UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 29, 2008
OR
o Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number: 0-21660
PAPA JOHN’S INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
61-1203323
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer Identification
incorporation or organization)
number)
2002 Papa Johns Boulevard
Louisville, Kentucky 40299-2367
(Address of principal executive offices)
(502) 261-7272
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerx
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
At July 30, 2008, there were outstanding 28,103,498 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share.
Page No.
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – June 29, 2008 and December 30, 2007
2
Consolidated Statements of Income – Three and Six Months Ended June 29, 2008 and July 1, 2007
3
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – Six Months Ended June 29, 2008 and July 1, 2007
4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Six Months Ended June 29, 2008 and July 1, 2007
5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
6
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
12
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
25
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
28
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
Legal Proceedings
Item 1.A.
Risk Factors
29
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Item 6.
Exhibits
30
1
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands)
June 29, 2008
December 30, 2007
(Unaudited)
(Note)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
8,356
8,877
Accounts receivable
23,427
22,539
Inventories
16,981
18,806
Prepaid expenses
9,685
10,711
Other current assets
6,087
5,581
Assets held for sale
4,450
—
Deferred income taxes
8,430
7,147
Total current assets
77,416
73,661
Investments
855
825
Net property and equipment
196,689
198,957
Notes receivable
11,597
11,804
18,400
12,384
Goodwill
83,194
86,505
Other assets
17,255
17,681
Total assets
405,406
401,817
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
31,450
31,157
Income and other taxes
12,570
10,866
Accrued expenses
54,923
56,466
Current portion of debt
12,225
8,700
Total current liabilities
111,168
107,189
Unearned franchise and development fees
5,791
6,284
Long-term debt, net of current portion
135,195
134,006
Other long-term liabilities
26,810
27,435
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock
Common stock
350
349
Additional paid-in capital
212,246
208,598
Accumulated other comprehensive income
60
156
Retained earnings
113,236
96,963
Treasury stock
(199,450
)
(179,163
Total stockholders’ equity
126,442
126,903
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Note: The balance sheet at December 30, 2007 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for a complete set of financial statements.
See accompanying notes.
Three Months Ended
Six Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
July 1, 2007
Domestic revenues:
Company-owned restaurant sales
133,815
119,633
272,670
241,677
Variable interest entities restaurant sales
2,239
1,602
4,279
3,289
Franchise royalties
14,759
13,746
30,204
28,198
Franchise and development fees
247
541
1,167
1,303
Commissary sales
106,321
96,224
212,368
196,423
Other sales
16,434
17,355
33,279
31,846
International revenues:
Royalties and franchise and development fees
3,108
2,223
6,128
4,671
Restaurant and commissary sales
6,485
4,932
12,318
9,473
Total revenues
283,408
256,256
572,413
516,880
Costs and expenses:
Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses:
Cost of sales
30,803
25,829
62,375
50,917
Salaries and benefits
40,050
35,928
81,610
72,872
Advertising and related costs
11,913
11,159
24,610
22,062
Occupancy costs
8,540
7,520
17,011
14,809
Other operating expenses
18,072
16,411
36,379
32,804
Total domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses
109,378
96,847
221,985
193,464
Variable interest entities restaurant expenses
1,987
1,352
3,780
2,731
Domestic commissary and other expenses:
89,976
80,944
179,982
162,719
9,127
9,006
18,092
17,804
12,112
11,147
23,644
22,145
Total domestic commissary and other expenses
111,215
101,097
221,718
202,668
Loss from the franchise cheese-purchasing program, net of minority interest
4,364
6,277
9,922
6,178
International operating expenses
5,818
4,426
11,158
8,464
General and administrative expenses
27,237
25,221
54,451
50,621
Minority interests and other general expenses
1,198
999
3,955
2,936
Depreciation and amortization
8,404
7,589
16,410
15,484
Total costs and expenses
269,601
243,808
543,379
482,546
Operating income
13,807
12,448
29,034
34,334
Investment income
181
368
447
721
Interest expense
(1,802
(1,706
(3,694
(3,232
Income before income taxes
12,186
11,110
25,787
31,823
Income tax expense
4,538
4,101
9,514
11,659
Net income
7,648
7,009
16,273
20,164
Basic earnings per common share
0.27
0.23
0.57
0.67
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution
0.66
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
28,372
30,054
28,536
30,059
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
28,705
30,600
28,754
30,623
Accumulated
Common
Additional
Other
Total
Stock Shares
Paid-In
Comprehensive
Retained
Treasury
Stockholders’
Outstanding
Stock
Capital
Income (Loss)
Earnings
Equity
Balance at December 31, 2006
30,696
341
187,990
515
63,614
(106,292
146,168
Cumulative effect of adoption of FIN 48
614
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2007
64,228
146,782
Comprehensive income:
Change in valuation of interest rate swap agreements, net of tax of $209
363
Other, net
320
Comprehensive income
20,847
Exercise of stock options
647
10,317
10,323
Tax benefit related to exercise of non-qualified stock options
3,025
Acquisition of treasury stock
(1,223
(35,827
1,855
Balance at July 1, 2007
30,120
347
203,187
84,392
(142,119
147,005
Balance at December 30, 2007
28,777
Change in valuation of interest rate swap agreements, net of tax of $113
(229
133
16,177
50
964
965
117
(768
(20,287
2,567
Balance at June 29, 2008
28,059
At July 1, 2007, the accumulated other comprehensive gain of $1,198 was comprised of unrealized foreign currency translation gains of $1,419, a net unrealized gain on investments of $5 and a net unrealized gain on the interest rate swap agreements of $358, partially offset by a $584 pension liability for PJUK.
At June 29, 2008, the accumulated other comprehensive gain of $60 was comprised of unrealized foreign currency translation gains of $1,588, offset by a net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreements of $1,528.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Operating activities
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Restaurant closure, impairment and disposition losses (gains)
(434
Provision for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable
1,264
1,034
(7,178
(5,709
Stock-based compensation expense
Excess tax benefit related to exercise of non-qualified stock options
(117
(3,025
137
3,694
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
(2,251
1,048
1,825
1,785
1,026
(1,723
(256
908
Other assets and liabilities
(1,233
(892
293
(2,437
1,704
(1,228
(1,885
(3,929
(494
(351
Net cash provided by operating activities
29,252
26,244
Investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment
(16,010
(16,433
Purchase of investments
(437
Proceeds from sale or maturity of investments
407
671
Loans issued
(681
(4,263
Loan repayments
1,078
2,029
Acquisitions
(100
(8,615
Proceeds from divestitures of restaurants
632
27
Net cash used in investing activities
(15,587
(25,952
Financing activities
Net proceeds from line of credit facility
1,102
19,500
Net proceeds from short-term debt - variable interest entities
3,525
10,250
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Acquisition of Company common stock
339
(675
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(14,239
6,596
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
53
66
Change in cash and cash equivalents
(521
6,954
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
12,979
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
19,933
1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six months ended June 29, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2008. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company”, “Papa John’s” or in the first person notations of “we”, “us” and “our”) for the year ended December 30, 2007.
