Companies: 10,761     total market cap: $129.881 T
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Sandy Spring Bank
SASR
#5499
Rank
$1.26 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$27.95
Share price
1.27%
Change (1 day)
20.06%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿฆ Banks๐Ÿ’ณ Financial services
Categories
  1. Sandy Spring Bank
  2. Quarterly Reports (10-Q)
  3. Financial Year FY2020 Q3

Sandy Spring Bank - 10-Q quarterly report FY2020 Q3


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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2020
 
OR
 
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from                         to ____________
 
Commission File Number: 0-19065
 
 
 
 
 
SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Maryland 52-1532952
(State of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
 
17801 Georgia Avenue, Olney, Maryland
 20832
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
 
301-774-6400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per shareSASRThe NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)
Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of outstanding shares of common stock outstanding as of November 4, 2020
 
Common stock, $1.00 par value – 47,040,422 shares


SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
 
  
  
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Condition - Unaudited at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019
3
  
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income - Unaudited for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
4
  
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Unaudited for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
5
  
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity – Unaudited for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
6
  
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Unaudited for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
8
  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
9
  
Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
40
  
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2

Part I
Item 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION – UNAUDITED
 
 September 30,December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)20202019
Assets:  
Cash and due from banks$107,364 $82,469 
Federal funds sold390 208 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks117,129 63,426 
Cash and cash equivalents224,883 146,103 
Residential mortgage loans held for sale (at fair value)88,728 53,701 
Investments available-for-sale (at fair value)1,357,205 1,073,333 
Equity securities68,528 51,803 
Total loans10,333,935 6,705,232 
Less: allowance for credit losses(170,314)(56,132)
Net loans10,163,621 6,649,100 
Premises and equipment, net58,738 58,615 
Other real estate owned1,389 1,482 
Accrued interest receivable48,176 23,282 
Goodwill370,549 347,149 
Other intangible assets, net34,175 7,841 
Other assets262,139 216,593 
Total assets$12,678,131 $8,629,002 
Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits$3,458,804 $1,892,052 
Interest-bearing deposits6,506,165 4,548,267 
Total deposits9,964,969 6,440,319 
Securities sold under retail repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased462,706 213,605 
Advances from FHLB444,210 513,777 
Subordinated debt230,300 209,406 
Total borrowings1,137,216 936,788 
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities151,197 118,921 
Total liabilities11,253,382 7,496,028 
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock -- par value $1.00 ; shares authorized 100,000,000; shares issued and outstanding
47,025,779 and 34,970,370 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively
47,026 34,970 
Additional paid in capital845,399 586,622 
Retained earnings514,831 515,714 
Accumulated other comprehensive income/ (loss)17,493 (4,332)
Total stockholders' equity1,424,749 1,132,974 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$12,678,131 $8,629,002 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements
3

SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME – UNAUDITED
 Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
 September 30,September 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)2020201920202019
Interest income:    
Interest and fees on loans$106,560 $79,167 $288,721 $239,028 
Interest on loans held for sale398 572 1,094 1,145 
Interest on deposits with banks84 783 419 1,405 
Interest and dividends on investment securities:
Taxable for federal income taxes4,488 5,221 17,270 16,302 
Exempt from federal income taxes1,454 1,337 4,264 4,591 
Interest on federal funds sold— 2 1 8 
Total interest income112,984 87,082 311,769 262,479 
Interest expense:
Interest on deposits9,439 16,332 35,241 46,958 
Interest on retail repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased551 257 1,731 945 
Interest on advances from FHLB2,841 3,222 3,863 13,389 
Interest on subordinated debt2,669 481 7,602 1,462 
Total interest expense15,500 20,292 48,437 62,754 
Net interest income97,484 66,790 263,332 199,725 
Provision for credit losses7,003 1,524 90,158 3,029 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses90,481 65,266 173,174 196,696 
Non-interest income:
Investment securities gains51 15 432 20 
Service charges on deposit accounts1,673 2,516 5,149 7,265 
Mortgage banking activities14,108 4,408 25,567 10,541 
Wealth management income7,785 5,493 22,355 16,268 
Insurance agency commissions2,122 2,116 5,439 5,281 
Income from bank owned life insurance708 662 2,162 2,505 
Bank card fees1,525 1,462 4,102 4,181 
Other income1,418 1,901 5,276 6,037 
Total non-interest income29,390 18,573 70,482 52,098 
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits36,041 26,234 98,391 77,699 
Occupancy expense of premises5,575 4,816 16,147 14,807 
Equipment expense3,133 2,641 9,103 7,929 
Marketing1,305 1,541 3,223 3,371 
Outside data services2,614 1,973 6,365 5,713 
FDIC insurance1,340 (83)3,200 2,137 
Amortization of intangible assets1,968 491 4,566 1,465 
Merger and acquisition expense1,263 364 25,171 364 
Professional fees and services1,800 1,546 5,466 4,425 
Other expenses5,898 5,402 22,489 15,094 
Total non-interest expense60,937 44,925 194,121 133,004 
Income before income taxes58,934 38,914 49,535 115,790 
Income tax expense14,292 9,531 9,244 27,814 
Net income$44,642 $29,383 $40,291 $87,976 
Per share information:
Basic net income per common share$0.94 $0.82 $0.93 $2.46 
Diluted net income per common share$0.94 $0.82 $0.93 $2.45 
Dividends declared per share$0.30 $0.30 $0.90 $0.88 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements
4

SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – UNAUDITED
 
 Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30,September 30,
(In thousands)2020201920202019
Net income$44,642 $29,383 $40,291 $87,976 
Other comprehensive income:
Investments available-for-sale:
Net change in unrealized gains on investments available-for-sale3,445 912 29,074 16,893 
Related income tax expense(909)(239)(7,424)(4,418)
Net investment gains reclassified into earnings(51)(15)(432)(20)
Related income tax expense13 4 110 5 
Net effect on other comprehensive income for the period2,498 662 21,328 12,460 
Defined benefit pension plan:
Recognition of unrealized loss219 264 656 794 
Related income tax benefit(48)(69)(159)(208)
Net effect on other comprehensive income for the period171 195 497 586 
Total other comprehensive income2,669 857 21,825 13,046 
Comprehensive income$47,311 $30,240 $62,116 $101,022 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements
5

SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY – UNAUDITED
 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income/ (Loss)		Total
Stockholders'
Equity
Balances at July 1, 2020$47,001 $843,876 $484,392 $14,824 $1,390,093 
Net income— — 44,642 — 44,642 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — 2,669 2,669 
Total comprehensive income47,311 
Common stock dividends - $0.30 per share
— — (14,205)— (14,205)
Stock compensation expense— 1,032 — — 1,032 
Common stock issued pursuant to:
Stock option plan - 1,575 shares
2 16 — — 18 
Employee stock purchase plan - 21,374 shares
21 503 — — 524 
Restricted stock vesting, net of withholding - 1,808
    shares
2 (28)— — (26)
Adoption of ASC 326 - Financial Instruments - Credit
Losses		— — 2 — 2 
Balances at September 30, 2020$47,026 $845,399 $514,831 $17,493 $1,424,749 
Balances at July 1, 2019$35,615 $608,006 $479,389 $(3,565)$1,119,445 
Net income— — 29,383 — 29,383 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — 857 857 
Total comprehensive income30,240 
Common stock dividends - $0.30 per share
— — (10,752)— (10,752)
Stock compensation expense— 786 — — 786 
Common stock issued pursuant to:
Stock option plan - 1,325 shares
1 34 — — 35 
Employee stock purchase plan - 9,544 shares
10 277 — — 287 
Balances at September 30, 2019$35,626 $609,103 $498,020 $(2,708)$1,140,041 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements
6

SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY – UNAUDITED

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income/ (Loss)		Total
Stockholders'
Equity
Balances at January 1, 2020$34,970 $586,622 $515,714 $(4,332)$1,132,974 
Net income— — 40,291 — 40,291 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — 21,825 21,825 
Total comprehensive income62,116 
Common stock dividends - $0.90 per share
— — (38,953)— (38,953)
Stock compensation expense— 2,824 — — 2,824 
Common stock issued pursuant to:
Revere Bank acquisition - 12,768,949 shares
12,769 276,320 — — 289,089 
Stock option plan - 10,213 shares
11 154 — — 165 
Conversion of Revere stock options - 395,298 options
— 3,611 — — 3,611 
Employee stock purchase plan - 50,189 shares
50 1,259 — — 1,309 
Restricted stock vesting, net of withholding - 46,386
    shares
46 (509)— — (463)
Adoption of ASC 326 - Financial Instruments - Credit
Losses		— — (2,221)— (2,221)
Repurchase of common stock - 820,328 shares
(820)(24,882)— — (25,702)
Balances at September 30, 2020$47,026 $845,399 $514,831 $17,493 $1,424,749 
Balances at January 1, 2019$35,531 $606,573 $441,553 $(15,754)$1,067,903 
Net income— — 87,976 — 87,976 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — 13,046 13,046 
Total comprehensive income101,022 
Common stock dividends - $0.88 per share
— — (31,509)— (31,509)
Stock compensation expense— 2,259 — — 2,259 
Common stock issued pursuant to:
Director's stock purchase plan - 867 shares
1 29 — — 30 
Stock option plan - 12,222 shares
12 247 — — 259 
Employee stock purchase plan - 27,210 shares
27 752 — — 779 
Restricted stock vesting, net of withholding - 54,789 shares
55 (757)— — (702)
Balances at September 30, 2019$35,626 $609,103 $498,020 $(2,708)$1,140,041 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements
7

SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – UNAUDITED
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)20202019
Operating activities:  
Net income$40,291 $87,976 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization14,915 10,006 
Provision for credit losses90,158 3,029 
Share based compensation expense2,824 2,259 
Tax (expense)/ benefit associated with share based compensation(162)75 
Deferred income tax expense/ (benefit)(22,965)455 
Origination of loans held for sale(1,042,787)(638,820)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale1,025,610 590,997 
Gains on sales of loans held for sale(17,850)(8,225)
Losses on sales of other real estate owned32 173 
Investment securities gains(432)(20)
Net (increase)/ decrease in accrued interest receivable(17,243)1,171 
Net (increase)/ decrease in other assets1,812 (3,997)
Net increase/ (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities5,173 (4,510)
Other – net2,922 2,341 
Net cash provided by operating activities82,298 42,910 
Investing activities:
(Purchases of)/ proceeds from other equity securities(6,321)21,451 
Purchases of investments available-for-sale(529,522)(83,835)
Proceeds from sales of investments available-for-sale121,357 — 
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal payments of investments available-for-sale329,197 141,880 
Net increase in loans(1,107,824)(25,327)
Proceeds from the sales of other real estate owned60 324 
Cash paid for the acquisition of business activity of RPJ, net of cash acquired(26,925)— 
Cash acquired in the acquisition of business activity of Revere Bank, net of cash paid80,466 — 
Expenditures for premises and equipment(3,399)(4,269)
Net cash provided by/ (used in) investing activities(1,142,911)50,224 
Financing activities:
Net increase in deposits1,202,228 579,019 
Net increase/ (decrease) in retail repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased249,101 (201,421)
Proceeds from advances from FHLB400,000 2,123,000 
Repayment of advances from FHLB(637,982)(2,454,134)
Retirement of subordinated debt(10,310)— 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock1,474 1,068 
Stock tendered for payment of withholding taxes(463)(702)
Repurchase of common stock(25,702)— 
Dividends paid(38,953)(31,509)
Net cash provided by financing activities1,139,393 15,321 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents78,780 108,455 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period146,103 101,481 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$224,883 $209,936 
Supplemental disclosures:
Interest payments$47,105 $65,481 
Income tax payments, net of refunds of $1,924 in 2020
28,099 23,417 
Transfer from loans to other real estate owned— 414 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements
8

SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
 

NOTE 1 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
Sandy Spring Bancorp, Inc. ("Sandy Spring" or, together with its subsidiaries, the "Company"), a Maryland corporation, is the bank holding company for Sandy Spring Bank (the “Bank”). Independent and community-oriented, Sandy Spring Bank offers a broad range of commercial banking, retail banking, mortgage services and trust services throughout central Maryland, Northern Virginia, and the greater Washington, D.C. market. Sandy Spring Bank also offers a comprehensive menu of insurance and wealth management services through its subsidiaries, Sandy Spring Insurance Corporation (“Sandy Spring Insurance”), West Financial Services, Inc. (“West Financial”) and Rembert Pendleton Jackson (“RPJ”).
 
Basis of Presentation
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), prevailing practices within the financial services industry for interim financial information and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the interim financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required for complete financial statements. The following summary of significant accounting policies of the Company is presented to assist the reader in understanding the financial and other data presented in this report. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods or for the year ending December 31, 2020. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods have been included. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts, as necessary, to conform to the current period presentation. The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date of the issuance of its financial statements.
 
These statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 21, 2020. With the exception of the adoption of ASC 326 – Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, commonly referred to as Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") standard, during the first quarter of 2020, there have been no other significant changes to any of the Company’s accounting policies as disclosed in the 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Sandy Spring Bank, and its subsidiaries, Sandy Spring Insurance, West Financial and RPJ. Consolidation has resulted in the elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions. See Note 18 for more information on the Company’s segments and consolidation.
 
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, in addition to affecting the reported amounts of revenues earned and expenses incurred during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates that could change significantly relate to the provision for credit losses and the related allowance, potential impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets, valuation of investment securities and the determination of whether available-for-sale debt securities with fair values less than amortized costs are impaired and require an allowance for credit losses, valuation of other real estate owned, valuation of share based compensation, the assessment that a liability should be recognized with respect to any matters under litigation, the calculation of current and deferred income taxes, and the actuarial projections related to pension expense and the related liability.
 
Cash Flows
For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits with banks (items with stated original maturity of three months or less).
 
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The Company’s revenue includes net interest income on financial instruments and non-interest income. Specific categories of revenue are presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Most of the Company’s revenue is not within the scope of Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers. For revenue within the scope of ASC 606, the Company provides services to customers and has related performance obligations. The revenue from such services is recognized upon satisfaction of all contractual performance obligations. The following discusses key revenue streams within the scope of revenue recognition guidance.
9

 
Wealth Management Income
West Financial and RPJ provide comprehensive investment management and financial planning services. Wealth management income is comprised of income for providing trust, estate and investment management services. Trust services include acting as a trustee for corporate or personal trusts. Investment management services include investment management, record-keeping and reporting of security portfolios. Fees for these services are recognized based on a contractually-agreed fixed percentage applied to net assets under management at the end of each reporting period. The Company does not charge/recognize any performance-based fees.
 
Insurance Agency Commissions
Sandy Spring Insurance, a subsidiary of the Bank, performs the function of an insurance intermediary by introducing the policyholder and insurer and is compensated by a commission fee for placement of an insurance policy. Sandy Spring Insurance does not provide any captive management services or any claim handling services. Commission fees are set as a percentage of the premium for the insurance policy for which Sandy Spring Insurance is a producer. Sandy Spring Insurance recognizes revenue when the insurance policy has been contractually agreed to by the insurer and policyholder (at transaction date).
 
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts
Service charges on deposit accounts are earned on depository accounts for consumer and commercial account holders and include fees for account and overdraft services. Account services include fees for event-driven services and periodic account maintenance activities. An obligation for event-driven services is satisfied at the time of the event when service is delivered and revenue recognized as earned. Obligation for maintenance activities is satisfied over the course of each month and revenue is recognized at month end. The overdraft services obligation is satisfied at the time of the overdraft and revenue is recognized as earned.
 
Loan Financing Receivables
The Company’s financing receivables consist primarily of loans that are stated at their principal balance outstanding, net of any unearned income, acquisition fair value marks and deferred loan origination fees and costs. Interest income on loans is accrued at the contractual rate based on the principal balance outstanding. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method.
 
The Company has provided short term deferrals of loan principal and/or interest payments up to 180 days for customers who are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Customers receiving payment deferrals must meet certain criteria, such as being in good standing and not more than 30 days past due prior to the pandemic. In most cases, the deferred principal and/or interest amounts will be collected at the end of the life of the loan and will not accrue additional interest. The granting of a deferral of principal and/or interest under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act does not subject the loan to the past due, non-accrual, or troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) policies described below. The following discussions of past due, non-accrual, and TDR policies remain valid for situations not covered by the CARES Act.
 
Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the principal or interest due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement or any portion thereof remains unpaid after the due date of the scheduled payment. Immaterial shortfalls in payment amounts do not necessarily result in a loan being considered delinquent or past due. If any payments are past due and subsequent payments are resumed without payment of the delinquent amount, the loan shall continue to be considered past due. Whenever any loan is reported delinquent on a principal or interest payment or portion thereof, the amount reported as delinquent is the outstanding principal balance of the loan.
 
Loans, except for consumer installment loans, are placed into non-accrual status when any portion of the loan principal or interest becomes 90 days past due. Management may determine that certain circumstances warrant earlier discontinuance of interest accruals on specific loans if an evaluation of other relevant factors (such as bankruptcy, interruption of cash flows, etc.) indicates collection of amounts contractually due is unlikely. These loans are considered, collectively, to be non-performing loans. Consumer installment loans that are not secured by real estate are not placed on non-accrual, but are charged down to their net realizable value when they are four months past due. Loans designated as non-accrual have all previously accrued but unpaid interest reversed. Interest income is not recognized on non-accrual loans. All payments received on non-accrual loans are applied using a cost-recovery method to reduce the outstanding principal balance until the loan returns to accrual status. Loans may be returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
 
Loans considered to be TDRs are loans that have their terms restructured (e.g., interest rates, loan maturity date, payment and amortization period, etc.) in circumstances that provide payment relief to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. All restructured collateral-dependent loans are individually assessed for allowance for credit losses and may either be in accruing or
10

non-accruing status. Non-accruing restructured loans may return to accruing status provided doubt has been removed concerning the collectability of principal and interest as evidenced by a sufficient period of payment performance in accordance with the restructured terms. Loans may be removed from the restructured category if the borrower is no longer experiencing financial difficulty, a re-underwriting event took place, and the revised loan terms of the subsequent restructuring agreement are considered to be consistent with terms that can be obtained in the market for loans with comparable credit risk.
 
In accordance with provisions of the CARES Act and interagency guidance issued by the federal banking agencies, the Company does not classify COVID-19 short term loan modifications as TDRs, nor are the customers considered delinquent with regard to their deferred payments. Upon exiting the loan modification deferral program, the measurement of loan delinquency will resume where it was determined upon entry into the program.
 
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses (“allowance” or “ACL”) represents an amount which, in management's judgment, is adequate to absorb the lifetime expected losses that may be sustained on outstanding loans at the balance sheet date based on the evaluation of the size and current risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, past events, current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions and prepayment experience. The allowance is measured and recorded upon the initial recognition of a financial asset. The allowance is reduced by charge-offs, net of recoveries of previous losses, and is increased or decreased by a provision or credit for credit losses, which is recorded as a current period expense.
 
Determination of the adequacy of the allowance is inherently complex and requires the use of significant and highly subjective estimates. The reasonableness of the allowance is reviewed periodically by the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors and formally approved quarterly by that same committee of the Board.
 
The Company’s methodology for estimating the allowance includes: (1) a collective quantified reserve that reflects the Company’s historical default and loss experience adjusted for expected economic conditions throughout a reasonable and supportable period and the Company’s prepayment and curtailment rates; (2) collective qualitative factors that consider concentrations of the loan portfolio, expected changes to the economic forecasts, large relationships, early delinquencies, and factors related to credit administrations, including, among others, loan-to-value ratios, borrowers’ risk rating and credit score migrations; and (3) individual allowances on collateral-dependent loans where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty or when the Company determines that the foreclosure is probable. The Company excludes accrued interest from the measurement of the allowance as the Company has a non-accrual policy to reverse any accrued, uncollected interest income as loans are moved to non-accrual status.
 
Loans are pooled into segments based on the similar risk characteristics of the underlying borrowers, in addition to consideration of collateral type, industry and business purpose of the loans. Portfolio segments used to estimate the allowance are the same as portfolio segments used for general credit risk management purposes. Refer to Note 4 for more details on the Company’s portfolio segments.
 
The Company applies two calculation methodologies to estimate the collective quantified component of the allowance: discounted cash flows method and weighted average remaining life method. Allowance estimates on commercial acquisition, development and construction (“AD&C”) and residential construction segments are based on the weighted average remaining life method. Allowance estimates on all other portfolio segments are based on the discounted cash flows method. Segments utilizing the discounted cash flows method are further sub-segmented into risk level pools, determined either by risk rating for commercial loans or Beacon Scores ranges for residential and consumer loans. To better manage risk and reasonably determine the sufficiency of reserves, this segregation allows the Company to monitor the allowance component applicable to higher risk loans separate from the remainder of the portfolio. Collective calculation methodologies utilize the Company’s historical default and loss experience adjusted for future economic forecasts. The reasonable and supportable forecast period represents a two-year economic outlook for the applicable economic variables. Following the end of the reasonable and supportable forecast period expected losses revert back to the historical mean over the next two years on a straight-line basis. Economic variables that have the most significant impact on the allowance include: unemployment rate, house price index and number of business bankruptcies. Contractual loan level cash flows within the discounted cash flows methodology are adjusted for the Company’s historical prepayment and curtailment rate experience.
 
