville QC Center operation and promotional division. The remainder of the building houses our corporate offices.
The Papa Johns UK management team is located in 6,000 square feet of leased office space in London with a remaining lease term of 10 years. In addition, Papa Johns UK leased a distribution center located in a 30,000 square foot facility in Staffordshire, England.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that all such claims and actions currently pending against us are either adequately covered by insurance or would not have a material adverse effect on us if decided in a manner unfavorable to us.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Not applicable.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Set forth below are the executive officers of Papa Johns, together with their ages as of January 1, 2006, their positions and the years in which they first became an officer:
Name
Age
Position
First ElectedExecutive Officer
John H. Schnatter
Founder and Executive Chairman
1985
Nigel Travis
President and Chief Executive Officer
2005
William M. Van Epps
57
Senior Vice President and Chief Operations Officer
2002
Julie L. Larner
45
Senior Vice President and President PJ Food Service, Inc.
2001
Charles W. Schnatter
43
Senior Vice President and Chief Development Officer
1991
J. David Flanery
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
1994
Michael R. Cortino
Senior Vice President, Corporate Operations
2000
Timothy C. OHern
Senior Vice President, Development
Richard J. Emmett
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
1992
Christopher J. Sternberg
Senior Vice President, Corporate Communications
2006
John H. Schnatter created the Papa Johns concept and founded Papa Johns in 1985. He has served as Executive Chairman since April 2005. From 1990 to April 2005, he served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and as President from 1985 to 1990 and from January 2001 to April 2005. He has been a franchisee since 1986.
Nigel Travis has served as President and Chief Executive Officer since April 1, 2005 after joining Papa Johns in January 2005 as Executive Vice President. He also serves as a member of our Board of Directors. Prior to joining Papa Johns, Mr. Travis held various leadership positions at Blockbuster, Inc., from 1994 to 2004, most recently as President and Chief Operating Officer. From 1985 to 1994, Mr. Travis served in various capacities for Grand Metropolitan PLC (London, England), including leadership positions at Burger King Corporation for five years. Mr. Travis is the lead director of the Bombay Company, Inc.
William M. Van Epps has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Operations Officer since 2004, responsible for domestic corporate and franchised restaurant operations and international operations. Mr. Van Epps served as our Managing Director, International from September 2001 to 2004. Prior to joining
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Papa Johns, Mr. Van Epps served for two years as President, International Division of Yorkshire Global Restaurants, responsible for the international development of Long John Silvers and A&W restaurants. From 1993 to 1999, he served in several positions with AFC Enterprises, including President of its International Division. From 1988 to 1993, he was Vice President, Marketing and International for Western Sizzlin, Inc.
Julie L. Larner has served as Senior Vice President and President - PJ Food Service, Inc. since 2004. Ms. Larner served as Senior Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer and Treasurer from 2001 to 2004. Ms. Larner has been with Papa Johns since 1992, serving as controller for PJ Food Service, Inc. from 1992 to 1997 and its Vice President of Finance and Administration from 1998 to 2001.
Charles W. Schnatter has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Development Officer since 2001 and served as Secretary from 1991 until October 2005; he has been a Senior Vice President since 1993. Mr. Schnatter also held the position of General Counsel from 1991 to March 2002. From 1988 to 1991, he was an attorney with Greenebaum Doll & McDonald PLLC, Louisville, Kentucky, a law firm, which provides legal services to us. Mr. Schnatter has been a franchisee since 1989.
J. David Flanery has served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since 2004. He previously served as Senior Vice President of Finance since August 2002. He served as Vice President of Finance from 1995 through August 2002, after having joined Papa Johns in 1994 as Corporate Controller. From 1979 to 1994, Mr. Flanery was with Ernst & Young LLP in a variety of positions, most recently as Audit Senior Manager. Mr. Flanery is a licensed Certified Public Accountant.
Michael R. Cortino has served as Senior Vice President, Domestic Operations since August 2005; he previously served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Operations after serving as Vice President of Operations Support since 1999. Prior to joining Papa Johns, Mr. Cortino served five years as Vice President of Corporate Operations for AFC Enterprises Churchs Chicken Brand and ten years as a market manager and in other positions with Taco Bell.
Timothy C. OHern rejoined Papa Johns in early 2005 as Senior Vice President, Development, after spending two years managing the operations of a Papa Johns franchisee in which he has an ownership interest. Prior to his departure from Papa Johns in 2002, Mr. OHern held various positions, including Vice President of Global Development from February 2001 to 2002, Vice President of U.S. Development from March 1997 to February 2001, Director of Franchise Development from December 1996 to March 1997 and Construction Manager from November 1995 to December 1996. He has been a franchisee since 1993.
Richard J. Emmett has served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel since March 2002, after serving as Senior Vice President and Senior Counsel since March 1997, and has served as Secretary since October 2005. Mr. Emmett is responsible for our legal, risk management and people departments. Mr. Emmett also served as Senior Vice President of Development from August 1996 to March 1997. From 1992 to 1996, Mr. Emmett held the position of Vice President and Senior Counsel. From 1983 to 1992, Mr. Emmett was an attorney with the law firm of Greenebaum Doll & McDonald PLLC, having become a partner of the firm in 1989. Mr. Emmett has been a franchisee since 1992.
Christopher J. Sternberg has served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Communications since April 2005, after serving as Vice President and Assistant to the Executive Chairman since 2000. Mr. Sternberg served as Vice President, Corporate Communications from 1997 to 2000. Mr. Sternberg joined the Company in 1994 as Assistant Counsel in our Legal Department. From 1990 to 1994, he was an attorney with Greenebaum Doll & McDonald PLLC, Louisville, Kentucky.
John and Charles Schnatter are brothers. There are no other family relationships among the executive officers and other key personnel.
Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ National Market tier of The NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol PZZA. As of February 21, 2006, there were approximately 811 record holders of common stock. The following table sets forth for the quarters indicated the high and low closing sales prices of our common stock, as reported by The NASDAQ Stock Market. All sales prices have been adjusted to reflect a two-for-one split of the Companys outstanding shares of common stock. The stock split was effected in the form of a stock dividend and entitled each shareholder of record at the close of business on December 23, 2005 to receive one additional share for every outstanding share of common stock held on the record date. The stock dividend of approximately 16.5 million shares of common stock was distributed on January 13, 2006.
High
Low
First Quarter
$
18.28
15.81
Second Quarter
20.36
16.99
Third Quarter
24.64
19.71
Fourth Quarter
29.98
24.74
2004
18.49
15.90
17.56
14.08
15.63
14.01
17.79
14.63
Since our initial public offering of common stock in 1993, we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock, and have no current plans to do so.
The Papa Johns Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $525.0 million of common stock under a share repurchase program that began December 9, 1999, and runs through December 31, 2006. Through December 25, 2005, as adjusted for the two-for-one common stock split, a total of 34.7 million shares with an aggregate cost of $495.9 million and an average price of $14.29 per share have been repurchased under this program. Subsequent to year-end (through February 21, 2006), we acquired an additional 121,000 shares at an aggregate cost of $3.8 million. As of February 21, 2006, approximately $25.3 million remains available for repurchase of common stock under this authorization.
The following table summarizes our repurchase activity, as adjusted for the two-for-one stock split, by fiscal period during 2005 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Fiscal Period
TotalNumberof SharesPurchased
AveragePricePaid perShare
Total Numberof Shares Purchasedas Part of PubliclyAnnounced Plansor Programs
Maximum DollarValue of Sharesthat May Yet BePurchased Under thePlans or Programs
12/27/2004 - 01/23/2005
263
17.19
31,697
99,940
01/24/2005 - 02/20/2005
218
17.26
31,915
96,178
02/21/2005 - 03/27/2005
17.37
32,240
90,528
03/28/2005 - 04/24/2005
*
04/25/2005 - 05/22/2005
05/23/2005 - 06/26/2005
06/27/2005 - 07/24/2005
07/25/2005 - 08/21/2005
08/22/2005 - 09/25/2005
961
23.81
33,201
67,636
09/26/2005 - 10/23/2005
706
25.23
33,907
49,839
10/24/2005 - 11/20/2005
567
25.65
34,474
35,299
11/21/2005 - 12/25/2005
226
27.29
34,700
29,135
*There were no share repurchases during these periods.
Our share repurchase authorization increased from $450.0 million to $500.0 million on August 11, 2005, and increased to $525.0 million on December 6, 2005. For presentation purposes, the maximum dollar value of shares that may be purchased was adjusted retroactively to December 27, 2004.
The Company retired all common stock shares held in treasury as of December 23, 2005 in connection with the stock dividend.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The selected financial data presented for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 25, 2005 was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Item 7 and Item 8, respectively, of this Form 10-K.
Year Ended (1)
(In thousands, except per share data)
Dec. 25,2005
Dec. 26,2004
Dec. 28,2003
Dec. 29,2002
Dec. 30,2001
Income Statement Data
Domestic revenues:
Company-owned restaurant sales
434,525
412,676
416,049
429,813
445,849
Variable interest entities restaurant sales (2)
11,713
14,387
Franchise royalties (3)
52,289
50,292
49,851
51,386
50,768
Franchise and development fees
3,026
2,475
1,475
1,734
2,927
Commissary sales
398,372
376,642
369,825
381,217
390,889
Other sales
50,474
53,117
48,541
50,055
52,730
International revenues:
Royalties and franchise and development fees (4)
6,529
5,010
3,810
3,032
2,810
Restaurant and commissary sales (5)
11,860
10,747
10,572
9,521
6,346
Total revenues
968,788
925,346
900,123
926,758
952,319
Operating income (6)
72,700
36,682
55,353
74,914
75,717
Investment income
1,248
689
672
1,126
1,958
Interest expense
(4,316
)
(5,313
(6,851
(7,677
(8,857
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
69,632
32,058
49,174
68,363
68,818
Income tax expense
25,364
12,021
18,440
25,637
25,975
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
44,268
20,037
30,734
42,726
42,843
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax (7)
1,788
3,184
3,242
4,071
4,402
Cumulative effect of accounting change, net of tax (8)
(413
Net income
46,056
23,221
33,563
46,797
47,245
Basic earnings per common share:
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle (9)
1.32
0.58
0.86
1.07
0.95
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax (7) (9)
0.05
0.09
0.10
Cumulative effect of accounting change, net of tax (8) (9)
(0.01
Basic earnings per common share (9)
1.37
0.67
0.94
1.17
1.05
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution:
1.29
0.85
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution (9)
1.34
0.93
1.15
1.04
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (9)
33,594
34,414
35,876
40,136
45,200
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (9)
34,316
34,810
36,074
40,600
45,506
Balance Sheet Data
Total assets
350,562
374,487
347,214
366,832
387,439
Total debt
55,116
94,230
61,250
140,085
105,310
Total stockholders equity
161,279
139,223
159,272
121,947
195,632
(1) We operate on a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the last Sunday of December of each year. All fiscal years presented consisted of 52 weeks.
(2) We began consolidating variable interest entities (VIEs) restaurants in 2004. See Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(3) Domestic Franchise royalties were derived from franchise restaurant sales of $1.38 billion in 2005, $1.30 billion in 2004, $1.29 billion in 2003, $1.32 billion in 2002 and $1.30 billion in 2001.
(4) International Royalties were derived from franchise restaurant sales of $104.2 million in 2005, $67.6 million in 2004, $65.0 million in 2003, $52.2 million in 2002 and $42.1 million in 2001.
(5) Restaurant sales for Company-owned United Kingdom restaurants were $642,000 in 2005, $629,000 in 2004, $2.4 million in 2003, $4.0 million in 2002 and $4.5 million in 2001.
(6) The operating results include the consolidation of BIBP beginning in 2004, which increased operating income approximately $5.8 million in 2005 and reduced operating income approximately $22.9 million in 2004. Operating income includes restaurant closure, impairment and disposition losses (gains) of ($2.0 million) in 2005, ($203,000) in 2004, $5.5 million in 2003, $1.1 million in 2002 and ($1.2 million) in 2001. See Notes 5 and 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(7) The Perfect Pizza operations are classified as discontinued operations and the related assets as held for sale. See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(8) Reflects the cumulative effect on income and earnings per share of a change in accounting principle, net of tax, as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 150,Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity.
(9) Adjusted to reflect a two-for-one common stock split effected in the form of a 100% stock dividend to stockholders of record on December 23, 2005.
Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Introduction
Papa Johns International, Inc. (referred to as the Company, Papa Johns or in the first person notations of we, us and our) began operations in 1985 with the opening of the first Papa Johns restaurant in Jeffersonville, Indiana. At December 25, 2005, there were 2,926 Papa Johns restaurants in operation, consisting of 504 Company-owned and 2,422 franchised, and 112 franchised Perfect Pizza restaurants in the United Kingdom. Our revenues are principally derived from retail sales of pizza and other food and beverage products to the general public by Company-owned restaurants, franchise royalties, sales of franchise and development rights, sales to franchisees of food and paper products, printing and promotional items, risk management services, and information systems and related services used in their operations.
New unit openings in 2005 were 204 as compared to 175 in 2004 and 105 in 2003 and unit closings in 2005 were 113 as compared to 153 in 2004 and 116 in 2003. The improvement in net unit growth during 2005 reflects improved operating margins for domestic unit restaurants and our continued international expansion. We expect net unit growth of approximately 140 to 170 units during 2006.
We have continued to produce strong average sales from our domestic Company-owned restaurants even with a very competitive market environment. Our expansion strategy is to cluster restaurants in targeted markets, thereby increasing consumer awareness and enabling us to take advantage of operational, distribution and advertising efficiencies. Average annual Company-owned sales for our most recent quarters comparable base restaurants were $818,000 for 2005, compared to $737,000 for 2004 and $733,000 for 2003. Average sales volumes in new markets are generally lower than in those markets in which we have established a significant market position. The comparable annual sales for Company-owned restaurants increased 7.4% in 2005, increased 0.5% in 2004 and decreased 3.0% in 2003.
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We continually strive to obtain high-quality sites with good access and visibility, and to enhance the appearance and quality of our restaurants. We believe that these factors improve our image and brand awareness. The average cash investment for the restaurants in our most recent comparable sales base is $270,000. The average cash investment for the seven domestic Company-owned restaurants opened during 2005, exclusive of land, increased to approximately $241,000 from $232,000 for the six units opened in 2004. We expect the average cash investment for the anticipated 20 Company-owned restaurants opening in 2006 to be approximately $250,000.
Approximately 46% of our revenues for 2005, compared to 47% of our revenues for both 2004 and 2003, were derived from the sale to franchisees of food and paper products, printing and promotional items, risk management services and information systems equipment and software and related services by us, our commissary subsidiary, PJ Food Service, Inc. (PJFS), our support services subsidiary, Papa Johns Support Services, Inc., our insurance subsidiaries, RSC Insurance Services, Ltd. and Risk Services Corp. and our United Kingdom subsidiary, Papa Johns UK (PJUK). We believe that, in addition to supporting both Company and franchised growth, these subsidiaries contribute to product quality and consistency and restaurant profitability throughout the Papa Johns system.
Our fiscal year ends on the last Sunday in December of each year. All fiscal years presented consist of 52 weeks.
Results of Operations and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The results of operations are based on the preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to select accounting policies for critical accounting areas as well as estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. The Companys accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Significant changes in assumptions and/or conditions in our critical accounting policies could materially impact the operating results. We have identified the following accounting policies and related judgments as critical to understanding the results of our operations.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Notes Receivable
We establish reserves for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable based on overall receivable aging levels and a specific evaluation of accounts and notes for franchisees with known financial difficulties. These reserves and corresponding write-offs could significantly increase if the identified franchisees continue to experience deteriorating financial results.
Long-lived and Intangible Assets
The recoverability of long-lived assets is evaluated if impairment indicators exist. Indicators of impairment include historical financial performance, operating trends and our future operating plans. If impairment indicators exist, we evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets on an operating unit basis (e.g., an individual restaurant) based on undiscounted expected future cash flows before interest for the expected remaining useful life of the operating unit. Recorded values for long-lived assets that are not expected to be recovered through undiscounted future cash flows are written down to current fair value, which is generally determined from estimated discounted future net cash flows for assets held for use or net realizable value for assets held for sale.