2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. SFAS No. 157 requires companies to determine fair value based on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. SFAS No. 157 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. We will adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 157 in two phases: (1) phase one was effective for financial assets and liabilities in our first quarter of 2008 and (2) phase two is effective for non-financial assets and liabilities for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 or our first quarter of fiscal 2009. The adoption of phase one during the first quarter of 2008 did not have a significant impact on our financial statements.
SFAS No. 157 requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:
· Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
· Level 2: Observable market based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
· Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
Our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 29, 2008 are as follows:
Carrying
Fair Value Measurements
Value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Financial assets:
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan
10,985
Financial liabilities:
Interest rate swaps
2,390
The adoption for non-financial assets and liabilities in fiscal 2009 could impact our future estimates of value related to long-lived and intangible assets such as our annual fair value evaluation of our United Kingdom subsidiary, Papa John’s UK (“PJUK”) and domestic Company-owned restaurants.
SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133. SFAS No. 161 enhances the required disclosures regarding derivatives and hedging activities, including disclosures regarding how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 or our first quarter of fiscal 2009. We are currently evaluating the requirements of SFAS No. 161 and have not yet determined the impact, if any, on disclosures included in our consolidated financial statements.
3. Accounting for Variable Interest Entities
FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51(FIN 46), provides a framework for identifying variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and determining when a company should include the assets, liabilities, non-controlling interests and results of activities of a VIE in its consolidated financial statements.
In general, a VIE is a corporation, partnership, limited-liability company, trust, or any other legal structure used to conduct activities or hold assets that either (1) has an insufficient amount of equity to carry out its principal activities without additional subordinated financial support, (2) has a group of equity owners that are unable to make significant decisions about its activities, or (3) has a group of equity owners that do not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive returns generated by its operations.
FIN 46 requires a VIE to be consolidated if a party with an ownership, contractual or other financial interest in the VIE (a “variable interest holder”) is obligated to absorb a majority of the risk of loss from the VIE’s activities, is entitled to receive a majority of the VIE’s residual returns (if no party absorbs a majority of the VIE’s losses), or both. A variable interest holder that consolidates the VIE is called the primary beneficiary. Upon consolidation, the primary beneficiary generally must initially record all of the VIE’s assets, liabilities and non-controlling interests at fair value and subsequently account for the VIE as if it were consolidated based on majority voting interest. FIN 46 also requires disclosures about VIEs that the variable interest holder is not required to consolidate but in which it has a significant variable interest.
We have a purchasing arrangement with BIBP Commodities, Inc. (“BIBP”), a special-purpose entity formed at the direction of our Franchise Advisory Council for the sole purpose of reducing cheese price volatility to domestic system-wide restaurants. BIBP is an independent, franchisee-owned corporation. BIBP purchases cheese at the market price and sells it to our distribution subsidiary, PJ Food Service, Inc. (“PJFS”), at a fixed quarterly price based in part upon historical average market prices. PJFS in turn sells cheese to Papa John’s restaurants (both Company-owned and franchised) at a set quarterly price. PJFS purchased $40.6 million and $80.2 million of cheese from BIBP for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, and $29.4 million and $61.0 million of cheese for the comparable periods in 2007, respectively.
As defined by FIN 46, we are the primary beneficiary of BIBP, a VIE. We recognize the operating losses generated by BIBP if BIBP’s shareholders’ equity is in a net deficit position. Further, we will recognize the subsequent operating income generated by BIBP up to the amount of any losses previously recognized.
We recognized pre-tax losses of $6.3 million ($4.1 million net of tax, or $0.14 per share) and $14.3 million ($9.3 million net of tax, or $0.32 per share) for the three months and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively,
7
and pre-tax losses of $8.3 million ($5.3 million net of tax, or $0.17 per share) and $8.7 million ($5.5 million net of tax, or $0.18 per share) for the three and six months ended July 1, 2007, respectively, from the consolidation of BIBP. The impact on future operating income from the consolidation of BIBP is expected to be significant for any given reporting period due to the noted volatility of the cheese market, but is not expected to be cumulatively significant over time.
BIBP has a $20.0 million line of credit with a commercial bank, which is not guaranteed by Papa John’s. Papa John’s has agreed to provide additional funding in the form of a loan to BIBP. As of June 29, 2008, BIBP had outstanding borrowings of $12.2 million and a letter of credit of $3.0 million outstanding under the commercial line of credit facility. In addition, as of June 29, 2008, BIBP had outstanding borrowings of $34.1 million with Papa John’s (the $34.1 million outstanding balance under the Papa John’s line of credit is eliminated upon consolidation of the financial results of BIBP with Papa John’s).
In addition, Papa John’s has extended loans to certain franchisees. Under FIN 46, Papa John’s was deemed the primary beneficiary of three franchise entities as of June 29, 2008 and two franchise entities as of July 1, 2007, even though we had no ownership in them. The three franchise entities at June 29, 2008 operated a total of thirteen restaurants with annual revenues approximating $9.0 million. Our net loan balance receivable from these entities was $584,000 at June 29, 2008, with no further funding commitments. The consolidation of these franchise entities has had no significant impact on Papa John’s operating results and is not expected to have a significant impact in future periods.
The following table summarizes the balance sheets for our consolidated VIEs as of June 29, 2008 and December 30, 2007:
BIBP
Franchisees
Assets:
947
78
1,025
1,789
235
2,024
Accounts receivable - Papa John’s
4,979
4,424
1,156
35
1,191
968
46
1,014
437
881
756
455
16,355
11,324
23,874
1,449
25,323
18,505
1,492
19,997
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
7,361
362
7,723
9,785
319
10,104
Short-term debt - third party
Short-term debt - Papa John’s
34,077
584
34,661
20,538
560
21,098
Total liabilities
53,663
946
54,609
39,023
879
39,902
Stockholders’ equity (deficit)
(29,789
503
(29,286
(20,518
613
(19,905
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
8
4. Debt
Our debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):
June 29,
December 30,
2008
2007
Revolving line of credit
135,101
134,000
Debt associated with VIEs *
94
Total debt
147,420
142,706
Less: current portion of debt
(12,225
(8,700
Long-term debt
*The VIEs’ third-party creditors do not have any recourse to Papa John’s.
5. Calculation of Earnings Per Share
The calculations of basic earnings per common share and earnings per common share – assuming dilution are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
July 1,
Basic earnings per common share:
Weighted average shares outstanding
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution:
Dilutive effect of outstanding stock compensation awards
333
546
218
564
6. Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income is comprised of the following:
Change in valuation of interest rate swap agreements, net of tax
1,116
619
9
202
8,773
7,830
7. Segment Information
We have defined five reportable segments: domestic restaurants, domestic commissaries, domestic franchising, international operations and variable interest entities (“VIEs”).