The individual reserve assessment is applied to collateral dependent loans where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty or when the Company determines that a foreclosure is probable. The determination of the fair value of the collateral depends on whether a repayment of the loan is expected to be from the sale or the operation of the collateral. When a repayment is expected from the operation of the collateral, the Company uses the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral as the fair value. When the repayment of the loan is expected from the sale of the collateral the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or the collateral’s appraised value, less estimated costs to sell. Third party
11

appraisals used in the individual reserve assessment are conducted at least annually with underlying assumptions that are reviewed by management. Third party appraisals may be obtained on a more frequent basis if deemed necessary. Internal evaluations of collateral value are conducted quarterly to ensure any further deterioration of the collateral value is recognized on a timely basis. During the individual reserve assessment, management also considers the potential future changes in the value of the collateral over the remainder of the loan’s remaining life. The Company may receive updated appraisals which contradict the preliminary determination of fair value used to establish an individual allowance on a loan. In these instances the individual allowance is adjusted to reflect the Company’s evaluation of the updated appraised fair value. In the event a loss was previously confirmed and the loan was charged down to the estimated fair value based on a previous appraisal, the balance of partially charged-off loans are not subsequently increased, but could be further decreased depending on the direction of the change in fair value. Payments on fully or partially charged-off loans are accounted for under the cost-recovery method. Under this method, all payments received are applied on a cash basis to reduce the entire outstanding principal balance, then to recognize a recovery of all previously charged-off amounts before any interest income may be recognized. Based on the individual reserve assessment, if the Company determines that the fair value of the collateral is less than the amortized cost basis of the loan, an individual allowance will be established measured as the difference between the fair value of the collateral (less costs to sell) and the amortized cost basis of the loan. Once a loss has been confirmed, the loan is charged-down to its estimated fair value.
 
Large groups of smaller non-accrual homogeneous loans are not individually evaluated for allowance and include residential permanent and construction mortgages and consumer installment loans. These portfolios are reserved for on a collective basis using historical loss rates of similar loans over the weighted average life of each pool.
 
Management believes it uses relevant information available to make determinations about the allowance and that it has established the existing allowance in accordance with GAAP. However, the determination of the allowance requires significant judgment, and estimates of expected lifetime losses in the loan portfolio can vary significantly from the amounts actually observed. While management uses available information to recognize expected losses, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in the loans comprising the portfolio, changes in the current and forecasted economic conditions, changes to the interest rate environment which may directly impact prepayment and curtailment rate assumptions, and changes in the financial condition of borrowers.
 
The adoption of the CECL standard did not result in a significant change to any other credit risk management and monitoring processes, including identification of past due or delinquent borrowers, non-accrual practices, assessment of troubled debt restructurings or charge-off policies.
 
Acquired Loans
Loans acquired in connection with acquisitions are recorded at their acquisition-date fair value. The allowance for credit losses related to the acquired loan portfolio is not carried over. Acquired loans are classified into two categories based on the credit risk characteristics of the underlying borrowers as either purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans, or loans with no evidence of credit deterioration (“non-PCD”).
 
PCD loans are defined as a loan or pool of loans that have experienced more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since the origination date. The Company uses a combination of individual and pooled review approaches to determine if acquired loans are PCD. At acquisition, the Company considers a number of factors to determine if an acquired loan or pool of loans has experienced more-than-insignificant credit deterioration. These factors include:
 
•loans classified as non-accrual,
•loans with risk rating of special mention or worse (using the Company's risk rating scale),
•loans with multiple risk rating downgrades since origination,
•loans with evidence of being 60 days or more past due,
•loans previously modified in a troubled debt restructuring,
•loans that received an interest only or payment deferral modification, and
•loans in industries that show evidence of additional risk due to economic conditions.
 
The initial allowance related to PCD loans that share similar risk characteristics is established using a pooled approach. The Company uses either a discounted cash flow or weighted average remaining life method to determine the required level of the allowance. PCD loans that were classified as non-accrual as of the acquisition date and are collateral dependent are assessed for allowance on an individual basis.
 
For PCD loans, an initial allowance is established on the acquisition date and added to the fair value of the loan to arrive at acquisition date amortized cost. Accordingly, no provision for credit losses is recognized on PCD loans at the acquisition date.
12

Subsequent to the acquisition date, the initial allowance on PCD loans will increase or decrease based on future evaluations, with changes recognized in the provision for credit losses.
 
Non-PCD loans are pooled into segments together with originated loans that share similar risk characteristics and have an allowance established on the acquisition date, which is recognized in the current period provision for credit losses.
 
Determining the fair value of the acquired loans involves estimating the principal and interest payment cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and discounting those cash flows at a market rate of interest. Management considers a number of factors in evaluating the acquisition-date fair value including the remaining life, interest rate profile, market interest rate environment, payment schedules, risk ratings, probability of default and loss given default, and estimated prepayment rates. For PCD loans, the non-credit discount or premium is allocated to individual loans as determined by the difference between the loan’s unpaid principal balance and amortized cost basis. The non-credit premium or discount is recognized into interest income on a level yield basis over the remaining expected life of the loan. For non-PCD loans, the fair value discount or premium is allocated to individual loans and recognized into interest income on a level yield basis over the remaining expected life of the loan.
 
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. All of the Company’s leases are currently classified as operating leases and are included in other assets and other liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Condition.
 
Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease arrangements. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the expected future lease payments over the remaining lease term. In determining the present value of future lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. The operating ROU assets are adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, initial direct costs, any lease incentives received and, for acquired leases, any favorable or unfavorable fair value adjustments. The present value of the lease liability may include the impact of options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options provided in the lease terms. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. Lease agreements that include lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance charges, are accounted for separately.
 
Pending Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2020, FASB released Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which provides optional guidance to ease the accounting burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects from, reference rate reform on financial reporting. The new standard is a result of LIBOR likely being discontinued as an available benchmark rate. The standard is elective and provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, or other transactions that reference LIBOR, or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The amendments in the update are effective for all entities between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The Company has established a cross-functional working group to guide the Company’s transition from LIBOR and has begun efforts to transition to alternative rates consistent with industry timelines. The Company has identified its products that utilize LIBOR and has implemented enhanced fallback language to facilitate the transition to alternative reference rates. The Company is evaluating existing platforms and systems and preparing to offer new rates.

In December 2019, FASB released ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing multiple exceptions to the general principals in Topic 740. The standard is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
NOTE 2 – ACQUISITION OF REVERE BANK
On April 1, 2020 (“Acquisition Date”), the Company completed the acquisition of Revere Bank (“Revere”), a Maryland chartered commercial bank, in accordance with the definitive agreement that was entered on September 23, 2019 by and among the Company, the Bank and Revere. In connection with the completion of the merger, former Revere shareholders received 1.05 shares of Sandy Spring common stock for each share of Revere common stock they held. Based on the $22.64 per share closing price of Sandy Spring common stock on March 31, 2020, and including the fair value of options converted or cashed-out, the total transaction value was approximately $293 million. Upon completion of the acquisition, Sandy Spring shareholders owned approximately 74 percent of the combined company, and former Revere shareholders owned approximately 26 percent.
 
13

As of March 31, 2020, Revere, headquartered in Rockville, MD, had more than $2.8 billion in assets and operated 11 full-service community banking offices throughout the Washington D.C. metropolitan region.
 
The acquisition of Revere was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration paid are recorded at estimated fair values on the Acquisition Date. The provisional amount of goodwill recognized as of the Acquisition Date was approximately $0.8 million. If considered necessary, additional adjustments to the fair value measurement of certain accounts, for example loans, may be made until the 12 month measurement period is closed. Any subsequent adjustments to the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, identifiable intangible assets, or other purchase accounting adjustments, as discussed above, will result in adjustments to goodwill within the first 12 months following the Acquisition Date. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The consideration paid for Revere’s common equity and outstanding stock options and the provisional fair values of acquired identifiable assets and assumed identifiable liabilities as of the Acquisition Date were as follows:
 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)April 1, 2020
Purchase price: 
Fair value of common shares issued (12,768,949 shares) based on Sandy Spring's share price of $22.64
$289,089 
Fair value of Revere stock options converted to Sandy Spring stock options3,611 
Cash paid for cashed-out Revere stock options291 
Cash for fractional shares11 
Total purchase price$293,002 
 
Identifiable assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$80,768 
Investments available-for-sale180,752 
Loans2,502,244 
Premises and equipment3,443 
Accrued interest receivable7,651 
Core deposit intangible asset18,360 
Other assets52,812 
Total identifiable assets$2,846,030 
 
Identifiable liabilities:
Deposits$2,322,422 
Borrowings205,514 
Other liabilities25,933 
Total identifiable liabilities$2,553,869 
 
Provisional fair value of net assets acquired including identifiable intangible assets292,161 
Provisional resulting goodwill$841 
 
14

NOTE 3 – INVESTMENTS
Investments available-for-sale
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investments available-for-sale at the dates indicated are presented in the following table:
 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(In thousands)Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Estimated
Fair
Value		Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Estimated
Fair
Value
U.S. treasuries and government agencies$140,454 $914 $(1,963)$139,405 $260,294 $887 $(2,686)$258,495 
State and municipal344,168 9,435 (616)352,987 229,309 4,377 (37)233,649 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed826,450 25,967 (103)852,314 568,373 3,268 (882)570,759 
Corporate debt12,112 394 (7)12,499 9,100 452 — 9,552 
Trust preferred— — — — 310 — — 310 
Total debt securities1,323,184 36,710 (2,689)1,357,205 1,067,386 8,984 (3,605)1,072,765 
Marketable equity securities— — — — 568 — — 568 
Total investments available-for-sale$1,323,184 $36,710 $(2,689)$1,357,205 $1,067,954 $8,984 $(3,605)$1,073,333 
 
Any unrealized losses in the U.S. treasuries and government agencies, state and municipal, mortgage-backed and asset-backed investment securities at September 30, 2020 are due to changes in interest rates and not credit-related events. As such, no allowance for credit losses is required at September 30, 2020. Unrealized losses on investment securities are expected to recover over time as these securities approach maturity.

The mortgage-backed securities portfolio at September 30, 2020 is composed entirely of either the most senior tranches of GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC collateralized mortgage obligations ($328.7 million), GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities ($455.8 million) or SBA asset-backed securities ($67.8 million). The Company does not intend to sell these securities and has sufficient liquidity to hold these securities for an adequate period of time to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.
 
Gross unrealized losses and fair value by length of time that the individual available-for-sale securities have been in an unrealized loss position at the dates indicated are presented in the following tables:
 September 30, 2020
 Number
of
Securities		Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(Dollars in thousands)Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
U.S. treasuries and government agencies7 $— $— $91,193 $1,963 $91,193 $1,963 
State and municipal19 57,024 616 — — 57,024 616 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed13 28,862 77 7,030 26 35,892 103 
Corporate debt2 3,005 7 — — 3,005 7 
Total41 $88,891 $700 $98,223 $1,989 $187,114 $2,689 

 December 31, 2019
 Number
of
Securities		Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(Dollars in thousands)Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
U.S. treasuries and government agencies12 $133,221 $2,211 $17,911 $475 $151,132 $2,686 
State and municipal3 7,227 37 — — 7,227 37 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed35 107,917 508 76,867 374 184,784 882 
Total50 $248,365 $2,756 $94,778 $849 $343,143 $3,605 
 
The estimated fair values and amortized costs of debt securities available-for-sale by contractual maturity at the dates indicated are provided in the following table. The Company has allocated mortgage-backed securities into the four maturity groupings reflected in the following tables using the expected average life of the individual securities based on statistics provided by independent third party industry sources. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

15

September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(In thousands)Fair ValueAmortized CostFair ValueAmortized Cost
U.S. treasuries and government agencies:
One year or less$28,139 $27,974 $69,799 $69,330 
One to five years11,902 11,380 96,709 96,507 
Five to ten years— — — — 
After ten years99,364 101,100 91,987 94,457 
State and municipal:
One year or less18,663 18,457 33,311 33,054 
One to five years47,558 46,440 76,723 75,432 
Five to ten years59,670 56,731 75,820 73,741 
After ten years227,096 222,540 47,795 47,082 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed:
One year or less2 2 852 822 
One to five years21,191 20,800 7,125 6,969 
Five to ten years58,878 57,430 55,226 54,799 
After ten years772,243 748,218 507,556 505,783 
Corporate debt:
One year or less— — — — 
One to five years— — — — 
Five to ten years12,499 12,112 9,552 9,100 
After ten years— — — — 
Trust preferred:
One year or less— — — — 
One to five years— — — — 
Five to ten years— — — — 
After ten years— — 310 310 
Total available-for-sale debt securities$1,357,205 $1,323,184 $1,072,765 $1,067,386 

At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, investments available-for-sale with a book value of $421.0 million and $424.8 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for certain government deposits and for other purposes as required or permitted by law. The outstanding balance of no single issuer, except for U.S. Agencies securities, exceeded ten percent of stockholders' equity at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
 
Equity securities
Other equity securities at the dates indicated are presented in the following table:
(In thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Federal Reserve Bank stock$38,650 $22,559 
Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta stock29,201 29,244 
Marketable equity securities677 — 
Total equity securities$68,528 $51,803 
 
NOTE 4 – LOANS
Outstanding loan balances at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, are net of unearned income, including net deferred loan fees of $28.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Net deferred loan fees at September 30, 2020, includes $25.5 million related to the loans originated under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”).

16

The loan portfolio segment balances at the dates indicated are presented in the following table:
(In thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Commercial real estate:
Commercial investor real estate$3,588,702 $2,169,156 
Commercial owner-occupied real estate1,652,208 1,288,677 
Commercial AD&C994,800 684,010 
Commercial business2,227,246 801,019 
Total commercial loans8,462,956 4,942,862 
Residential real estate:
Residential mortgage1,173,857 1,149,327 
Residential construction175,123 146,279 
Consumer521,999 466,764 
Total residential and consumer loans1,870,979 1,762,370 
    Total loans$10,333,935 $6,705,232 
 
The fair value of the financial assets acquired in the Revere acquisition included loans receivable with a gross amortized cost basis of $2.5 billion. Of the loans acquired, the Company identified $974.8 million of loans that were classified as PCD. An initial allowance for credit losses of $18.6 million was recorded through a gross up adjustment to fair values of PCD loans. A fair value premium related to other factors totaled $4.5 million and will amortize to interest income over the remaining life of each loan. Total fair value of PCD loans as of the Acquisition Date was $960.7 million. As of September 30, 2020, the Revere PCD loans had a fair value of $901.9 million, with a remaining unamortized fair value premium of $4.0 million. Of the PCD loans, $11.3 million were non-accruing at the time of acquisition. Refer to Note 1 for more details on factors considered in the PCD assessment.
 
At the Acquisition Date, non-PCD loans totaled $1.5 billion and had a net fair value premium of $2.1 million, which will amortize to interest income over the remaining life of each loan. As of September 30, 2020, the Revere non-PCD loans had a fair value of $1.4 billion with a remaining unamortized fair value premium of $1.5 million. See Note 1 for more information on the Company’s accounting policy for acquired loans and Note 2 for more information on the Revere acquisition.
 
Portfolio Segments
The Company currently manages its credit products and the respective exposure to credit losses (credit risk) by the following specific portfolio segments (classes) which are levels at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses attributable to each respective portfolio segment. These segments are:
 
•Commercial investor real estate loans - Commercial investor real estate loans consist of loans secured by nonowner-occupied properties where an established banking relationship exists and involves investment properties for warehouse, retail, and office space with a history of occupancy and cash flow. This commercial investor real estate category contains mortgage loans to the developers and owners of commercial real estate where the borrower intends to operate or sell the property at a profit and use the income stream or proceeds from the sale(s) to repay the loan.

•Commercial owner-occupied real estate loans - Commercial owner-occupied real estate loans consist of commercial mortgage loans secured by owner occupied properties where an established banking relationship exists and involves a variety of property types to conduct the borrower’s operations. The decision to extend a loan is based upon the borrower’s financial health and the ability of the borrower and the business to repay. The primary source of repayment for this type of loan is the cash flow from the operations of the business.

•Commercial acquisition, development and construction loans - Commercial acquisition, development and construction loans are intended to finance the construction of commercial properties and include loans for the acquisition and development of land. Construction loans represent a higher degree of risk than permanent real estate loans and may be affected by a variety of additional factors such as the borrower’s ability to control costs and adhere to time schedules and the risk that constructed units may not be absorbed by the market within the anticipated time frame or at the anticipated price. The loan commitment on these loans often includes an interest reserve that allows the lender to periodically advance loan funds to pay interest charges on the outstanding balance of the loan.

17

•Commercial business loans - Commercial loans are made to provide funds for equipment and general corporate needs. Repayment of a loan primarily comes from the funds obtained from the operation of the borrower’s business. Commercial loans also include lines of credit that are utilized to finance a borrower’s short-term credit needs and/or to finance a percentage of eligible receivables and inventory. Loans issued under the PPP are also included in this category, a substantial portion of which are expected to be forgiven by the Small Business Administration pursuant to the CARES Act.

•Residential mortgage loans - The residential mortgage loans category contains permanent mortgage loans principally to consumers secured by residential real estate. Residential real estate loans are evaluated for the adequacy of repayment sources at the time of approval, based upon measures including credit scores, debt-to-income ratios, and collateral values. Loans may be either conforming or non-conforming.
 
•Residential construction loans - The Company makes residential construction loans generally to provide interim financing on residential property during the construction period. Borrowers are typically individuals who will ultimately occupy the single-family dwelling. Loan funds are disbursed periodically as pre-specified stages of completion are attained based upon site inspections.

•Consumer loans - This category of loans includes primarily home equity loans and lines, installment loans, personal lines of credit, and other loans. The home equity category consists mainly of revolving lines of credit to consumers which are secured by residential real estate. These loans are typically secured with second mortgages on the homes. Other consumer loans include installment loans used by customers to purchase automobiles, boats and recreational vehicles.

NOTE 5 – CREDIT QUALITY ASSESSMENT
The Company completed the implementation of the CECL standard during the first quarter of 2020. The new guidance requires additional disclosures and introduces certain changes to definitions previously used under allowance for loan losses guidance. Accordingly, the following sections present separate disclosures compliant with the new and the legacy disclosure requirements.

Allowance for Credit Losses
Summary information on the allowance for credit loss activity for the period indicated is provided in the following table:
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)20202019
Balance at beginning of period$56,132 $53,486 
Initial allowance on PCD loans at adoption of ASC 3262,762 — 
Transition impact of adopting ASC 3262,983 — 
Initial allowance on acquired Revere PCD loans18,628 — 
Provision for credit losses90,158 3,029 
Loan charge-offs(1,255)(2,101)
Loan recoveries906 578 
Net charge-offs(349)(1,523)
Balance at period end$170,314 $54,992 
 
The following table provides summary information regarding collateral dependent loans individually evaluated for credit loss at the dates indicated:
(In thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Collateral dependent loans individually evaluated for credit loss with an allowance$25,823 $15,333 
Collateral dependent loans individually evaluated for credit loss without an allowance30,299 9,440 
Total individually evaluated collateral dependent loans$56,122 $24,773 
Allowance for credit losses related to loans evaluated individually$8,263 $5,501 
Allowance for credit losses related to loans evaluated collectively162,051 50,631 
Total allowance for credit losses$170,314 $56,132 
 
18

The below section presents allowance for credit losses disclosures in line with the new CECL disclosure requirements.
 