The recoverability of intangible assets (i.e., goodwill) is evaluated annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, on a reporting unit basis by comparing the fair value derived from
discounted expected cash flows of the reporting unit to its carrying value. We recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $1.1 million associated with PJUK during the fourth quarter of 2005, reflecting our updated estimated fair value of PJUK.
We have developed strategic plans for PJUK to improve future operating results. These plans include selling the Perfect Pizza operations, consisting of the franchised units and related distribution operations, initiatives to increase brand awareness and increase net Papa Johns brand franchise unit openings over the next several years. If such initiatives, including the sale of the Perfect Pizza operations, are not successful, additional impairment charges may occur.
Our insurance programs for workers compensation, general liability, owned and non-owned automobiles and health insurance coverage provided to our employees are self-insured up to certain individual and aggregate reinsurance levels. Losses are accrued based upon estimates of the aggregate retained liability for claims incurred using certain third-party actuarial projections and our claims loss experience. The estimated insurance claims losses could be significantly affected should the frequency or ultimate cost of claims significantly differ from historical trends used to estimate the insurance reserves recorded by the Company.
From October 2000 through September 2004, our franchisee insurance program, which provides insurance to our franchisees, was self-insured. Beginning in October 2004, a third-party commercial insurance company began providing fully-insured coverage to franchisees participating in the franchise insurance program. Accordingly, this new agreement eliminates our risk of loss for franchise insurance coverage written after September 2004. Our operating income will still be subject to potential adjustments for changes in estimated insurance reserves for policies written from the inception of the Captive insurance company in October 2000 to September 2004. Such adjustments, if any, will be determined in part based upon periodic actuarial valuations.
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Tax Reserves
As of December 25, 2005, we had a net deferred income tax asset balance of $9.0 million, of which approximately $7.2 million relates to BIBPs net operating loss carryforward. We have not provided a valuation allowance for the deferred income tax assets related to BIBPs net operating losses, since we believe it is more likely than not that BIBPs future earnings will be sufficient to ensure the realization of the net deferred income tax assets for federal and state purposes.
BIBP is a franchisee-owned corporation that conducts a cheese-purchasing program on behalf of domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants. As required by the Financial Accounting Standards Boards (FASB) Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 (FIN 46), we began consolidating the financial results of BIBP in the fourth quarter of 2003. We recognized pre-tax income of approximately $4.5 million during 2005 and pre-tax losses of approximately $23.5 million during 2004 from the consolidation of BIBP. We expect the consolidation of BIBP to continue to have a significant impact on Papa Johns operating income in future periods due to the volatility of cheese prices. Papa Johns will recognize the operating losses generated by BIBP if the shareholders equity of BIBP is in a net deficit
position. Further, Papa Johns will recognize subsequent operating income generated by BIBP up to the amount of BIBP losses previously recognized by Papa Johns.
Accounting Changes
Interpretation No. 46 of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 (FIN 46)
As previously discussed, FIN 46 addresses the potential consolidation of variable interest entities (VIEs). The provisions of FIN 46 significantly alter the method for evaluating whether certain VIEs, as defined, should be consolidated in a companys financial statements. As noted above, we began consolidating BIBP at December 28, 2003. A cumulative effect adjustment was not required with the adoption of FIN 46 as BIBP had a surplus in stockholders equity at December 28, 2003. Papa Johns is also the primary beneficiary, as defined by FIN 46, of certain franchise entities that qualify as VIEs, even though we have no ownership interest in them. As of December 25, 2005, we are the primary beneficiary of three franchise entities (representing 14 restaurants) with annual revenues approximating $9.0 million. The consolidation of franchise entities deemed VIEs had no significant impact on our operating results during 2005 or 2004. We do not expect our future operating earnings to be significantly impacted by consolidating such entities.
Percentage Relationships and Restaurant Data and Unit Progression
The following tables set forth the percentage relationship to total revenues, unless otherwise indicated, of certain income statement data, and certain restaurant data for the years indicated.
Year Ended
Income Statement Data:
44.9
%
44.6
46.2
Variable interest entities restaurant sales
1.2
1.6
Franchise royalties
5.4
5.5
0.3
0.2
41.1
40.7
5.2
5.7
Royalties and franchise and development fees
0.7
0.5
0.4
Restaurant and commissary sales
100.0
Costs and expenses:
Domestic Company-owned restaurant cost of sales (1)
21.5
24.2
22.2
Domestic Company-owned restaurant operating expenses (1)
58.2
60.3
60.9
Variable interest entities restaurant expenses (2)
87.0
88.0
Domestic commissary and other expenses (3)
90.9
92.0
Loss (income) from the franchise cheese purchasing program, net of minority interest (4)
(0.5
1.8
International operating expenses (5)
98.9
104.8
General and administrative expenses
9.1
7.7
7.3
Other general expenses
Depreciation and amortization
3.0
3.4
3.5
Total costs and expenses
92.5
96.0
93.9
Operating income
7.5
4.0
6.1
Net interest expense
(0.3
(0.7
7.2
2.6
1.3
2.0
4.6
2.2
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Income before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle*
4.8
2.5
3.8
*The cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, as a percentage of sales, had less than a
10 basis point impact in 2003.
Restaurant Data:
Percentage increase (decrease) in comparable domestic Company-owned restaurant sales (6)
7.4
(3.0
)%
Number of Company-owned restaurants included in the respective most recent quarters comparable restaurant base
472
551
548
Average sales for Company-owned restaurants included in the most recent comparable restaurant base
818,000
737,000
733,000
Papa Johns Restaurant Progression:
U.S. Company-owned:
Beginning of period
568
585
Opened
Closed
(1
(5
(27
Acquired from franchisees
Sold to franchisees
(92
End of period
International Company-owned:
(7
U.S. franchised:
1,997
2,006
2,000
101
97
(73
(107
(50
Acquired from Company
92
Sold to Company
(20
International franchised:
214
198
70
(28
(23
Converted (7)
Total restaurants - end of period
2,926
2,829
2,790
28
Perfect Pizza Restaurant Progression (8):
Franchised
118
135
144
(11
(18
Total restaurants - end of period (8)
112
(1) As a percentage of Domestic Company-owned Restaurant sales.
(2) As a percentage of Domestic Variable interest entities restaurant sales.
(3) As a percentage of Domestic Commissary sales and Other sales on a combined basis.
(4) The loss (income) is a result of the consolidation of BIBP, a VIE. The sales reported by BIBP are eliminated in consolidation.
(5) As a percentage of International Restaurant and commissary sales.
(6) Includes only Company-owned restaurants open throughout the periods being compared.
(7) Represents Perfect Pizza restaurants converted to Papa Johns restaurants.
(8) The Perfect Pizza operations are classified as discontinued operations and the related assets as held for sale. See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
As required by FIN 46, our operating results include BIBPs operating results. The consolidation of BIBP had a significant impact on our operating results in both 2005 and 2004 and is expected to have a significant ongoing impact on our future operating results and income statement presentation as described below.
Consolidation accounting requires the net impact from the consolidation of BIBP to be reflected primarily in three separate components of our statement of income. The first component is the portion of BIBP operating income or loss attributable to the amount of cheese purchased by Company-owned restaurants during the period. This portion of BIBP operating income (loss) is reflected as a reduction (increase) in the Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses - cost of sales line item. This approach effectively reports cost of sales for Company-owned restaurants as if the purchasing arrangement with BIBP did not exist and such restaurants were purchasing cheese at the spot market prices (i.e., the impact of BIBP is eliminated in consolidation).
The second component of the net impact from the consolidation of BIBP is reflected in the caption Loss (income) from the franchise cheese-purchasing program, net of minority interest. This line item represents BIBPs income or loss from purchasing cheese at the spot market price and selling to franchised restaurants at a fixed quarterly price, net of any income or loss attributable to the minority interest BIBP shareholders. The amount of income or loss attributable to the BIBP shareholders depends on its cumulative shareholders equity balance and the change in such balance during the reporting period. The third component is reflected as investment income or interest expense depending upon whether BIBP is in a net investment or net borrowing position during the reporting period.
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In addition, Papa Johns has extended loans to certain franchisees. Under the FIN 46 rules, Papa Johns is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of certain franchisees even though we have no ownership interest in them. Beginning in the second quarter of 2004, FIN 46 required Papa Johns to recognize the operating income (losses) generated by four franchise entities operating a total of 33 restaurants with annual sales approximating $21.0 million. Effective at the beginning of the second quarter of 2005, one of these four franchise entities with 19 restaurants and annual revenues approximating $12.0 million, sold its restaurants to a third party. The loan from Papa Johns was partially repaid and the remainder was written off in connection with this sale. Accordingly, beginning in the second quarter of 2005, we were no longer required to consolidate the operating results of these 19 restaurants. The portion of the loan written off in connection with the second-quarter sale was fully reserved as of the end of the first quarter. The sale of these restaurants and related loan write-off did not have any significant impact on Papa Johns 2005 consolidated statement of income. The consolidation of the applicable franchise entities had no significant net impact on Papa Johns operating results.
The following table summarizes the impact of VIEs, prior to required consolidating eliminations, on our consolidated statements of income as of December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004:
Year Ended December 25, 2005
Year Ended December 26, 2004
(In thousands)
BIBP
Franchisees
Total
BIBP sales
151,903
138,202
163,616
152,589
Operating expenses
145,962
10,997
156,959
160,944
13,256
174,200
137
712
849
150
1,120
1,270
Other general expenses (income)
(75
(542
549
146,099
11,712
157,811
161,094
14,383
175,477
Operating income (loss)
5,804
5,805
(22,892
(22,888
(1,332
(1,333
(567
(4
(571
Income (loss) before income taxes
4,472
(23,459
Discontinued Operations
In the United Kingdom, the Company manages both the Papa Johns brand (89 units at the end of 2005) and the Perfect Pizza brand (112 units at the end of 2005). The United Kingdom subsidiary has reported deteriorating operating results for the past three years primarily due to lower sales by Perfect Pizza restaurants and a decrease in net franchise units due to restaurant closings. Recently, the Company developed a plan to sell its Perfect Pizza operations, consisting of the franchised units and related distribution operations. The Company believes the sale of the Perfect Pizza operations will be completed within the next 12 months. We have classified the Perfect Pizza operations, including directly associated G&A expenses, as discontinued operations and the associated assets as held for sale.
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The following summarizes the results of the discontinued operations for the last three years (in thousands):
2003
Net sales
13,632
17,080
17,255
8,837
10,392
10,659
G&A expenses
1,658
1,411
1,245
Other expenses
299
182
164
Income before income taxes
2,838
5,095
5,187
1,050
1,911
1,945
Net income from discontinued operations
Total revenues increased 4.7% to $968.8 million in 2005 compared to $925.3 million in 2004 primarily consisting of the following:
A $21.8 million increase in Company-owned restaurant revenues as compared to the prior year primarily due to an increase in comparable sales of 7.4%, partially offset by a decline in units due to the sale of 84 restaurants at the beginning of the fourth quarter in 2005. Comparable sales represents sales generated by restaurants open for the entire twelve-month period reported.
A $21.7 million increase in domestic commissary sales reflecting the impact of higher commodity prices, principally cheese.
These increases were partially offset by a decline in the Companys franchise insurance premium revenue and a $2.7 million reduction in variable interest entities restaurant sales due to the sale of one of the previously-consolidated franchise entities to a third party as of the beginning of the second quarter of 2005.
Our income from continuing operations before income taxes and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle totaled $69.6 million in 2005, as compared to $32.1 million in 2004. Excluding the impact of the consolidation of BIBP (pre-tax gain of $4.5 million or $0.08 per share in 2005 and a pre-tax loss of $23.5 million or $0.42 per share in 2004), 2005 income from continuing operations before income taxes and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle was $65.2 million, compared to $55.5 million in 2004. This increase of $9.7 million (excluding the consolidation of BIBP) was principally due to the following (analyzed on an operating segment basis see Note 22 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements):
Domestic Company-owned Restaurant Segment.Domestic Company-owned restaurants operating income increased $20.2 million over the prior year primarily due to the fixed cost leverage associated with an increase of 7.4% in comparable sales during 2005 and improved margin from an increase in restaurant pricing, partially offset by increased commodity costs (principally cheese). We implemented a delivery charge for the majority of Company-owned restaurants in June 2005, which allowed additional pricing flexibility that led to increased comparable transactions during the last half of 2005. Additionally, the Company-owned operating results include a gain of $2.2 million from the sale of 92 restaurants from three transactions.
Domestic Franchising Segment. Domestic franchising operating income increased $3.7 million primarily as a result of higher royalties due to an increase of 4.3% in comparable sales for domestic franchisees and lower administrative costs associated with franchise operations.
Domestic Commissary Segment. Domestic commissaries operating income increased $5.6 million primarily due to an improved operating margin and lower administrative costs, partially offset by increased distribution costs of $2.0 million as a result of higher fuel costs. The 2005 operating income also includes a pre-tax charge of $925,000 associated with the closing of the Jackson, Mississippi facility at the end of March 2005. The $925,000 pre-tax charge includes severance payments and a write-off of the remaining net book value of the property, net of salvage value.
International Segment. The international segment, which excludes the Perfect Pizza operations expected to be sold within the next 12 months, reported an operating loss of $5.0 million in 2005 compared to an operating loss of $4.3 million in 2004. The decrease in operating results is principally due to the previously mentioned $1.1 million impairment charge associated with the United Kingdom subsidiary.
All Others Segment. The operating income for the All others reporting segment increased approximately $1.7 million primarily due to increased sales from our print and promotions operations and an incremental $1.0 million charge incurred by the franchise insurance program during the second quarter of 2004 related to claims loss reserves.
Unallocated Corporate Segment. The favorable year-over-year impact on operating income of the above items was partially offset by an increase in unallocated corporate expenses of $20.1 million, primarily due to the following (in millions):
Increase
(Decrease)
Business unit and corporate management bonuses
Equity compensation and executive performance unit incentive plan
2.1
Professional fees
3.7
Employee benefits costs
Contribution to the Marketing Fund
Reduced allocation to operating units and other
Lease accounting adjustments recorded in 2004
(1.9
Total increase
20.1
The increase in business unit and corporate management bonuses is the result of meeting pre-established performance goals in 2005 as compared to minimal bonuses earned in 2004. The increased equity compensation charge is primarily related to the performance unit component of the 2005 executive incentive compensation program. The ultimate cost associated with the performance units is based on the Companys ending stock price and total shareholder return relative to a peer group over a three-year performance period ending in December 2007, with the awards paid in cash at the end of the performance period. There were no such performance units outstanding in 2004.
The increased professional fees are primarily related to consulting expenses associated with certain marketing and franchisee effectiveness projects. The increase in employee benefits costs consists primarily of payroll taxes associated with an increased level of stock option exercises and an increase in the employer portion of FICA taxes paid on employee tips and increased health insurance costs. The Company made a discretionary contribution to the Papa Johns Marketing Fund to fund an additional national television advertising flight in the fourth quarter of 2005 related to the launch of Papas Perfect Pan Pizza. The fourth-quarter 2004 results included certain lease and leasehold accounting adjustments amounting to $1.9 million.
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle were $1.29 (including an $0.08 per share gain from the consolidation of BIBP) in 2005, compared to $0.58 (including a $0.42 per share loss from the consolidation of BIBP) in 2004. In December 1999, we began a repurchase program for our common stock. Through December 25, 2005, an aggregate of $495.9 million of shares have been repurchased (representing 34.7 million shares, at an average price of $14.29 per share, as adjusted for the two-for-one common stock split effective subsequent to year-end). The share repurchase activity during 2005 increased earnings per share from continuing operations by approximately $0.04.
Revenues. Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales increased 5.3% to $434.5 million in 2005, from $412.7 million for the comparable period in 2004. The 5.3% increase is primarily due to a comparable sales increase of 7.4% in 2005, partially offset by a decrease in equivalent company-owned units due to the sale of 84 restaurants at the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2005. Equivalent units represents the number of restaurants open at the beginning of a given period, adjusted for restaurants opened, closed, acquired or sold during the period on a weighted average basis.