The domestic restaurant segment consists of the operations of all domestic (“domestic” is defined as contiguous United States) Company-owned restaurants and derives its revenues principally from retail sales of pizza and side items, such as breadsticks, cheesesticks, chicken strips, chicken wings, dessert pizza, and soft drinks to the general public. The domestic commissary segment consists of the operations of our regional dough production and product distribution centers and derives its revenues principally from the sale and distribution of food and paper products to domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants. The domestic franchising segment consists of our franchise sales and support activities and derives its revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and collection of royalties from our domestic franchisees. The international operations segment principally consists of our Company-owned restaurants and distribution sales to franchised Papa John’s restaurants located in the United Kingdom, China and Mexico and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our international franchisees. VIEs consist of entities in which we are deemed the primary beneficiary, as defined in Note 3, and include BIBP and certain franchisees to which we have extended loans. All other business units that do not meet the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments consist of operations that derive revenues from the sale, principally to Company-owned and franchised restaurants, of printing and promotional items, risk management services, and information systems and related services used in restaurant operations and certain partnership development activities.
Generally, we evaluate performance and allocate resources based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes and eliminations. Certain administrative and capital costs are allocated to segments based upon predetermined rates or actual estimated resource usage. We account for intercompany sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties and eliminate the related profit in consolidation.
Our reportable segments are business units that provide different products or services. Separate management of each segment is required because each business unit is subject to different operational issues and strategies. No single external customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated revenues.
10
Our segment information is as follows:
Revenues from external customers:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants
Domestic commissaries
Domestic franchising
15,006
14,287
31,371
29,501
International
9,593
7,155
18,446
14,144
Variable interest entities (1)
All others
Total revenues from external customers
Intersegment revenues:
35,851
29,684
72,076
60,529
478
338
944
677
307
149
608
306
40,572
29,430
80,233
61,017
4,027
3,447
8,136
7,415
Total intersegment revenues
81,235
63,048
161,997
129,944
Income (loss) before income taxes:
7,157
7,535
14,955
15,750
7,624
7,917
16,057
17,931
13,095
12,065
27,567
25,108
(1,520
(2,032
(3,259
(4,352
Variable interest entities (2)
(6,302
(8,257
(14,253
(8,663
1,993
1,679
4,518
2,724
Unallocated corporate expenses
(9,144
(7,486
(18,363
(15,781
Elimination of intersegment profits
(717
(311
(1,435
(894
Total income before income taxes
Property and equipment:
167,848
77,634
9,864
Variable interest entities
1,842
23,606
Unallocated corporate assets
137,340
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(221,445
(1) The revenues from external customers for variable interest entities are attributable to the franchise entities to which we have extended loans that qualify as consolidated VIEs. The intersegment revenues for variable interest entities are attributable to BIBP.
(2) Represents BIBP’s operating income (loss), net of minority interest income for each year.
11
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company,” “Papa John’s” or in the first person notations of “we,” “us” and “our”) began operations in 1985. At June 29, 2008, there were 3,270 Papa John’s restaurants (670 Company-owned and 2,600 franchised) operating in all 50 states and 28 countries. Our revenues are principally derived from retail sales of pizza and other food and beverage products to the general public by Company-owned restaurants, franchise royalties, sales of franchise and development rights, sales to franchisees of food and paper products, printing and promotional items, risk management services, and information systems and related services used in their operations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The results of operations are based on the preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to select accounting policies for critical accounting areas and make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. Significant changes in assumptions and/or conditions in our critical accounting policies could materially impact the operating results. We have identified the following accounting policies and related judgments as critical to understanding the results of our operations.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Notes Receivable
We establish reserves for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable based on overall receivable aging levels and a specific evaluation of accounts and notes for franchisees with known financial difficulties. These reserves and corresponding write-offs could significantly increase if the identified franchisees continue to experience deteriorating financial results.
Long-Lived and Intangible Assets
The recoverability of long-lived assets is evaluated if impairment indicators exist. Indicators of impairment include historical financial performance, operating trends and our future operating plans. If impairment indicators exist, we evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets on an operating unit basis (e.g., an individual restaurant) based on undiscounted expected future cash flows before interest for the expected remaining useful life of the operating unit. Recorded values for long-lived assets that are not expected to be recovered through undiscounted future cash flows are written down to current fair value, which is generally determined from estimated discounted future net cash flows for assets held for use or net realizable value for assets held for sale.
The recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets (i.e., goodwill) is evaluated annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist, on a reporting unit basis by comparing the fair value derived from discounted expected cash flows of the reporting unit to its carrying value. We purchased 118 domestic restaurants during 2007 and 2006 in several markets, which resulted in recording $41.7 million of goodwill. If our plans for increased sales, unit growth and profitability of these restaurants are not met, future impairment charges could occur.
At June 29, 2008, our United Kingdom subsidiary, Papa John’s UK (“PJUK”), had goodwill of approximately $17.2 million. In addition to the sale of the Perfect Pizza operations, which occurred in March 2006, we have restructured management and developed plans for PJUK to improve its future operating results. The plans include efforts to increase Papa John’s brand awareness in the United Kingdom and increase net PJUK franchise unit openings over the next several years. We will continue to periodically evaluate our progress in achieving these plans. If our initiatives are not successful, impairment charges could occur.
Insurance Reserves
Our insurance programs for workers’ compensation, general liability, owned and non-owned automobiles and health insurance coverage provided to our employees are self-insured up to certain individual and aggregate reinsurance levels. Losses are accrued based upon estimates of the aggregate retained liability for claims incurred using certain third-party actuarial projections and our claims loss experience. The estimated insurance claims losses could be significantly affected should the frequency or ultimate cost of claims significantly differ from historical trends used to estimate the insurance reserves recorded by the Company.
From October 2000 through September 2004, our captive insurance company, which provided insurance to our franchisees, was self-insured. In October 2004, a third-party commercial insurance company began providing fully-insured coverage to franchisees participating in the franchise insurance program. This arrangement eliminates our risk of loss for franchise insurance coverage written after September 2004, but our operating income will still be subject to potential adjustments for changes in estimated insurance reserves for policies written from the inception of the captive insurance company in October 2000 to September 2004. Such adjustments, if any, will be determined in part based upon periodic actuarial valuations.
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Tax Reserves
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and the related assets and liabilities. Income taxes are accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109,Accounting for Income Taxes. The provision for income taxes includes income taxes paid, currently payable or receivable and those deferred. Under SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax loss carryforwards. The effect on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates is recognized in the period in which the enactment date changes. As a result, our effective tax rate may fluctuate. Valuation allowances are established when necessary on a jurisdictional basis to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we expect to realize.
As of June 29, 2008, we had a net deferred income tax asset balance of $26.8 million, of which approximately $16.4 million relates to the net operating loss carryforward of BIBP Commodities, Inc. (“BIBP”). We have not provided a valuation allowance for the deferred income tax assets associated with our domestic operations, including BIBP, since we believe it is more likely than not that future earnings will be sufficient to ensure the realization of the net deferred income tax assets for federal and state purposes.
Certain tax authorities periodically audit the Company. We provide reserves for potential exposures based on Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FIN 48) requirements. We evaluate these issues on a quarterly basis to adjust for events, such as court rulings or audit settlements, which may impact our ultimate payment for such exposures.