The following table provides information on the activity in the allowance for credit losses by the respective loan portfolio segment for the period indicated:
 
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
 Commercial Real EstateResidential Real Estate 
(Dollars in thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		Residential
Mortgage		Residential
Construction		ConsumerTotal
Balance at beginning of period$18,407 $6,884 $7,590 $11,395 $8,803 $967 $2,086 $56,132 
Initial allowance on PCD loans at adoption of ASC 3261,114 — — 1,549 — — 99 2,762 
Transition impact of adopting ASC 326(3,125)387 2,576 2,988 (388)(275)820 2,983 
Initial allowance on acquired Revere PCD loans7,973 2,782 1,248 6,289 243 6 87 18,628 
Provision for credit losses30,884 9,600 7,377 34,671 3,595 761 3,270 90,158 
Charge-offs(23)— — (429)(420)— (383)(1,255)
Recoveries6 — — 696 78 5 121 906 
Net recoveries (charge-offs)(17)— — 267 (342)5 (262)(349)
Balance at end of period$55,236 $19,653 $18,791 $57,159 $11,911 $1,464 $6,100 $170,314 
Total loans$3,588,702 $1,652,208 $994,800 $2,227,246 $1,173,857 $175,123 $521,999 $10,333,935 
Allowance for credit losses to total loans ratio1.54 %1.19 %1.89 %2.57 %1.01 %0.84 %1.17 %1.65 %
Balance of loans individually evaluated for credit loss$27,508 $6,511 $1,678 $18,728 $1,333 $— $364 $56,122 
Allowance related to loans evaluated individually$2,537 $22 $603 $5,101 $— $— $— $8,263 
Individual allowance to loans evaluated individually ratio9.22 %0.34 %35.94 %27.24 %— %— — 14.72 %
Balance of loans collectively evaluated for credit loss$3,561,194 $1,645,697 $993,122 $2,208,518 $1,172,524 $175,123 $521,635 $10,277,813 
Allowance related to loans evaluated collectively$52,699 $19,631 $18,188 $52,058 $11,911 $1,464 $6,100 $162,051 
Collective allowance to loans evaluated collectively ratio1.48 %1.19 %1.83 %2.36 %1.02 %0.84 %1.17 %1.58 %

The following table presents collateral dependent loans individually evaluated for credit loss with the associated allowances for credit losses by the applicable portfolio segment:
 September 30, 2020
 Commercial Real EstateResidential Real Estate
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		Residential
Mortgage		Residential
Construction		ConsumerTotal
Loans individually evaluated for
credit loss with an allowance:
        
Non-accruing$14,267 $— $1,678 $6,112 $— $— $— $22,057 
Restructured accruing— — — 938 — — — 938 
Restructured non-accruing724 853 — 1,251 — — — 2,828 
Balance$14,991 $853 $1,678 $8,301 $— $— $— $25,823 
 
Allowance$2,537 $22 $603 $5,101 $— $— $— $8,263 
 
Loans individually evaluated for
credit loss without an allowance:
Non-accruing$11,417 $4,194 $— $10,007 $— $— $— $25,618 
Restructured accruing724 — — 131 1,061 — — 1,916 
Restructured non-accruing376 1,464 — 289 272 — 364 2,765 
Balance$12,517 $5,658 $— $10,427 $1,333 $— $364 $30,299 
 
Total individually evaluated loans:
Non-accruing$25,684 $4,194 $1,678 $16,119 $— $— $— $47,675 
Restructured accruing724 — — 1,069 1,061 — — 2,854 
Restructured non-accruing1,100 2,317 — 1,540 272 — 364 5,593 
Balance$27,508 $6,511 $1,678 $18,728 $1,333 $— $364 $56,122 
 
Total unpaid contractual principal
balance
$33,452 $10,203 $1,678 $27,171 $2,683 $— $364 $75,551 
 
19

The following table presents average principal balance of total non-accrual loans, contractual interest due and interest income recognized on a cash basis on non-accrual loans for the periods indicated below:
 September 30, 2020
 Commercial Real EstateResidential Real Estate
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		Residential
Mortgage		Residential
Construction		ConsumerTotal
Average non-accrual loans for the period$22,254 $5,366 $1,573 $14,932 $11,990 $— $6,497 $62,612 
Contractual interest income due on non-
accrual loans during the period
$1,496 $368 $67 $750 $447 $— $292 $3,420 
 
There was no interest income recognized on non-accrual loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. See Note 1 for additional information on the Company's policies for non-accrual loans. Loans designated as non-accrual have all previously accrued but unpaid interest reversed from interest income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 new loans placed on non-accrual status totaled $30.5 million and the related amount of reversed uncollected accrued interest was $0.3 million.

The below section presents historical allowance for loan losses disclosures in line with the legacy disclosure requirements.
 
The following table provides information on the activity in the allowance for loan losses by the respective loan portfolio segment for the period indicated:
 For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
 Commercial Real EstateResidential Real Estate
(Dollars in thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		Residential
Mortgage		Residential
Construction		ConsumerTotal
Balance at beginning of period$17,603 $6,307 $5,944 $11,377 $8,881 $1,261 $2,113 $53,486 
Provision (credit)788 577 1,418 1,164 474 (302)565 4,684 
Charge-offs— — — (1,195)(690)— (783)(2,668)
Recoveries16 — 228 49 138 8 191 630 
Net recoveries (charge-offs)16 — 228 (1,146)(552)8 (592)(2,038)
Balance at end of period$18,407 $6,884 $7,590 $11,395 $8,803 $967 $2,086 $56,132 
Total loans$2,169,156 $1,288,677 $684,010 $801,019 $1,149,327 $146,279 $466,764 $6,705,232 
Allowance for loan losses to total loans ratio0.85 %0.53 %1.11 %1.42 %0.77 %0.66 %0.45 %0.84 %
Balance of loans specifically evaluated for impairment$9,212 $4,148 $829 $8,867 $1,717 $— $— $24,773 
Allowance for loans specifically evaluated for impairment$1,529 $23 $132 $3,817 $— $— $— $5,501 
Specific allowance to specific loans ratio16.60 %0.55 %15.92 %43.05 %— — — 22.21 %
Balance of loans collectively evaluated$2,150,400 $1,284,529 $683,181 $789,613 $1,147,602 $146,279 $465,771 $6,667,375 
Allowance for loans collectively evaluated$16,878 $6,861 $7,458 $7,578 $8,803 $967 $2,086 $50,631 
Collective allowance to collective loans ratio0.78 %0.53 %1.09 %0.96 %0.77 %0.66 %0.45 %0.76 %
Balance of loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality$9,544 $— $— $2,539 $8 $— $993 $13,084 
Allowance for loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Allowance to loan acquired with deteriorated credit quality ratio— — — — — — — — 
 
20

The following tables present the recorded investment with respect to impaired loans, the associated allowance by the applicable portfolio segment and the unpaid contractual principal balance of the impaired loans:
 December 31, 2019
 Commercial Real Estate Total Recorded
Investment in
Impaired
Loans
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		All
Other
Loans
Impaired loans with a specific allowance:      
Non-accruing$5,448 $767 $829 $5,608 $— $12,652 
Restructured accruing— — — 266 — 266 
Restructured non-accruing437 122 — 1,856 — 2,415 
Balance$5,885 $889 $829 $7,730 $— $15,333 
Allowance$1,529 $23 $132 $3,817 $— $5,501 
Impaired loans without a specific allowance:
Non-accruing$2,552 $1,522 $— $114 $— $4,188 
Restructured accruing775 — — 151 1,444 2,370 
Restructured non-accruing— 1,737 — 872 273 2,882 
Balance$3,327 $3,259 $— $1,137 $1,717 $9,440 
Total impaired loans:
Non-accruing$8,000 $2,289 $829 $5,722 $— $16,840 
Restructured accruing775 — — 417 1,444 2,636 
Restructured non-accruing437 1,859 — 2,728 273 5,297 
Balance$9,212 $4,148 $829 $8,867 $1,717 $24,773 
Unpaid principal balance in total impaired loans$13,805 $6,072 $829 $11,296 $2,618 $34,620 

 December 31, 2019
 Commercial Real Estate Total Recorded
Investment in
Impaired
Loans
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		All
Other
Loans
Average impaired loans for the period$7,565 $4,390 $2,052 $7,781 $1,577 $23,365 
Contractual interest income due on impaired loans during the period$786 $258 $127 $648 $128 $1,947 
Interest income on impaired loans recognized on an accrual basis$39 $— $— $62 $68 $169 
 
Credit Quality
The following section provides information on the credit quality of the loan portfolio under the new CECL disclosure requirements:
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
 Commercial Real EstateResidential Real Estate
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		Residential
Mortgage		Residential
Construction		ConsumerTotal
Analysis of non-accrual loan activity:        
Balance at beginning of period$8,437 $4,148 $829 $8,450 $12,661 $— $4,107 $38,632 
PCD loans designated as non-accrual (1)9,544 — — 2,539 8 — 993 13,084 
Loans placed on non-accrual9,437 3,425 2,128 10,988 896 — 3,677 30,551 
Non-accrual balances transferred to OREO— — — — — — — — 
Non-accrual balances charged-off(23)— — (386)(351)— (121)(881)
Net payments or draws(611)(961)(1,279)(3,052)(1,058)— (1,028)(7,989)
Non-accrual loans brought current— (101)— (880)(860)— (135)(1,976)
Balance at end of period$26,784 $6,511 $1,678 $17,659 $11,296 $— $7,493 $71,421 
(1)Upon the adoption of the CECL standard, the Company transitioned from closed pool level accounting for PCI loans during the first quarter of 2020. Non-accrual loans are determined based on the individual loan level and aggregated for reporting.

21

 September 30, 2020
 Commercial Real EstateResidential Real Estate
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		Residential
Mortgage		Residential
Construction		ConsumerTotal
Performing loans:        
Current$3,555,815 $1,643,589 $991,086 $2,198,943 $1,155,016 $169,766 $507,336 $10,221,551 
30-59 days4,181 2,108 1,634 8,862 5,197 3,167 5,039 30,188 
60-89 days1,198 — 402 620 967 2,190 2,130 7,507 
Total performing loans3,561,194 1,645,697 993,122 2,208,425 1,161,180 175,123 514,505 10,259,246 
Non-performing loans:
Non-accrual loans26,784 6,511 1,678 17,659 11,296 — 7,493 71,421 
Loans greater than 90 days past due— — — 93 320 — 1 414 
Restructured loans724 — — 1,069 1,061 — — 2,854 
Total non-performing loans27,508 6,511 1,678 18,821 12,677 — 7,494 74,689 
Total loans$3,588,702 $1,652,208 $994,800 $2,227,246 $1,173,857 $175,123 $521,999 $10,333,935 

The credit quality indicators for commercial loans are developed through review of individual borrowers on an ongoing basis. Each borrower is evaluated at least annually with more frequent evaluation of more severely criticized loans. The indicators represent the rating for loans as of the date presented is based on the most recent credit review performed. These credit quality indicators are defined as follows:

Pass - A pass rated credit is not adversely classified because it does not display any of the characteristics for adverse classification.

Special mention – A special mention credit has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If uncorrected, such weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not warrant adverse classification.

Substandard – A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard generally have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – A loan that is classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a loan classified as substandard with added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values.

Loss – Loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuing to be carried as a loan is not warranted. This classification is not necessarily equivalent to no potential for recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not appropriate to defer a full write-off even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.
22

The following table provides information about credit quality indicators by the year of origination:
 September 30, 2020
 Term Loans by Origination YearRevolving 
(In thousands)20202019201820172016PriorLoansTotal
Commercial Investor R/E:        
Pass$675,314 $799,088 $466,850 $501,591 $493,003 $566,433 $31,413 $3,533,692 
Special Mention5,049 1,617 19,026 232 271 1,873 — 28,068 
Substandard494 3,020 — 7,101 682 15,645 — 26,942 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$680,857 $803,725 $485,876 $508,924 $493,956 $583,951 $31,413 $3,588,702 
Commercial Owner-Occupied R/E:
Pass$207,879 $392,597 $248,942 $203,649 $209,218 $356,393 $1,812 $1,620,490 
Special Mention2,324 4,124 5,505 5,381 137 5,307 — 22,778 
Substandard493 870 788 465 222 5,863 — 8,701 
Doubtful— — — — — 239 — 239 
Total$210,696 $397,591 $255,235 $209,495 $209,577 $367,802 $1,812 $1,652,208 
Commercial AD&C:
Pass$356,246 $292,303 $169,833 $62,582 $6,711 $2,377 $83,756 $973,808 
Special Mention1,710 — — 13,658 — — — 15,368 
Substandard1,127 1,554 — 100 2,843 — — 5,624 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$359,083 $293,857 $169,833 $76,340 $9,554 $2,377 $83,756 $994,800 
Commercial Business:
Pass$1,190,428 $215,772 $149,231 $97,275 $37,641 $88,653 $410,116 $2,189,116 
Special Mention249 3,517 1,462 18 1,467 2,210 4,365 13,288 
Substandard2,050 3,242 3,287 1,713 2,353 2,070 1,708 16,423 
Doubtful114 1,042 950 36 1,309 1,987 2,981 8,419 
Total$1,192,841 $223,573 $154,930 $99,042 $42,770 $94,920 $419,170 $2,227,246 
Residential Mortgage:
Beacon score:
660-850$169,476 $69,350 $164,196 $207,953 $153,302 $285,639 $— $1,049,916 
600-6594,235 11,924 12,136 13,559 9,753 24,752 — 76,359 
540-599321 1,833 5,089 2,722 3,507 9,270 — 22,742 
less than 540391 1,739 6,049 1,367 2,769 12,525 — 24,840 
Total$174,423 $84,846 $187,470 $225,601 $169,331 $332,186 $— $1,173,857 
Residential Construction:
Beacon score:
660-850$79,897 $66,861 $19,900 $3,963 $1,736 $— $— $172,357 
600-659987 904 — — 369 — — 2,260 
540-599— — — — — — — — 
less than 540506 — — — — — — 506 
Total$81,390 $67,765 $19,900 $3,963 $2,105 $— $— $175,123 
Consumer:
Beacon score:
660-850$2,561 $5,345 $5,327 $2,297 $2,772 $23,023 $420,848 $462,173 
600-659608 747 286 452 1,076 5,090 20,555 28,814 
540-59949 433 260 93 503 3,101 8,141 12,580 
less than 540742 521 608 1,053 761 3,113 11,634 18,432 
Total$3,960 $7,046 $6,481 $3,895 $5,112 $34,327 $461,178 $521,999 
Total loans$2,703,250 $1,878,403 $1,279,725 $1,127,260 $932,405 $1,415,563 $997,329 $10,333,935 

23

The following section provides historical information on the credit quality of the loan portfolio under the legacy disclosure requirements:
 December 31, 2019
 Commercial Real EstateResidential Real Estate
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		Residential
Mortgage		Residential
Construction		ConsumerTotal
Non-performing loans and assets:        
Non-accrual loans$8,437 $4,148 $829 $8,450 $12,661 $— $4,107 $38,632 
Loans 90 days past due— — — — — — — — 
Restructured loans775 — — 417 1,080 — 364 2,636 
Total non-performing loans9,212 4,148 829 8,867 13,741 — 4,471 41,268 
Other real estate owned409 — 665 39 305 — 64 1,482 
Total non-performing assets$9,621 $4,148 $1,494 $8,906 $14,046 $— $4,535 $42,750 
 
 December 31, 2019
 Commercial Real EstateResidential Real Estate
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		Residential
Mortgage		Residential
Construction		ConsumerTotal
Past due loans:        
30-59 days$932 $316 $— $908 $14,853 $280 $2,697 $19,986 
60-89 days— — — 370 4,541 1,334 1,517 7,762 
> 90 days— — — — — — — — 
Total past due932 316 — 1,278 19,394 1,614 4,214 27,748 
Non-accrual loans8,437 4,148 829 8,450 12,661 — 4,107 38,632 
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality9,544 — — 2,539 8 — 993 13,084 
Current loans2,150,243 1,284,213 683,181 788,752 1,117,264 144,665 457,450 6,625,768 
Total loans$2,169,156 $1,288,677 $684,010 $801,019 $1,149,327 $146,279 $466,764 $6,705,232 
 
 December 31, 2019
 Commercial Real Estate 
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		Total
Pass$2,146,971 $1,278,337 $683,181 $783,909 $4,892,398 
Special Mention3,189 2,284 — 2,487 7,960 
Substandard18,996 8,056 829 14,623 42,504 
Doubtful— — — — — 
Total$2,169,156 $1,288,677 $684,010 $801,019 $4,942,862 
 
 December 31, 2019
 Residential Real Estate 
(In thousands)Residential
Mortgage		Residential
Construction		ConsumerTotal
Performing$1,135,586 $146,279 $462,293 $1,744,158 
Non-performing:— 
90 days past due— — — — 
Non-accruing12,661 — 4,107 16,768 
Restructured loans1,080 — 364 1,444 
Total$1,149,327 $146,279 $466,764 $1,762,370 
 
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The following table provides the amounts of the restructured loans at the date of restructuring for specific segments of the loan portfolio during the period indicated:
 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
 Commercial Real Estate  
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		All
Other
Loans		Total
Troubled debt restructurings:      
Restructured accruing$— $— $— $322 $— $322 
Restructured non-accruing723 930 — 808 — 2,461 
Balance$723 $930 $— $1,130 $— $2,783 
Specific allowance$49 $19 $— $867 $— $935 
Restructured and subsequently defaulted$— $— $— $— $— $— 
 
 For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
 Commercial Real Estate  
(In thousands)Commercial
Investor R/E		Commercial
Owner-
Occupied R/E		Commercial
AD&C		Commercial
Business		All
Other
Loans		Total
Troubled debt restructurings:      
Restructured accruing$775 $— $— $170 $364 $1,309 
Restructured non-accruing789 — — 261 — 1,050 
Balance$1,564 $— $— $431 $364 $2,359 
Specific allowance$205 $— $— $196 $— $401 
Restructured and subsequently defaulted$— $— $— $— $— $— 
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company restructured $2.8 million in loans that were designated as TDRs. TDRs are subject to periodic credit reviews to determine the necessity and adequacy of an individual loan loss allowance based on the collectability of the recorded investment in the restructured loan. Loans restructured as TDRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 had individual reserves of $0.9 million. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company restructured $2.4 million in loans. Loans restructured as TDRs during 2019 had individual reserves of $0.4 million at December 31, 2019. During both the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and for the year ended December 31, 2019 TDR modifications consisted principally of interest rate concessions, and did not result in the reduction of the recorded investment in the associated loan balances. The commitments to lend additional funds on loans that have been restructured at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were not significant.
 
Other Real Estate Owned
Other real estate owned ("OREO") totaled $1.4 million and $1.5 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There was one consumer mortgage loan secured by residential real estate property in the total amount of $0.1 million for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process as of September 30, 2020.
 
25

NOTE 6 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of intangible assets and goodwill are presented at the dates indicated in the following table:
 September 30, 2020Weighted
Average
Remaining
Life		December 31, 2019Weighted
Average
Remaining
Life
(Dollars in thousands)Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Carrying
Amount		Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Carrying
Amount
Amortizing intangible assets:        
Core deposit intangibles$29,038 $(6,841)$22,197 8.7 years$10,678 $(3,689)$6,989 8.0 years
Other identifiable intangibles13,906 (1,928)11,978 10.9 years1,478 (626)852 9.7 years
Total amortizing intangible assets$42,944 $(8,769)$34,175 $12,156 $(4,315)$7,841 
Goodwill$370,549 $370,549 $347,149 $347,149 

The table above reflects an additional $18.4 million in core deposit intangible asset related to the Revere acquisition that is amortizing over 9.67 years.
 
The amount of goodwill by reportable segment is presented in the following table:
(In thousands)Community
Banking		InsuranceInvestment
Management		Total
Balance December 31, 2019$331,173 $6,788 $9,188 $347,149 
Acquisition of Rembert Pendleton Jackson— — 22,559 22,559 
Acquisition of Revere Bank841 — — 841 
Balance September 30, 2020$332,014 $6,788 $31,747 $370,549 
 
The table above includes the estimated amount of goodwill resulting from the Revere acquisition that was recorded as of September 30, 2020. See Note 2 for additional information on the Revere acquisition.
 
The following table presents the estimated future amortization expense for amortizing intangible assets within the years ending December 31:
(In thousands)Amount
Remaining for 2020$1,654 
20216,600 
20225,845 
20235,089 
20244,333 
Thereafter10,654 
Total amortizing intangible assets$34,175 
 
NOTE 7 – DEPOSITS
The following table presents the composition of deposits at the dates indicated:
 
(In thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Noninterest-bearing deposits$3,458,804 $1,892,052 
Interest-bearing deposits:
Demand1,137,000 836,433 
Money market savings3,104,600 1,839,593 
Regular savings396,280 329,919 
Time deposits of less than $100,000545,903 463,431 
Time deposits of $100,000 or more1,322,382 1,078,891 
Total interest-bearing deposits6,506,165 4,548,267 
Total deposits$9,964,969 $6,440,319 
 
26

The Company acquired $2.3 billion of deposits in the Revere acquisition, including approximately $752.4 million of certificates of deposit with a fair value premium adjustment of $14.7 million amortizing over a total life of 5 years. As of September 30, 2020, $9.8 million of the fair value premium remained unamortized.
 
NOTE 8 – BORROWINGS
Subordinated Debt
On November 5, 2019, the Company completed an offering of $175.0 million aggregate principal amount Fixed to Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due in 2029. The notes bear a fixed interest rate of 4.25% per year through November 14, 2024. Beginning November 15, 2024, the interest rate will become a floating rate equal to three month LIBOR, or an alternative benchmark rate as determined pursuant to the terms of the indenture for the notes in the event LIBOR has been discontinued by November 15, 2024, plus 262 basis points through the remaining maturity or early redemption date of the notes. The interest will be paid in arrears semi-annually during the fixed rate period and quarterly during the floating rate period. The Company incurred $2.9 million of debt issuance costs which are being amortized through the contractual life of the debt. The entire amount of the subordinated debt is considered Tier 2 capital under current regulatory guidelines.