Variable interest entities restaurant sales include restaurant sales for franchise entities to which we have extended loans that qualify as VIEs. We began consolidating the operating results of these entities in the second quarter of 2004. Beginning in the second quarter of 2005, one of the franchise entities with 19 restaurants and annual revenues approximating $12.0 million, sold its restaurants to a third party. Accordingly, beginning in the second quarter of 2005, we were no longer required to consolidate the operating results of these 19 restaurants.
Domestic franchise sales increased 6.2% to $1.38 billion in 2005, from $1.30 billion for the comparable period in 2004 primarily resulting from a 4.3% increase in comparable sales, and an increase in equivalent units during 2005. Domestic franchise royalties increased 4.0% to $52.3 million from $50.3 million for the comparable period in 2004 primarily due to an increase in franchise sales, partially offset by an increase in waivers granted to certain franchisees.
The comparable sales base and average weekly sales for 2005 and 2004 for domestic Company-owned and domestic franchised restaurants consisted of the following:
Year EndedDecember 25, 2005
Year EndedDecember 26, 2004
Company-owned
Total domestic units (end of period)
Equivalent units
550
2,008
563
1,984
Comparable sales base units
540
1,885
1,892
Comparable sales base percentage
98.2
97.5
95.4
Average weekly sales - comparable units
15,283
13,451
14,172
12,733
Average weekly sales - other units
10,805
10,080
10,880
10,378
Average weekly sales - all units
15,199
13,245
14,089
12,623
Domestic franchise and development fees increased to $3.0 million for 2005, including approximately $850,000 recognized upon development cancellation or franchise renewal and transfer, from $2.5 million for the same period in 2004, including approximately $590,000 recognized upon development cancellation or franchise renewal and transfer. There were 101 domestic franchise unit openings in 2005 compared to 97 in 2004.
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Domestic commissary sales increased $21.8 million, or 5.8%, to $398.4 million for 2005, from $376.6 million for the comparable period in 2004, primarily due to the impact of an increase in commodity prices, primarily cheese, on commissary sales. Other sales decreased to $50.5 million for 2005, from $53.1 million for the comparable period in 2004, primarily as a result of a decrease in revenues associated with insurance-related services provided to franchisees.
International revenues consist primarily of the PJUK continuing operations, denominated in British Pounds Sterling and converted to U.S. dollars (approximately 74% of total 2005 international revenues). International revenues increased 16.7% to $18.4 million in 2005, from $15.8 million in 2004, primarily due to increased unit openings.
Costs and Expenses. The restaurant operating margin at domestic Company-owned units was 20.3% for 2005 compared to 15.5% in 2004, consisting of the following differences as a percentage of Company-owned restaurant sales:
Cost of sales were 2.7% lower as a percentage of sales in 2005 partially due to the impact of consolidating BIBP, which decreased cost of sales 0.3% in 2005 and increased cost of sales 1.5% in 2004. The remaining improvement in cost of sales not explained by the year-over-year impact of consolidating BIBP resulted principally from increases in restaurant pricing, partially offset by increases in commodities (primarily cheese).
Salaries and benefits were 1.4% lower as a percentage of sales in 2005, due to staffing efficiencies and the benefit of pricing increases.
Advertising and related costs as a percentage of sales were 0.6% lower in 2005, as compared to the corresponding 2004 period, reflecting leverage from increased sales.
Occupancy and other operating costs, on a combined basis, as a percentage of sales were 0.1% lower in 2005, reflecting the leverage from increased sales, partially offset by increased utilities.
Domestic commissary and other margin was 9.1% in 2005, compared to 8.0% in 2004. Cost of sales was 73.6% of revenues in 2005, compared to 72.1% for the same period in 2004, primarily due to higher cheese costs incurred by our commissaries (cheese has a fixed-dollar as opposed to fixed-percentage mark-up). Salaries and benefits as a percentage of sales were 6.4% in 2005, compared to 6.6% in 2004. Other operating expenses decreased to 10.9% in 2005, compared to 13.3% in 2004, primarily as a result of a decrease in claims loss reserves increases related to the franchise insurance program recorded in 2005 as compared to 2004 and the leverage from increased commissary sales, partially offset by increased distribution costs in 2005 as a result of higher diesel fuel prices.
We recorded income from the franchise cheese-purchasing program, net of minority interest, of $4.7 million in 2005, compared to a $16.6 million loss for the comparable period in 2004. These results represent the portion of BIBPs operating (income) loss related to the proportion of BIBP cheese sales to franchisees. The total impact of the consolidation of BIBP on Papa Johns pre-tax income was a gain of $4.5 million in 2005, compared to a loss of $23.5 million in 2004 (see the previous table which summarizes BIBPs operating results for 2005 and 2004).
General and administrative expenses were $88.5 million, or 9.1% of revenues for 2005, as compared to $71.0 million or 7.7% of revenues for 2004. The increase in 2005 is primarily attributable to the previously mentioned increases in unallocated corporate expenses, including bonuses paid to corporate and restaurant management, equity compensation expenses, employee benefits costs and professional fees.
34
Other general expenses reflected net expense of $6.9 million in 2005, as compared to $2.6 million in 2004. The 2005 amount included gains of $2.2 million on the sale of 92 Company-owned restaurants from three transactions, $141,000 of pre-opening costs, $2.1 million of disposition and valuation related losses for other assets, a $1.1 million goodwill impairment charge related to our United Kingdom subsidiary and $2.4 million in provisions for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable. The 2005 amount also includes a $1.8 million contribution made to the Marketing Fund and a $925,000 charge associated with the closing of the Jackson, Mississippi commissary facility at the end of March 2005. The 2004 amount included a net gain of $203,000 (primarily composed of a $280,000 gain on the sale of 49% of the Texas market), provisions for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable of $1.8 million, $112,000 of pre-opening costs and $1.8 million of disposition and valuation related losses for other assets, partially offset by a $550,000 gain on the sale of unused property.
Depreciation and amortization was $28.8 million (3.0% of revenues) for 2005, as compared to $31.2 million (3.4% of revenues) for 2004.
Net interest. Net interest expense was $3.1 million in 2005, compared to $4.6 million in 2004. The interest expense for 2005 and 2004 includes approximately $772,000 and $388,000, respectively, related to BIBPs debt with a third-party bank. The decline in 2005 net interest expense reflects the decline in our average outstanding debt balance, and an increase in investment income resulting from increased interest rates.
Income Tax Expense.The effective income tax rate was 36.4% for 2005 compared to 37.5% for 2004. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily related to an increase in FICA tax credits associated with an increase in the employer portion of FICA taxes paid on employee tips, which is reported in general and administrative expenses.
2004 Compared to 2003
Summary of Operating Results
Total revenues increased 2.8% to $925.3 million in 2004 compared to $900.1 million in 2003 primarily consisting of:
A $14.4 million increase due to the consolidation of 33 franchised restaurants beginning in the second quarter of 2004 resulting from the implementation of FIN 46.
An increase of $6.8 million in commissary sales reflecting the sales of promotional items (principally DVDs) and the impact of higher commodity prices, primarily cheese, partially offset by lower sales volumes.
A $3.0 million increase from the first quarter sales of promotional items associated with our March 2004 NCAA national basketball promotion.
These increases were partially offset by a decline in domestic Company-owned restaurant sales of $3.4 million in 2004, as compared to 2003, primarily as a result of the closing of restaurants during the last quarter of 2003.
Our income from continuing operations before income taxes and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle decreased 34.8% to $32.1 million in 2004, from $49.2 million in 2003. The decrease is principally due to the consolidation of BIBP in 2004, which resulted in a pre-tax loss of $23.5 million ($0.42 per share). The comparison of 2004 to 2003 was also impacted by the following:
The 2003 results included a $5.5 million restaurant closure, impairment and disposition charge (none of significance in 2004).
35
The 2003 results included a loss of $6.3 million from the franchise insurance program while the loss in 2004 was $1.1 million.
Net interest expense declined $1.6 million in 2004 due in part to the $625,000 benefit recorded pursuant to SFAS No. 150, associated with a change in a joint venture operating agreement during 2004, which eliminated a mandatory purchase requirement and related liability. The remainder of the decrease in interest expense is due to lower average debt balances and lower effective interest rates.
The 2003 results included a $1.0 million contribution to the Marketing Fund and a $500,000 sales incentive to franchisees as compared to a contribution of $400,000 to the Marketing Fund in 2004.
The favorable year over year impact of the above items was partially offset by a reduction in commissary results of approximately $5.1 million in 2004, as compared to 2003, as a result of lower sales volumes due to a reduction in the number of restaurant transactions.
The favorable impact was further offset by a reduction in full-year 2004 operating income of approximately $1.6 million, as a result of certain lease and leasehold accounting adjustments applicable to prior years.
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle were $0.58 compared to $0.85 in 2003. Through December 26, 2004, an aggregate of $420.5 million shares had been repurchased (representing 31.4 million shares, at an average price of $13.38 per share). The share repurchase activity increased earnings per share from continuing operations by approximately $0.01 for full year 2004.
Review of Operating Results
Revenues. Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales decreased 0.8% to $412.7 million in 2004, from $416.0 million for the comparable period in 2003. The 0.8% decrease is primarily due to a 2.3% decrease in equivalent units for 2004, as we closed 27 underperforming restaurants during 2003, partially offset by a 0.5% increase in comparable sales.
Variable interest entities restaurant sales include restaurant sales for four franchise entities to which we have extended loans that qualify as VIEs. We began consolidating the operating results of these entities in the second quarter of 2004.
Domestic franchise royalties increased 0.9% to $50.3 million from $49.9 million for the comparable period in 2003. Domestic franchise sales increased 0.9% to $1.30 billion in 2004, from $1.29 billion for the comparable period in 2003. The increase for the 2004 period is due to average unit volumes increasing slightly due to new units opening at higher sales levels relative to closed units.
36
The comparable sales base and average weekly sales for 2004 and 2003 for domestic corporate and franchised restaurants consisted of the following:
Year EndedDecember 28, 2003
577
1,990
560
1,908
97.1
95.9
13,959
12,552
10,956
10,706
13,872
12,476
Domestic franchise and development fees increased to $2.5 million for 2004, from $1.5 million for the same period in 2003. There were 97 domestic franchise unit openings in 2004 compared to 56 in 2003.
Domestic commissary sales increased 1.8% to $376.6 million for 2004, from $369.8 million for the comparable period in 2003, as the sales of promotional items (primarily DVDs) and the impact of higher cheese prices was substantially offset by lower volumes due to a decline in restaurant transactions. Other sales increased to $53.1 million for 2004, from $48.5 million for the comparable period in 2003, primarily as a result of an increase in revenues associated with insurance-related services provided to franchisees and the promotional item sales associated with our March 2004 NCAA basketball national promotion.
International revenues primarily consist of the PJUK continuing operations, denominated in British Pounds Sterling and converted to U.S. dollars (76% of total 2004 international revenues). International revenues increased 9.6% to $15.8 million in 2004, from $14.4 million in 2003, as revenues from increased franchise unit openings and the impact of a more favorable dollar/pound exchange rate were partially offset by a decrease in corporate restaurant revenues due to the operation of only one Company-owned restaurant during 2004 as compared to an average of five restaurants for the comparable period in 2003.
Costs and Expenses. The restaurant operating margin at domestic Company-owned units was 15.5% for 2004 compared to 16.9% in 2003, consisting of the following differences as a percent of Company-owned restaurant sales:
Cost of sales was 1.9% higher as a percentage of sales in 2004 primarily due to the consolidation of BIBP, which increased cost of sales 1.5% in 2004. The remaining 0.4% increase in cost of sales is due to higher cheese costs, partially offset by lower costs for other commodities as a result of various product cost savings initiatives and the impact of restaurant pricing increases.
Salaries and benefits were 0.9% lower as a percentage of sales in 2004 due to staffing efficiencies and leverage on restaurant pricing increases.
Advertising and related costs, occupancy costs and other operating expenses were relatively flat as a percentage of sales.
Domestic commissary and other margin was 8.0% for 2004 compared to 9.1% for 2003. Cost of sales was 72.1% of revenues in 2004 compared to 69.8% in 2003 primarily due to higher cheese costs incurred by our commissaries (cheese has a fixed-dollar, as opposed to fixed-percentage, mark-up) and increased sales of lower margin products, such as promotional items (principally DVDs and the items sold in the
first quarter related to the March 2004 NCAA national promotion). Salaries and benefits were lower as a percentage of sales, 6.6% in 2004 as compared to 6.9% in 2003 due to staffing efficiencies and the impact of higher cheese prices on sales. Other operating expenses decreased to 13.3% of sales in 2004 from 14.1% in 2003, primarily as a result of a $6.3 million increase in claims loss reserves in 2003 related to our franchise insurance program compared to a $1.1 million increase for 2004.
The loss from the franchise cheese-purchasing program, net of minority interest, was $16.6 million in 2004. This line item represents the portion of BIBP operating margin losses from purchasing cheese at the spot market price and selling to franchised restaurants at a fixed quarterly price, net of any loss attributable to the BIBP shareholders.
General and administrative expenses were $71.0 million or 7.7% of revenues for 2004 as compared to $65.9 million or 7.3% of revenues for 2003. This $5.1 million increase was primarily attributable to: the previously mentioned rent expense adjustment associated with leases amounting to $1.5 million (the remaining $400,000 of the adjustment associated with our review of leases was recorded in depreciation expense), a $1.8 million increase in bonuses to restaurant management who met pre-established goals for their operating units, a $1.6 million increase in compensation expense related to stock options awarded in late 2003 that vest over a 12-month period throughout 2004, a $1.1 million increase in administrative costs associated with our expanded domestic franchise sales efforts, $750,000 of severance and other costs associated with staffing reductions during the fourth quarter of 2004 and $1.3 million of administrative expenses associated with variable interest entities now required to be consolidated. These increases were partially offset by lower insurance and benefit costs, and savings related to various administrative efficiencies implemented throughout 2004.
Other general expenses reflected net expense of $2.6 million in 2004, as compared to $10.5 million in 2003. The 2004 amount included a net gain of $203,000 (primarily composed of a $280,000 gain on the sale of 49% of the Texas market, which occurred in the third quarter of 2004), provisions for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable of $1.8 million, $112,000 of pre-opening costs and $1.8 million of disposition and valuation related losses for other assets, partially offset by a $550,000 gain on the sale of unused property. The 2003 amount included a charge of $5.5 million, representing $3.2 million for 27 domestic closed restaurants and $2.5 million for 25 impaired domestic restaurants, partially offset by a $275,000 gain on the sale of seven U.K. restaurants, provisions for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable of $3.7 million, $192,000 of pre-opening costs, $346,000 of restaurant relocation costs, $1.1 million related to disposition or valuation losses for other assets, a $1.0 million contribution to the Papa Johns Marketing Fund to assist the system with costs incurred for national advertising and a $500,000 sales incentive program offered to our franchisees. The 2003 expenses were partially offset by $2.0 million of income derived from the settlement of a litigation matter.
Depreciation and amortization was $31.2 million (3.4% of revenues) for 2004, as compared to $31.1 million (3.5% of revenues) for 2003.
Net interest. Net interest expense was $4.6 million for 2004 as compared to $6.2 million in 2003, due in part to the $625,000 benefit recorded pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity (SFAS No. 150), associated with a change in a joint venture operating agreement during 2004, which eliminated a mandatory purchase requirement and related liability. Lower average debt outstanding during 2004 as compared to 2003 and a lower average effective interest rate for the 2004 outstanding debt also reduced net interest expense.
Income Tax Expense.The effective income tax rate was 37.5% for both 2004 and 2003.
38
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):
Revolving line of credit
49,000
78,500
Debt associated with VIEs *
6,100
15,709
Other
Less: current portion of debt
(6,100
(15,709
Long-term debt
49,016
78,521
*The VIEs third-party creditors do not have any recourse to Papa Johns.
In January 2006, we executed a five-year unsecured Revolving Credit Facility (New Credit Facility) totaling $175.0 million that replaced a $175.0 million Revolving Credit Facility (Old Credit Facility). Under the New Credit Facility, outstanding balances accrue interest at 50.0 to 100.0 basis points over the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or other bank developed rates at our option. The commitment fee on the unused balance ranges from 12.5 to 20.0 basis points. The increment over LIBOR and the commitment fee are determined quarterly based upon the ratio of total indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), as defined. Under the Old Credit Facility, outstanding balances accrued interest at 62.5 to 100.0 basis points over LIBOR. The commitment fee on the unused balance ranged from 15.0 to 20.0 basis points. The increment over LIBOR and the commitment fee were determined quarterly based upon the ratio of total indebtedness to EBITDA, as defined.