Consolidation of BIBP Commodities, Inc. as a Variable Interest Entity
BIBP is a franchisee-owned corporation that conducts a cheese-purchasing program on behalf of domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants. As required by FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 (FIN 46), we consolidate the financial results of BIBP since we qualify as the primary beneficiary, as defined by FIN 46, of BIBP. We recognized pre-tax losses of $6.3 million and $14.3 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, and pre-tax losses of $8.3 million and $8.7 million for the three and six months ended July 1, 2007, respectively, from the consolidation of BIBP. We expect the consolidation of BIBP to continue to have a significant impact on Papa John’s operating income in future periods due to the volatility of cheese prices, but BIBP’s operating results are not expected to be cumulatively significant over time. Papa John’s will recognize the operating losses generated by BIBP if the shareholders’ equity of BIBP is in a net deficit position. Further,
13
Papa John’s will recognize subsequent operating income generated by BIBP up to the amount of BIBP losses previously recognized by Papa John’s.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
14
Restaurant Progression
Papa John’s Restaurant Progression:
U.S. Company-owned:
Beginning of period
648
586
577
Opened
Closed
(1
(2
(6
Acquired from franchisees
19
Sold to franchisees
End of period
652
606
International Company-owned:
17
(3
18
U.S. franchised:
2,122
2,086
2,112
2,080
24
38
(29
(15
(40
(26
Acquired from Company
Sold to Company
(13
(19
2,117
2,096
International franchised:
451
364
434
36
55
(4
483
380
Total restaurants - end of period
3,270
3,090
Results of Operations
Variable Interest Entities
As required by FIN 46, our operating results include BIBP’s operating results. The consolidation of BIBP had a significant impact on our operating results for the first six months of 2008 and the first six months and full year of 2007, and is expected to have a significant impact on our future operating results, including the full year of 2008, and income statement presentation as described below. However, the impact is not expected to be cumulatively significant over time.
Consolidation accounting requires the net impact from the consolidation of BIBP to be reflected primarily in three separate components of our statement of income. The first component is the portion of BIBP operating income or loss attributable to the amount of cheese purchased by Company-owned restaurants during the period. This portion of BIBP operating income (loss) is reflected as a reduction (increase) in the “Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses - cost of sales” line item. This approach effectively reports cost of sales for Company-owned restaurants as if the purchasing arrangement with BIBP did not exist and such restaurants were purchasing cheese at the spot market prices (i.e., the impact of BIBP is eliminated in consolidation).
The second component of the net impact from the consolidation of BIBP is reflected in the caption “Loss (income) from the franchise cheese-purchasing program, net of minority interest.” This line item represents BIBP’s income or loss from purchasing cheese at the spot market price and selling to franchised restaurants at a fixed quarterly price, net of any income or loss attributable to the minority interest BIBP shareholders. The
15
amount of income or loss attributable to the BIBP shareholders depends on its cumulative shareholders’ equity balance and the change in such balance during the reporting period. The third component is reflected as investment income or interest expense, depending upon whether BIBP is in a net investment or net borrowing position during the reporting period.
In addition, we have extended loans to certain franchisees. Under the FIN 46 rules, we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of certain franchisees even though we have no ownership interest in them. We consolidated the financial results of three franchise entities operating a total of thirteen restaurants with annual sales approximating $9.0 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008 and two franchise entities operating a total of seven restaurants with annual sales approximating $6.0 million for the three and six months ended July 1, 2007.
The following table summarizes the impact of VIEs, prior to required consolidating eliminations, on our consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008 and July 1, 2007 (in thousands):
1,601
BIBP sales
42,811
31,031
Operating expenses
46,370
2,153
48,523
37,607
1,464
39,071
23
82
105
22
56
Other general expense (income)
(12
70
16
46,393
48,632
37,629
39,230
Operating loss
(5,821
(8,199
(481
(58
Loss before income taxes
84,512
64,306
93,445
4,094
97,539
69,553
2,965
72,518
164
210
47
108
155
(9
192
93,491
97,770
69,600
72,889
(13,258
(8,583
(995
(80
Non-GAAP Measures
The financial information we present in this report excluding the impact of the consolidation of BIBP are not measures that are defined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). These non-GAAP measures should not be construed as a substitute for or a better indicator of the Company’s performance than the Company’s GAAP measures. We believe the financial information excluding the impact of the consolidation of BIBP is important for purposes of comparison to prior periods and development of future projections and earnings growth prospects. We analyze our business performance and trends excluding the impact of the consolidation of BIBP because the results of BIBP are not indicative of our principal operating activities. In addition, annual cash bonuses, and certain long-term incentive programs for various levels of management, are based on financial measures that exclude BIBP. We believe these non-GAAP measures provide management and investors with a more consistent view of performance than the closest GAAP equivalent. We compensate for this by using these measures in combination with the GAAP measures. The presentation of the non-GAAP measures in this report is made alongside the most directly comparable GAAP measures.
Summary of Operating Results
Total revenues were $283.4 million for the second quarter of 2008, representing an increase of $27.2 million, or 10.6%, from revenues of $256.3 million for the same period in 2007. For the six-month period ending June 29, 2008, total revenues were $572.4 million, representing an increase of $55.5 million, or 10.7%, from revenues of $516.9 million for the same period in 2007. The increases of $27.2 million and $55.5 million in revenues for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, were primarily due to the following:
· Domestic Company-owned restaurant revenues increased $14.2 million, or 11.9%, for the three-month period ending June 29, 2008, reflecting an increase in comparable sales results of 3.6% and an increase of 8.3% in equivalent units due to the acquisition of 42 domestic restaurants during the last six months of 2007. Domestic Company-owned restaurant revenues increased $31.0 million, or 12.8%, for the six-month period ending June 29, 2008, reflecting an increase in comparable sales results of 3.1% and an increase of 9.7% in equivalent units from the comparable period in 2007 due to the previously mentioned acquisition of 42 domestic restaurants. “Equivalent units” represents the number of restaurants open at the beginning of a given period, adjusted for restaurants opened, closed, acquired or sold during the period on a weighted average basis.
· Franchise royalties increased $1.0 million and $2.0 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, primarily due to the increase in royalty rate from 4.0% to 4.25% for the majority of domestic franchise restaurants effective at the beginning of 2008.
· Domestic commissaries revenues increased $10.1 million and $15.9 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, due to increases in the price of certain commodities, primarily cheese and wheat. The commissary charges a fixed dollar mark-up on its cost of cheese, and cheese cost is based upon the 40 lb. cheddar block price, which increased from $1.38 per pound in the second quarter of 2007 to $1.75 per pound in the second quarter of 2008, or a 26.8% increase, and increased from $1.36 per pound for the first six months of 2007 to $1.68 per pound for the first six months of 2008, or a 23.5% increase. The cost of wheat, as measured on domestic commodity markets, has increased more than 100% for the first six months of 2008, as compared to the corresponding 2007 period.
· International revenues increased $2.4 million and $4.3 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, reflecting the increase in both the number and average unit volumes of our Company-owned and franchised restaurants over the past year.