In conjunction with the acquisition of WashingtonFirst Bankshares, Inc. ("WashingtonFirst"), the Company assumed $25.0 million in subordinated debt with an associated purchase premium at acquisition of $2.2 million, which will be amortized over the contractual life of the obligation. The subordinated debt has a ten year term, maturing on October 15, 2025, is non-callable until October 15, 2020 and currently bears a fixed interest rate of 6.00% per annum, payable semi-annually. Beginning on October 5, 2020, the interest rate resets quarterly to an amount equal to 3 month LIBOR plus 467 basis points. The entire amount of the subordinated debt is considered Tier 2 capital under current regulatory guidelines.
 
Also in conjunction with the acquisition of WashingtonFirst, the Company assumed $10.3 million in callable junior subordinated debt securities with an associated purchase premium at acquisition of $0.1 million that will amortize over the contractual life of the obligation. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company redeemed all $10.3 million of the outstanding principal balance of the callable junior subordinated debt securities.
 
In conjunction with the acquisition of Revere, the Company assumed $31.0 million in subordinated debt with an associated purchase premium at acquisition of $0.2 million, which will be amortized through the call date. The subordinated debt has a ten year term, maturing on September 30, 2026, is non-callable until September 30, 2021, and currently bears a fixed interest rate of 5.625% per annum, payable semi-annually. Beginning on October 1, 2021, the interest rate resets quarterly to an amount equal to 3 month LIBOR plus 441 basis points. The entire amount of the subordinated debt is considered Tier 2 capital under current regulatory guidelines.
 
The following table provides information on subordinated debt as of the date indicated:
(In thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Fixed to floating rate sub debt, 4.25%
$175,000 $175,000 
WashingtonFirst sub debt, 6.00%
25,000 25,000 
Revere fixed to floating rate sub debt, 5.625%
31,000 — 
    Total Sub debt231,000 200,000 
Add: Purchase accounting premium1,954 1,894 
Less: Debt issuance costs(2,654)(2,885)
     Net sub debt230,300 199,009 
WashingtonFirst callable junior subordinated debt— 10,310 
Add: Purchase accounting premium— 87 
    Net WashingtonFirst callable junior subordinated debt— 10,397 
Long-term borrowings$230,300 $209,406 
 
Other Borrowings
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $142.3 million and $138.6 million, respectively, of outstanding retail repurchase agreements. The Company had $70.0 million and $75.0 million of outstanding federal funds purchased at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company repaid $594.6 million of Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility ("PPPLF") borrowings, which were used to fund PPP loans issued during the prior quarter. At September 30, 2020, $250.4 million in PPPLF borrowings remained outstanding. The Company had $837.7 million available to borrow under the PPPLF at September 30, 2020. Amounts borrowed under the PPPLF are required to be repaid as the Company’s PPP loans are repaid or forgiven.
27

 
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $444.2 million and $513.8 million, respectively, of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”). During the second quarter of 2020, the Company assumed $168.4 million of FHLB advances in connection with the acquisition of Revere, with a fair value premium of $5.8 million recorded at acquisition. During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, the Company prepaid $115.4 million of the acquired advances and recognized a prepayment penalty of $5.9 million, which was reflected in Other expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Also in connection with the prepayment, the Company recognized the remaining unamortized fair value premium of $5.8 million on those prepaid advances, which was reflected in Interest on advances from FHLB in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The remaining $53.0 million of acquired Revere FHLB advances, which were not prepaid, matured during the quarter ended June 30, 2020.
 
At September 30, 2020, the Company had an available line of credit with the FHLB under which its borrowings are limited to $2.3 billion based on pledged collateral at prevailing market interest rates, with $444.2 million borrowed against it at September 30, 2020. At December 31, 2019, lines of credit with the FHLB totaled $2.4 billion based on pledged collateral with $513.8 million borrowed against the line. Under a blanket lien, the Company has pledged qualifying residential mortgage loans amounting to $1.0 billion, commercial real estate loans amounting to $2.7 billion, home equity lines of credit (“HELOC”) amounting to $227.0 million, and multifamily loans amounting to $235.7 million at September 30, 2020, as collateral under the borrowing agreement with the FHLB. At December 31, 2019, the Company had pledged collateral of qualifying mortgage loans of $1.0 billion, commercial real estate loans of $1.9 billion, HELOC loans of $266.8 million, and multifamily loans of $109.7 million under the FHLB borrowing agreement. The Company also had lines of credit available from the Federal Reserve Bank and correspondent banks of $366.5 million and $463.3 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, collateralized by loans. In addition, the Company had unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks of $780.0 million and $730.0 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. At September 30, 2020, the Company had $70.0 million outstanding borrowings against these unsecured lines of credit.
 
NOTE 9 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
The Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan in December 2018 that permits the repurchase of up to 1,800,000 shares of common stock. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company repurchased and retired 820,328 shares of its common stock at an average price of $31.33 per share. The Company did not repurchase shares during the three months ended September 30, 2020. Cumulatively under the program, as of September 30, 2020, the Company has repurchased and retired 1,488,519 common shares for the total cost of $50.0 million under the current repurchase plan.
 
On April 1, 2020, to facilitate the acquisition of Revere and as previously approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company issued an additional 12,768,949 shares of the Company’s common stock at $22.64 per share. See to Note 2 for additional information on the acquisition of Revere.

NOTE 10 – SHARE BASED COMPENSATION
At September 30, 2020, the Company had two share based compensation plans in existence, the 2005 Omnibus Stock Plan (“Omnibus Stock Plan”) and the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“Omnibus Incentive Plan”). The Omnibus Stock Plan expired during the second quarter of 2015 but has outstanding options that may still be exercised. The Omnibus Incentive Plan is described in the following paragraph.
 
The Company’s Omnibus Incentive Plan was approved on May 6, 2015 and provides for the granting of incentive stock options, non-qualifying stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock grants, restricted stock units and performance share units to selected directors and employees on a periodic basis at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. The Omnibus Incentive Plan authorizes the issuance of up to 1,500,000 shares of common stock, of which 908,499 are available for issuance at September 30, 2020, has a term of ten years, and is administered by a committee of at least three directors appointed by the Board of Directors. Options granted under the plan have an exercise price which may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant and must be exercised within seven or ten years from the date of grant depending on the terms of the grant agreement. The exercise price of stock options must be paid for in full in cash or shares of common stock, or a combination of both. The board committee has the discretion when making a grant of stock options to impose restrictions on the shares to be purchased upon the exercise of such options. The Company generally issues authorized but previously unissued shares to satisfy option exercises.
 
The dividend yield is based on estimated future dividend yields. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual term of the share option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. Expected volatilities are generally based on historical volatilities. The expected term of share options granted is generally derived from historical experience.
 
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Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the respective stock option, restricted stock, restricted stock unit grant or performance share units. The Company recognized compensation expense of $1.0 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and of $2.8 million and $2.1 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to the awards of stock options, restricted stock grants, restricted stock unit grants and performance share unit grants. The total of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options was not significant as of September 30, 2020, and is expected to be recognized within one year. The fair value of the options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The total of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit grants, and performance share unit grants was approximately $9.1 million as of September 30, 2020. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.8 years.

The Company did not grant restricted shares, restricted stock units and performance share units during the three months ended September 30, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company granted 246,015 restricted shares, restricted stock units and performance share units, of which 44,905 units are subject to achievement of certain performance conditions measured over a three year performance period and 201,110 of restricted shares or units subject to a three- or five-year vesting schedule. The Company issued 395,298 stock options at a weighted average grant-date fair value of $9.14 during the second quarter of 2020, due to a conversion of stock options held prior to the Acquisition Date by Revere employees. The fair value of the options issued were considered part of the consideration transferred and were therefore recorded as an adjustment to goodwill. See Note 2 for additional information on the acquisition of Revere. The Company did not grant any stock options under the Omnibus Incentive Plan during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2020

A summary of share option activity for the period indicated is reflected in the following table:
 Number
of
Common
Shares		Weighted
Average
Exercise
Share Price		Weighted
Average
Contractual
Remaining
Life (Years)		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
Balance at Balance at January 1, 202065,279 $31.34 $485 
Granted— $— 
Converted options from Revere acquisition395,298 $12.27 
Exercised(10,213)$16.07 $123 
Forfeited(765)$39.02 
Expired(703)$28.26 
Balance at September 30, 2020448,896 $14.89 3.1$4,383 
Exercisable at September 30, 2020444,132 $14.64 3.1$4,383 
 
A summary of the activity for the Company’s restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance share units for the period indicated is presented in the following table:
 Number
of
Common
Shares/Units		Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Non-vested at Non-vested at January 1, 2020226,502 $35.43 
Granted246,015 $25.82 
Vested(66,533)$34.38 
Forfeited/ cancelled(9,363)$43.71 
Non-vested at September 30, 2020396,621 $29.45 
 
NOTE 11 – PENSION PLAN
Defined Benefit Pension Plan
The Company has a qualified, noncontributory, defined benefit pension plan (the “Plan”). Benefits after January 1, 2005, are based on the benefit earned as of December 31, 2004, plus benefits earned in future years of service based on the employee’s compensation during each such year. All benefit accruals for employees were frozen as of December 31, 2007 based on past
29

service and thus salary increases and additional years of service after such date no longer affect the defined benefit provided by the Plan, although additional vesting may continue to occur.
 
The Company's funding policy is to contribute amounts to the Plan sufficient to meet the minimum funding requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), as amended. In addition, the Company contributes additional amounts as it deems appropriate based on benefits attributed to service prior to the date of the Plan freeze. The Plan invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of managed fixed income and equity funds.
 
The components of net periodic benefit cost for the periods indicated are presented in the following table:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)2020201920202019
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation$359 $403 $1,078 $1,207 
Expected return on plan assets(456)(412)(1,368)(1,236)
Recognized net actuarial loss219 264 656 794 
Net periodic benefit cost$122 $255 $366 $765 

The decision as to whether or not to make a plan contribution and the amount of any such contribution is dependent on a number of factors. Such factors include the investment performance of Plan assets in the current economy and, since the Plan is currently frozen, the remaining investment horizon of the Plan. After consideration of these factors, the Company has not made a contribution during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Management continues to monitor the funding level of the Plan and may make additional contributions as necessary during 2020.
 
NOTE 12 – NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
The calculation of net income per common share for the periods indicated is presented in the following table:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars and amounts in thousands, except per share data)2020201920202019
Net income$44,642 $29,383 $40,291 $87,976 
    Distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to
participating securities		373 186 317 570 
Net income attributable to common shareholders$44,269 $29,197 $39,974 $87,406 
Total weighted average outstanding shares47,415 35,850 43,261 35,829 
    Less: Weighted average participating securities397 228 355 237 
Basic weighted average common shares47,018 35,622 42,906 35,592 
    Dilutive weighted average common stock equivalents157 50 165 50 
Diluted weighted average common shares47,175 35,672 43,071 35,642 
Basic net income per common share$0.94 $0.82 $0.93 $2.46 
Diluted net income per common share$0.94 $0.82 $0.93 $2.45 
Anti-dilutive shares37 8 22 10 

NOTE 13 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/ (LOSS)
Comprehensive income/ (loss) is defined as net income/ (loss) plus transactions and other occurrences that are the result of non-owner changes in equity. For Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements presented for the Company, non-owner changes in equity are comprised of unrealized gains or losses on investments available-for-sale and any minimum pension liability adjustments.
 
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The following table presents the activity in net accumulated other comprehensive income/ (loss) and the components of the activity for the periods indicated:
(In thousands)Unrealized Gains
on Investments
Available-for-Sale		Defined Benefit
Pension Plan		Total
Balance at January 1, 2020$4,000 $(8,332)$(4,332)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification, net of tax21,650 — 21,650 
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax(322)497 175 
Current period change in other comprehensive income, net of tax21,328 497 21,825 
Balance at September 30, 2020$25,328 $(7,835)$17,493 
 
(In thousands)Unrealized Gains/
(Losses) on
Investments
Available-for-Sale		Defined Benefit
Pension Plan		Total
Balance at January 1, 2019$(6,630)$(9,124)$(15,754)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification, net of tax12,475 — 12,475 
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax(15)586 571 
Current period change in other comprehensive income, net of tax12,460 586 13,046 
Balance at September 30, 2019$5,830 $(8,538)$(2,708)

The following table provides the information on the reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income/ (loss) for the periods indicated:
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)20202019
Unrealized gains on investments available-for-sale:
Affected line item in the Statements of Income:
Investment securities gains$432 $20 
Income before taxes432 20 
Tax expense(110)(5)
Net income$322 $15 
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan items:
Affected line item in the Statements of Income:
Recognized actuarial loss (1)
$(656)$(794)
Loss before taxes(656)(794)
Tax benefit159 208 
Net loss$(497)$(586)
(1)This amount is included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 11 for additional information on the pension plan.

NOTE 14 – LEASES
The Company leases real estate properties for its network of bank branches, financial centers and corporate offices. All of the Company’s leases are currently classified as operating. Most lease agreements include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the original lease term from one to twenty years or more. The Company does not sublease any of its leased real estate properties.
 

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The following table provides information regarding the Company's leases as of the dates indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020201920202019
Components of lease expense:
  Operating lease cost (resulting from lease payments)$3,154 $2,912 $9,281 $8,605 
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases:
  Operating cash flows from operating leases$4,158 $2,349 $10,160 $6,653 
  ROU assets obtained in the exchange for lease
liabilities due to:
      New leases$— $— $— $— 
      Acquisitions$— $— $7,720 $— 
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases:
  Operating lease ROU assets$67,554 $69,320 
  Operating lease liabilities$77,506 $76,871 
Other information related to leases:
  Weighted average remaining lease term of operating leases9.6 years10.4 years
  Weighted average discount rate of operating leases3.10%3.28%
 
The Company added two locations from the acquisition of RPJ during the first quarter of 2020. The associated new ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations totaled $0.3 million.
 
On April 1, 2020, in conjunction with the acquisition of Revere, the Company added 15 additional operating leases (at 12 locations), one of which is expected to commence operations in 2021. The associated new ROU assets of $7.4 million obtained in exchange for lease obligations of $8.7 million was recorded at the close of the acquisition. The ROU assets recorded at acquisition included $1.1 million for acquisition related unfavorable fair value marks and a tenant allowance of $0.2 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, subsequent to and resulting from the acquisition, the Company determined that due to market overlap and other synergies, the Company would more-likely-than-not terminate seven of the acquired leases, comprised of six branch locations and one office space location. The decision resulted in an impairment charge of $2.3 million, which was recorded to Merger and acquisition expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income during the second quarter of 2020. The Company estimated the fair value of the leases to be equal to the cash payments remaining between the impairment date and the anticipated abandonment date.

At September 30, 2020, the maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities were as follows:
 
(In thousands)Amount
Maturity: 
Remaining for 2020$3,280 
202112,634 
202211,029 
202310,882 
20249,064 
Thereafter44,407 
Total undiscounted lease payments91,296 
Less: Present value discount(13,790)
Lease Liability$77,506 
 
The Company recognized a lease liability of $2.1 million and ROU asset of $1.4 million for one additional operating lease that has not yet commenced operations at September 30, 2020, and is expected to commence operations in 2021. This ROU asset includes approximately $0.2 million of tenant allowance for improvements to the space and $0.5 million for an acquisition
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related unfavorable fair market value adjustment. The Company does not have any lease arrangements with any of its related parties as of September 30, 2020.

NOTE 15 – DERIVATIVES
The Company has entered into interest rate swaps (“swaps”) to facilitate customer transactions and meet their financing needs. These swaps qualify as derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments. Interest rate swap contracts involve the risk of dealing with counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. When the fair value of a derivative instrument contract is positive, this generally indicates that the counterparty or customer owes the Company and results in credit risk to the Company. When the fair value of a derivative instrument contract is negative, the Company owes the customer or counterparty and, therefore, has no credit risk. The notional value of the swaps outstanding was $240.1 million with a fair value of $10.2 million as of September 30, 2020 compared to $204.7 million with a fair value of $2.5 million as of December 31, 2019. The swap positions are offset to minimize the potential impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Fair values of the swaps are carried as both gross assets and gross liabilities in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Condition. The associated net gains and losses on the swaps are recorded in Other income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
NOTE 16 – LITIGATION
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject in the ordinary course of business to various pending or threatened legal proceedings in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. After consultation with legal counsel, management does not anticipate that the ultimate liability, if any, arising out of these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, operating results or liquidity.
 
NOTE 17 – FAIR VALUE
GAAP provides entities the option to measure eligible financial assets, financial liabilities and commitments at fair value (i.e. the fair value option), on an instrument-by-instrument basis, that are otherwise not permitted to be accounted for at fair value under other accounting standards. The election to use the fair value option is available when an entity first recognizes a financial asset or financial liability or upon entering into a commitment. Subsequent changes in fair value must be recorded in earnings. The Company applies the fair value option on residential mortgage loans held for sale. The fair value option on residential mortgage loans held for sale allows the recognition of gains on the sale of mortgage loans to more accurately reflect the timing and economics of the transaction.
 
The standard for fair value measurement establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below.

Basis of Fair Value Measurement:
Level 1- Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2- Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability;
Level 3- Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).
 
A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 
Changes to interest rates may result in changes in the cash flows due to prepayments or extinguishments. Accordingly, changes to interest rates could result in higher or lower measurements of the fair values.
 
Assets and Liabilities
Residential mortgage loans held for sale
Residential mortgage loans held for sale are valued based on quotations from the secondary market for similar instruments and are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
 
Investments available-for-sale
U.S. treasuries and government agencies securities and mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities
Valuations are based on active market data and use of evaluated broker pricing models that vary based by asset class and includes available trade, bid, and other market information. Generally, the methodology includes broker quotes, proprietary
33

models, descriptive terms, and databases coupled with extensive quality control programs. Quality control evaluation processes use available market, credit and deal level information to support the evaluation of the security. Additionally, proprietary models and pricing systems, mathematical tools, actual transacted prices, integration of market developments and experienced evaluators are used to determine the value of a security based on a hierarchy of market information regarding a security or securities with similar characteristics. The Company does not adjust the quoted price for such securities. Such instruments are classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
 
State and municipal securities
The Company primarily uses prices obtained from third-party pricing services to determine the fair value of securities. The Company independently evaluates and corroborates the fair value received from pricing services through various methods and techniques, including references to dealer or other market quotes, by reviewing valuations of comparable instruments, and by comparing the prices realized on the sale of similar securities. Such securities are classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Corporate debt
The fair value of corporate debt is determined by utilizing a discounted cash flow valuation technique employed by a third-party valuation specialist. The third-party specialist uses assumptions related to yield, prepayment speed, conditional default rates and loss severity based on certain factors such as, credit worthiness of the counterparty, prevailing market rates, and analysis of similar securities. The Company evaluates the fair values provided by the third-party specialist for reasonableness and classifies them as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Interest rate swap agreements
Interest rate swap agreements are measured by alternative pricing sources using a discounted cash flow method that incorporates current market interest rates. Based on the complex nature of interest rate swap agreements, the markets these instruments trade in are not as efficient and are less liquid than that of the more mature Level 1 markets. These characteristics classify interest rate swap agreements as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities at the dates indicated that were accounted for or disclosed at fair value. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement:
 September 30, 2020
 Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets		Significant Other
Observable Inputs		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs		 
(In thousands)(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)Total
Assets:    
Residential mortgage loans held for sale (1)$— $88,728 $— $88,728 
Investments available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries and government agencies— 139,405 — 139,405 
State and municipal— 352,987 — 352,987 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed— 852,314 — 852,314 
Corporate debt— — 12,499 12,499 
Total investments available-for-sale— 1,344,706 12,499 1,357,205 
Interest rate swap agreements— 10,223 — 10,223 
Total assets$— $1,443,657 $12,499 $1,456,156 
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap agreements$— $(10,223)$— $(10,223)
Total liabilities$— $(10,223)$— $(10,223)
 (1) The outstanding principal balance for residential loans held for sale as of September 30, 2020 was $85.8 million.
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 December 31, 2019
 Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets		Significant Other
Observable Inputs		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs		 
(In thousands)(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)Total
Assets:    
Residential mortgage loans held for sale$— $53,701 $— $53,701 
Investments available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries and government agencies— 258,495 — 258,495 
State and municipal— 233,649 — 233,649 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed— 570,759 — 570,759 
Corporate debt— — 9,552 9,552 
Trust preferred— — 310 310 
Total debt securities— 1,062,903 9,862 1,072,765 
Marketable equity securities— 568 — 568 
Total investments available-for-sale— 1,063,471 9,862 1,073,333 
Interest rate swap agreements— 2,507 — 2,507 
Total assets$— $1,119,679 $9,862 $1,129,541 
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap agreements$— $(2,507)$— $(2,507)
Total liabilities$— $(2,507)$— $(2,507)
 (1) The outstanding principal balance for residential loans held for sale as of December 31, 2019 was $52.6 million.