Cash flow from operating activitites from continuing operations increased to $82.1 million in 2005, compared to $38.6 million in 2004. The consolidation of BIBP increased cash flow from operations by approximately $4.5 million in 2005 and reduced cash flow from operations by approximately $23.5 million in 2004 (as reflected in the net income and deferred income taxes captions in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows). The primary reasons for the $15.5 million increase in cash flow from continuing operations in 2005 (prior to BIBP consolidation) were the above-noted increases in operating income from continuing operations, net of income taxes, favorable working capital changes, including income taxes, accounts receivable and prepaid expenses, and the tax benefit related to the exercise of non-qualified stock options.
Cash flow from operating activities from continuing operations decreased to $38.6 million in 2004 compared to $81.6 million in 2003. Approximately $23.5 million of the decrease is attributable to the consolidation of BIBP and the remaining decrease is primarily due to unfavorable working capital changes, including increased levels of prepaid insurance due to the timing of payments and general premium increases, increased accounts receivable due to an extension of the timing of collections of certain items (such as systems hardware and DVDs) from franchisees, and increased inventory levels due to a change in payment terms with a significant supplier and generally higher commodity costs (primarily cheese).
In the fourth quarter of 2005, we completed the sale of 84 Company-owned restaurants, with annual revenues approximating $53.0 million, in Colorado and Minnesota to a new franchise group, PJCOMN Acquisition Corporation, an affiliate of Washington, DC-based private equity firm Milestone Capital Management, LLC, pursuant to an agreement announced in August 2005. The total consideration was $12.0 million, including $1.0 million for prepaid royalties, and was received in cash at closing. The sale
of the restaurants, which resulted in a one-time gain of $1.1 million, did not have a significant impact on our fourth quarter 2005 recurring operating results.
In addition, at the end of the fourth quarter of 2005, we completed the sale of five Company-owned restaurants, with annual revenues approximating $4.0 million, in Florida. Total proceeds from the transaction were $1.3 million, which will be received in cash in fiscal 2006, as assignments from landlords are received. We recorded a gain of approximately $1.0 million in the fourth quarter from the sale of the five restaurants.
In the fourth quarter of 2005, Star Papa, our 51% owned joint venture operating Papa Johns restaurants in Texas, completed the acquisition of six independently-owned franchised Papa Johns restaurants located in the Austin, Texas area. We also completed two agreements to purchase 12 Papa Johns franchise restaurants located in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area during the fourth quarter. The total consideration for these 18 restaurants was $4.5 million in cash and the forgiveness of accounts receivable approximating $500,000. During the first quarter of 2006, we purchased an additional three restaurants in Philadelphia for $568,000. We plan to consolidate additional franchise units in the Philadelphia market as the opportunity arises and expect to build approximately 20 Company-owned units over the next four to five years in order to more quickly achieve greater market penetration and awareness. This buy and build approach may be used in additional under-penetrated domestic markets over time to enhance overall net unit growth and market development.
We require capital primarily for the development, acquisition, renovation and maintenance of restaurants, the development, renovation and maintenance of commissary and print and promotions facilities and equipment and the enhancement of corporate systems and facilities. Additionally, we began a common stock repurchase program in December 1999. During 2005, common stock repurchases of $75.3 million, net repayments of $29.5 million on our line of credit and $8.0 million in net payments on VIE associated debt and capital expenditures of $17.5 million were funded primarily by cash flow from operations, proceeds from stock option exercises, proceeds from the previously mentioned restaurant divestitures and available cash and cash equivalents.
Total 2006 capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $40.0 million to $50.0 million, compared to $17.5 million in 2005. The planned increase will support growth initiatives including the domestic Company-owned new unit growth, an expansion of printing capacity for the Support Services business unit, accelerated development of Papa Johns branded units in the United Kingdom and technical support assets for numerous areas of the business, including the online ordering function. In addition to the above-mentioned planned capital expenditures, we may consider international investments to accelerate growth of Papa Johns branded units in certain markets.
Our Board of Directors has authorized up to an aggregate of $525.0 million for the share repurchase program through December 31, 2006. At December 25, 2005, as adjusted for a two-for-one stock split with a record date of December 23, 2005, a total of 34.7 million shares have been repurchased for $495.9 million at an average price of $14.29 per share since the repurchase program started in 1999 (approximately 3.3 million shares in 2005, 4.3 million shares in 2004, 412,000 shares in 2003 and 26.7 million shares prior to 2003). Subsequent to year-end (through February 21, 2006), we acquired an additional 121,000 shares at an aggregate cost of $3.8 million. As of February 21, 2006, approximately $25.3 million remains available for repurchase of common stock under this authorization.
We expect to fund the planned capital expenditures and any additional share repurchases of our common stock for the next twelve months from operating cash flow and the $101.0 million remaining availability under our line of credit, reduced for certain outstanding letters of credit. Our debt, which is primarily due to the share repurchase program, was $55.1 million, including $6.1 million associated with BIBP, at
December 25, 2005, compared to $94.2 million, including $15.7 million associated with BIBP and other consolidated VIEs, at December 26, 2004.
Contractual obligations and payments as of December 25, 2005 due by year are as follows (in thousands):
Payments Due by Period
Less than1 Year
1-3Years
3-5Years
After5 Years
Contractual Obligations:
Revolving line of credit (1)
Operating leases
21,945
33,672
22,281
27,286
105,184
Total contractual obligations
33,688
71,281
154,200
(1) Excludes a fair value adjustment of $583,000 included in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet related to our interest rate swaps that hedge against the effect of rising interest rates on forecasted future borrowings.
As a result of assigning our interest in obligations under real estate leases as a condition to the sale of certain Company-owned restaurants, we remain contingently liable for payment under the lease agreements. These leases have varying terms, the latest of which expires in 2016. As of December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004, the potential amount of undiscounted payments we could be required to make in the event of non-payment by the primary lessee were $1.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Our franchisees are the primary lessees under the vast majority of these leases. We generally have cross-default provisions with these franchisees that would put them in default of their franchise agreement in the event of non-payment under the lease. We believe these cross-default provisions significantly reduce the risk that we will be required to make payments under these leases. Accordingly, the liability recorded for our exposure under such leases at December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004 was not significant.
We have certain other commercial commitments where payment is contingent upon the occurrence of certain events. Such commitments include the following by year (in thousands):
Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period
Other Commercial Commitments:
Standby letters of credit
37,950
See Notes 9, 12 and 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to contractual and other commitments.
The contractual obligations above exclude the debt, operating leases and other commercial commitments associated with VIEs. The third-party creditors and landlords of the VIEs do not have any recourse to Papa Johns.
Impact of Inflation
We do not believe inflation has materially affected earnings during the past three years. Substantial increases in costs, particularly commodities, labor, benefits, insurance, utilities and fuel, could have a significant impact on us.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain information contained in this annual report, particularly information regarding future financial performance and plans and objectives of management, is forward-looking. Certain factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to: the uncertainties associated with litigation; changes in pricing or other marketing or promotional strategies by competitors may adversely affect sales; new product and concept developments by food industry competitors; the ability of the Company and its franchisees to meet planned growth targets and operate new and existing restaurants profitably; increases in or sustained high levels of food, paper, utilities, fuel, employee compensation and benefits, insurance and similar costs; the ability to obtain ingredients from alternative suppliers if needed; health- or disease-related disruptions or consumer concerns about commodities supplies; economic, political and health conditions in the countries in which the Company or its franchisees operate; the selection and availability of suitable restaurant locations; negotiation of suitable lease or financing terms; constraints on permitting and construction of restaurants; higher-than-anticipated construction costs; the hiring, training and retention of management and other personnel; changes in consumer taste, demographic trends, traffic patterns and the type, number and location of competing restaurants; franchisee relations; federal and state laws governing such matters as wages, working conditions, citizenship requirements and overtime; and labor shortages in various markets resulting in higher required wage rates. The above factors might be especially harmful to the financial viability of franchises in under-penetrated or emerging markets, leading to greater unit closings than anticipated. Increases in projected claims losses for the Companys self-insured coverage or within the captive franchise insurance program could have a significant impact on our operating results. Our international operations are subject to additional factors, including currency regulations and fluctuations; differing business and social cultures and consumer preferences; diverse government regulations and structures; ability to source high-quality ingredients and other commodities in a cost-effective manner; and differing interpretation of the obligations established in franchise agreements with international franchisees.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our debt at December 25, 2005 was principally comprised of a $49.0 million outstanding principal balance on the $175.0 million unsecured revolving line of credit. The interest rate on the revolving line of credit is variable and is based on LIBOR plus a 62.5 to 100.0 basis point spread, tiered based upon debt and cash flow levels. In November 2001, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement that provided for a fixed rate of 5.31%, as compared to LIBOR, on $100.0 million of floating rate debt from March 2003 to March 2004, reducing to a notional value of $80.0 million from March 2004 to March 2005, and reducing to a notional value of $60.0 million in March 2005 with an expiration date of March 2006.
During the fourth quarter of 2005, we entered into a new interest rate swap agreement that provides for a fixed rate of 4.98%, as compared to LIBOR, on the following amount of floating rate debt:
March 15, 2006 to January 16, 2007
$50 million
January 16, 2007 to January 15, 2009
$60 million
January 15, 2009 to January 15, 2011
The effective interest rate on the line of credit, including the impact of the November 2001 interest rate swap agreement, was 5.61% as of December 25, 2005. An increase in the present interest rate of 100 basis points on the line of credit debt balance outstanding as of December 25, 2005, as mitigated by the interest rate swap based on present interest rates, would have no impact on interest expense since the debt balance is less than the $60.0 million notional amount. The annual impact of a 100-basis-point increase in interest rates on the debt associated with BIBP would be $61,000.
Substantially all of our business is transacted in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, foreign exchange rate fluctuations do not have a significant impact on our operating results.
Cheese costs, historically representing 35% to 40% of our total food cost, are subject to seasonal fluctuations, weather, availability, demand and other factors that are beyond our control. As previously discussed in Results of Operations and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, we have a purchasing arrangement with a third-party entity, BIBP, formed at the direction of our Franchise Advisory Council for the sole purpose of reducing cheese price volatility to domestic system-wide restaurants. Under this arrangement, domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants are able to purchase cheese at a fixed price per pound throughout a given quarter, based in part on historical average cheese prices. Gains and losses incurred by BIBP are used as a factor in determining adjustments to the selling price to restaurants over time. Accordingly, for any given quarter, the price paid by the domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants may be less than or greater than the prevailing average market price.
As a result of the adoption of FIN 46, Papa Johns began consolidating the operating results of BIBP in 2004. Consolidation accounting requires the portion of BIBP operating income (loss) related to domestic Company-owned restaurants to be reflected as a reduction (increase) in the Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses cost of sales line item, thus reflecting the actual market price of cheese had the purchasing arrangement not existed. The consolidation of BIBP had a significant impact on our operating results in 2005 and 2004 and is expected to have a significant impact on future operating results depending on the prevailing spot block market price of cheese as compared to the price charged to domestic restaurants. Over time, we expect BIBP to achieve break-even financial results.
The following table presents the actual average block price for cheese and the BIBP block price by quarter in 2005, 2004 and 2003:
Actual Block Price
BIBP Block Price
Quarter 1
1.539
1.426
1.115
1.520
1.220
1.159
Quarter 2
1.515
2.012
1.134
1.550
1.326
1.122
Quarter 3
1.485
1.528
1.536
1.677
1.556
1.242
Quarter 4
1.442
1.617
1.474
1.625
1.535
1.217
Full Year
1.495
1.646
1.315
1.593
1.409
1.185
The following table presents the block price for cheese and the BIBP block price by quarter as projected through 2006 (based on the February 21, 2006 Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) milk futures market prices):
Block Price
Projected2006
BIBP2006
1.320
1.548
1.250
1.482
1.310
1.523
1.421
1.300
1.494
*Amounts are estimates based on futures prices.
The following table presents the 2004 and 2005 impact by quarter on our pre-tax income due to consolidating BIBP. Additionally, based on the CME milk futures market prices as of February 21, 2006, and the actual first and second quarter 2006 and projected third and fourth quarter 2006 cheese costs to restaurants as determined by the BIBP pricing formula, the consolidation of BIBP is projected to increase (decrease) our pre-tax income as follows in 2006 (in thousands):
Actual2005
Actual2004
6,119
(1,595
(1,645
5,962
(185
(18,342
4,922
3,044
(506
2,644
3,208
(2,966
19,647
*The projections above are based upon current futures market prices. Historically, actual results have been subject to large fluctuations and have differed significantly from previous projections using the futures market prices.
Over the long term, we expect to purchase cheese at a price approximating the actual average market price and therefore we do not generally make use of financial instruments to hedge commodity prices.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report have been prepared by management, which is responsible for their preparation, integrity and fair presentation. The statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of an internal control system may vary over time.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2005 based on the framework in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that evaluation, our management concluded our internal control over financial reporting was effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as of December 25, 2005.
Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited and reported on the consolidated financial statements of Papa Johns International, Inc. and managements assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The reports of Ernst & Young LLP are contained in this Annual Report.
/s/ Nigel Travis
/s/ J. David Flanery
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Papa Johns International, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Papa Johns International, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 25, 2005. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Papa Johns International, Inc. and subsidiaries at December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 25, 2005, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of Papa Johns International, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2005, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 21, 2006 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Louisville, Kentucky
February 21, 2006
46
We have audited managements assessment, included in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, appearing under Item 8 of Part II of this Form 10-K, that Papa Johns International, Inc. maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2005, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Papa Johns International, Inc.s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on managements assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating managements assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, managements assessment that Papa Johns International, Inc. maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2005, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the COSO criteria. Also, in our opinion, Papa Johns International, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2005, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Papa Johns International, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 25, 2005 and our report dated February 21, 2006, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
47
Papa Johns International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
December 25,2005
December 26,2004
December 28,2003
Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses:
Cost of sales
93,255
99,743
92,488
Salaries and benefits
131,654
130,642
135,295
Advertising and related costs
37,942
38,258
38,329
Occupancy costs
26,392
25,950
25,406
Other operating expenses
57,117
54,015
54,405
Total domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses
346,360
348,608
345,923
Variable interest entities restaurant expenses
10,188
12,667
Domestic commissary and other expenses:
330,495
309,746
292,226
28,583
28,458
28,925
49,140
57,100
59,127
Total domestic commissary and other expenses
408,218
395,304
380,278
Loss (income) from the franchise cheese purchasing program, net of minority interest
(4,662
16,599
International operating expenses
11,865
10,632
11,077
88,464
71,047
65,946
6,905
2,648
10,487
28,750
31,159
31,059
896,088
888,664
844,770
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle
Cumulative effect of accounting change, net of tax
Basic earnings per common share
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
Diluted weighted average shares oustanding
Supplemental data (see Note 16):
Revenues - affiliates
69,134
72,049
88,056
Other income - affiliates
378
270
285
See accompanying notes.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
22,098
14,698
Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $6,379 in 2005 and $5,359 in 2004)
18,937
23,748
Accounts receivable-affiliates (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,022 in 2005 and $525 in 2004)
2,363
2,712
Inventories
26,030
22,851
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
13,456
15,208
Deferred income taxes
7,085
7,624
Assets of discontinued operations held for sale
2,039
2,303
Total current assets
92,008
89,144
Investments
6,282
8,552
Net property and equipment
178,447
196,795
Notes receivable-franchisees (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,499 in 2005 and $1,278 in 2004)
5,017
6,828
Notes receivable-affiliates
2,650
1,899
6,117
Goodwill
41,878
42,627
Other assets
13,772
15,672
8,609
8,752
Liabilities and stockholders equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
28,937
35,934
Income and other taxes
16,862
17,270
Accrued expenses
49,634
44,771
Current portion of debt
Total current liabilities
101,533
113,684
Unearned franchise and development fees
7,256
8,208
Long-term debt, net of current portion
Other long-term liabilities
31,478
34,851
Stockholders equity:
Preferred stock ($.01 par value per share; no shares issued)
Common stock ($.01 par value per share; issued 33,081 in 2004 and 64,967 in 2004)
331
650
Additional paid-in capital
160,999
242,331
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(290
(555
Retained earnings
239
317,142
Treasury stock (31,507 shares in 2004, at cost)
(420,345
Total liabilities and stockholders equity
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity
CommonStockSharesOutstanding
CommonStock
AdditionalPaid-InCapital
AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncome (Loss)
RetainedEarnings
TreasuryStock
TotalStockholdersEquity
Balance at December 29, 2002
36,082
628
211,793
(5,314
260,358
(345,518
Comprehensive income:
Change in valuation of interest rate collar and swap agreements, net of tax of $1,122
1,831
Other, net
367
Comprehensive income
35,761
Exercise of stock options
556
6,613
6,619
Tax benefit related to exercise of non-qualified stock options
Acquisition of Company common stock
(412
(5,916
321
Balance at December 28, 2003
36,226
634
219,267
(3,116
293,921
(351,434
Change in valuation of interest rate swap agreement, net of tax of $1,368
2,233
328
25,782
1,534
18,170
18,186
2,869
(4,300
(68,911
2,025
Balance at December 26, 2004
33,460
Change in valuation of interest rate swap agreement, net of tax of $376
598
(333
46,321
Issuance of common shares from treasury stock
1,000
1,001
2,832
42,067
42,095
5,629
(3,266
(75,325
Retire treasury stock
(348
(131,363
(362,959
494,670
2,335
Balance at December 25, 2005
33,081
At December 28, 2003, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $3,116 was comprised of net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreement of $3,198 and net unrealized loss on investments of $19, net of unrealized foreign currency translation gains of $101.