Our income before income taxes totaled $12.2 million and $25.8 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, compared to $11.1 million and $31.8 million for the same periods in 2007, respectively, as summarized in the following table on an operating segment basis (in thousands):
Increase
(Decrease)
(378
(795
(293
(1,874
1,030
2,459
512
1,093
314
1,794
(1,658
(2,582
(406
(541
Income before income taxes, excluding variable interest entities
18,488
19,367
(879
40,040
40,486
(446
1,955
(5,590
1,076
(6,036
Excluding the impact of the consolidation of BIBP, second quarter 2008 income before taxes was $18.5 million, or a decrease of approximately $900,000 from 2007 comparable results, and income before income taxes for the six months ended June 29, 2008 was $40.0 million, or a decrease of approximately $400,000 from 2007 comparable results. The decreases of $900,000 and $400,000, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008 (excluding the consolidation of BIBP) were principally due to the following:
· Domestic Company-owned Restaurant Segment. Domestic Company-owned restaurants’ operating income decreased approximately $400,000 and $800,000 for the three- and six-month periods ended June 29, 2008, respectively. The second quarter of 2007 included a $600,000 pre-tax gain associated with the termination of a lease agreement. Excluding the $600,000 gain associated with this termination, operating income increased $200,000 in the three-month period ended June 29, 2008. The six-month 2008 operating results included a $1.2 million loss on the anticipated sale of Company-owned restaurants and the costs associated with the closing of five restaurants during the first quarter of 2008, compared to a loss of approximately $100,000 in the prior year. Excluding both the incremental $1.1 million loss associated with the disposition of restaurants and the prior year gain on lease termination noted above, domestic Company-owned restaurants’ operating income improved approximately $900,000 in the six-month period ended June 29, 2008 as compared to the same period in 2007. The improvement in operating results associated with the acquisition of 42 restaurants during the last six months of 2007 and the fixed cost leverage associated with increases of 3.6% and 3.1% in comparable sales for the three- and six-month periods ended June 29, 2008 was substantially offset by the significant rise in commodity costs during the three and six months ended June 29, 2008. Restaurant operating margin, excluding the impact of consolidating BIBP, decreased as a percentage of sales 1.3% and 1.1% for the three- and six-month periods ended June 29, 2008, respectively.
· Domestic Commissary Segment. Domestic commissaries’ operating income decreased approximately $300,000 and $1.9 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, reflecting a reduction in gross margin percentage from increases in the cost of certain commodities and increases in distribution costs due to higher fuel prices.
· Domestic Franchising Segment. Domestic franchising operating income increased $1.0 million, to $13.1 million, for the three months ended June 29, 2008, from $12.1 million in the prior comparable period and increased $2.5 million to $27.6 million for the six-month period ended June 29, 2008, from $25.1 million in the prior comparable period. The increases for both the three- and six-month periods
were primarily the result of the 0.25% increase in our royalty rate implemented at the beginning of 2008 (the royalty rate for the majority of domestic franchisees is 4.25% in 2008 as compared to 4.0% in 2007). The increase in the royalty rate was a part of the franchise agreement renewal program announced in the fourth quarter of 2007. This program was completed during the first quarter of 2008, with over 95% of our domestic franchisees renewing under the new form of franchise agreement. Our equivalent franchise units for both the three and six months ended June 29, 2008 were relatively consistent with the corresponding 2007 periods as net unit openings offset the previously mentioned acquisition of 42 restaurants by the Company during the last six months of 2007.
· International Segment. The international segment reported operating losses of $1.5 million and $3.3 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, compared to losses of $2.0 million and $4.4 million, respectively, in the same periods of the prior year. The improvements of $500,000 and $1.1 million in operating results reflect leverage on the international organizational structure from increased revenues due to growth in the number of units and unit volumes.
· All Others Segment. The operating income for the “All others” reporting segment increased approximately $300,000 and $1.8 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, as compared to the corresponding 2007 periods. The increases are primarily due to improvements in operating results of our print and promotions subsidiary, Preferred Marketing Solutions, Inc., resulting from increased commercial sales and related margin improvement.
· Unallocated Corporate Segment. Unallocated corporate expenses increased $1.7 million and $2.6 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, as compared to the corresponding periods of the prior year. The components of the unallocated corporate expenses were as follows (in thousands):
(decrease)
General and administrative
6,048
4,404
1,644
12,196
9,289
2,907
Net interest
1,186
1,406
(220
2,358
2,698
(340
Depreciation
1,940
1,587
353
3,737
3,313
424
Contributions to the Marketing Fund
75
150
400
(250
Other expense (income)
(105
89
(194
(78
81
(159
Total unallocated corporate expenses
9,144
7,486
1,658
18,363
15,781
2,582
The increases in unallocated general and administrative costs for both the three- and six-month periods were primarily due to increases in executive incentive compensation, including our management incentive program, as a result of (1) an expected higher level of goal achievement in 2008 as compared to 2007; and (2) the fact that the prior year periods included adjustments of approximately $1.2 million for awards forfeited by our Founder Chairman due to a change in status from an employee director of the Company to a non-employee director. Additionally, an increase in certain employee benefit costs during 2008, including health insurance and severance-related costs recorded in the first quarter of 2008 impacted the year-over-year comparison.
Diluted earnings per share were $0.27 (including a $0.14 per share loss from the consolidation of BIBP) in the second quarter of 2008, compared to $0.23 (including a $0.17 per share loss from the consolidation of BIBP) in the second quarter of 2007. For the six months ended June 29, 2008, diluted earnings per share were $0.57 (including a $0.32 per share loss from the consolidation of BIBP), compared to $0.66 per share (including an $0.18 per share loss from the consolidation of BIBP) for the comparable period in 2007. Share repurchase activity had almost no impact on earnings per diluted share for both the three and six months ended June 29, 2008 ($0.01 impact excluding BIBP for both the three- and six-month periods).
Review of Operating Results
Revenues. Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales were $133.8 million for the three months ended June 29, 2008, compared to $119.6 million for the same period in 2007, and $272.7 million for the six months ended June 29, 2008, compared to $241.7 million for the same period in 2007. The increases for the three- and six-month periods were due to increases in comparable sales of 3.6% and 3.1%, respectively, and increases of 8.3% and 9.7%, respectively, in equivalent units due to the acquisition of 42 domestic restaurants during the last six months of 2007.
Variable interest entities restaurant sales include restaurant sales for franchise entities to which we have extended loans. Revenues from these restaurants totaled $2.2 million and $4.3 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, as compared to $1.6 million and $3.3 million for the corresponding periods in 2007. During the third quarter of 2007, we began consolidating an entity with five restaurants and $2.4 million in annual revenues as a result of loans provided to this franchisee. We have no further lending commitments to these franchisees.
Domestic franchise sales for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008 increased 2.3% to $372.6 million and increased 1.9% to $754.4 million, from $364.1 million and $740.5 million for the same periods in 2007, respectively, primarily resulting from increases of 1.9% and 1.6% in comparable sales for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively. Domestic franchise royalties were $14.8 million and $30.2 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, representing increases of 7.4% and 7.1%, respectively, over the prior comparable periods. The increases were primarily due to an increase in the royalty rate from 4.0% to 4.25% for the majority of domestic franchise restaurants effective at the beginning of 2008. Our equivalent franchise units for both the three- and six-month periods ended June 29, 2008 were relatively consistent with the corresponding 2007 periods as net unit openings offset the previously mentioned acquisition of 42 restaurants by the Company during the last six months of 2007.