The following table provides a change in the fair value of assets measured in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Condition at fair value with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis for the period indicated:
 Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(In thousands)(Level 3)
Investments available-for-sale: 
Balance at January 1, 2020$9,862 
Additions of Level 3 assets3,050 
Sales of Level 3 assets(349)
Total unrealized loss included in other comprehensive income/ (loss)(64)
Balance at September 30, 2020$12,499 

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets subject to fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis at the date indicated that are valued at the lower of cost or market. Assets are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement:
 September 30, 2020
(In thousands)Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)		TotalTotal Losses
Loans$— $— $14,325 $14,325 $(11,326)
Other real estate owned— — 1,671 1,671 (282)
Total$— $— $15,996 $15,996 $(11,608)
 
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 December 31, 2019
(In thousands)Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)		TotalTotal Losses
Loans$— $— $6,886 $6,886 $(6,299)
Other real estate owned— — 1,482 1,482 (281)
Total$— $— $8,368 $8,368 $(6,580)
  
At September 30, 2020, loans totaling $56.1 million were written down to fair value of $47.8 million as a result of individual credit loss allowances of $8.3 million associated with the collateral dependent loans. Loans totaling $24.8 million were written down to fair value of $19.3 million at December 31, 2019 as a result of individual credit loss allowances of $5.5 million associated with the collateral dependent loans.
 
Fair value of the collateral dependent loans is measured based on the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral (less estimated selling costs). Collateral may be real estate and/or business assets such as equipment, inventory and/or accounts receivable. The value of business equipment, inventory and accounts receivable collateral is based on net book value on the business’ financial statements and, if necessary, discounted based on management’s review and analysis. Appraised and reported values may be discounted based on management’s historical experience, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business. Collateral dependent loans are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional individual reserve and adjusted accordingly, based on the factors identified above.
 
OREO is adjusted to fair value upon acquisition of the real estate collateral. Subsequently, OREO is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. The estimated fair value for OREO included in Level 3 is determined by independent market based appraisals and other available market information, less costs to sell, that may be reduced further based on market expectations or an executed sales agreement. If the fair value of the collateral deteriorates subsequent to initial recognition, the Company records the OREO as a nonrecurring Level 3 adjustment. Valuation techniques are consistent with those techniques applied in prior periods.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company discloses fair value information, based on the exit price notion, of financial instruments that are not measured at fair value in the financial statements. Fair value is the amount at which a financial instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced sale or liquidation, and is best evidenced by a quoted market price, if one exists.
 
Quoted market prices, where available, are shown as estimates of fair market values. Because no quoted market prices are available for a significant portion of the Company's financial instruments, the fair value of such instruments has been derived based on the amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates based on observable inputs (“Level 2”) or unobservable inputs (“Level 3”).

Present value techniques used in estimating the fair value of many of the Company's financial instruments are significantly affected by the assumptions used. In that regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate cash settlement of the instrument. Additionally, the accompanying estimates of fair values are only representative of the fair values of the individual financial assets and liabilities, and should not be considered an indication of the fair value of the Company. Management utilizes internal models used in asset liability management to determine the fair values disclosed below.

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The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at the dates indicated are presented in the following tables:
   Fair Value Measurements
 September 30, 2020Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair
Value
Financial assets:     
Cash and cash equivalents$224,883 $224,883 $224,883 $— $— 
Residential mortgage loans held for sale88,728 88,728 — 88,728 — 
Investments available-for-sale1,357,205 1,357,205 — 1,344,706 12,499 
Equity securities68,528 68,528 68,528 — — 
Loans, net of allowance10,163,621 10,332,039 — — 10,332,039 
Interest rate swap agreements10,223 10,223 — 10,223 — 
Accrued interest receivable48,176 48,176 48,176 — — 
Bank owned life insurance126,182 126,182 — 126,182 — 
Financial liabilities:
Time deposits$1,868,285 $1,889,807 $— $1,889,807 $— 
Other deposits8,096,684 8,096,684 8,096,684 — — 
Securities sold under retail repurchase agreements and
federal funds purchased462,706 462,889 — 462,889 — 
Advances from FHLB444,210 457,875 — 457,875 — 
Subordinated debt230,300 234,808 — — 234,808 
Interest rate swap agreements10,223 10,223 — 10,223 — 
Accrued interest payable6,822 6,822 6,822 — — 

   Fair Value Measurements
 December 31, 2019Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair
Value
Financial assets:     
Cash and cash equivalents$146,103 $146,103 $146,103 $— $— 
Residential mortgage loans held for sale53,701 53,701 — 53,701 — 
Investments available-for-sale1,073,333 1,073,333 — 1,063,471 9,862 
Equity securities51,803 51,803 51,803 — — 
Loans, net of allowance6,649,100 6,628,054 — — 6,628,054 
Interest rate swap agreements2,507 2,507 — 2,507 — 
Accrued interest receivable23,282 23,282 23,282 — — 
Bank owned life insurance113,171 113,171 — 113,171 — 
Financial liabilities:
Time deposits$1,542,322 $1,547,116 $— $1,547,116 $— 
Other deposits4,897,997 4,897,997 4,897,997 — — 
Securities sold under retail repurchase agreements and
federal funds purchased213,605 213,605 — 213,605 — 
Advances from FHLB513,777 520,729 — 520,729 — 
Subordinated debt209,406 200,864 — — 200,864 
Interest rate swap agreements2,507 2,507 — 2,507 — 
Accrued interest payable4,194 4,194 4,194 — — 

NOTE 18 - SEGMENT REPORTING
Currently, the Company conducts business in three operating segments - Community Banking, Insurance and Investment Management. Each of the operating segments is a strategic business unit that offers different products and services. The Insurance and Investment Management segments were businesses that were acquired in separate transactions where management of the acquired business was retained. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those of the Company. However, the segment data reflects inter-segment transactions and balances.

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The Community Banking segment is conducted through Sandy Spring Bank and involves delivering a broad range of financial products and services, including various loan and deposit products, to both individuals and businesses. Parent company income and assets are included in the Community Banking segment, as the majority of parent company functions is related to this segment. Beginning on April 1, 2020, the Community Banking segment includes the impact from the Revere acquisition. Major revenue sources include net interest income, gains on sales of mortgage loans, trust income fees and service charges on deposit accounts. Expenses include personnel, occupancy, marketing, equipment and other expenses. Non-cash charges associated with amortization of intangibles were $1.4 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and were $3.2 million and $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
 
The Insurance segment is conducted through Sandy Spring Insurance, a subsidiary of the Bank. Sandy Spring Insurance operates Sandy Spring Insurance, a general insurance agency located in Annapolis, Maryland, and Neff and Associates, located in Ocean City, Maryland. Major sources of revenue are insurance commissions from commercial lines, personal lines, and medical liability lines. Expenses include personnel, occupancy, support charges and other expenses. Non-cash charges associated with amortization of intangibles were not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
 
The Investment Management segment is conducted through West Financial and RPJ, subsidiaries of the Bank. These asset management and financial planning firms, located in McLean, Virginia and Falls Church, Virginia, respectively, provide comprehensive investment management and financial planning to individuals, families, small businesses and associations, including cash flow analysis, investment review, tax planning, retirement planning, insurance analysis and estate planning. West Financial and RPJ had approximately $3.1 billion in combined assets under management as of September 30, 2020. Major revenue sources include non-interest income earned on the above services. Expenses include personnel, occupancy, support charges and other expenses. Non-cash charges associated with amortization of intangibles were $0.5 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, and were not significant for the same periods in the prior year.
 
Information for the operating segments and reconciliation of the information to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods indicated are presented in the following tables:

 Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(In thousands)Community
Banking		InsuranceInvestment
Management		Inter-Segment
Elimination		Total
Interest income$112,985 $1 $1 $(3)$112,984 
Interest expense15,503 — — (3)15,500 
Provision for credit losses7,003 — — — 7,003 
Non-interest income24,746 2,119 2,746 (221)29,390 
Non-interest expense57,856 1,580 1,722 (221)60,937 
Income before income taxes57,369 540 1,025 — 58,934 
Income tax expense13,912 149 231 — 14,292 
Net income$43,457 $391 $794 $— $44,642 
Assets$12,678,396 $11,289 $57,088 $(68,642)$12,678,131 
 
38

 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(In thousands)Community
Banking		InsuranceInvestment
Management		Inter-Segment
Elimination		Total
Interest income$87,068 $13 $4 $(3)$87,082 
Interest expense20,295 — — (3)20,292 
Provision for credit losses1,524 — — — 1,524 
Non-interest income14,080 2,123 2,538 (168)18,573 
Non-interest expense41,806 1,635 1,652 (168)44,925 
Income before income taxes37,523 501 890 — 38,914 
Income tax expense9,162 138 231 — 9,531 
Net income$28,361 $363 $659 $— $29,383 
Assets$8,437,588 $11,615 $22,033 $(33,698)$8,437,538 

 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(In thousands)Community
Banking		InsuranceInvestment
Management		Inter-Segment
Elimination		Total
Interest income$311,771 $5 $3 $(10)$311,769 
Interest expense48,447 — — (10)48,437 
Provision for credit losses90,158 — — — 90,158 
Non-interest income57,976 5,446 7,705 (645)70,482 
Non-interest expense184,921 4,319 5,526 (645)194,121 
Income before income taxes46,221 1,132 2,182 — 49,535 
Income tax expense8,396 313 535 — 9,244 
Net income$37,825 $819 $1,647 $— $40,291 
Assets$12,678,396 $11,289 $57,088 $(68,642)$12,678,131 
 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(In thousands)Community
Banking		InsuranceInvestment
Management		Inter-Segment
Elimination		Total
Interest income$262,465 $15 $9 $(10)$262,479 
Interest expense62,764 — — (10)62,754 
Provision for credit losses3,029 — — — 3,029 
Non-interest income39,643 5,296 7,660 (501)52,098 
Non-interest expense123,876 4,359 5,270 (501)133,004 
Income before income taxes112,439 952 2,399 — 115,790 
Income tax expense26,924 265 625 — 27,814 
Net income$85,515 $687 $1,774 $— $87,976 
Assets$8,437,588 $11,615 $22,033 $(33,698)$8,437,538 

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Forward-Looking Statements
This report, as well as other periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and written or oral communications made from time to time by or on behalf of Sandy Spring Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”), may contain statements relating to future events or future results of the Company that are considered “forward-looking statements” under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “estimate,” “intend” and “potential,” or words of similar meaning, or future or conditional verbs such as “should,” “could,” or “may.” Forward-looking statements include statements of our goals, intentions and expectations; statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies; statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.
 
Forward-looking statements reflect our expectation or prediction of future conditions, events or results based on information currently available. These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. These principal risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks identified in Item 1A of the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1A of Part II of the Company's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020 report and the following:
•risks, uncertainties and other factors relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the length of time that the pandemic continues, the imposition of any shelter in place orders and restrictions on travel; the effect of the pandemic on the general economy and on the businesses of our borrowers and their ability to make payments on their obligations; the remedial actions and stimulus measures adopted by federal, state and local governments, and the inability of employees to work due to illness, quarantine, or government mandates;
•general business and economic conditions nationally or in the markets that the Company serves could adversely affect, among other things, real estate prices, unemployment levels, the ability of businesses to remain viable and consumer and business confidence, which could lead to decreases in the demand for loans, deposits and other financial services that we provide and increases in loan delinquencies and defaults;
•changes or volatility in the capital markets and interest rates may adversely impact the value of securities, loans, deposits and other financial instruments and the interest rate sensitivity of our balance sheet as well as our liquidity;
•our liquidity requirements could be adversely affected by changes in our assets and liabilities;
•our investment securities portfolio is subject to credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk as well as changes in the estimates we use to value certain of the securities in our portfolio;
•the effect of the recent presidential election and of legislative or regulatory developments including changes in laws concerning taxes, banking, securities, insurance and other aspects of the financial services industry;
•acquisition integration risks, including potential deposit attrition, higher than expected costs, customer loss, business disruption and the inability to realize benefits and costs savings from, and limit any unexpected liabilities associated with, any business combinations;
•competitive factors among financial services companies, including product and pricing pressures and our ability to attract, develop and retain qualified banking professionals;
•the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and other regulatory agencies; and
•the effect of fiscal and governmental policies of the United States federal government.
 
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. The Company does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events except as required by federal securities laws.

The Company
Sandy Spring Bancorp, Inc. is the bank holding company for Sandy Spring Bank (the “Bank”). The Company is a community banking organization that focuses its lending and other services on businesses and consumers in the local market area. At September 30, 2020, the Company had $12.7 billion in assets, a $4.0 billion increase from total assets at December 31, 2019. The April 1, 2020 acquisition of Revere Bank (“Revere”) was responsible for $2.8 billion of this growth. In addition, the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP” or “PPP program”) was responsible for $1.1 billion in asset growth. The Company is registered as a bank holding company pursuant to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended and is subject to supervision and regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”).
 
Sandy Spring Bank is an independent and community-oriented bank that offers a broad range of commercial banking, retail banking, mortgage and trust services throughout central Maryland, Northern Virginia, and the greater Washington, D.C. market.
40

Through its subsidiaries, Sandy Spring Insurance Corporation, West Financial Services, Inc. and Rembert Pendleton and Jackson ("RPJ”), the Bank also offers a variety of comprehensive insurance and wealth management services. The Bank is a state chartered bank subject to supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve and the State of Maryland. Deposit accounts of the Bank are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) to the maximum amount permitted by law. The Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve System and is an Equal Housing Lender. The Company, the Bank, and its other subsidiaries are Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employers.  Beginning in 2018, the Company has completed a series of strategic acquisitions in its market area. On April 1, 2020 (“Acquisition Date”), the Company completed the acquisition of Revere, headquartered in Rockville, Maryland. The acquisition resulted in the addition of 11 banking offices and more than $2.8 billion in assets as of the Acquisition Date. At the Acquisition Date, Revere had loans of $2.5 billion and deposits of $2.3 billion. The all-stock transaction resulted in the issuance of 12.8 million common shares and with total consideration valued at approximately $293 million. In addition, on February 1, 2020 the Company acquired RPJ, a wealth advisory firm located in Falls Church, Virginia with approximately $1.5 billion in assets under management on the date the acquisition closed. During 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of WashingtonFirst Bankshares, Inc., the parent company for WashingtonFirst Bank (collectively referred to as “WashingtonFirst”). At the date of acquisition, WashingtonFirst had more than $2.1 billion in assets, loans of $1.7 billion and deposits of $1.6 billion. The all-stock transaction resulted in the issuance of 11.4 million common shares valued at approximately $447 million.
 
The results of operations from the Revere and RPJ acquisitions have been included in the consolidated results of operations from the date of the acquisitions. As a result of the growth, the statement of condition, interest and non-interest income and expense increased from the prior year’s quarter. Cost savings from the synergies resulting from the combination of the institutions are expected to be realized throughout 2020 and into 2021.
 
Current State and Response
The Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations have been profoundly affected by the outbreak of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19" or “pandemic”), which will likely continue to have adverse effects on its future performance. Both globally and within the United States, the pandemic has resulted in negative impacts and a significant disruption to economic and commercial activity and financial markets. Area jurisdictions continue to monitor and modify their respective pandemic guidelines on a periodic basis. Businesses continue to observe and modify their activities and behaviors to remain in compliance with the jurisdictional directives while concurrently providing consumers with goods and services. These directives have resulted in significant business and operational disruptions, including business closures, operational reorganizations, supply chain disruptions, and layoffs and furloughs. Certain actions taken by U.S. or other governmental authorities, including the Federal Reserve, that are intended to ameliorate the macroeconomic effects of COVID-19 may cause additional harm to our business. Decreases in short-term interest rates, such as those announced by the Federal Reserve during the first fiscal quarter of 2020, resulted in a negative impact on our results, as we have certain assets and liabilities that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Management continually monitors developments, evaluates strategic and tactical initiatives and solutions and allocates the necessary resources to mitigate the negative impact of this significant market disruption caused by the pandemic. For a description of the potential impacts of COVID-19 on the Company, see “Item 1A-Risk Factors.”
 
As an essential business, the Company has implemented business continuity plans and continues to provide financial services to clients. In response to COVID-19, the Company began implementing its business continuity plan in early March, which led to the implementation of numerous actions to address the health and safety of employees and clients and to assist clients that have been impacted by the pandemic. A substantial majority of non-branch employees continue to work remotely and clients are served at branches primarily through drive-thru facilities and limited lobby access. As area jurisdictions begin to relax their restrictions, the Company is cautiously executing the first phase of its return to work plan.
 
The Company processed and approved over 5,400 PPP loans for a total of $1.1 billion at September 30, 2020 to assist borrowers in maintaining their payroll of an estimated 112,000 employees and cover applicable overhead. The Company funded the PPP loans with borrowings through the Federal Reserve’s Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”). Loans under the PPP have an interest rate of 1.00% while the borrowings under the PPPLF bear interest at a rate of 0.35%. The Company received loan processing fees of approximately $36 million from the SBA that were deferred for recognition over the life of the PPP loans. At September 30, 2020, the remaining balance of these deferred fees was $25.5 million.
 
As a further relief to qualified commercial, mortgage and consumer loan customers, the Company developed guidelines to provide for deferment of certain loan payments. From March through September 30, 2020, the Company granted approvals for payment modifications/deferrals on over 2,500 loans with an aggregate balance of $2.0 billion of which more than 502 loans with an aggregate balance of $562 million remain in deferral status as of September 30, 2020.
 
The Company temporarily waived certain transaction fees and penalties on early certificate of deposit withdrawals and eliminated specific processing fees for business clients to ease their financial burden during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Current Quarter Financial Overview
The Company recorded net income of $44.6 million ($0.94 per diluted common share) in the current quarter compared to net income of $29.4 million ($0.82 per diluted common share) for the third quarter of 2019 and a net loss of $14.3 million ($0.31 per diluted common share) for the second quarter of 2020.
 
Operating earnings, on an after-tax basis, which exclude the impact of merger and acquisition expense, the provision for credit losses and the effects from the PPP program, were $45.9 million ($0.97 per diluted common share) for the current quarter, compared to $30.8 million ($0.86 per diluted common share) for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 and $42.0 million ($0.88 per diluted common share) for the quarter ended June 30, 2020.
 
The current quarter’s results included $1.3 million for merger and acquisition expense related to the second quarter acquisition of Revere as compared to $22.5 million for the linked quarter. The provision for credit losses for the current quarter was $7.0 million as compared to $58.7 million for the second quarter of 2020. The decrease in the provision for credit losses, compared to the prior quarter is a result of the stability of the economic forecast compared to the prior quarter and the performance of the loan portfolio.
 
The third quarter’s results reflect the following events:
 
•Total assets at September 30, 2020, grew 50% to $12.7 billion compared to September 30, 2019, as a result of the Revere acquisition and participation in the PPP. Loans and deposits grew by 57% and 53%, respectively. Revere’s loans and deposits on the Acquisition Date were $2.5 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively. Additionally, the Company originated $1.1 billion in commercial business loans through the PPP.

•The net interest margin for the third quarter of 2020 was 3.24%, compared to 3.51% for the third quarter of 2019 and 3.47% for the second quarter of 2020. Excluding the impact of the amortization of the fair value marks derived from acquisitions, the current quarter’s net interest margin would have been 3.18%, compared to 3.47% for the third quarter of 2019 and 3.19% for the second quarter of 2020.

•The provision for credit losses was $7.0 million for the current quarter. The lower provision for the current quarter, as compared to the prior quarter's provision of $58.7 million, was the result of the stabilization in economic projections compared to the prior quarter and the performance of the loan portfolio.

•Non-interest income increased from the prior year quarter by 58% to $29.4 million. This increase was driven by a 220% increase in income from mortgage banking activities and growth of 42% in wealth management income, which benefited from the acquisition of RPJ in the first quarter of the year.

•Non-interest expense for the third quarter of 2020 increased $16.0 million or 36% compared to the prior year quarter. This increase was driven by the impact of the acquisitions of Revere and RPJ, which increased compensation costs, facilities and operational costs and merger and acquisition expense.

•Return on average assets (“ROA”) for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 was 1.38% and return on average on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”) was 18.16%. This compares to 1.39% and 15.13% for ROA and ROTCE, respectively, for the prior year. The non-GAAP efficiency ratio for the third quarter of 2020 was 45.27% compared to 50.95% for the third quarter of 2019.