At December 26, 2004, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $555 was comprised of a net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreement of $965 and a net unrealized loss on investments of $22, partially offset by unrealized foreign currency translation gains of $432.
At December 25, 2005, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $290 was comprised of a net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreement of $367 and a net unrealized loss on investments of $28, partially offset by unrealized foreign currency translation gains of $105.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Operating activities
Income from continuing operations
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Restaurant closure, impairment and disposition losses (gains)
(2,039
(203
5,469
Impairment charge
Provision for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable
4,367
2,799
4,707
4,385
(16,280
1,037
2,995
1,736
491
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
(231
(10,476
(6,199
(3,811
(5,927
332
2,715
(3,247
1,987
Other assets and liabilities
(2,971
(795
9,570
(5,860
6,082
3,479
(408
5,199
(4,160
4,230
3,348
581
(952
2,298
1,996
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations
82,117
38,599
81,623
Operating cash flows from discontinued operations
2,168
3,183
3,218
Net cash provided by operating activities
84,285
41,782
84,841
Investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment
(17,546
(20,950
(16,315
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
3,648
106
Purchase of investments
(8,565
(6,049
(738
Proceeds from sale or maturity of investments
5,014
975
Loans to franchisees and affiliates
(5,875
(3,648
(1,575
Loan repayments from franchisees and affiliates
7,434
4,144
2,701
Acquisitions
(4,475
(150
Proceeds from divestitures of restaurants
11,000
910
Net cash used in investing activities
(7,086
(17,763
(14,086
Financing activities
Net proceeds (repayments) on line of credit facility
(29,500
17,500
(78,600
Net proceeds (repayments) from short-term debt - variable interest entities
(7,975
14,032
Payments on long-term debt
(253
(235
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Proceeds from formation of joint venture
2,500
300
(31
316
Net cash used in financing activities
(69,404
(16,977
(77,816
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(395
387
Change in cash and cash equivalents
7,400
7,373
(6,674
Cash resulting from consolidation of variable interest entities
254
4,246
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
7,071
9,499
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
51
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Description of Business
Papa Johns International, Inc. (referred to as the Company, Papa Johns or in the first person notations of we, us and our) operates and franchises pizza delivery and carryout restaurants under the trademark Papa Johns, currently in 49 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and 22 countries. We also operate and franchise pizza delivery and carryout restaurants under the trademark Perfect Pizza in the United Kingdom. Substantially all revenues are derived from retail sales of pizza and other food and beverage products to the general public by Company-owned restaurants, franchise royalties, sales of franchise and development rights, and sales to franchisees of food and paper products, restaurant equipment, printing and promotional items, risk management services, and information systems and related services used in their operations.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Papa Johns and its subsidiaries. We began consolidating BIBP Commodities, Inc. (BIBP), a variable interest entity (VIE) as of December 28, 2003; and we began consolidating the financial results of franchise entities deemed VIEs in the second quarter of 2004. The results of our insurance subsidiary, RSC Insurance Services, Ltd. (RSC), are consolidated one quarter in arrears. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Fiscal Year
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Franchise fees are recognized when a franchised restaurant begins operations, at which time we have performed our obligations related to such fees. Fees received pursuant to development agreements which grant the right to develop franchised restaurants in future periods in specific geographic areas are deferred and recognized on a pro rata basis as the franchised restaurants subject to the development agreements begin operations. Both franchise and development fees are nonrefundable. Retail sales from Company-owned restaurants and franchise royalties, which are based on a percentage of franchise restaurants sales, are recognized as revenues when the products are delivered to or carried out by customers.
Domestic production and distribution revenues are comprised of food, promotional items, and supplies sales to franchised restaurants located in the United States and are recognized as revenue upon shipment of the related products to the franchisees. Information services, including software maintenance fees, help desk fees and online ordering fees are recognized as revenue as the related services are provided. Insurance premiums and commissions are recognized as revenue over the term of the policy period.
International revenues are comprised of restaurant sales, royalties and fees received from foreign franchisees and the sale and distribution of food to foreign franchisees, and are recognized consistently with the policies applied for revenues generated in the United States.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturity of three months or less at date of purchase. These investments are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.
We determine the appropriate classification of investment securities at the time of purchase and reevaluate such designation as of each balance sheet date.
Investments are comprised of U.S. government agency securities with maturity dates throughout 2006 and are held by RSC. Such investments are designated for the purpose of funding insurance claim payments and are not available for general use. The investments are classified as available for sale securities and are stated at fair value, which approximates carrying value, based upon quoted market prices.
Accounts Receivable
Substantially all accounts receivable are due from franchisees for purchases of food, paper products, restaurant equipment, printing and promotional items, risk management services, information systems and related services, and for royalties from December sales. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the franchisees financial condition and, generally, collateral is not required. A reserve for uncollectible accounts is established as deemed necessary based upon overall accounts receivable aging levels and a specific review of accounts for franchisees with known financial difficulties.
Inventories, which consist of food products, paper goods and supplies, smallwares, restaurant equipment and printing and promotional items, are stated at the lower of cost, determined under the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, or market.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (generally five to ten years for restaurant, commissary and other equipment, and 20 to 40 years for buildings and improvements). Leasehold improvements are amortized over the terms of the respective leases, including the first renewal period (generally five to ten years).
Depreciation expense was $26.2 million in 2005, $29.1 million in 2004 and $30.3 million in 2003.
53
We account for leases in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 13, Accounting for Leases, and other related guidance. SFAS No. 13 requires lease expense to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected life of the lease term. A lease term often includes option periods, available at the inception of the lease, when failure to renew the lease would impose a penalty to us. Such penalty may include the recognition of impairment on our leasehold improvements should we choose not to continue the use of the leased property.
During the fourth quarter of 2004, we completed a comprehensive review of our accounting for leases and leasehold improvements, including the recognition of incentive payments received from landlords. We determined leasehold improvements were in some cases amortized over a longer period than the remaining underlying lease term, and that straight-line lease expense was in some cases calculated over an insufficient expected remaining lease term. As a result, we recorded a cumulative adjustment of $1.9 million, of which $1.5 million was recorded as an increase to rent expense in general and administrative expenses and $400,000 was recorded as an increase to depreciation expense in depreciation and amortization in the accompanying 2004 consolidated statements of income. Approximately $1.6 million of the adjustment was related to years prior to 2004 and was not considered material to any of the prior period financial statements to warrant a restatement of those financial statements. There was no significant impact on the 2005 income statement associated with the change in accounting for leases.
Long-Lived and Intangible Assets
The recoverability of long-lived assets is evaluated annually or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Indicators of impairment include historical financial performance, operating trends and our future operating plans. If impairment indicators exist, we evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets on an operating unit basis (e.g., an individual restaurant) based on undiscounted expected future cash flows before interest for the expected remaining useful life of the operating unit. Recorded values for long-lived assets that are not expected to be recovered through undiscounted future cash flows are written down to current fair value, which is generally determined from estimated discounted future net cash flows for assets held for use or net realizable value for assets held for sale (see Note 8).
The recoverability of intangible assets (i.e., goodwill) is evaluated annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, on a reporting unit basis by comparing the fair value derived from discounted cash flows of the reporting unit to its carrying value. Our United Kingdom subsidiary, PJUK, has reported deteriorating operating results for the past three years primarily due to lower sales by Perfect Pizza restaurants and a decrease in net franchise units due to restaurant closings. Based on our updated analysis of PJUKs estimated fair value during the fourth quarter of 2005, we concluded that an impairment charge of $1.1 million was necessary, which is included in other general expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (no goodwill impairment charge was incurred in 2004 or 2003).
We have developed strategic plans for PJUK to improve future operating results. These plans include selling the Perfect Pizza operations, consisting of the franchised units and related distribution operations, initiatives to increase brand awareness and increase net Papa Johns brand franchise unit openings over the next several years. If such initiatives, including the sale of the Perfect Pizza operations, are not successful, additional impairment charges may occur. See Note 7 for additional information concerning our carrying value for goodwill.
54
We recognize the costs associated with restaurant closures at the time such costs are actually incurred, as required by SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities, generally expected to be at the time the closing occurs. We recognized closure charges of $77,000 and $3.2 million in 2004 and 2003, respectively, (none in 2005), which are included in other general expenses in the consolidated statements of income (see Note 8).
A business component that either has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale is accounted for as a discontinued operation if the cash flow of the component has been or will be eliminated from the ongoing operations of the Company and the Company will no longer have any significant continuing involvement in the business. The results of operations of the discontinued operations through the date of sale, including any gain or loss on disposition, are aggregated and presented on a separate line in the income statement. Prior to dispositions, the assets and liabilities of discontinued operations are aggregated and reported on separate lines in the balance sheet. In 2005, we have separately disclosed the operating activities of the cash flows attributable to our discontinued operations, which in prior periods were recorded on a combined basis as a single amount. There was not an impact on our financing and investing activities associated with the discontinued operations for the three years presented in the statements of cash flows. We have classified our Perfect Pizza operations as discontinued since we have developed a plan to sell this business in the next 12 months (see Note 4).
Deferred Costs
We defer certain systems development and related costs that meet established criteria. Amounts deferred, which are included in property and equipment, are amortized principally over periods not exceeding five years beginning in the month subsequent to completion of the related systems project. Total costs deferred were approximately $566,000 in 2005, $489,000 in 2004 and $723,000 in 2003.
We also defer the incremental direct costs associated with selling development agreements to domestic and international franchisees. These deferred costs, included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, are amortized in proportion to revenue recognized. Total costs deferred, net of amortization, were approximately $145,000 in 2005, $1.0 million in 2004 and $937,000 in 2003.
We provide reserves for potential exposures when we consider it probable that a taxing authority may take a sustainable position on a matter contrary to our filed position. We evaluate these issues on a quarterly basis to adjust for events, such as court rulings or audit settlements that may impact our ultimate payment for such exposures.
We recorded net deferred income tax assets of $9.0 million and $13.7 million in 2005 and 2004, respectively, of which approximately $7.2 million and $8.8 million in 2005 and 2004, respectively, related to BIBPs net operating loss carryforward. We have not provided a valuation allowance for the deferred income tax assets related to BIBPs net operating losses, since we believe it is more likely than not that BIBPs future earnings will be sufficient to ensure the realization of the net deferred income tax assets for federal and state purposes.
Advertising and Related Costs
Advertising and related costs include the costs of domestic Company-owned restaurant activities such as mail coupons, door hangers and promotional items and contributions to the Papa Johns Marketing Fund, Inc. (the Marketing Fund) and local market cooperative advertising funds (Co-op Funds). Contributions by domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants to the Marketing Fund and the Co-op Funds are based on an established percentage of monthly restaurant revenues. The Marketing Fund is responsible for developing and conducting marketing and advertising for the Papa Johns system. The Co-op Funds are responsible for developing and conducting advertising activities in a specific market, including the placement of electronic and print materials developed by the Marketing Fund. We recognize domestic Company-owned restaurant contributions to the Marketing Fund and the Co-op Funds in which we do not have a controlling interest in the period in which the contribution accrues.
The local currency is the functional currency for our foreign subsidiary, PJUK. Earnings are translated into U.S. dollars using monthly average exchange rates, while balance sheet accounts are translated using year-end exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Effective at the beginning of fiscal 2002, we elected to expense the cost of employee stock options in accordance with the fair value method contained in SFAS No. 123, Accounting and Disclosure of Stock-Based Compensation. Under SFAS No. 123, the fair value for options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton (Black-Scholes) option pricing model which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. The election was effective as of the beginning of fiscal 2002 and applies to all stock options issued after the effective date.
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment,which is a revision of FASB Statement No. 123. We expect to continue using the Black-Scholes option pricing model upon the required adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) at the beginning of fiscal 2006. If we had adopted SFAS No. 123(R) in prior years, the impact of that standard would have approximated the impact of SFAS No. 123 as described in the following paragraph. SFAS 123(R) also requires the benefit of tax deductions related to stock option exercises in excess of recognized compensation expense to be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow as required currently. This requirement will reduce net operating cash flows and increase net financing cash flows in periods after the adoption. While we cannot estimate what those amounts will be in the future (because they depend on, among other things, when employees exercise stock options), the amount of the tax deductions recognized from the exercise of stock options in operating cash flows were $5.6 million in 2005, $2.9 million in 2004 and $540,000 in 2003.
The following table illustrates the effect on income and earnings per share, as adjusted for the two-for-one common stock split described in Note 3 and before income from discontinued operations, net of tax and the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, if the fair value based method had been applied to all outstanding and unvested awards in 2005, 2004 and 2003:
(in thousands, except per share data and assumptions)
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle (as reported)
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of related tax effects
1,499
1,286
152
Deduct: Stock-based employee compensation expense determined under the fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects
(1,508
(1,312
(383
Pro forma income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
44,259
20,011
30,503
Earnings per share - income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle:
Basic
Basic - pro forma
Assuming dilution
Assuming dilution - pro forma
Assumptions (weighted average):
Risk-free interest rate
3.9
2.7
1.9
Expected dividend yield
0.0
Expected volatility
0.30
0.31
0.32
Expected life (in years)
We recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges must be adjusted to fair value through income. If the derivative meets the hedge criteria as defined by certain accounting standards, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are either offset against the change in fair value of assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivatives change in fair value, if any, is immediately recognized in earnings.
In November 2001, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement (Swap) that provides for a fixed rate of 5.31%, as compared to LIBOR, on $100.0 million of floating rate debt from March 2003 to March 2004, reducing to a notional value of $80.0 million from March 2004 to March 2005, and reducing to a notional value of $60.0 million in March 2005 with an expiration date of March 2006.
$ 50 million
$ 60 million
The purpose of the Swap is to provide a hedge against the effects of rising interest rates on the forecasted future borrowings.
We recognized $974,000 ($598,000 after tax) in 2005, $3.6 million ($2.2 million after tax) in 2004 and $3.0 million ($1.8 million after tax) in 2003 in accumulated other comprehensive income for the net change in fair value of our derivatives associated with our debt agreements. Fair value is based on quoted market prices. See Note 9 for additional information on our debt and credit arrangements.
The calculations of basic earnings per common share and earnings per common share assuming dilution, as adjusted for the two-for-one stock split discusssed in Note 3 and before the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and income from discontinued operations, for the years ended December 25, 2005, December 26, 2004 and December 28, 2003 are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
Weighted average shares outstanding
Dilutive effect of outstanding common stock options
722
396
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
Options to purchase common stock with an exercise price greater than the average market price for the year were not included in the computation of the dilutive effect of common stock options because the effect would have been antidilutive. The weighted average number of antidilutive options was 48,000 in 2005, 1.5 million in 2004 and 4.4 million in 2003.