Average weekly sales for comparable units include restaurants that were open throughout the periods presented below. The comparable sales base for Company-owned and franchised restaurants, respectively, includes restaurants acquired by the Company or divested to franchisees, as the case may be, during the previous twelve months. Average weekly sales for other units include restaurants that were not open throughout the periods presented below and include non-traditional sites such as Six Flags theme parks and Live Nation concert amphitheaters.
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The comparable sales base and average weekly sales for 2008 and 2007 for domestic Company-owned and domestic franchised restaurants consisted of the following:
Company
Franchise
Total domestic units (end of period)
Equivalent units
2,061
598
2,047
Comparable sales base units
618
1,912
569
1,932
Comparable sales base percentage
95.5
%
92.8
95.2
94.4
Average weekly sales - comparable units
16,126
13,987
15,711
13,645
Average weekly sales - traditional non-comparable units
12,283
10,319
9,491
11,106
Average weekly sales - non-traditional non-comparable units
6,456
27,918
7,240
28,066
Average weekly sales - total non-comparable units
11,409
12,902
9,153
14,362
Average weekly sales - all units
15,916
13,909
15,397
13,685
645
2,057
589
2,044
617
1,915
562
1,935
95.7
93.1
94.7
16,464
14,222
16,071
13,961
12,410
10,920
10,129
11,360
6,930
24,009
7,664
24,803
11,646
12,545
9,746
13,429
16,250
14,107
15,788
13,932
Domestic franchise and development fees were approximately $200,000 for the three months ended June 29, 2008, including approximately $100,000 recognized upon development cancellation, extension and transfer fees, compared to approximately $500,000, including $100,000 recognized upon development cancellation, extension and transfer fees, for the same period in 2007. Domestic franchise and development fees decreased to $1.2 million for the six months ended June 29, 2008, including approximately $500,000 associated with the completion of the franchise renewal program and $200,000 in development cancellation, extension and transfer fees, compared to $1.3 million for the same period in 2007, including $377,000 upon development cancellation, extension and transfer fees. There were 24 and 46 domestic franchise restaurant openings during the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, including four units at Live Nation concert amphitheaters with no opening fees, compared to 38 and 60 openings, respectively, during the same periods in 2007, including 13 units at Live Nation concert amphitheaters. The decrease in fees, exclusive of cancellation, renewal, extension and transfer fees was primarily the result of fee reductions granted to certain franchisees who opened restaurants in underpenetrated markets.
Domestic commissary sales increased 10.5% to $106.3 million for the three months ended June 29, 2008 from $96.2 million in the comparable 2007 period and increased 8.1% to $212.4 million for the six months ended June 29, 2008, from $196.4 million for the comparable 2007 period, reflecting an increase in the price of certain commodities, primarily cheese and wheat. Our commissaries charge a fixed dollar mark-up on the cost of cheese, and cheese cost is based upon the 40 lb. cheddar block price, which increased from $1.38 per pound in the second quarter of 2007 to $1.75 per pound in the second quarter of 2008, or a 26.8% increase, and increased from $1.36 per pound for the first six months of 2007 to $1.68 per pound for the first six months of
21
2008, or a 23.5% increase. Other sales decreased to $16.4 million for the three months ended June 29, 2008, from $17.4 million in the prior comparable period and increased to $33.3 million for the six months ended June 29, 2008, from $31.8 million in the prior comparable period. The changes in other sales were primarily due to changes in volumes at our print and promotions subsidiary, Preferred Marketing Solutions, Inc.
Our PJUK operations, denominated in British Pounds Sterling and converted to U.S. dollars, represent approximately 58% of international revenues during the six-month period in 2008, compared to 63% during the six-month period in 2007. International revenues were $9.6 million and $18.4 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, compared to $7.2 million and $14.1 million for the comparable periods in 2007, reflecting the increase in both the number and average unit volumes of our Company-owned and franchised restaurants over the past year.
Costs and Expenses. The restaurant operating margin for domestic Company-owned units was 18.3% and 18.6% for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, compared to 19.0% and 19.9% for the same periods in 2007. Excluding the impact of consolidating BIBP, the restaurant operating margin decreased 1.3% to 19.3% in the second quarter of 2008 from 20.6% in the same quarter of the prior year, and decreased 1.1% to 19.8% for the six months ended June 29, 2008 from 20.9% in the corresponding period of 2007, consisting of the following differences:
· Cost of sales increased 2.0% and 1.6% for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008 primarily due to an increase in commodities (principally cheese and wheat).
· Salaries and benefits were 0.1% and 0.2% lower as a percentage of sales for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, compared to the 2007 corresponding periods, as increased sales offset labor increases resulting from federal and state minimum wage increases in the latter half of 2007.
· Advertising and related costs as a percentage of sales were 0.4% and 0.1% lower for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008 as compared to the corresponding periods in 2007 reflecting fewer discretionary advertising dollars spent during 2008.
· Occupancy costs and other operating costs, on a combined basis, as a percentage of sales, were 0.1% lower for both the three- and six-month periods, respectively, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2007.
Domestic commissary and other margin was 9.4% and 9.7% for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, compared to 11.0% and 11.2% for the same periods in 2007. Cost of sales was 73.3% of revenues for both the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, compared to 71.3% for both the three- and six-month periods in 2007. Cost of sales, as a percentage of revenues, increased due to increases in the cost of certain commodities that were not passed along via price increases to domestic restaurants and due to the previously mentioned fixed dollar markup on the cost of cheese. Given the current commodity cost environment, we chose to mitigate commodity cost increases at domestic restaurants by supporting the entire domestic system via reduced commissary margins. Salaries and benefits were $9.1 million and $18.1 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, which were relatively consistent with the prior comparable periods. Other operating expenses increased approximately $1.0 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, as compared to the prior comparable periods, reflecting increases in distribution costs due to higher fuel prices.
The loss from the franchise cheese-purchasing program, net of minority interest, was $4.4 million for the three months ended June 29, 2008 compared to $6.3 million for the comparable period in 2007. For the six months ended June 29, 2008, the Company recorded a loss of $9.9 million compared to a loss of $6.2 million for the same period in 2007. These results only represent the portion of BIBP’s operating income related to the proportion of BIBP cheese sales to franchisees. The total impact of the consolidation of BIBP on Papa John’s pre-tax income was a loss of $6.3 million and $14.3 million for the three- and six-month periods ended June 29, 2008, compared to losses of $8.3 million and $8.7 million for the same periods in 2007.
General and administrative expenses were $27.2 million or 9.6% of revenues for the three months ended June 29, 2008 compared to $25.2 million or 9.8% of revenues in the same period of 2007, and $54.5 million, or 9.5% of revenues, for the six months ended June 29, 2008, compared to $50.6 million, or 9.8% of revenues, for the same period in 2007. The increases of $2.0 million and $3.8 million for the three- and six-month periods ended June 29, 2008 were primarily due to increases in executive incentive compensation, including our management incentive program, as a result of (1) an expected higher level of goal achievement in 2008 as compared to 2007; and (2) the fact that the prior year periods included adjustments of approximately $1.2 million for awards forfeited by our Founder Chairman due to a change in status from an employee director of the Company to a non-employee director. Additionally, an increase in certain employee benefit costs during 2008, including health insurance and severance-related costs recorded in the first quarter of 2008 impacted the year-over-year comparison.