Summary of Third Quarter Results
 
Balance Sheet and Credit Quality
Total assets grew 50% to $12.7 billion at September 30, 2020, as compared to $8.4 billion at September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of the acquisition of Revere during the second quarter of 2020, and to a lesser degree, participation in the PPP. During this period, total loans grew by 57% to $10.3 billion at September 30, 2020, compared to $6.6 billion at September 30, 2019. Excluding PPP loans, total loans grew 41% to $9.3 billion at September 30, 2020, driven primarily by the Revere acquisition. Commercial loans, excluding PPP loans, grew 55% or $2.6 billion while the remainder of the total loan portfolio grew 2%. The investment portfolio grew to $1.4 billion at September 30, 2020 from $946.2 million at September 30, 2019 and remained level at 11% of total assets. The Company’s liquidity position continued to remain strong as a result of its operational cash flows, in addition to the available borrowing lines with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”), the Federal Reserve Bank and other sources, and the size and composition of the available-for-sale investment portfolio. Deposit growth was 53% from September 30, 2019 to September 30, 2020, as noninterest-bearing deposits experienced growth of 66% and interest-bearing
42

deposits grew 47%. This growth was driven by the combination of the Revere acquisition and the PPP program, as loan funds were placed into customer deposit accounts at the Bank. During the current quarter, excess liquidity was used to reduce borrowings under the PPPLF program by approximately $595 million.

Stockholders’ equity grew 25% to $1.4 billion compared to September 30, 2019 as a result of the equity issuance associated with the Revere acquisition in addition to net earnings over the preceding twelve months. Tangible common equity increased to $1.0 billion or 8.17% of tangible assets at September 30, 2020, compared to $787.3 million or 9.74% at September 30, 2019, as a result of the equity issuance associated with the Revere acquisition. The year-over-year change in tangible common equity also reflects the effects of the repurchase of $50 million of common stock and the increase in intangible assets and goodwill associated with the two acquisitions during the past twelve months. At September 30, 2020, the Company had a total risk-based capital ratio of 14.02%, a common equity tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 10.45%, a tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 10.45% and a tier 1 leverage ratio of 8.65%.
 
The level of non-performing loans to total loans increased to 0.72% at September 30, 2020, compared to 0.61% at September 30, 2019, and decreased from 0.77% at June 30, 2020. At September 30, 2020, non-performing loans totaled $74.7 million, compared to $40.1 million at September 30, 2019, and $79.9 million at June 30, 2020. Non-performing loans include accruing loans 90 days or more past due and restructured loans. The year-over-year growth in non-performing loans was driven by three major components: loans placed in non-accrual status, acquired Revere non-accrual loans, and loans previously accounted for as purchased credit impaired loans that have been designated as non-accrual loans as a result of the Company’s adoption of the accounting standard for expected credit losses at the beginning of the year. Loans placed on non-accrual during the current quarter amounted to $0.9 million compared to $6.0 million for the prior year quarter and $27.3 million for the second quarter of 2020 which included $11.3 million in Revere non-accrual loans as of the Acquisition Date.
 
The Company recorded net charge-offs of $0.2 million for the third quarter of 2020 as compared to net charge-offs of $0.6 million for the third quarter of 2019. The second quarter of 2020 had net recoveries of $0.4 million.
 
The allowance for credit losses was $170.3 million or 1.65% of outstanding loans and 228% of non-performing loans at September 30, 2020, compared to $163.5 million or 1.58% of outstanding loans and 205% of non-performing loans at June 30, 2020. The combination of the impact of the updated projected future economic metrics and qualitative assessment of the loan portfolio resulted in the modest increase in the allowance from the previous quarter.
 
Quarterly Results of Operations
Net interest income for the third quarter of 2020 increased 46% compared to the third quarter of 2019, driven primarily by the Revere acquisition. The PPP program and its associated funding contributed a net of $6.6 million to net interest income for the quarter. The net interest margin declined to 3.24% for the third quarter of 2020 compared to 3.51% for the third quarter of 2019. Excluding the net $1.9 million impact of the amortization of the fair value marks derived from acquisitions, the net interest margin would have been 3.18%.
 
The provision for credit losses was $7.0 million for the third quarter of 2020, compared to $1.5 million for the third quarter of 2019 and $58.7 million for the second quarter of 2020. The decrease in the current quarter's provision for credit losses, compared to the prior quarter, is a result of the stability of the economic forecast compared to the prior quarter and resiliency of the loan portfolio's credit quality. The provision for credit losses during the second quarter was primarily the result of deterioration in forecasted economic conditions ($33.8 million) and the initial allowance required on Revere non-purchased credit deteriorated loans ($17.5 million).
 
Non-interest income increased $10.8 million or 58% from the prior year quarter. Income from mortgage banking activities during this period increased $9.7 million as a result of refinancing activity, and wealth management income increased $2.3 million as a result of the first quarter 2020 acquisition of RPJ. This growth more than compensated for the combined $1.4 million declines in service fee income and other non-interest income as compared to the prior year quarter.
 
Non-interest expense grew 36% or $16.0 million from the prior year quarter. Excluding the impact of merger and acquisition expense, non-interest expense grew 34% year-over-year, primarily as a result of the operational cost of the Revere and RPJ acquisitions, increased compensation expense related to staff increases, incentive compensation and annual merit increases, in addition to an increase in FDIC insurance and the amortization of intangible assets.
 
The GAAP efficiency ratio for the third quarter of 2020 decreased to 48.03% compared to 52.63% for the third quarter of 2019 as revenue increased at a faster rate than non-interest expense. This ratio was 68.66% in the second quarter of 2020 as a result of the $22.5 million in merger and acquisition expense recognized in that quarter. The non-GAAP efficiency ratio was 45.27% for the current quarter as compared to 50.95% for the third quarter of 2019 and 54.76% for the second quarter of 2020. The
43

decrease in the efficiency ratio (reflecting greater efficiency) from the third quarter of last year to the current year was the result of the 47% rate of growth in non-GAAP revenue outpacing the non-GAAP non-interest expense growth rate of 31%.

Acquisition of Revere Bank
Revere was acquired on April 1, 2020 and had assets of $2.8 billion, loans of $2.5 billion and deposits of $2.3 billion. This acquisition resulted in the growth of the balance sheet, interest and non-interest income and expense from the prior year’s quarter. The Company identified $974.8 million of acquired loans that were classified as purchased credit deteriorated loans (“PCD” or “PCD loans”). An initial allowance for credit losses of $18.6 million was recorded through a gross up adjustment to fair values of PCD loans. A fair value premium related to other factors totaled $4.5 million and will amortize to interest income over the remaining life of each loan. As a result of these fair value marks, total fair value of PCD loans as of the Acquisition Date was $960.7 million. Of the PCD loans, $11.3 million were non-accruing at the time of acquisition. The amount of PCD loans was directly attributable to the current market conditions in the economy. Refer to Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more details on factors considered in the PCD assessment. Acquired loans that had not experienced a more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since origination totaled $1.5 billion. The Company recorded a net fair value premium of $2.1 million on non-PCD loans, which will amortize to interest income over the remaining life of each loan. In addition, the acquired assets included a core deposit intangible asset valued at approximately $18.4 million. The determination of the fair value of interest-bearing liabilities resulted in a $20.8 million premium. The provisional amount of goodwill recognized as of the Acquisition Date was approximately $0.8 million. See Note 2 - Acquisition of Revere Bank in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
 
The change in estimated goodwill from the time of announcement to the Acquisition Date is presented in the following table:
 
(In thousands)Amount
Preliminary goodwill at transaction announcement$157,344 
Changes in consideration paid due to: 
Change in Sandy Spring share price(151,614)
Change in Revere shares1,123 
Change in fair value of Revere options(7,863)
Cash paid for fractional shares11 
Net change in consideration paid(158,343)
  
Changes in fair value of assets acquired due to: 
Cash and cash equivalents(140,126)
Investments available-for-sale(1,944)
Loans139,873 
Fair value of loans2,656 
Net change in loans142,529 
Core deposit intangible asset(4,370)
Other assets11,951 
Net change in assets8,040 
  
Changes in fair value of liabilities assumed due to: 
Deposits(29,739)
Fair value of deposits13,742 
Net change in deposits(15,997)
Advances from FHLB19,973 
Fair value of advances from FHLB2,820 
Net change in advances from FHLB22,793 
Fair value of subordinated debt449 
Other liabilities2,635 
Net change in liabilities9,880 
  
Net change in fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed(1,840)
Net change in preliminary goodwill(156,503)
Provisional goodwill at transaction closing$841 
44


Results of Operations
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded net income of $40.3 million ($0.93 per diluted common share). The year-to-date results were adversely affected as a result of the combination of merger and acquisition expense, the impact of the current year's economic forecast in the determination of the allowance for credit losses and the additional provision for credit losses associated with the Revere acquisition. The year-to-date 2020 result compares to net income of $88.0 million ($2.45 per diluted common share) for the nine months of ended September 30, 2019.
 
The year-to-date pre-tax results included $25.2 million for merger and acquisition expense related to the 2020 acquisitions. Additionally, earnings were negatively impacted by a $90.2 million provision for credit losses. Of this amount, approximately $59.3 million was related to changes in the economic forecast during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. In addition, as required by GAAP, the initial allowance for credit losses on Revere’s non-PCD loans was recognized through provision for credit losses in the amount of $17.5 million. The Company’s participation in the PPP and the associated funding program resulted in a net positive pre-tax impact of $12.1 million, year-to-date.
 
Operating earnings on an after-tax basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which exclude the impact of merger and acquisition expense, the provision for credit losses and the effects from the PPP program, were $117.2 million ($2.72 per diluted common share), compared to $90.5 million ($2.54 per diluted common share) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
 
Net Interest Income
Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $263.3 million compared to $199.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. On a tax-equivalent basis, net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $266.4 million compared to $203.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a 31% increase driven primarily by the Revere acquisition. The growth in net interest income benefited from $10.5 million in net amortization of the fair value marks derived from acquisitions. The year-to-date amortization of fair value marks resulted in a reduction in interest income of $0.6 million and a reduction of interest expense of $11.1 million. A significant portion of the decrease in interest expense was due to the impact of the $5.8 million in the accelerated premium amortization as a result of the prepayment of the acquired FHLB advances. In addition to the impact of the amortization of the fair value marks on net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the PPP program generated interest income, net of its associated funding cost, of $12.1 million. Year-to-date, interest income increased 19% while interest expense decreased 23% as compared to the same period in the prior year.
 
The following tables provide an analysis of net interest income performance that reflects a net interest margin that has declined to 3.33% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 3.55% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The positive effect of the accelerated amortization of the purchase premium on acquired FHLB advances accounts for a seven basis point benefit in the net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Additionally, year-over-year, the average yield on earning assets declined 71 basis points while the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities declined 70 basis points resulting in margin compression. The current margin reflects the positive impact from the inclusion of the net $10.5 million amortization of the fair value marks derived from acquisitions. Excluding the impact of the amortization of fair value marks and the net impact of the PPP program would have resulted in a net interest margin of 3.23%.

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Consolidated Average Balances, Yields and Rates
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
(Dollars in thousands and tax-equivalent)Average
Balances		(1)
Interest		Annualized
Average
Yield/Rate		Average
Balances
(1)
Interest		Annualized
Average
Yield/Rate
Assets:      
Commercial investor real estate loans$3,079,873 $103,238 4.48 %$1,969,599 $74,428 5.05 %
Commercial owner-occupied real estate loans1,532,154 54,215 4.73 1,227,327 44,975 4.90 
Commercial AD&C loans869,181 29,862 4.59 671,375 29,853 5.95 
Commercial business loans1,643,992 49,618 4.03 774,375 31,479 5.43 
Total commercial loans7,125,200 236,933 4.44 4,642,676 180,735 5.20 
Residential mortgage loans1,179,305 32,899 3.72 1,229,790 35,408 3.84 
Residential construction loans160,555 4,985 4.15 175,236 5,582 4.26 
Consumer loans528,152 15,550 3.93 502,476 18,797 5.00 
Total residential and consumer loans1,868,012 53,434 3.82 1,907,502 59,787 4.18 
Total loans (2)8,993,212 290,367 4.31 6,550,178 240,522 4.91 
Loans held for sale47,734 1,094 3.05 39,107 1,145 3.91 
Taxable securities1,095,419 17,557 2.14 752,518 17,169 3.04 
Tax-exempt securities (3)232,165 5,407 3.11 219,510 5,827 3.54 
Total investment securities (4)1,327,584 22,964 2.31 972,028 22,996 3.15 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks291,260 419 0.19 83,981 1,405 2.24 
Federal funds sold369 1 0.36 623 8 1.78 
Total interest-earning assets10,660,159 314,845 3.94 7,645,917 266,076 4.65 
Less: allowance for credit losses(114,613)  (53,440)  
Cash and due from banks126,607   64,227   
Premises and equipment, net59,357   61,039   
Other assets751,967   590,186   
Total assets$11,483,477   $8,307,929   
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:      
Interest-bearing demand deposits$1,017,873 1,519 0.20 %$733,872 1,305 0.24 %
Regular savings deposits363,303 212 0.08 330,377 321 0.13 
Money market savings deposits2,588,870 10,554 0.54 1,710,520 19,617 1.53 
Time deposits1,973,773 22,956 1.55 1,629,716 25,715 2.11 
Total interest-bearing deposits5,943,819 35,241 0.79 4,404,485 46,958 1.43 
Other borrowings553,898 1,731 0.42 158,279 945 0.80 
Advances from FHLB585,063 3,863 0.88 689,224 13,389 2.60 
Subordinated debentures222,470 7,602 4.56 37,376 1,462 5.22 
Total borrowings1,361,431 13,196 1.29 884,879 15,796 2.39 
Total interest-bearing liabilities7,305,250 48,437 0.89 5,289,364 62,754 1.59 
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits2,697,492   1,797,301   
Other liabilities172,944   122,564   
Stockholders' equity1,307,791   1,098,700   
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$11,483,477   $8,307,929   
Net interest income and spread 266,408 3.05 % 203,322 3.06 %
Less: tax-equivalent adjustment 3,076   3,597  
Net interest income $263,332   $199,725  
Interest income/earning assets  3.94 %  4.65 %
Interest expense/earning assets  0.61   1.10 
Net interest margin  3.33 %  3.55 %
(1)Tax-equivalent income has been adjusted using the combined marginal federal and state rate of 25.54% and 26.13% for 2020 and 2019, respectively. The annualized taxable-equivalent adjustments utilized in the above table to compute yields aggregated to $3.1 million and $3.6 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(2)Non-accrual loans are included in the average balances.
(3)Includes investments that are exempt from federal taxes.
(4)Investments available-for-sale are presented at amortized cost.

46

Effect of Volume and Rate Changes on Net Interest Income
The following table analyzes the reasons for the changes from year-to-year in the principal elements that comprise net interest income:
 2020 vs. 20192019 vs. 2018
 Increase
Or
(Decrease)		Due to Change In Average:*Increase
Or
(Decrease)		Due to Change In Average:*
(Dollars in thousands and tax equivalent)VolumeRateVolumeRate
Interest income from earning assets:      
  Commercial investor real estate loans$28,810 $38,009 $(9,199)$2,604 $1,137 $1,467 
  Commercial owner-occupied real estate loans9,240 10,849 (1,609)5,924 4,395 1,529 
  Commercial AD&C loans9 7,704 (7,695)4,261 3,254 1,007 
  Commercial business loans18,139 27,953 (9,814)5,427 4,004 1,423 
  Residential mortgage loans(2,509)(1,424)(1,085)5,128 3,949 1,179 
  Residential construction loans(597)(456)(141)(621)(1,109)488 
  Consumer loans(3,247)925 (4,172)1,487 (987)2,474 
  Loans held for sale(51)227 (278)162 262 (100)
  Taxable securities388 6,382 (5,994)1,278 (23)1,301 
  Tax-exempt securities(420)319 (739)(1,835)(1,814)(21)
  Interest-bearing deposits with banks(986)1,153 (2,139)323 (32)355 
  Federal funds sold(7)(2)(5)(20)(25)5 
Total interest income48,769 91,639 (42,870)24,118 13,011 11,107 
Interest expense on funding of earning assets:      
  Interest-bearing demand deposits214 457 (243)648 3 645 
  Regular savings deposits(109)28 (137)(167)(66)(101)
  Money market savings deposits(9,063)7,214 (16,277)6,589 1,805 4,784 
  Time deposits(2,759)4,831 (7,590)13,305 4,586 8,719 
  Other borrowings786 1,417 (631)346 (3)349 
  Advances from FHLB(9,526)(1,772)(7,754)(2,168)(5,513)3,345 
  Subordinated debentures6,140 6,344 (204)26 (5)31 
Total interest expense(14,317)18,519 (32,836)18,579 807 17,772 
Net interest income$63,086 $73,120 $(10,034)$5,539 $12,204 $(6,665)
*Variances that are the combined effect of volume and rate, but cannot be separately identified, are allocated to the volume and rate variances based on their respective relative amounts.
 
Interest Income
The Company's total tax-equivalent interest income increased 18% for the first nine months of 2020 compared to the prior year period. The previous table reflects that the increase in interest income has been driven predominantly by the 39% growth in average interest-earning assets as a result of the Revere acquisition and, to a lesser extent, the loans associated with the PPP program. The income growth has occurred despite the overall decline in the associated interest rates over the previous twelve months driven by concerns over slowing growth and the impact of the pandemic. During this period, the yield on interest-earning assets decreased 71 basis points to 3.94%.
 
During the first nine months of 2020 average loans outstanding increased 37% compared to the first nine months of 2019. Essentially all the growth in the loan portfolio occurred due to the 53% increase in the commercial loan portfolio, with notable increases in investor real estate loans (56%) and commercial business loans (112%). Consumer loans increased 5% and the residential mortgage portfolio declined 5% during the same time period. The decrease in average residential mortgages was the direct result of the increased refinancing activity due to the decline in interest rates coupled with the sale of the majority of new originations. The PPP program had a six basis point negative impact on the yield on interest-earning assets. Compared to the prior year, the yield on average loans decreased 60 basis points. The average yield on total investment securities decreased 84 basis points as the average balance of the portfolio increased 37% for the first nine months of 2020 compared to the first nine months of 2019. The offsetting effects of a larger average balance and lower yields resulted in interest income from investment securities remaining level during the period. Composition of the average investment portfolio shifted to 83% in federally taxable securities in the current period, as compared to 77% for the prior year period. During the same period, the average yield for taxable securities decreased 90 basis points and the average yield on tax-exempt securities decreased 43 basis points as cash flows and maturities in the portfolio were reinvested at lower rates in the current interest rate environment.
47

Interest Expense
For the first nine months of 2020 interest expense decreased $14.3 million or 23% compared to the first nine months of 2019. A portion of the decrease in interest expense was due to the impact of the $5.8 million in accelerated amortization of the fair value premium from the prepayment of acquired FHLB advances. The fair value premium amortization on time deposits was responsible for an additional $5.2 million reduction in interest expense for the first nine months of 2020. Excluding these items, interest expense decreased 5% compared to the prior year period, driven by the decrease in interest expense on money market accounts and time deposits as market rates have experienced a decline from the prior year. The 99 basis point decline in money market rates during this time period, in addition to the fair value amortization on time deposits, were the drivers in the decline in the total average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits. The cost of interest-bearing deposits, including the fair value amortization on time deposits, declined 64 basis points for the first nine months of 2020 compared to the first nine months of 2019. The exclusion of the amortization of the time deposit premium would result in a decline of 52 basis points in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits compared to the prior year. The time deposit amortization adjustment benefited the net interest margin by 10 basis points for the first nine months of 2020.
 