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and ErrorCorrections a Replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No.3. This statement requires that an entity apply the retrospective method in reporting a change in an accounting principle of the reporting entity. The standard only allows for a change in accounting principle if it is required by a newly issued accounting pronouncement or the entity can justify the use of an allowable alternative accounting principle on the basis that it is preferable. This statement also requires that corrections for errors discovered in prior period financial statements be reported as a prior period adjustment by restating the prior period financial statements. Additional disclosures are required when a change in accounting principle or reporting entity occurs, as well as when a correction for an error is reported. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 154 in fiscal 2006 to have a material impact on our financial statements.
Certain prior year data has been reclassified to conform to the 2005 presentation.
3. Two-for-One Common Stock Split and Authorized Shares
The Company has authorized 5.0 million preferred shares and 50.0 million common shares (such authorization was not impacted by the two-for-one common stock split described below). The Companys outstanding common shares, net of repurchased treasury stock, were 33.1 million at December 25, 2005 and 33.5 million at December 26, 2004. There were no preferred shares issued or outstanding at December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004.
In December 2005, our Board of Directors approved a two-for-one stock split of our outstanding shares of common stock. The stock split was effected in the form of a stock dividend and entitled each shareholder of record at the close of business on December 23, 2005 to receive one additional share for every outstanding share of common stock held on the record date. The stock dividend was distributed on January 13, 2006 with approximately 16.5 million shares of common stock distributed. All per share and share amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes to the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the stock split.
In conjunction with the stock split, we retired all shares held in treasury as of December 23, 2005.
59
4. Discontinued Operations
Recently, the Company developed a plan to sell its Perfect Pizza operations, consisting of the franchised units and related distribution operations. We have classified our Perfect Pizza operations as discontinued since we expect to sell this business in the next 12 months. The following summarizes the results of the discontinued operations for the last three years (in thousands):
The associated assets of the Perfect Pizza operations, which are reflected as assets of the discontinued operations held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are as follows (in thousands):
1,735
1,924
304
379
Net Property and Equipment
165
308
8,444
10,648
11,055
5. Accounting for Variable Interest Entities
In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 (FIN 46). In December 2003, the FASB modified FIN 46 to make certain technical corrections and address certain implementation issues that had arisen. FIN 46 provides a new framework for identifying variable interest entities (VIEs) and determining when a company should include the assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests and results of activities of a VIE in its consolidated financial statements.
In general, a VIE is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust, or any other legal structure used to conduct activities or hold assets that either (1) has an insufficient amount of equity to carry out its principal activities without additional subordinated financial support, (2) has a group of equity owners that are unable to make significant decisions about its activities, or (3) has a group of equity owners that do not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive returns generated by its operations.
60
FIN 46 requires a VIE to be consolidated if a party with an ownership, contractual or other financial interest in the VIE (a variable interest holder) is obligated to absorb a majority of the risk of loss from the VIEs activities, is entitled to receive a majority of the VIEs residual returns (if no party absorbs a majority of the VIEs losses), or both. A variable interest holder that consolidates the VIE is called the primary beneficiary. Upon consolidation, the primary beneficiary generally must initially record all of the VIEs assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interests at fair value and subsequently account for the VIE as if it were consolidated based on majority voting interest. FIN 46 also requires disclosures about VIEs that the variable interest holder is not required to consolidate but in which it has a significant variable interest.
We have a purchasing arrangement with BIBP, a special purpose entity formed at the direction of our Franchise Advisory Council in 1999, for the sole purpose of reducing cheese price volatility to domestic system-wide restaurants. BIBP is an independent franchisee-owned corporation. BIBP purchases cheese at the market price and sells it to our distribution subsidiary, PJ Food Service, Inc. (PJFS), at a fixed quarterly price based in part upon historical average market prices. PJFS in turn sells cheese to Papa Johns restaurants (both Company-owned and franchised) at a set quarterly price. PJFS purchased $151.9 million, $138.2 million and $126.7 million of cheese from BIBP during 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
As defined by FIN 46, we are the primary beneficiary of BIBP, a VIE, and we began consolidating the balance sheet of BIBP as of December 28, 2003. A cumulative effect adjustment was not required upon initial consolidation because BIBP had a surplus in stockholders equity at the December 28, 2003 adoption date, and such surplus is reflected as a minority interest liability in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 28, 2003.
We recognize the operating losses generated by BIBP if BIBPs shareholders equity is in a net deficit position. Further, we will recognize the subsequent operating income generated by BIBP up to the amount of any losses previously recognized. We recognized pre-tax gains of $4.5 million ($2.8 million net of tax, or $0.08 per share) and pre-tax losses of $23.5 million ($14.7 million net of tax, or $0.42 per share) in 2005 and 2004, respectively, reflecting BIBPs operating income (losses), net of BIBPs shareholders equity. The impact on future operating income from the consolidation of BIBP is expected to continue to be significant for any given reporting period due to the noted volatility of the cheese market, but is not expected to be cumulatively significant over time.
BIBP has an $18.0 million line of credit with a commercial bank, which is not guaranteed by Papa Johns. Papa Johns has agreed to provide additional funding in the form of a loan to BIBP. As of December 25, 2005, BIBP had borrowings of $6.1 million and a letter of credit of $3.0 million outstanding under the commercial line of credit facility and $13.1 million under the line of credit from Papa Johns (the $13.1 million outstanding balance under the line of credit is eliminated upon consolidation of the financial results of BIBP with Papa Johns). As of December 26, 2004, BIBP had borrowings of $14.1 million and a letter of credit of $3.0 million outstanding under the commercial line of credit facility and $10.0 million under the line of credit from Papa Johns at December 26, 2004 (the $10.0 million outstanding balance under the line of credit is eliminated upon consolidation of the financial results of BIBP with Papa Johns). BIBP had outstanding borrowings of $12.4 million under the commercial bank facility and $8.3 million under the line of credit from Papa Johns as of February 21, 2006.
In addition, Papa Johns has extended loans to certain franchisees. Under FIN 46, Papa Johns is deemed the primary beneficiary of three franchise entities as of December 25, 2005 and four franchise entities as of December 26, 2004, even though we have no ownership interest in them. Effective at the beginning of the second quarter of 2005, one of the franchisees, with 19 restaurants and annual revenues approximating $12.0 million, sold its restaurants to a third party. The loan from Papa Johns was partially repaid and the remainder was written off in connection with the sale. The portion of the loan written off in connection with the second quarter sale was fully reserved as of the end of the first quarter. Accordingly, the financial statements include the operating results of this entity for only the first quarter of 2005. The sale of these restaurants and related loan write-off did not have any significant impact on Papa Johns consolidated operating results.
The three remaining franchise entities consolidated at December 25, 2005 operate a total of 14 restaurants with annual revenues approximating $9.0 million. Our net loan balance receivable from these three entities was $1.4 million at December 25, 2005, with no further funding commitments. The consolidation of the franchise entities has had no significant impact on Papa Johns operating results and is not expected to have a significant impact in future periods.
The following table summarizes the balance sheets for our consolidated VIEs as of December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004:
December 25, 2005
December 26, 2004
Assets:
174
1,666
115
1,781
Accounts receivable - Papa Johns
5,484
6,484
1,315
435
1,750
193
594
787
1,195
3,794
460
2,752
7,153
8,817
13,952
2,294
16,246
17,160
7,314
24,474
Liabilities and stockholders equity (deficit):
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
6,693
440
7,133
7,777
1,260
9,037
Short-term debt - third party
14,075
1,634
Short-term debt - Papa Johns
13,053
1,532
14,585
10,000
3,575
13,575
Total liabilities
25,846
1,972
27,818
31,852
6,469
38,321
Stockholders equity (deficit)
(11,894
322
(11,572
(14,692
845
(13,847
Total liabilities and stockholders equity (deficit)
6. Acquisitions and Formation of Joint Venture
During 2004, Papa Johns entered into a joint venture arrangement (Star Papa) with a third party. Under the terms of the arrangement, Papa Johns effectively sold 49% of 71 Company-owned restaurants located in Texas to the third party for $3.0 million ($2.5 million in cash and $500,000 as a note payable to Papa Johns). We recognized a gain of $280,000 from the sale of our 49% interest in the 71 restaurants. We retained a 51% ownership interest and are required to consolidate the joint venture and its financial results with those of Papa Johns.
During 2005, Star Papa completed the acquisition of six independently-owned franchised Papa Johns restaurants located in the Austin, Texas area. Additionally, we purchased 12 Papa Johns franchise restaurants located in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area during the fourth quarter. Total consideration for these acquisitions was $4.5 million and the forgiveness of accounts receivable approximating $500,000. These acquisitions are expected to increase annual Company restaurant sales approximately $13.0 million.
During 2003, our wholly-owned subsidiary in the United Kingdom purchased one restaurant from a franchisee for $150,000.
The business combinations in the previous paragraphs were each accounted for by the purchase method of accounting, whereby operating results subsequent to the acquisition date are included in our consolidated financial statements.
7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Our consolidated balance sheets included $41.9 million and $42.6 million of goodwill at December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004, respectively, net of accumulated amortization of $7.3 million and $7.6 million in 2005 and 2004, respectively. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004 are as follows:
(in thousands)
DomesticRestaurants
International
VariableInterestEntities
AllOthers
Balance as of December 28, 2003
20,566
19,131
436
40,133
Goodwill resulting from consolidation of VIEs
Goodwill written off related to sale or closure of restaurants
(223
(35
(258
Balance as of December 26, 2004
20,343
19,096
(2,292
Goodwill resulting from acquisitions
3,506
(969
Goodwill impairment charge
(982
(12
Balance as of December 25, 2005
22,880
18,102
The $2.8 million addition of goodwill during 2004 resulted from the consolidation of four franchise entities as required by FIN 46 (see Note 5). During 2005, one of the franchise entities sold its restaurants to a third party, thus we are no longer consolidating the entity and have reduced goodwill accordingly.
The reduction in International goodwill is a result of the $1.1 million impairment charge associated with our United Kingdom subsidiary.
8. Restaurant Closure, Impairment and Dispositions
The following table summarizes restaurant closure, impairment and disposition gains (losses) included in other general expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income during 2005, 2004 and 2003:
Cash proceeds received (1)
Notes receivable from franchisees
1,300
73
Total consideration (1)
12,300
151
956
Net book value
10,137
681
Gain (loss) on restaurants sold
2,163
275
Gain (loss) on domestic restaurant closures (2)
(77
(3,239
Gain on sale of 49% interest in Texas restaurants
280
Restaurant long-lived asset impairment (3)
(124
(2,505
Total restaurant closure, impairment and disposition gains (losses)
203
(5,469
(1) During the fourth quarter of 2005, we completed the sale of 84 Company-owned restaurants, with annual revenues approximating $53.0 million, in Colorado and Minnesota to a new franchise group, PJCOMN Acquisition Corporation (PJCOMN), an affiliate of Washington, DC-based private equity firm Milestone Capital Management, LLC, pursuant to an agreement announced in August 2005. The total consideration was $12.0 million, including $1.0 million for prepaid royalties, and was received in cash at closing. The sale of the restaurants resulted in a $1.1 million gain in the fourth quarter of 2005. The recorded gain on the sale is net of a $760,000 reserve for lease payments we expect to make in the future for certain under-performing units that were sold to PJCOMN.
On December 25, 2005, we sold five Company-owned restaurants located in Florida to one of our operations vice presidents. This employee resigned from the Company concurrently with the sale of the five restaurants. Total consideration from the sale consists of a note from the buyer totaling $1.3 million. The annual revenues for these five restaurants approximated $4.0 million. The sale of these restaurants resulted in a gain of approximately $1.0 million. The $1.3 million note from the buyer is expected to be collected during 2006.
(2) During 2003, we decided to close 27 domestic restaurants, which were primarily located in three of the 21 markets with Company-owned units, due to deteriorating economic performance and an insufficient outlook for improvement. We recorded a pre-tax impairment closure charge of $2.1 million in the third quarter of 2003 related to the closure of these restaurants and an additional charge of $1.1 million at the time of closure in the fourth quarter related to the remaining lease expense.
(3) We also identified an additional 25 under-performing restaurants that were subject to impairment charges due to the restaurants declining performance during 2003, which was a result of increased competition, increased operating expenses, and deteriorating economic conditions in these markets. During our review of potentially impaired restaurants, we considered several indicators, including restaurant profitability, annual comparable sales, operating trends, and actual operating results at a market level. In accordance with SFAS No. 144, we estimated the undiscounted cash flows over the estimated lives of the assets for each of our restaurants that met certain impairment indicators and compared those estimates to the carrying values of the underlying assets. The forecasted cash flows were based on our assessment of the individual restaurants future profitability, which is based on the restaurants historical financial performance, the maturing of the restaurants market, as well as our future operating plans for the restaurant and its market. Based on our analysis, we determined that 25 restaurants were impaired for a total of $2.5 million.
9. Debt and Credit Arrangements
Debt and credit arrangements consist of the following (in thousands):
In January 2006, we executed a five-year unsecured Revolving Credit Facility (New Credit Facility) totaling $175.0 million that replaced a $175.0 million Revolving Credit Facility (Old Credit Facility). Under the New Credit Facility, outstanding balances accrue interest at 50.0 to 100.0 basis points over the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or other bank developed rates at our option. The commitment fee on the unused balance ranges from 12.5 to 20.0 basis points. The increment over LIBOR and the commitment fee are determined quarterly based upon the ratio of total indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), as defined. Outstanding balances under the Old Credit Facility accrued interest at 62.5 to 100.0 basis points over LIBOR or other bank developed rates at our option. The commitment fee on the unused balance ranged from 15.0 to 20.0 basis points. The increment over LIBOR and the commitment fee are determined quarterly based upon the ratio of total indebtedness to EBITDA. The outstanding balance under the line of credit was $49.0 million at December 25, 2005 and $78.5 million at December 26, 2004. The fair value of our outstanding debt approximates the carrying value.
Both lines of credit contain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants requiring the maintenance of specified fixed charges and leverage ratios. At December 25, 2005, we were in compliance with these covenants.
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In November 2001, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement (Swap) that provides for a fixed rate of 5.31%, as compared to LIBOR, on $100.0 million of floating rate debt from March 2003 to March 2004, reducing to a notional value of $80.0 million from March 2004 to March 2005, and reducing to a notional value of $60.0 million in March 2005 with an expiration date of March 2006. During the fourth quarter of 2005, we entered into a new interest rate swap agreement that provides for a fixed rate of 4.98%, as compared to LIBOR, on the following amount of floating rate debt:
The purpose of the Swaps are to provide a hedge against the effects of rising interest rates on forecasted future borrowings. Amounts payable or receivable under the Swaps are accounted for as adjustments to interest expense.
The net fair value of the Swaps was a liability balance of $583,000 ($367,000, net of tax) at December 25, 2005 and $1.8 million ($1.1 million, net of tax) at December 26, 2004. The liabilities are included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets (offset by corresponding amounts in stockholders equity, representing the net unrealized losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss).
Interest paid during fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, including payments made under the above-noted Swaps, was $4.4 million, $5.8 million and $6.9 million, respectively.
10. Net Property and Equipment
Net property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
Land
31,505
33,220
Buildings and improvements
79,364
81,764
Leasehold improvements
70,315
75,732
Equipment and other
162,853
164,405
Construction in progress
1,469
3,720
345,506
358,841
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
(167,059
(162,046
11. Franchisee Loans
Selected franchisees have borrowed funds from our subsidiary, Capital Delivery, Ltd., principally for use in the construction and development of their restaurants. We have also entered into loan agreements with certain franchisees that purchased restaurants from us or from other franchisees. Loans outstanding to franchisees and affiliates were approximately $7.7 million on a consolidated basis as of December 25, 2005, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, ($13.1 million was eliminated upon consolidating BIBP and $1.5 million upon consolidating franchisee VIEs) and $6.8 million as of December 26, 2004, net of allowance for doubtful accounts ($10.0 million was eliminated upon consolidating BIBP and $3.6 million upon consolidating franchisee VIEs). The outstanding franchisee loan balance to affiliates as of December 25, 2005 was composed of a loan of $2.7 million to the Marketing Fund, none in 2004 (see Notes 2 and 16).