Minority interests and other general expenses reflected net expense of $1.2 million and $4.0 million for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, compared to approximately $1.0 million and $2.9 million, respectively, for the comparable periods in 2007 as detailed below (in thousands):
Minority interests
267
1,194
967
227
Restaurant impairment and closure reserves (a)
(65
Disposition and valuation-related costs of other assets
230
1,038
(808
643
(763
Provision (income) for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable (b)
163
(102
265
489
354
135
Pre-opening costs
26
184
(158
69
242
(173
Contribution to Marketing Fund
244
488
88
Gain associated with a terminated lease agreement
(594
594
(47
93
(140
(95
161
Total minority interests and other general expenses
199
1,019
(a) The six-month period of 2008 includes an impairment charge associated with the loss on the anticipated sale of 27 restaurants in two markets and costs associated with the closing of five restaurants.
(b) The three- and six-month periods of 2007 include the collection of $650,000, which had previously been reserved, from Papa Card, Inc., a nonstock, nonprofit corporation, which administers the Papa John’s gift card program.
Depreciation and amortization was $8.4 million (3.0% of revenues) for the three months ended June 29, 2008 compared to $7.6 million (3.0% of revenues) for the comparable period in 2007 and $16.4 million (2.9% of revenues) for the six months ended June 29, 2008 compared to $15.5 million (3.0% of revenues) for the comparable period in 2007. The increase in depreciation expense is principally due to the acquisition of 42 restaurants during the last six months of 2007, capital additions we have made within our restaurant operations, and the addition of certain information technology assets.
Net interest. Net interest expense was $1.6 million for the three months ended June 29, 2008 as compared to $1.3 million in 2007 and $3.2 million for the six months ended June 29, 2008, compared to $2.5 million for the comparable period in 2007. The increase in net interest expense reflects the increase in our average outstanding debt balance resulting from our share repurchase program and restaurant acquisitions during 2007.
Income Tax Expense. The effective income tax rates were 37.2% and 36.9% for the three and six months ended June 29, 2008, respectively, (36.5% and 36.2% for the three- and six-month periods, respectively, excluding BIBP) compared to 36.9% and 36.6% for the same periods in 2007, respectively (36.5% for both the three- and six-month periods in 2007, excluding BIBP).
Liquidity and Capital Resources
* The VIEs’ third-party creditors do not have any recourse to Papa John’s.
Our revolving line of credit allows us to borrow up to $175.0 million until its expiration date in January 2011. Outstanding balances accrue interest at 50.0 to 100.0 basis points over the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or other bank developed rates at our option. The commitment fee on the unused balance ranges from 12.5 to 20.0 basis points. The increment over LIBOR and the commitment fee are determined quarterly based upon the ratio of total indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), as defined in the line of credit.
Cash flow from operating activities was $29.3 million in the first six months of 2008 compared to $26.2 million for the same period in 2007. The consolidation of BIBP decreased cash flow from operations by approximately $14.3 million and $8.7 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively (as reflected in the income from operations and deferred income taxes captions in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows). Excluding the impact of the consolidation of BIBP, cash flow from operating activities was $43.5 million for the first six months of 2008 and $34.9 million for the first six months of 2007. The $8.6 million increase, excluding the consolidation of BIBP, was primarily due to an improvement in working capital, including income and other taxes, accrued expenses and accounts payable.
We require capital primarily for the development, acquisition, renovation and maintenance of restaurants, the development, renovation and maintenance of commissary and print and promotions facilities and equipment and the enhancement of corporate systems and facilities. In addition, we have a common stock repurchase program. During the six months ended June 29, 2008, common stock repurchases of $20.3 million and capital expenditures of $16.0 million were funded primarily by cash flow from operations and from available cash and cash equivalents.
Our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of $50.0 million of our common stock during 2008. We repurchased approximately 768,000 shares of our common stock at an average price of $26.40 per share, or a total of $20.3 million, during the first six months of 2008. Subsequent to June 29, 2008 (through July 30, 2008), we acquired an additional 255,000 shares at an aggregate cost of $6.9 million. As of July 30, 2008, approximately $22.8 million remains available for repurchase of common stock under this authorization.
We expect to fund planned capital expenditures and any additional share repurchases of our common stock for the remainder of 2008 from operating cash flows and the $19.5 million remaining availability under our line of credit, reduced for certain outstanding letters of credit.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain information contained in this quarterly report, particularly information regarding future financial performance and plans and objectives of management, is forward-looking. Certain factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to: changes in pricing or other marketing or promotional strategies by competitors which may adversely affect sales; new product and concept developments by food industry competitors; the ability of the Company and its franchisees to meet planned growth targets and operate new and existing restaurants profitably; general economic conditions; increases in or sustained high cost levels of food ingredients and other commodities, paper, utilities, fuel, employee compensation and benefits, insurance and similar costs; the ability to obtain ingredients from alternative suppliers, if needed; health- or disease-related disruptions or consumer concerns about commodities supplies; the selection and availability of suitable restaurant locations; negotiation of suitable lease or financing terms; constraints on permitting and construction of restaurants; local governmental agencies’ restrictions on the sale of certain food products; higher-than-anticipated construction costs; the hiring, training and retention of management and other personnel; changes in consumer taste, demographic trends, traffic patterns and the type, number and location of competing restaurants; franchisee relations; the uncertainties associated with litigation; the possibility of impairment charges if PJUK or recently acquired restaurants perform below our expectations; our PJUK operations remain contingently liable for payment under certain lease arrangements with a total value of approximately $10.0 million associated with the sold Perfect Pizza operations; federal and state laws governing such matters as wages, benefits, working conditions, citizenship requirements and overtime, including legislation to further increase the federal and state minimum wage; and labor shortages in various markets resulting in higher required wage rates. In recent months, the credit markets have experienced instability. Our franchisees may experience difficulty in obtaining adequate financing and thus our growth strategy and franchise revenues may be adversely affected. The above factors might be especially harmful to the financial viability of franchisees or Company-owned operations in under-penetrated or emerging markets, leading to greater unit closings than anticipated. Increases in projected claims losses for the Company’s self-insured coverage or within the captive franchise insurance program could have a significant impact on our operating results. Additionally, domestic franchisees are only required to purchase seasoned sauce and dough from our quality control centers (“QC Centers”) and changes in purchasing practices by domestic franchisees could adversely affect the financial results of our QC Centers. Our international operations are subject to additional factors, including political and health conditions in the countries in which the Company or its franchisees operate; currency regulations and fluctuations; differing business and social cultures and consumer preferences; diverse government regulations and structures; ability to source high-quality ingredients and other commodities in a cost-effective manner; and differing interpretation of the obligations established in franchise agreements with international franchisees. See “Part I. Item 1A. - Risk Factors” of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2007 for additional factors.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our debt at June 29, 2008 was principally comprised of a $135.1 million outstanding principal balance on the $175.0 million unsecured revolving line of credit. The interest rate on the revolving line of credit is variable and is based on LIBOR plus a 50.0 to 100.0 basis point spread, tiered based upon debt and cash flow levels.