The other significant portion of the decrease in interest expense, as previously discussed, was the $5.8 million in accelerated amortization from the prepayment of the acquired FHLB advances. The effect of the accelerated amortization accounts for a further seven basis point benefit to the net interest margin for the first nine months of 2020. In total, the impact of the amortization of the fair value marks was a 20 basis point reduction in the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

Non-interest Income
Non-interest income amounts and trends are presented in the following table for the periods indicated:
 
 Nine Months Ended September 30,2020/20192020/2019
(Dollars in thousands)20202019$ Change% Change
Securities gains$432 $20 $412 n/m%
Service charges on deposit accounts5,149 7,265 (2,116)(29.1)
Mortgage banking activities25,567 10,541 15,026 142.5 
Wealth management income22,355 16,268 6,087 37.4 
Insurance agency commissions5,439 5,281 158 3.0 
Income from bank owned life insurance2,162 2,505 (343)(13.7)
Bank card fees4,102 4,181 (79)(1.9)
Other income5,276 6,037 (761)(12.6)
Total non-interest income$70,482 $52,098 $18,384 35.3 
 
Total non-interest income increased $18.4 million or 35% for the first nine months of 2020 to $70.5 million. The current period included $0.4 million in securities gains, while the prior year period included life insurance mortality proceeds of $0.6 million. Excluding these items, non-interest income increased 36% from the prior year. This increase was driven primarily by income from mortgage banking activities, which increased $15.0 million and, to a lesser degree, wealth management income,, which increased $6.1 million as a result of the first quarter acquisition of RPJ. These increases more than offset declines in deposit service fees, the reduction in BOLI income and lower other non-interest income. Further detail by type of non-interest income follows:
 
•Service charges on deposit accounts decreased 29% in the nine months of 2020, compared to the nine months of 2019 due to the decline in consumer activity and the decision to temporarily waive certain transaction fees to ease the burden of the pandemic on customers.
•Income from mortgage banking activities increased 143% in the nine months of 2020, compared to the nine months of 2019. Origination volume as a result of refinancing activity was primarily responsible for the growth in mortgage banking income for 2020. Sales of originated mortgage loans rose 73% during the current period compared to the same period for 2019.
•Wealth management income, comprised of income from trust and estate services and investment management fees earned by the Company’s investment management subsidiaries, increased 37% for the first nine months of 2020 compared to the same period of the prior year. This $6.1 million growth was the direct result of the acquisition of RPJ on February 1 of the current year. Trust services fees increased 11% for the first nine months of 2020 compared to the prior year period as a result of post-mortem estate management fees earned in the first quarter of 2020. Overall total assets under management increased to $4.7 billion at September 30, 2020 compared to $3.2 billion at September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of the RPJ acquisition.
48

•Insurance agency commissions increased 3% for the nine months of 2020 as compared to the nine months of 2019, driven by an increase in contingent fee income compared to the prior year.
•Bank-owned life insurance income decreased 14% for the first nine months of 2020 as compared to the first nine months of 2019, as the prior year included $0.6 million in insurance mortality proceeds compared to the current year.
•Bank card fee income declined 2% during the first nine months of 2020, compared to the first nine months of 2019, as a result of diminished consumer transaction volume.
•Other non-interest income decreased by 13% or $0.8 million during the first nine months of 2020, compared to the nine months of 2019 due primarily to a decline in miscellaneous income.

Non-interest Expense
Non-interest expense amounts and trends are presented in the following table for the periods indicated:
 
 Nine Months Ended September 30,2020/20192020/2019
(Dollars in thousands)20202019$ Change% Change
Salaries and employee benefits$98,391 $77,699 $20,692 26.6 %
Occupancy expense of premises16,147 14,807 1,340 9.0 
Equipment expense9,103 7,929 1,174 14.8 
Marketing3,223 3,371 (148)(4.4)
Outside data services6,365 5,713 652 11.4 
FDIC insurance3,200 2,137 1,063 49.7 
Amortization of intangible assets4,566 1,465 3,101 211.7 
Merger and acquisition expense25,171 364 24,807 n/m
Professional fees and services5,466 4,425 1,041 23.5 
Other expenses22,489 15,094 7,395 49.0 
Total non-interest expense$194,121 $133,004 $61,117 46.0 
 
Non-interest expense increased 46% to $194.1 million for the first nine months of 2020 compared to $133.0 million for first nine months of 2019. This $61.1 million increase resulted from the following primary causes:
•Merger and acquisition expense of $25.2 million from the Revere and RPJ acquisitions;
•Increased operational and compensation costs as a result of the 2020 acquisitions, bonus/overtime compensation, intangible amortization and annual employee merit increases; and
•Prepayment penalties of $5.9 million resulting from the liquidation of acquired FHLB advances.
 
Excluding merger and acquisition expense and the impact of the prepayment penalties from 2020, non-interest expense increased 23% over the prior year period. Further detail by category of non-interest expense follows:
•Salaries and employee benefits, the largest component of non-interest expense, increased 27% or $20.7 million in the first nine months of 2020. Regular salaries represented $14.3 million of this increase, which was the result of staffing costs associated with the 2020 acquisitions. The remainder of the increase was primarily the result of bonus/overtime compensation paid as part of the implementation of the PPP program, and rising employee benefits costs. As a result of the acquisitions, the average number of full-time equivalent employees increased to 1,080 in the first nine months of 2020 compared to 913 in the first nine months of 2019.
•Combined occupancy and equipment expenses increased 11% compared to the prior year as a result of increased cost associated with the additional branches and business offices from Revere and RPJ.
•Marketing expense amounts remained stable compared to the same period of the prior year.
•Outside data services expense increased 11% from the prior year period due to the increase in volume-based components of contractual-based services.
•FDIC insurance experienced a decrease in the 2019 assessment due to the additional capital contribution from the Company to the Bank associated with the Company’s issuance of subordinated debt, in addition to the receipt of an assessment credit received in 2019. The acquisition of Revere caused an assessment increase for 2020 due to the increase of the Bank's assessment base. The combination of the prior year's decrease and the current year's increase resulted in a the overall 50% increase in the expense.
•Amortization of intangible assets increased as a result of the amortization expense from the core deposit intangible asset recognized in the Revere transaction and, to a lesser degree, the amortization of intangibles acquired from the RPJ acquisition.
•Professional fees and services grew 24% from the prior year due to costs associated with lending activity.
49

•Other expenses increased $7.4 million due to the $5.9 million in prepayment penalties incurred in the liquidation of acquired FHLB advances from Revere. The impact of penalties was offset by the accelerated amortization of the fair value marks on these borrowings, which is reflected in net interest income.

Income Taxes
The Company had income tax expense of $9.2 million in the first nine months of 2020, compared to income tax expense of $27.8 million in the first nine months of 2019. This decline in tax expense is directly attributable to the second quarter's negative pre-tax earnings. The effective tax rate was 18.7% for the first nine months of 2020 compared to a tax rate of 24.0% for the first nine months of 2019. The current year's effective tax rate was positively affected by the recent change to tax laws that expanded the time permitted to utilize previous net operating losses. The Company applied this change to the 2018 acquisition of WashingtonFirst to realize a tax benefit of $1.8 million for the current year.
 
Operating Expense Performance
Management views the GAAP efficiency ratio as an important financial measure of expense performance and cost management. The ratio expresses the level of non-interest expense as a percentage of total revenue (net interest income plus total non-interest income). Lower ratios indicate improved productivity.
 
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company also uses a traditional efficiency ratio that is a non-GAAP financial measure of operating expense control and efficiency of operations. Management believes that its traditional efficiency ratio better focuses attention on the operating performance of the Company over time than does a GAAP efficiency ratio, and is highly useful in comparing period-to-period operating performance of the Company’s core business operations. It is used by management as part of its assessment of its performance in managing non-interest expense. However, this measure is supplemental, and is not a substitute for an analysis of performance based on GAAP measures. The reader is cautioned that the non-GAAP efficiency ratio used by the Company may not be comparable to GAAP or non-GAAP efficiency ratios reported by other financial institutions.
 
In general, the efficiency ratio is non-interest expense as a percentage of net interest income plus non-interest income. Non-interest expense used in the calculation of the non-GAAP efficiency ratio excludes merger and acquisition expense, the amortization of intangibles, and other non-recurring expenses, such as early prepayment penalties on FHLB advances. Income for the non-GAAP efficiency ratio includes the favorable effect of tax-exempt income, and excludes securities gains and losses, which vary widely from period to period without appreciably affecting operating expenses, and other non-recurring gains (if any). The measure is different from the GAAP efficiency ratio, which also is presented in this report. The GAAP measure is calculated using non-interest expense and income amounts as shown on the face of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The GAAP efficiency ratio for the first nine months of 2020 was 58.15% compared to 52.82% for the first nine months of 2019, as non-interest expense increased due to merger and acquisition expense and the previously mentioned prepayment penalties on FHLB advances. The GAAP and non-GAAP efficiency ratios are reconciled and provided in the following table. The non-GAAP efficiency ratio was 47.10% in the first nine months of 2020 compared to 51.36% for the first nine months of 2019. The improvement in the current year’s non-GAAP efficiency ratio compared to the prior year was the result of the 32% rate of growth in non-GAAP revenue which outpaced the 21% growth in the non-GAAP non-interest expense.
 
In addition, the Company uses pre-tax, pre-provision income adjusted for merger and acquisition expense as a measure of the level of recurring income before taxes. Management believes this provides financial statement users with a useful metric of the run-rate of revenues and expenses that is readily comparable to other financial institutions. This measure is calculated by adding the provision for credit losses, merger and acquisition expense and the provision for income taxes back to net income. This metric increased by 38% in the first nine months of 2020 compared to the same period for 2019, due primarily to the acquisition driven increase in net interest income and increases in mortgage banking and wealth management income which offset the increase in non-interest expense.
50

GAAP and Non-GAAP Efficiency Ratios and Measures
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)20202019
Pre-tax pre-provision pre-merger income:  
Net income (GAAP)$40,291 $87,976 
Plus non-GAAP adjustments:  
Merger and acquisition expense25,171 364 
Income tax expense9,244 27,814 
Provision for credit losses90,158 3,029 
Pre-tax pre-provision pre-merger income$164,864 $119,183 
Efficiency ratio - GAAP basis:  
Non-interest expense$194,121 $133,004 
Net interest income plus non-interest income$333,814 $251,823 
Efficiency ratio - GAAP basis58.15 %52.82 %
Efficiency ratio - non-GAAP basis:  
Non-interest expense$194,121 $133,004 
Less non-GAAP adjustments:  
Amortization of intangible assets4,566 1,465 
Loss on FHLB redemption5,928 — 
Merger and acquisition expense25,171 364 
Non-interest expense - as adjusted$158,456 $131,175 
Net interest income plus non-interest income$333,814 $251,823 
Plus non-GAAP adjustment:  
Tax-equivalent income3,076 3,597 
Less non-GAAP adjustment:  
Securities gains432 20 
Net interest income plus non-interest income - as adjusted$336,458 $255,400 
Efficiency ratio - non-GAAP basis47.10 %51.36 %
 
The Company has presented operating earnings, operating earnings per share, operating return on average assets and operating return on average tangible common equity in order to present metrics that are more comparable to prior periods to provide an indication of the core performance of the Company year over year. Operating earnings reflect net income exclusive of the provision for credit losses, merger and acquisition expense and the income and expense associated with the PPP program, in each case net of tax. Adjusted average assets represents average assets to exclude average PPP loans outstanding. Average tangible assets represents average assets excluding average goodwill and average net intangible assets. Average tangible common equity represents average stockholders’ equity adjusted for average accumulated other comprehensive income/ (loss), average goodwill, and average intangible assets, net.

51

GAAP and Non-GAAP Performance Ratios
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)20202019
Operating earnings (non-GAAP):
Net income (GAAP)$40,291 $87,976 
Plus non-GAAP adjustments:  
Provision for credit losses - net of tax67,132 2,255 
Merger and acquisition expense - net of tax18,742 271 
PPPLF funding expense - net of tax707 — 
Less non-GAAP adjustment:
PPP interest income and deferred fees - net of tax9,709 — 
Operating earnings (non-GAAP)$117,163 $90,502 
Operating earnings per common share (non-GAAP):
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted (GAAP)43,070,672 35,642,556 
Earnings per diluted common share (GAAP)$0.93 $2.45 
Operating earnings per diluted common share (non-GAAP)$2.72 $2.54 
Operating return on average assets (non-GAAP):
Average assets (GAAP)$11,483,477 $8,307,929 
Average PPP loans592,500 — 
Adjusted average assets (non-GAAP)$10,890,977 $8,307,929 
Return on average assets (GAAP)0.47 %1.42 %
Operating return on adjusted average assets (non-GAAP)1.44 %1.46 %
Operating return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP):
Average assets (GAAP)$11,483,477 $8,307,929 
Average goodwill(363,906)(347,149)
Average other intangible assets, net(26,572)(9,118)
Average tangible assets (non-GAAP)$11,092,999 $7,951,662 
Average total stockholders' equity (GAAP)$1,307,791 $1,098,700 
Average accumulated other comprehensive (income)/ loss(9,623)8,438 
Average goodwill(363,906)(347,149)
Average other intangible assets, net(26,572)(9,118)
Average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$907,690 $750,871 
Return on average tangible common equity (GAAP)5.93 %15.66 %
Operating return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)17.24 %16.11 %

Results of Operations
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

For the third quarter of 2020 the Company realized net income of $44.6 million ($0.94 per diluted common share) compared to net income of $29.4 million ($0.82 per diluted common share) for the third quarter of 2019 and a net loss of $14.3 million ($0.31 per diluted common share) for the previous quarter.

The current year's quarterly results compared to the prior year quarter includes the impact of the April 1, 2020 acquisition of Revere. On a linked quarter basis, the current quarter’s results included $1.3 million for merger and acquisition expense related to the second quarter acquisition of Revere as compared to $22.5 million for the linked quarter. The provision for credit losses for the current quarter was $7.0 million as compared to $58.7 million for the second quarter of 2020. The decrease in the provision for credit losses compared to the prior quarter is a result of the stability of the economic forecast compared to the prior quarter and performance of the loan portfolio.
52


For the current quarter, operating earnings on an after-tax basis, which excludes the impact of merger and acquisition expense, the provision for credit losses and the effects from the PPP program, were $45.8 million ($0.97 per diluted common share), compared to $30.8 million ($0.86 per diluted common share) for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 and $42.0 million ($0.88 per diluted common share) for the quarter ended June 30, 2020.
 
Net Interest Income
Net interest income for the third quarter of 2020 increased 46% to $97.5 million compared to $66.8 million for the third quarter of 2019. On a tax-equivalent basis, net interest income for the third quarter of 2020 was $98.1 million compared to $67.9 million for the third quarter of 2019. The increase in net interest income was primarily the result of the Revere acquisition and, to a lesser degree, the $1.9 million benefit from the net amortization of fair value marks. Additionally, the PPP program generated pre-tax interest income, net of its associated funding cost, of $6.6 million during the current quarter. Overall, year-to-date, interest income increased 30% while interest expense decreased 24%.
 
The net interest margin for the current quarter was 3.24%, compared to the net interest margin for the third quarter of 2019 of 3.51%. Compared to the prior year’s quarter, the yield on $12.0 billion of average interest-earning assets declined to 3.75% compared to 4.56% on average interest-earning assets of $7.7 billion for the prior year quarter. Excluding the impact of the amortization of the fair value marks derived from acquisitions, the net interest margin would have been 3.18%.
 
Average interest-earning assets increased by 57% and average interest-bearing liabilities increased by 53% in the third quarter of 2020 compared to the third quarter of 2019. Average noninterest-bearing deposits increased 72% in the third quarter of 2020 as compared to the same quarter of the prior year. The percentage of average noninterest-bearing deposits to total average deposits increased to 33% in the current quarter compared to 30% in the third quarter of 2019. The primary cause of these increases was the acquisition of Revere during the second quarter of 2020 and, to a lesser extent, the PPP program and its impact on commercial loans and noninterest-bearing deposits. At September 30, 2020 and 2019, average total loans comprised 85% of average interest-earning assets with an average yield of 4.14% and 4.84%, respectively. The average yield on investment securities decreased to 1.72% for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, from 3.06% at September 30, 2019. The decline in the overall average yield on earnings assets from 4.56% at September 30, 2019 to 3.75% at September 30, 2020 was driven by downward movement of market interest rates. The impact of the decline in the yield on average interest-earning assets was partially mitigated by the 78 basis point decline in the average rate paid on average interest-bearing liabilities, as the rate paid decreased from 1.55% for the third quarter of 2019 to 0.77% for the third quarter of 2020. During this period, the 87 basis point decline in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits was primarily the result of the reduction in rates paid on money market savings and time deposits. While the general market rate decline affected deposit rates, the average rate paid on time deposits declined further as a result of amortization of the fair value mark associated with the Revere acquisition. Excluding the amortization of all the fair value marks, the average rate paid on total average interest-bearing liabilities was 0.89%.

53

Consolidated Average Balances, Yields and Rates
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
(Dollars in thousands and tax-equivalent)Average
Balances		(1)
Interest		Annualized
Average
Yield/Rate		Average
Balances		(1)
Interest		Annualized
Average
Yield/Rate
Assets:      
Commercial investor real estate loans$3,582,751 $39,547 4.39 %$1,982,979 $24,342 4.87 %
Commercial owner-occupied real estate loans1,628,474 19,215 4.69 1,258,000 15,749 4.97 
Commercial AD&C loans977,607 10,647 4.33 651,905 9,705 5.91 
Commercial business loans2,207,388 20,015 3.61 786,150 10,350 5.22 
Total commercial loans8,396,220 89,424 4.24 4,679,034 60,146 5.10 
Residential mortgage loans1,189,452 10,899 3.67 1,215,132 11,649 3.83 
Residential construction loans173,280 1,733 3.98 162,196 1,746 4.27 
Consumer loans543,242 5,053 3.70 486,865 6,132 5.00 
Total residential and consumer loans1,905,974 17,685 3.70 1,864,193 19,527 4.18 
Total loans (2)10,302,194 107,109 4.14 6,543,227 79,673 4.84 
Loans held for sale54,784 398 2.91 61,870 572 3.70 
Taxable securities1,148,573 4,190 1.46 744,461 5,504 2.95 
Tax-exempt securities (3)255,665 1,846 2.89 196,587 1,695 3.45 
Total investment securities (4)1,404,238 6,036 1.72 941,048 7,199 3.06 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks287,817 84 0.12 143,865 783 2.16 
Federal funds sold430 — 0.10 619 2 1.42 
Total interest-earning assets12,049,463 113,627 3.75 7,690,629 88,229 4.56 
Less: allowance for credit losses(162,488)  (54,147)  
Cash and due from banks128,193   64,154   
Premises and equipment, net59,182   60,537   
Other assets761,543   609,616   
Total assets$12,835,893   $8,370,789   
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:      
Interest-bearing demand deposits$1,144,328 365 0.13 %$749,720 545 0.29 %
Regular savings deposits391,291 66 0.07 326,913 110 0.13 
Money market savings deposits3,022,710 2,508 0.33 1,781,173 6,721 1.50 
Time deposits2,022,703 6,500 1.28 1,638,072 8,956 2.17 
Total interest-bearing deposits6,581,032 9,439 0.57 4,495,878 16,332 1.44 
Other borrowings709,217 551 0.31 146,939 257 0.69 
Advances from FHLB448,929 2,841 2.52 522,719 3,222 2.45 
Subordinated debentures230,309 2,669 4.64 37,340 481 5.15 
Total borrowings1,388,455 6,061 1.74 706,998 3,960 2.22 
Total interest-bearing liabilities7,969,487 15,500 0.77 5,202,876 20,292 1.55 
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits3,281,607   1,909,884   
Other liabilities183,053   134,844   
Stockholders' equity1,401,746   1,123,185   
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$12,835,893   $8,370,789  
Net interest income and spread 98,127 2.98 % 67,937 3.01 %
Less: tax-equivalent adjustment 643   1,147  
Net interest income $97,484   $66,790  
Interest income/earning assets  3.75 %  4.56 %
Interest expense/earning assets  0.51 %  1.05 
Net interest margin  3.24 %  3.51 %
(1)Tax-equivalent income has been adjusted using the combined marginal federal and state rate of 25.54% and 26.13% for 2020 and 2019, respectively. The annualized taxable-equivalent adjustments utilized in the above table to compute yields aggregated to $0.6 million and $1.1 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(2)Non-accrual loans are included in the average balances.
(3)Includes investments that are exempt from federal taxes.
(4)Investments available-for-sale are presented at amortized cost.

54

Interest Income
The Company's total tax-equivalent interest income increased 29% for the third quarter of 2020 compared to the prior year quarter. The previous table reflects the growth in average interest-earning assets over the prior year quarter as average total loans grew 57% and average investment securities grew 49%. Increases occurred in most categories of interest-earning assets from the Revere acquisition and, to a lesser extent, the PPP program. Mortgage loans decreased as a result of rate-driven refinance and new loan origination activity coupled with the continued sale of the majority of new mortgage loan production. The significant growth in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits with banks was the result of the loan funding under the PPP program being placed into customer deposit accounts at the Bank.
 
The average yield on interest-earning assets declined to 3.75% for the current quarter compared to 4.56% for the same period of the prior year. The average yields on loans and investment securities for the current quarter decreased by 70 and 134 basis points, respectively, compared to the prior year quarter as market rates declined during the period. The PPP program and amortization of the fair value premiums negatively impacted the current quarter’s yield on average loans by eleven and two basis points, respectively. The decrease in the yield on investments was driven by the decline in yields during the year and as proceeds from maturities and calls were reinvested in securities at the lower available rates. The combined decrease in the yield on loans and the investment portfolio resulted in the 81 basis point decline in the yield on interest-earning assets from period to period. Excluding the PPP program and the amortization of fair value marks, the yield on interest-earning assets would have been 3.88%.
 
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased 24% in the third quarter of 2020 compared to the third quarter of 2019. The decrease from period to period was attributable to two factors: the decline in general market rates that occurred over the previous twelve months and the impact of the amortization of the acquisition fair value marks. The main driver in the 87 basis point decline in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits in the current quarter versus in the prior year quarter were the notable decreases in the rates paid on money market savings and time deposits. Contributing to the decline in the average rate paid on deposits was the $2.4 million in amortization of fair value marks on time deposits for the current quarter. Excluding the amortization of the fair value marks, the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits would have been 0.71%.
 