Such loans bear interest at fixed or floating rates (with an average stated rate of 5.8% at December 25, 2005), and are generally secured by the fixtures, equipment, signage and, where applicable, land of each restaurant and the ownership interests in the franchisee. The carrying amounts of the loans, on an individual basis, approximate market value. Interest income recorded on franchisee and affiliates loans was approximately $399,000 in 2005, $456,000 in 2004 and $466,000 in 2003 and is reported in investment income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
We established reserves of $1.5 million (after $3.7 million was eliminated upon consolidating franchisee VIEs) and $1.3 million (after $6.8 million was eliminated upon consolidating franchisee VIEs) as of December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004, respectively, for potentially uncollectible franchisee notes receivable. We concluded the reserves were necessary due to certain franchisees economic performance and underlying collateral value.
12. Insurance Reserves
Our estimated liabilities for claims loss reserves associated with the franchise insurance program are $16.2 million at December 25, 2005 and $19.9 million at December 26, 2004, and are included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Investments of $6.3 million and $8.6 million as of December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004, respectively, are held by the captive insurance subsidiary to fund these estimated liabilities and are classified as long-term investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
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We are a party to stand-by letters of credit with off-balance sheet risk associated with our insurance programs and with RSC. The total amount committed under letters of credit for these programs was $38.0 million at December 25, 2005.
13. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):
Insurance reserves
16,999
20,778
Accrued salaries, benefits and bonuses
15,659
7,228
Accrued purchases
3,674
3,366
Rent
3,690
3,921
Marketing
1,627
Obsolete inventory and equipment disposals
930
1,275
Utilities
1,231
1,258
Consulting and professional fees
846
882
Restaurant closures
1,269
462
Accrued interest
202
212
3,659
3,762
14. Other Long-term Liabilities
Other long-term liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
Captive insurance claims loss reserves
16,176
19,864
Interest rate swaps
583
1,792
Deferred compensation plan
7,694
5,816
Minority interest - joint ventures
6,032
5,712
Minority interest - variable interest entities
671
822
15. Income Taxes
A summary of the provision (benefit) for income taxes, exclusive of the tax effects related to discontinued operations and the cumulative effect of accounting change, follows (in thousands):
Current:
Federal
18,569
25,400
15,233
Foreign
234
State and local
2,176
2,727
2,109
Deferred (federal and state)
Significant deferred tax assets (liabilities) follow (in thousands):
Unearned development fees
2,368
2,509
Accrued liabilities
10,825
10,815
5,660
6,325
BIBP net operating loss
8,797
Total deferred tax assets
26,276
29,127
Deferred expenses
(2,755
(3,221
Accelerated depreciation
(6,635
(7,851
(3,815
(4,087
(4,314
Total deferred tax liabilities
(17,292
(15,386
Net deferred tax assets
8,984
13,741
As of December 25, 2005, the Company had approximately $1.7 million of foreign net operating loss carryovers for which a valuation allowance has been provided. Management believes it is more likely than not that the Companys future earnings will be sufficient to ensure the realization of the recorded net deferred tax assets for federal and state purposes.
The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate to income tax expense, exclusive of income associated with discontinued operations and the tax effect related to the cumulative effect of accounting change, for the years ended December 25, 2005, December 26, 2004 and December 28, 2003 is as follows (in thousands):
Tax at U.S. federal statutory rate
24,388
11,227
17,216
State and local income taxes
1,839
1,289
(863
(52
(65
Income taxes paid were $15.3 million in 2005, $20.0 million in 2004 and $23.2 million in 2003.
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16. Related Party Transactions
Certain of our officers and directors own equity interests in entities that operate and/or have rights to develop franchised restaurants. During 2003, in connection with the Companys recruitment of directors deemed independent under new Securities and Exchange Commission and NASDAQ rules, one director retired from our Board and three resigned. One of the directors who resigned in 2003 was paid $144,000 annually in 2004 and 2003 (none in 2005) under a consulting agreement. This director also received $112,500 in 2003 for his years of service under a director severance program. We paid $60,000 to each of the two additional non-management directors who retired or resigned from the Board during 2003 for their years of service under a director severance program. The remaining director who resigned continues to serve as an executive officer of the Company. We had an employment agreement with another director, who continues to serve on the Board, under which $20,000 was paid in 2005, $40,000 was paid in 2004 and $75,000 was paid in 2003. The employment agreement with this director was terminated during 2005.
As more fully described in Note 2, the Papa Johns Marketing Fund, Inc. (the Marketing Fund), a non-profit corporation, is responsible for developing and conducting marketing and advertising for the Papa Johns system. The Company had a loan outstanding of $2.7 million at December 25, 2005 to the Marketing Fund (none in 2004) recorded in Notes receivable affiliates in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, during 2005, 2004 and 2003, we made contributions of $1.8 million, $400,000 and $1.0 million, respectively, to the Marketing Fund, which are included in other general expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income, to assist the system with costs incurred for national advertising.
During 2003, Papa Card, Inc. was formed, which is a non-profit corporation affiliated with the Marketing Fund. Papa Card, Inc. is responsible for developing and marketing to our customers a gift card (Papa Card), and for maintaining the systems and other support infrastructure for the Papa Card program. We advanced certain start-up costs and working capital to Papa Card, Inc. The amounts due from Papa Card included in accounts receivable affiliates, net of the associated revenues, totaled $800,000 at December 26, 2004 (none at December 25, 2005).
Following is a summary of full-year transactions and year-end balances with franchisees owned by related parties and outstanding amounts due from the Marketing Fund and Papa Card, Inc. (in thousands):
Revenues from affiliates:
57,681
58,416
68,964
3,649
5,420
9,140
7,799
8,213
9,892
Other income from affiliates
Accounts receivable-affiliates
2,395
1,200
The above table excludes transactions and balances related to former non-management directors for the time period subsequent to their retirement or resignation from our Board.
We paid $399,000 in 2005, $309,000 in 2004 and $508,000 in 2003 for charter aircraft services provided by an entity owned by our founder and Executive Chairman of the Board, John Schnatter. We believe the rates charged to the Company were at or below rates that could have been obtained from independent third parties for similar aircraft.
Mr. Schnatter paid the Company $160,000 in 2005, $473,000 in 2004 and $460,000 in 2003 for the salaries, bonuses and benefits of certain employees who perform work for both the Company and Mr. Schnatter based upon an assessment of their responsibilities to each (on average, approximately 35% of the total costs were paid by the Company and 65% were paid by Mr. Schnatter). Mr. Schnatter and the Company terminated this shared employment arrangement in September 2005, after which certain employees began working full-time for the Company and the remaining employees began working full-time for Mr. Schnatter. Additionally, the Company charged Mr. Schnatter $8,795 in 2005 and $11,410 in both 2004 and 2003 related to approximately 800 square feet of Company office space utilized by these employees. Mr. Schnatter and his employees moved out of the Company office space in September 2005.
As more fully described in Note 8, effective December 25, 2005, the Company sold five restaurants to an operations vice president. The employee resigned from the Company concurrently with the sale.
A franchise entity that is owned by three executive officers of Papa Johns purchased a total of three restaurants for $1.2 million in 2005 and five restaurants for $1.8 million in 2003 from unrelated third-party franchise entities (none in 2004).
During 2005, a franchise entity that is owned by one member of our Board of Directors purchased 14 restaurants for $2.5 million from an unrelated third-party franchise entity.
During 2004, we waived royalty payments of approximately $290,000 from a franchisee with respect to restaurants located in one market area. In consideration for the royalty waiver, the franchisee agreed to increase its level of local marketing expenditures in that market area in amounts equal to the waived royalties. A member of our Board of Directors has a minority ownership interest (less than 20%) in the franchisee. In December 2004, the franchisee sold 13 restaurants located in this market to an unaffiliated third-party franchisee for $390,000. Papa Johns agreed to provide the financing to the third-party franchisee related to the purchase of the restaurants. In addition, Papa Johns agreed to waive the royalties due from the purchaser of the 13 restaurants. The waived royalties amounted to $300,000 in 2005 and $17,000 in 2004. Effective May 27, 2005, this same franchise entity, in which our Board member has a minority interest, entered into an agreement to sell an additional 14 restaurants to a new unaffiliated third-party franchise for $2.4 million in a separate market. Papa Johns agreed to receive reduced royalties from the purchaser for 12 months from the date of purchase. The waived royalties amounted to $65,000 in 2005.
See Note 5 for information related to our purchasing arrangement with BIBP.
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17. Lease Commitments and Contingencies
We lease office, retail and commissary space under operating leases, which have an average term of five years and provide for at least one renewal. Certain leases further provide that the lease payments may be increased annually based on the fixed rate terms or adjustable terms such as the Consumer Price Index. Papa Johns UK, our subsidiary located in the United Kingdom, leases certain retail space which is primarily subleased to our franchisees. We also lease the trailers used by our distribution subsidiary, PJFS, for an average period of eight years. Total rent expense was $17.9 million in 2005, $19.8 million in 2004 and $18.0 million in 2003, net of subleased payments received.
Future gross lease costs, future expected sublease payments and net lease costs as of December 25, 2005, are as follows (in thousands):
Year
Gross LeaseCosts
FutureExpectedSubleasePayments
Net LeaseCosts
17,578
2007
18,469
4,291
14,178
2008
15,203
4,003
11,200
2009
12,370
3,744
8,626
2010
9,911
3,562
6,349
Thereafter
13,474
13,812
33,441
71,743
We subleased 162 sites in 2005, 157 sites in 2004 and 180 sites in 2003 to our Papa Johns and Perfect Pizza franchisees located in the United Kingdom and received payments of $5.1 million, $5.0 million and $4.3 million, which are netted with international operating expenses.
We are subject to claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of business. We believe that all such claims and actions currently pending against us are either adequately covered by insurance or would not have a material adverse effect on us if decided in a manner unfavorable to us.
During 2003, we recognized $2.0 million of income from the settlement of a litigation matter, recorded as a reduction in other general expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
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18. Share Repurchase Program
The Papa Johns Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $525.0 million of common stock under a share repurchase program that began December 9, 1999, and runs through December 31, 2006. Funding for the share repurchase program has been provided through a credit facility, operating cash flow, stock option exercises and the liquidation of available investments, cash and cash equivalents.
Through December 25, 2005, a total of 34.7 million shares with an aggregate cost of $495.9 million and an average price of $14.29 per share, as adjusted for the two-for-one common stock split, have been repurchased under this program and were retired from outstanding shares.
Subsequent to year-end (through February 21, 2006), an additional 121,000 shares with an aggregate cost of $3.8 million were repurchased.
19. Stockholder Protection Rights Agreement
On February 14, 2000, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a Stockholder Protection Rights Agreement (the Rights Plan). Under the terms of the Rights Plan, one preferred stock purchase right was distributed as a dividend on each outstanding share of Papa Johns common stock held of record as of the close of business on March 1, 2000. The rights generally would not become exercisable until a person or group acquired beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the Companys common stock in a transaction that was not approved in advance by the Board of Directors. In December 2002, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted an amendment to the Rights Plan to permit a stockholder who becomes the owner of 15% or more of the Companys outstanding common stock due to the Companys repurchase of outstanding shares to acquire up to an additional 1% of the outstanding shares without triggering the Rights Plans dilution provisions. The Companys Founder and Executive Chairman, John Schnatter, who owns approximately 27% of the outstanding common stock, will be excluded from operation of the Rights Plan unless (together with his affiliates and family members) he acquires more than 40% of the Companys common stock.
If the rights are triggered, then each right owned by a stockholder other than the unapproved acquirer entitles its holder to purchase shares of Company common stock at 50% of its market price. In addition, after the rights are triggered, if the Company is acquired by an unapproved acquirer in a merger or other business combination transaction, each right that has not previously been exercised will entitle its holder to purchase, at the rights current exercise price, common shares of such other entity having a value of twice the rights exercise price. The Company may redeem the rights for a nominal amount at any time prior to an event that causes the rights to become exercisable.
20. Stock Options
We award stock options from time to time under the Papa Johns International, Inc. 1999 Team Member Stock Ownership Plan (the 1999 Plan) and the Papa Johns International, Inc. 2003 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the Directors Plan) and other such agreements as may arise. On January 31, 2005, the Company awarded a stock option for 400,000 shares, at the closing price on that date, as an inducement grant to Nigel Travis in connection with the commencement of his employment by the Company pursuant to an employment agreement. Shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 1999 Plan are approximately 6.3 million, which includes shares transferred in from the Papa Johns International, Inc. 1993 Stock Ownership Incentive Plan (the 1993 Plan), which terminated on April 15, 2003 and 700,000 shares under the Directors Plan. Approximately 2.8 million shares were available for future issuance under the 1999 Plan and 386,000 shares under the Directors Plan as of December 25, 2005. Options granted prior to 2003 generally expire ten years from the date of grant and vest over one to five-year periods, except for certain options awarded under a previous, multi-year operations compensation program that vested immediately upon grant. The options granted in 2003 and 2004 under the 1999 Plan and the Directors Plan generally expire 30 months from the date of grant and vest over a 12-month period. Options granted in 2005 generally expire five years from the date of grant and vest over a 24-month period.
Pro forma information regarding net income and earnings per share is required by SFAS No. 123. The fair value for these options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the options granted prior to 2002 is amortized to expense over the options vesting period. See Note 2 for our pro forma information, along with the indicated weighted average assumptions used.
Information pertaining to options for 2005, 2004, and 2003 is as follows (number of options in thousands):
NumberofOptions
WeightedAverageExercise Price
Outstanding-beginning of year
4,830
14.97
6,726
14.40
6,764
14.35
Granted
1,373
17.76
104
942
14.43
Exercised
14.86
11.86
11.92
Cancelled
186
17.89
466
16.70
424
16.91
Outstanding-end of year
3,185
16.09
Exercisable-end of year
1,835
14.89
4,716
14.98
5,676
14.44
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the year
4.45
2.76
2.73
74
The number, weighted average exercise price and weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding as of December 25, 2005, and the number and weighted average exercise price of options exercisable as of December 25, 2005 follow (number of options in thousands):
Range ofExercise Prices
Number ofOptions
WeightedAverageRemaining Life
Outstanding options:
$11.13 - $14.99
999
13.05
2.34
15.00 - 17.99
1,662
16.75
3.44
18.00 - 27.76
524
19.77
3.65
3.13
Exercisable options:
991
535
15.60
309
19.58
21. Employee Benefit Plans
We have established the Papa Johns International, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the 401(k) Plan), as a defined contribution benefit plan, in accordance with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The 401(k) Plan is open to all employees who meet certain eligibility requirements and allows participating employees to defer receipt of a portion of their compensation and contribute such amount to one or more investment funds. At our discretion, we contribute a matching payment of up to 1.5% of a participating employees earnings, which is subject to vesting based on an employees length of service with us. Costs of the 401(k) Plan recognized in 2005 and 2003 were $425,000 and $399,000, respectively (none in 2004).
In addition, we maintain a nonqualified deferred compensation plan available to certain key employees. Under this plan, the participants may defer a certain amount of their compensation, which is credited to the participants investment-directed accounts. The participant directed investments associated with this plan are included in other long-term assets ($6.7 million and $5.2 million at December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004, respectively) and the associated liabilities ($7.7 million and $5.8 million at December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004, respectively) are included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company makes no matching or other contribution to the participants deferred compensation accounts.
Administrative costs of the 401(k) Plan and the nonqualified deferred compensation plan are paid by us and are not significant.
22. Segment Information
We have defined five reportable segments: domestic restaurants, domestic commissaries, domestic franchising, international operations and variable interest entities (VIEs).