We have two interest rate swap agreements that provide for fixed rates of 4.98% and 5.18%, as compared to LIBOR, on the following amount of floating rate debt:
FloatingRate Debt
FixedRates
The first interest rate swap agreement:
March 15, 2006 to January 16, 2007
50 million
4.98
January 16, 2007 to January 15, 2009
60 million
January 15, 2009 to January 15, 2011
The second interest rate swap agreement:
March 1, 2007 to January 31, 2009
30 million
5.18
The effective interest rate on the line of credit, including the impact of the two interest rate swap agreements, was 4.8% as of June 29, 2008. An increase in the present interest rate of 100 basis points on the line of credit balance outstanding as of June 29, 2008, as mitigated by the interest rate swap agreements based on present interest rates, would increase interest expense approximately $451,000. The annual impact of a 100 basis point increase in interest rates on the debt associated with BIBP would be $122,000.
Substantially all of our business is transacted in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, foreign exchange rate fluctuations do not have a significant impact on our operating results.
Cheese costs, historically representing 35% to 40% of our total food cost, are subject to seasonal fluctuations, weather, availability, demand and other factors that are beyond our control. As previously discussed in Results of Operations and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, we have a purchasing arrangement with a third-party entity, BIBP, formed at the direction of our Franchise Advisory Council for the sole purpose of reducing cheese price volatility to domestic system-wide restaurants. Under this arrangement, domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants are able to purchase cheese at a fixed price per pound throughout a given quarter, based in part on historical average cheese prices. Gains and losses incurred by BIBP are used as a factor in determining adjustments to the selling price to restaurants over time. Accordingly, for any given quarter, the price paid by the domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants may be less than or greater than the prevailing average market price.
As a result of the adoption of FIN 46, Papa John’s began consolidating the operating results of BIBP in 2004. Consolidation accounting requires the portion of BIBP operating income (loss) related to domestic Company-owned restaurants to be reflected as a reduction (increase) in the “Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses – cost of sales” line item, thus reflecting the actual market price of cheese had the purchasing arrangement not existed. The consolidation of BIBP had a significant impact on our operating results for the first six months of 2008 as well as the first six months of 2007 and is expected to have a significant impact on future operating results depending on the prevailing spot block market price of cheese as compared to the price charged to domestic restaurants. Over time, we expect BIBP to achieve break-even financial results.
The following table presents the actual average block price for cheese and the BIBP block price by quarter as projected through the second quarter of 2009 (based on the July 30, 2008 Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) milk futures market prices) and the actual prices in 2008 and 2007 to date:
2009
Actual
Block Price
Quarter 1
2.030
*
1.930
1.608
1.904
1.344
1.341
Quarter 2
2.068
1.962
1.754
1.996
1.379
1.684
Quarter 3
N/A
2.042
1.946
1.497
1.969
Quarter 4
2.022
1.960
1.564
1.982
Full Year
1.857
1.952
1.446
1.744
* amounts are estimates based on futures prices
N/A - not available
The following table presents the 2007 impact by quarter on our pre-tax income due to consolidating BIBP (in thousands):
(10,707
(12,339
(31,709
Additionally, based on the CME milk futures market prices as of July 30, 2008, and the actual third quarter and projected fourth quarter of 2008 and first and second quarters of 2009, cheese costs to restaurants as determined by the BIBP pricing formula, the consolidation of BIBP is projected to increase (decrease) our pre-tax income as follows (in thousands):
Quarter 1 - 2008
(7,951
Quarter 2 - 2008
Quarter 3 - 2008
2,286
Quarter 4 - 2008
1,599
Full Year - 2008
(10,368
)*
Quarter 1 - 2009
2,493
Quarter 2 - 2009
2,533
*The projections above are based upon current futures market prices. Historically, actual results have been subject to large fluctuations and have differed significantly from previous projections using the futures market prices.
Over the long-term, we expect to purchase cheese at a price approximating the actual average market price and therefore we do not generally make use of financial instruments to hedge commodity prices.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“1934 Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon their evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance that all required information relating to the Company is included in this quarterly report.
We also maintain a system of internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the 1934 Act) designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. During our most recent fiscal quarter, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that all such claims and actions currently pending against us are either adequately covered by insurance or would not have a material adverse effect on us if decided in a manner unfavorable to us.
Item 1.A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1.A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our 2007 fiscal year could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition or operating results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that it currently deems to be immaterial also may adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The Papa John’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $725.0 million of common stock under a share repurchase program that began December 9, 1999, and runs through December 28, 2008. Through June 29, 2008, a total of 41.6 million shares with an aggregate cost of $695.3 million and an average price of $16.73 per share have been repurchased under this program. As of June 29, 2008, approximately $29.7 million remains available for repurchase of common stock under this authorization. The following table summarizes our repurchases by fiscal period during the first six months of 2008 (in thousands, except per-share amounts):
Total Number
Maximum Dollar
Average
of Shares Purchased
Value of Shares
Number
Price
as Part of
that May Yet Be
of Shares
Paid per
Publicly Announced
Purchased Under the
Fiscal Period
Purchased
Share
Plans or Programs
12/31/2007 - 01/27/2008
104
21.74
40,893
47,700
01/28/2008 - 02/24/2008
02/25/2008 - 03/30/2008
03/31/2008 - 04/27/2008
203
25.51
41,096
42,523
04/28/2008 - 05/25/2008
214
27.29
41,310
36,690
05/26/2008 - 06/29/2008
28.32
41,557
29,685
*There were no share repurchases during this period.
On March 31, 2008, we adopted a written trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to facilitate the repurchase of shares of our common stock under this share repurchase program. There can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our common stock either through our Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or otherwise. We may terminate the Rule 10b5-1 trading plan at any time.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Our annual meeting of stockholders was held on May 8, 2008 at our corporate office in Louisville, Kentucky.
At the meeting, our stockholders elected four directors to serve until the 2011 annual meeting of stockholders. The vote counts were as follows:
Votes Cast For
Votes Cast Against
Abstentions
Wade S. Oney
26,826,929
209,211
4,699
John H. Schnatter
26,780,520
256,557
3,762
Alexander W. Smith
25,410,914
1,622,210
7,715
Nigel Travis
26,855,397
181,257
4,185
John O. Hatab served as a director of the Company until his death on June 29, 2008. Philip Guarascio, Olivia F. Kirtley, J. Jude Thompson, F. William Barnett, Norborne P. Cole Jr. and William M. Street continue to serve as directors.
At the meeting, our stockholders ratified the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent auditors for the fiscal year ending December 28, 2008, by a vote of 26,944,161 affirmative to 92,099 negative, with 4,579 abstentions. The stockholders also approved the adoption of the Papa John’s International, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan by a vote of 22,621,403 affirmative to 2,927,510 negative, with 13,450 abstentions and 1,478,476 broker non-votes.
Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit
Description
10.1
Papa John’s International, Inc. Omnibus Plan. Exhibit 10.1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-150762) dated May 5, 2008 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.2
Amendment and Restated Exclusive License Agreement between John H. Schnatter and Papa John’s International, Inc. Exhibit 10.1 to our report on Form 8-K dated May 14, 2008 is incorporated herein by reference.
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
(Registrant)
Date: August 5, 2008
/s/ J. David Flanery
J. David Flanery
Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
31