The domestic restaurant segment consists of the operations of all domestic (domestic is defined as contiguous United States) Company-owned restaurants and derives its revenues principally from retail sales of pizza and side items, such as breadsticks, cheesesticks, chicken strips, chicken wings, dessert pizza, and soft drinks to the general public. The domestic commissary segment consists of the operations of our regional dough production and product distribution centers and derives its revenues principally from the sale and distribution of food and paper products to domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants. The domestic franchising segment consists of our franchise sales and support activities and derives its revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and collection of royalties from our domestic franchisees. The international operations segment principally consists of our Company-owned restaurants and distribution sales to franchised Papa Johns restaurants located in the United Kingdom and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our international franchisees. VIEs consist of entities in which we are the primary beneficiary, as defined in Note 5, and include BIBP and certain franchisees to which we have extended loans. All other business units that do not meet the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments consist of operations that derive revenues from the sale, principally to Company-owned and franchised restaurants, of printing and promotional items, risk management services, and information systems and related services used in restaurant operations.
Generally, we evaluate performance and allocate resources based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes and eliminations. Certain administrative and capital costs are allocated to segments based upon predetermined rates or actual estimated resource usage. We account for intercompany sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties and eliminate the related profit in consolidation.
Our reportable segments are business units that provide different products or services. Separate management of each segment is required because each business unit is subject to different operational issues and strategies. No single external customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated revenues. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 2).
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Our segment information is as follows:
Revenues from external customers:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants
Domestic commissaries
Domestic franchising
55,315
52,767
51,326
18,389
15,757
14,382
Variable interest entities (1)
All others
Total revenues from external customers
Intersegment revenues:
119,577
116,942
115,608
1,216
859
733
11,232
11,718
14,070
Total intersegment revenues
284,167
267,923
132,779
Depreciation and amortization:
Domestic restaurants
13,077
14,337
15,298
5,763
6,432
5,967
1,163
1,152
1,043
Variable interest entities
77
1,368
1,425
Unallocated corporate expenses
7,302
7,264
7,276
Total depreciation and amortization
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants (2)
25,284
5,069
(6,335
Domestic commissaries (3)
25,446
19,797
22,382
49,821
46,076
47,725
(5,006
(4,309
(5,246
4,298
2,620
(1,866
Unallocated corporate expenses (4)
(34,172
(14,035
(7,256
Elimination of intersegment losses (profits)
(511
(230
Total income from continuing operations before income taxes and the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle
Property and equipment:
129,574
144,876
154,575
72,838
77,176
68,089
3,860
1,410
1,846
Variable interest entities (5)
2,164
13,907
11,880
11,949
Unallocated corporate assets
123,163
116,806
114,913
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(147,936
203,436
Expenditures for property and equipment:
6,276
6,611
10,500
783
9,197
617
2,277
172
668
2,196
395
Unallocated corporate
6,014
4,575
3,574
Total expenditures for property and equipment
17,546
20,950
16,315
(1) The revenues from external customers for variable interest entities and the depreciation and amortization for variable interest entities are attributable to the franchise entities to which we have extended loans that qualify as consolidated VIEs. The intersegment revenues for variable interest entities of $151.9 million in 2005 and $138.2 million in 2004 are attributable to BIBP.
(2) The operating results for domestic Company-owned restaurants improved $20.2 million in 2005 and $11.4 million in 2004. The 2005 improvement is primarily due to the fixed cost leverage associated with an increase in comparable sales during 2005 and improved margin from an increase in restaurant pricing, partially offset by increased commodity costs (principally cheese). Additionally, the Company-owned operating results include a gain of $2.2 million from the sale of 92 restaurants from three transactions. The 2004 improvement is substantially due to a provision for restaurant closures, impairment and dispositions of $5.7 million in 2003 (the 2004 amount was not significant). The additional improvement in 2004 results over 2003 on a reporting unit basis is primarily attributable to labor reductions due to staffing efficiencies and leverage on restaurant pricing increases, lower administrative costs and reduced cost of sales resulting from commissary margin reductions.
(3) Domestic commissaries operating income increased $5.6 million in 2005 and decreased $2.6 million in 2004 as compared to 2003. The 2005 improvement is due to improved operating margin and lower administrative costs, partially offset by increased distribution costs as a result of higher fuel costs. The 2005 operating income for the commissary reporting unit includes a pre-tax charge of $925,000 associated with the closing of the Jackson, Mississippi facility at the end of March 2005. The 2004 results for the domestic commissaries segment are favorably impacted by a reduction in the corporate expense allocations of $2.5 million in 2004, as compared to 2003. The $5.1 million decrease in commissary operating income in 2004 as compared to 2003 (before considering the favorable impact of the reduced corporate expense allocations) is primarily attributable to reduced commissary sales volumes and commissary margin reductions.
(4) Unallocated corporate expenses increased $20.1 million in 2005 and increased $6.8 million in 2004 as compared to 2003. The 2005 increase consisted primarily of the following: an increase in business unit and corporate management bonuses of $7.3 million as a result of meeting pre-established performance goals; an increase in employee benefits costs of approximately $1.6 million, which primarily consists of payroll taxes associated with stock option exercises and an increase in the amount of FICA taxes paid on employee tips and increased health insurance costs; increased professional fees of $3.7 million related to consulting expenses associated with certain marketing and franchisee effectiveness projects; an increase in equity compensation of $2.1 million primarily related to the performance unit program offered to certain executive officers; a $1.8 million contribution to the Marketing Fund; and a reduction in administrative expenses allocated to operating units and other expenses of $5.5 million. Additionally, 2004 included a $1.9 million expense related to certain lease accounting adjustments.
The increase in 2004 unallocated corporate expenses from 2003 is primarily due to: (1) $1.9 million attributable to a lease adjustment to increase depreciation and rent expense, which was based upon a review of our accounting for lease expense and depreciation of leasehold improvements; (2) $1.6 million in 2004 compensation expense attributable to stock options awarded in 2003 (no comparable 2003 expense); (3) the previously noted reduction in the corporate allocations to domestic commissaries approximating $2.5 million; and (4) a reduction in the 2003 unallocated corporate expenses due to the recognition of $2.0 million of income from the settlement of a litigation matter. These increases were partially offset by decreases in insurance and benefits costs.
(5) Represents assets of VIE franchisees to which we have extended loans.
23. Quarterly Data - unaudited, in thousands, except per share data
Our quarterly financial data is as follows:
Quarter
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
248,637
238,675
233,100
248,376
Operating income (loss) (1)
16,041
17,479
16,997
22,183
Income from continuing operations, net of tax (1)
9,397
10,417
10,403
14,051
Basic earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations (1)
0.28
0.42
Earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations - assuming dilution (1)
0.41
232,446
235,922
223,561
243,417
Operating income (loss) (2)
13,493
(4,522
12,582
15,129
Income from continuing operations, net of tax (2)
7,648
(3,299
7,067
8,621
Basic earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations (2)
0.21
(0.09
0.26
Earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations - assuming dilution (2)
0.25
(1) During 2005, we recorded pre-tax losses of $1.6 million ($1.0 million after tax or $0.03 per share) in the first quarter, $185,000 ($117,000 after tax or $0.00 per share) in the second quarter, pre-tax gains of $3.0 million ($1.9 million after tax or $0.05 per share) in the third quarter and pre-tax gains of $3.2 million ($2.0 million after tax or $0.06 per share) in the fourth quarter upon consolidation of BIBP.
(2) During 2004, we recorded losses of $1.6 million ($1.0 million after tax or $0.03 per share) in the first quarter, $18.3 million ($11.5 million after tax or $0.33 per share) in the second quarter, $506,000 ($316,000 after tax or $0.01 per share) in the third quarter and $3.0 million ($1.9 million after tax or $0.05 per share) in the fourth quarter upon consolidation of BIBP.
All quarterly information above is presented in 13-week periods. Quarterly earnings per share on a full- year basis may not agree to the Consolidated Statements of Income due to rounding.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon our evaluation, we concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance in ensuring all required information relating to Papa Johns is included in this annual report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the third quarter of 2005, we implemented a new Enterprise Resource Planning System. We believe that effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained during and after the implementation.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 25, 2005 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
See Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting in Item 8.
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Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
The information required by this item, other than the information set forth in this Report under Part I, Executive Officers of the Registrant, is omitted because we are filing a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report which includes the required information. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
We have adopted a written code of ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees. The code of ethics, which includes all required disclosures concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, our code of ethics can be found on our web site, which is located at www.papajohns.com.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is omitted because we are filing a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, which includes the required information. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The following table provides information as of December 25, 2005 regarding the number of shares of the Companys common stock that may be issued under the Companys equity compensation plans.
Plan Category
(a)Number ofsecurities to beissued upon exerciseof outstandingoptions, warrantsand rights
(b)Weightedaverageexercise priceof outstandingoptions, warrantsand rights
(c)Number of securitiesremaining availablefor future issuanceunder equitycompensation plans,excluding securitiesreflected in column (a)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
2,784,692
3,222,096
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (1)
400,000
3,184,692
(1) On January 31, 2005, the Company awarded a stock option for 400,000 shares, at the closing price on that date, as an inducement grant to Nigel Travis in connection with the commencement of his employment by the Company pursuant to an employment agreement.
Other information required by this item is omitted because we are filing a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, which includes the required information. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) Financial Statements:
The following consolidated financial statements, notes related thereto and report of independent auditors are included in Item 8 of this Report:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accountants
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 25, 2005, December 26, 2004 and December 28, 2003
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 25, 2005 and December 26, 2004
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity for the years ended December 25, 2005, December 26, 2004 and December 28, 2003
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 25, 2005, December 26, 2004 and December 28, 2003
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules:
Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.
(a)(3) Exhibits:
3.1
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Exhibit 3.1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 33-61366) is incorporated herein by reference.
3.2
Our Restated By-Laws. Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 33-61366) is incorporated herein by reference.
3.3
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Papa Johns International, Inc. Exhibit 3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 29, 1997, is incorporated herein by reference.
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4.1
Specimen Common Stock Certificate. Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-Kfor the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 (Commission File No. 0-21660) is incorporated herein by reference.
4.2
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Restated By-Laws (See 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 above) is incorporated herein by reference.
10.1
$175,000,000 Revolving Credit Facility by and among Papa Johns International, Inc., The Guarantors Party Hereto, RSC Insurance Services, Ltd., a Bermuda Company, The Banks Party Hereto, PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Syndication Agent, National City Bank of Kentucky, as Co-Documentation Agent, Bank of America, N.A., as Co-Documentation Agent, Fifth Third Bank, as Co-Documentation Agent, and PNC Capital Markets LLC, as Lead Arranger and as Sole Bookrunner dated January 31, 2006.
10.2
Interest Rate Swap Transaction between JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Papa Johns International, Inc. effective March 15, 2006.
10.3*
Papa Johns International, Inc. Amended and Restated Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement Nigel Travis Inducement Grant.
10.4
Stockholder Protection Rights Agreement dated February 14, 2000, by and between Papa Johns International, Inc. and National City Bank, as Rights Agent (including the form of Certificate of Designation of Preferences and Rights and the form of Rights Certificate). Exhibit 4 of our Form 8-A dated February 16, 2000 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.5
Amendment dated December 24, 2002, to the Stockholder Protection Rights Agreement dated February 14, 2000, by and between Papa Johns International, Inc. and National City Bank, as Rights Agent. Exhibit 10.2 to our report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2002 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.6*
Papa Johns International, Inc. 2003 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors. Exhibit 10 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 29, 2003 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.7*
Papa Johns International, Inc. 1999 Team Member Stock Ownership Plan Amended and Restated as of October 20, 1999. Exhibit 10.9 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 1999 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.8*
Papa Johns International, Inc. 1993 Stock Ownership Incentive Plan. Exhibit 10.2 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 29, 1996 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.9*
Amendment to Papa Johns International, Inc. 1993 Stock Ownership Incentive Plan. Exhibit 10 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 29, 1997 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.10*
Amendment to Papa Johns International, Inc. 1993 Stock Ownership Incentive Plan. Exhibit 10 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 28, 1998 is incorporated herein by reference.
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10.11*
Amendment to Papa Johns International, Inc. 1993 Stock Ownership Incentive Plan. Exhibit 10.1 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 27, 1999 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.12*
Papa Johns International, Inc. 1993 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors. Exhibit 10.3 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 29, 1996 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.13*
Amendment to Papa Johns International, Inc. 1993 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan. Exhibit 10.2 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 27, 1999 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.14*
Resolutions for Adoption by the Board of Directors of Papa Johns International, Inc., regarding the Amendment to the 1993 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors. Exhibit 10.2 to our report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2001 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.15*
1996 Papa Johns International, Inc. Executive Option Program. Exhibit 10.26 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.16*
Papa Johns International, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan, as effective September 30, 1998. Exhibit 10.1 to our report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2004 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.17*
Papa Johns International, Inc. Board of Directors Deferred Compensation Plan, as effective November 6, 2003. Exhibit 10.2 to our report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2004 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.18*
Papa Johns International, Inc. Management Incentive Plan. Exhibit 10 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2002 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.19*
The Employment Agreement dated as of January 31, 2005, between Papa Johns International, Inc. and Nigel Travis. Exhibit 10.1 to our report on Form 8-K dated January 30, 2005 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.20*
The Employment Agreement dated as of March 9, 2005, between Papa Johns International, Inc. and William Van Epps. Exhibit 10.1 to our report on Form 8-K dated March 9, 2005 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.21
Amended and Restated Assets Purchase Agreement dated September 26, 2005 between Papa Johns International, Inc. and PJCOMN Acquisition Corporation. Exhibit 10.1 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 26, 2005 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.22
Marketing Assistance Agreement between Papa Johns International, Inc. and PJ United, Inc. Exhibit 10.3 to our report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2004 is incorporated herein by reference.
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10.23
Secured Loan Agreement entered into as of December 27, 1999, by and between BIBP Commodities, Inc. and Capital Delivery, Ltd. Exhibit 10.1 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 26, 2000 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.24
Promissory Note dated December 27, 1999, by BIBP Commodities, Inc. Exhibit 10.2 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 26, 2000 is incorporated herein by reference.
Subsidiaries of the Company.
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
31.1
Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e).
31.2
Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e).
32.1
Section 906 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
Section 906 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
99.1
Cautionary Statements.
*Compensatory plan required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(c) of Form 10-K.
(b)
Exhibits
The response to this portion of Item 15 is submitted as a separate section of this report.
(c)
Financial Statement Schedules
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: February 28, 2006
By:
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
Title
Date
/s/ John H. Schnatter
Founder, Executive Chairman of the
February 28, 2006
Board and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ F. William Barnett
Director
F. William Barnett
/s/ Norborne P. Cole, Jr.
Norborne P. Cole, Jr.
/s/ Philip Guarascio
Philip Guarascio
/s/ Olivia F. Kirtley
Olivia F. Kirtley
/s/ Jack A. Laughery
Jack A. Laughery
/s/ Wade S. Oney
Wade S. Oney
/s/ William M. Street
William M. Street
Senior Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
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EXHIBIT INDEX
ExhibitNumber
Description of Exhibit
10.3
Section 906 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sabanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Section 906 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sabanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Classification
Balance atBeginning ofYear
Charged to(recovered from)Costs andExpenses
Additions /(Deductions)
Balance atEnd ofYear
Fiscal year ended December 25, 2005:
Deducted from asset accounts:
Reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable
5,359
3,015
(1,995
)(2)
6,379
Reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable - affiliates
525
497
1,022
Reserve for franchisee notes receivable
1,278
855
(634
)(2)(3)
Reserve for franchisee notes receivable - affiliates
7,162
(2,629
8,900
Reserves included in liability accounts:
Reserve for restaurant closures and dispositions
(4)
(39
)(1)
Fiscal year ended December 26, 2004:
4,287
1,636
(564
6,356
638
(5,716
10,643
(6,280
1,559
(894
Fiscal year ended December 28, 2003:
2,839
(460
4,436
1,868
6,344
1,256
3,239
(2,936
(1) Represents cash payments and other adjustments.
(2) Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries and reclassifications between accounts receivable and notes receivable serves.
(3) Includes adjustments of $3.3 million and $6.3 million in 2005 and 2004 related to the consolidation of franchisee VIEs in 2004 (VIEs eliminate upon consolidation).
(4) Includes a contingent lease reserve of $761,000 for certain restaurants sold to a franchisee. The reserve reduced the gain on the sale recorded by Papa Johns.
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