The combined impact of the general decline in market rates and amortization of fair value marks resulted in the 0.77% average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities for the current quarter compared to 1.55% for the same period of the prior year. The average rate paid also benefited from the low funding cost of the PPP program and from the growth in noninterest-bearing deposits that grew to 33% of deposits in the current quarter compared to 30% in the prior year’s third quarter. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities for the current quarter, after excluding the fair value amortization, would have been 0.89%.
 
Non-interest Income
Non-interest income amounts and trends are presented in the following table for the periods indicated:
 
 Three Months Ended September 30,2020/20192020/2019
(Dollars in thousands)20202019$ Change% Change
Securities gains$51 $15 $36 240.0 %
Service charges on deposit accounts1,673 2,516 (843)(33.5)
Mortgage banking activities14,108 4,408 9,700 220.1 
Wealth management income7,785 5,493 2,292 41.7 
Insurance agency commissions2,122 2,116 6 0.3 
Income from bank owned life insurance708 662 46 6.9 
Bank card fees1,525 1,462 63 4.3 
Other income1,418 1,901 (483)(25.4)
Total non-interest income$29,390 $18,573 $10,817 58.2 
 
Total non-interest income increased 58% to $29.4 million for the third quarter of 2020 compared to $18.6 million for the third quarter of 2019. This $10.8 million increase was driven predominantly by the $9.7 million increase in income from mortgage banking activities and the $2.3 million increase in wealth management income. These increases more than offset the combined $1.3 million decline in service fees and other non-interest income during the period. Further detail by type of non-interest income follows:
•Service charges on deposit accounts decreased 34% in the third quarter of 2020, compared to the third quarter of 2019, as the Company, in an effort to lessen the financial burden of the pandemic on clients, elected to temporarily waive fees associated with deposit account activities.
55

•Income from mortgage banking activities increased by $9.7 million or 220% in the third quarter of 2020 as compared to the third quarter of 2019. The increased income from mortgage banking activities was attributable to increased refinancing activity. The Company sells the majority of its mortgage loan production for gains versus retaining them in the loan portfolio.
•Wealth management income increased 42% for the third quarter of 2020, as compared to the third quarter of 2019. This increase reflects the impact of the acquisition of RPJ, which was acquired in the first quarter of 2020. Overall total assets under management increased to $4.7 billion at September 30, 2020 compared to $3.2 billion at September 30, 2019.
•Income from bank owned life insurance increased by 7% in the third quarter of 2020, compared to the third quarter of 2019, as a result of the additional policies from the Revere acquisition.
•Bank card income increased 4% in the third quarter of 2020, compared to the third quarter of 2019, due to a rise in consumer transaction volume.
•Other non-interest income decreased 25% in the third quarter of 2020, compared to the third quarter of 2019, primarily as a result of decreased fee income related to credit products.
 
Non-interest Expense
Non-interest expense amounts and trends are presented in the following table for the periods indicated:
 
 Three Months Ended September 30,2020/20192020/2019
(Dollars in thousands)20202019$ Change% Change
Salaries and employee benefits$36,041 $26,234 $9,807 37.4 %
Occupancy expense of premises5,575 4,816 759 15.8 
Equipment expense3,133 2,641 492 18.6 
Marketing1,305 1,541 (236)(15.3)
Outside data services2,614 1,973 641 32.5 
FDIC insurance1,340 (83)1,423 n/m
Amortization of intangible assets1,968 491 1,477 300.8 
Merger and acquisition expense1,263 364 899 247.0 
Professional fees and services1,800 1,546 254 16.4 
Other expenses5,898 5,402 496 9.2 
Total non-interest expense$60,937 $44,925 $16,012 35.6 
 
Non-interest expense grew 36% to $60.9 million in the third quarter of 2020 compared to $44.9 million in the third quarter of 2019. The year-over-year growth was driven by increased operational and compensation costs, in addition to FDIC insurance and the amortization of intangible assets. Further detail by category of non-interest expense follows:
 
•Salaries and employee benefits, the largest component of non-interest expenses, increased 37% in the third quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of the prior year as a result of staffing increases due to the 2020 acquisitions. The remainder of the increase was due to incentives earned from mortgage loan production and annual merit increases. The average number of full-time equivalent employees rose to 1,145 in the third quarter of 2020 compared to 917 in the third quarter of 2019.
•Occupancy and equipment expenses for the quarter increased 17% compared to the prior year quarter as a result of the cost associated with the additional branches and business offices.
•Marketing expense decreased 15% as a result of decreased advertising initiatives.
•FDIC insurance expense increased by $1.4 million as a combined result of the asset growth from the Revere acquisition coupled with the impact of the assessment credit received in the prior year quarter.
•Outside data service expense grew 32% driven by the contractual data services with volume-based components.
•Professional fees and services increased 16% from the prior year quarter due to increased costs associated with credit management.
•Amortization of intangible assets increased primarily as a result of the amortization expense from the core deposit intangible asset recognized in the Revere transaction, and to a lesser degree, the amortization of intangibles acquired from the RPJ acquisition.
 
Income Taxes
The Company had income tax expense of $14.3 million in the third quarter of 2020, compared to income tax expense of $9.5 million in the third quarter of 2019. The resulting effective tax rate was 24.3% for the third quarter of 2020 compared to an effective tax rate of 24.5% for the third quarter of 2019.
56

 
Operating Expense Performance
Management views the GAAP efficiency ratio as an important financial measure of expense performance and cost management. The ratio expresses the level of non-interest expense as a percentage of total revenue (net interest income plus total non-interest income). Lower ratios may indicate improved productivity as the growth rate in revenue streams exceeds the growth in operating expenses.
 
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The GAAP efficiency ratio in the third quarter of 2020 was 48.03% compared to 52.63% for the third quarter of 2019, as revenue growth outpaced the growth in non-interest expense during the period. The GAAP and non-GAAP efficiency ratios are reconciled and provided in the following table. The non-GAAP efficiency ratio was 45.27% in the third quarter of 2020 compared to 50.95% in the third quarter of 2019. The improvement in the current year’s non-GAAP efficiency ratio compared to the prior year, was the result of the 47% rate of growth in non-GAAP revenue which outpaced the 31% growth in the non-GAAP non-interest expense.
 
Pre-tax, pre-provision income, excluding merger and acquisition expense, increased for the third quarter of 2020 compared to the third quarter of 2019, driven by the positive net impact that the 2020 acquisitions had on net revenues.

GAAP and Non-GAAP Efficiency Ratios and Measures
 Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)20202019
Pre-tax pre-provision pre-merger income:  
Net income (GAAP)$44,642 $29,383 
Plus non-GAAP adjustments:  
Merger and acquisition expense1,263 364 
Income tax expense14,292 9,531 
Provision for credit losses7,003 1,524 
Pre-tax pre-provision pre-merger income$67,200 $40,802 
Efficiency ratio - GAAP basis:  
Non-interest expense$60,937 $44,925 
Net interest income plus non-interest income$126,874 $85,363 
Efficiency ratio - GAAP basis48.03 %52.63 %
Efficiency ratio - non-GAAP basis:  
Non-interest expense$60,937 $44,925 
Less non-GAAP adjustments:  
Amortization of intangible assets1,968 491 
Merger and acquisition expense1,263 364 
Non-interest expense - as adjusted$57,706 $44,070 
Net interest income plus non-interest income$126,874 $85,363 
Plus non-GAAP adjustment:  
Tax-equivalent income643 1,147 
Less non-GAAP adjustment:  
Securities gains51 15 
Net interest income plus non-interest income - as adjusted$127,466 $86,495 
Efficiency ratio - non-GAAP basis45.27 %50.95 %
 
57

GAAP and Non-GAAP Performance Ratios
 Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)20202019
Operating earnings (non-GAAP):
Net income (GAAP)$44,642 $29,383 
Plus non-GAAP adjustments:  
Provision for credit losses - net of tax5,140 1,133 
Merger and acquisition expense - net of tax919 271 
PPPLF funding expense - net of tax339 — 
Less non-GAAP adjustment:
PPP interest income and deferred fees - net of tax5,226 — 
Operating earnings (non-GAAP)$45,814 $30,787 
Operating earnings per common share (non-GAAP):
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted (GAAP)47,175,071 35,671,721 
Earnings per diluted common share (GAAP)$0.94 $0.82 
Operating earnings per diluted common share (non-GAAP)$0.97 $0.86 
Operating return on average assets (non-GAAP):
Average assets (GAAP)$12,835,893 $8,370,789 
Average PPP loans1,058,792 — 
Adjusted average assets (non-GAAP)$11,777,101 $8,370,789 
Return on average assets (GAAP)1.38 %1.39 %
Operating return on adjusted average assets (non-GAAP)1.55 %1.46 %
Operating return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP):
Average assets (GAAP)$12,835,893 $8,370,789 
Average goodwill(370,548)(347,149)
Average other intangible assets, net(35,470)(8,629)
Average tangible assets (non-GAAP)$12,429,875 $8,015,011 
Average total stockholders' equity (GAAP)$1,401,746 $1,123,185 
Average accumulated other comprehensive (income)/ loss(17,726)2,837 
Average goodwill(370,548)(347,149)
Average other intangible assets, net(35,470)(8,629)
Average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$978,002 $770,244 
Return on average tangible common equity (GAAP)18.16 %15.13 %
Operating return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)18.64 %15.86 %
58

FINANCIAL CONDITION
The Company’s total assets grew to $12.7 billion or by 47% at September 30, 2020, as compared to $8.6 billion at December 31, 2019, primarily as a result of the acquisition of Revere. The Company’s participation in the PPP program contributed $1.1 billion to the overall $4.1 billion asset growth from the previous year end. Exclusive of the PPP program, total asset growth was 35%. During this period, total loans grew by 54% to $10.3 billion at September 30, 2020, compared to $6.7 billion at December 31, 2019. The Revere acquisition resulted in $2.5 billion of the total loan growth during the period. Deposit growth, primarily from the Revere acquisition, was 55% from December 31, 2019 to September 30, 2020, as noninterest-bearing deposits experienced growth of 83% and interest-bearing deposits grew 43%. Deposit growth was also positively affected by the influx of funds from the PPP program, as loan funds were placed in existing deposit accounts at the Bank. The growth in deposits resulted in the loan to deposit ratio declining to 103.7% at September 30, 2020 from 104.1% at December 31, 2019.
 
Loans
Excluding PPP loans, total loans grew 38% to $9.3 billion at September 30, 2020. The majority of the growth, exclusive of the PPP program, was driven by the acquisition of Revere. Commercial loans, excluding PPP loans, grew 50% or $2.5 billion. Period-to-period changes in the individual commercial loan portfolios occurred as a result of loan system integration and classification to align the acquired portfolio classifications with the Company's. The remainder of the loan portfolio grew 6% as the residential real estate portfolio grew 4% and the consumer loan portfolio grew 12%.
 
Analysis of Loans
A comparison of the loan portfolio at the dates indicated is presented in the following table:

 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019Period-to-Period Change
(Dollars in thousands)Amount%Amount%Amount%
Commercial real estate:      
Commercial owner-occupied real estate$3,588,702 34.7 %$2,169,156 32.4 %$1,419,546 65.4 %
Commercial investor real estate1,652,208 16.0 1,288,677 19.2 363,531 28.2 
Commercial AD&C994,800 9.6 684,010 10.2 310,790 45.4 
Commercial business2,227,246 21.6 801,019 11.9 1,426,227 178.1 
Total commercial loans8,462,956 81.9 4,942,862 73.7 3,520,094 71.2 
Residential real estate:
Residential mortgage1,173,857 11.3 1,149,327 17.1 24,530 2.1 
Residential construction175,123 1.7 146,279 2.2 28,844 19.7 
Consumer521,999 5.1 466,764 7.0 55,235 11.8 
Total residential and consumer loans1,870,979 18.1 1,762,370 26.3 108,609 6.2 
Total loans$10,333,935 100.0 %$6,705,232 100.0 %$3,628,703 54.1 
59

From March through September 30, 2020, the Company granted payment modifications or deferrals under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) on over 2,500 loans with an aggregate balance of approximately $2.0 billion. As reflected in the table below, approximately $562 million of loans were deferring payments as of September 30, 2020. Approximately $465 million of the loans deferring payments at September 30, 2020 have been granted a second payment accommodation. The following table provides the distribution, by portfolio segment, of loans deferring payments compared to other outstanding loans as of September 30, 2020:

 
 September 30, 2020
 Loans Deferring PaymentsOther Outstanding LoansTotal Loans
Balance		% of Total
Loans with
a Deferral
(Dollars in thousands)Balance%Balance%
Commercial real estate:      
Commercial investor real estate$375,380 66.8 %$3,213,322 32.9%$3,588,702 10.5 %
Commercial owner-occupied real estate69,828 12.4 1,582,380 16.21,652,208 4.2 
Commercial AD&C19,260 3.4 975,540 9.9994,800 1.9 
Commercial business42,583 7.6 2,184,663 22.42,227,246 1.9 
Total commercials loans507,051 90.2 7,955,905 81.48,462,956 6.0 
Residential real estate:
Residential mortgage44,805 8.0 1,129,052 11.51,173,857 3.8 
Residential construction3,461 0.6 171,662 1.8175,123 2.0 
Consumer7,039 1.2 514,960 5.3521,999 1.3 
Total residential and consumer loans55,305 9.8 1,815,674 18.61,870,979 3.0 
Total loans$562,356 100.0%$9,771,579 100.0%$10,333,935 5.4 

 
The Company originated $1.1 billion of PPP loans, of which $47.2 million had been repaid as of September 30, 2020. The following table discloses the remaining balances of loans deferring payments and PPP loans issued under the CARES Act on the commercial loan portfolio by selected industry segment as of September 30, 2020: 

 September 30, 2020
(In thousands)Loans Deferring PaymentsPPP LoansOther
Outstanding Loans		Total Loans
CRE Investment - Retail$105,933 $759 $977,858 $1,084,550 
CRE Investment - Office18,690 318 684,718 703,726 
CRE Investment - Multifamily42,592 3,998 430,513 477,103 
Hotels180,913 8,477 216,465 405,855 
Restaurants14,145 73,546 140,788 228,479 
All other industries144,778 1,001,050 4,417,415 5,563,243 
Total Commercial Loans$507,051 $1,088,148 $6,867,757 $8,462,956 
 
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Analysis of Investment Securities
The composition of investment securities at the periods indicated is presented in the following table:

 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019Period-to-Period Change
(Dollars in thousands)Amount%Amount%Amount%
Investments available-for-sale:      
U.S. treasuries and government agencies$139,405 9.8 %$258,495 23.0 %$(119,090)(46.1)%
State and municipal352,987 24.7 233,649 20.8 119,338 51.1 %
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed852,314 59.8 570,759 50.7 281,555 49.3 %
Corporate debt12,499 0.9 9,552 0.8 2,947 30.9 %
Trust preferred— — 310 — (310)(100.0)%
Marketable equity securities— — 568 0.1 (568)(100.0)%
Total available-for-sale securities1,357,205 95.2 1,073,333 95.4 283,872 26.4 %
Other equity securities:     
Other equity securities68,528 4.8 51,803 4.6 16,725 32.3 %
Total other equity securities68,528 4.8 51,803 4.6 16,725 32.3 %
Total securities$1,425,733 100.0 %$1,125,136 100.0 %$300,597 26.7 %
 
The investment portfolio consists primarily of U.S. Treasuries, U.S. Agency securities, U.S. Agency mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Agency collateralized mortgage obligations, asset-backed securities and state and municipal securities. The portfolio is monitored on a continuing basis with consideration given to interest rate trends and the structure of the yield curve and with a frequent assessment of economic projections and analysis. At September 30, 2020, 98% of the investment portfolio was invested in Aaa/AAA or Aa/AA-rated securities. The composition and size of the portfolio at September 30, 2020 shifted from U.S. Treasuries and U.S. government Agencies to mortgage-backed and municipal securities compared to the prior year-end to take advantage of investment spreads that occurred late in the first quarter of 2020 as a result of the interest rate dislocation in the markets. The duration of the portfolio is monitored to ensure the adequacy and ability to meet liquidity demands. At September 30, 2020 the duration of the portfolio was 4.0 years compared to 3.5 years at December 31, 2019. The increase in the duration is the result of the decline in the interest rate environment as portions of the portfolio repriced at lower rates due to maturities. The portfolio possesses low credit risk that could provide the liquidity necessary to meet loan and operational demands.
 
Other Earning Assets
Residential mortgage loans held for sale increased to $88.7 million at September 30, 2020, compared to $53.7 million at December 31, 2019, as a result of the increased volume of loan originations during the period and the timing of sales of those mortgages. The Company continues to sell the majority of its mortgage loan production. The aggregate of interest-bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold increased by $53.9 million at September 30, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019. The Company continues to maintain a higher liquidity position in light of the economic uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
 
61

Deposits
The composition of deposits at the periods indicated is presented in the following table:
 
 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019Period-to-Period Change
(Dollars in thousands)Amount%Amount%Amount%
Noninterest-bearing deposits$3,458,804 34.7 %$1,892,052 29.4 %$1,566,752 82.8 %
Interest-bearing deposits:    
Demand1,137,000 11.4 836,433 13.0 300,567 35.9 
Money market savings3,104,600 31.1 1,839,593 28.5 1,265,007 68.8 
Regular savings396,280 4.0 329,919 5.1 66,361 20.1 
Time deposits of less than $100,000545,903 5.5 463,431 7.2 82,472 17.8 
Time deposits of $100,000 or more1,322,382 13.3 1,078,891 16.8 243,491 22.6 
Total interest-bearing deposits6,506,165 65.3 4,548,267 70.6 1,957,898 43.0 
Total deposits$9,964,969 100.0 %$6,440,319 100.0 %$3,524,650 54.7 
 
Deposits and Borrowings
Total deposits increased by 55% to $10.0 billion at September 30, 2020 from $6.4 billion at December 31, 2019. This acquisition driven increase resulted in noninterest-bearing deposits increasing 83% and interest-bearing deposits increasing 43%. A portion of the deposit growth is the result of the funds from the PPP program as loan funds were placed in deposit accounts at the Bank until utilized by the respective borrowers. At September 30, 2020, interest-bearing deposits represented 65% of deposits with the remaining 35% in noninterest-bearing balances, compared to 71% and 29%, respectively, at December 31, 2019. The mix of interest-bearing deposits remained relatively stable at September 30, 2020 compared December 31, 2019. Total borrowings increased 21% at September 30, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019, as a direct result of the funds borrowed under the PPPLF to fund the underlying PPP loans, in addition to $31.0 million of Revere’s subordinated debt as part of the acquisition.

Capital Management
Management monitors historical and projected earnings, dividends, and asset growth, as well as risks associated with the various types of on and off-balance sheet assets and liabilities, in order to determine appropriate capital levels. Total stockholders' equity was $1.4 billion at September 30, 2020 compared to $1.1 billion December 31, 2019. This increase in equity occurred due to the acquisition of Revere which resulted in the issuance of 12.8 million shares of common stock valued at $289 million. Prior to the acquisition of Revere, the Company repurchased $25.7 million of common stock during the first quarter of 2020. The ratio of average equity to average assets was 11.39% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to 13.22% for the first nine months of 2019.

Risk-Based Capital Ratios
Bank holding companies and banks are required to maintain capital ratios in accordance with guidelines adopted by the federal bank regulators. These guidelines are commonly known as risk-based capital guidelines. The actual regulatory ratios and required ratios for capital adequacy are summarized for the Company in the following table.
 Ratios atMinimum
Regulatory
Requirements
 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Total capital to risk-weighted assets14.02%14.85%8.00%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets10.45%11.21%6.00%
Common equity tier 1 capital10.45%11.06%4.50%
Tier 1 leverage8.65%9.70%4.00%
 
As of September 30, 2020, the most recent notification from the Bank’s primary regulator categorized the Bank as a "well-capitalized" institution under the prompt corrective action rules of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. Designation as a well-capitalized institution under these regulations is not a recommendation or endorsement of the Company or the Bank by federal bank regulators.
 
62

The minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Company and the Bank are: (1) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%; (2) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6%; (3) a total capital ratio of 8%; and (4) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. The rules also establish a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above the regulatory minimum capital requirements, which must consist entirely of common equity Tier 1 capital. An institution would be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses to executive officers if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions.
 
The main drivers of the decline in the ratios at September 30, 2020 from December 31, 2019 was the impact that the Revere transaction had on total risk-based assets, as well as the previously mentioned stock repurchase program. During the year, the Company elected to apply the provisions of the CECL deferral transition in the determination of its risk based capital ratios. At September 30, 2020, the impact of the application of this deferral transition provided an additional $23.5 million in Tier 1 capital and resulted in raising the common equity tier 1 ratio by 24 basis points.
 
Tangible Common Equity
Tangible common equity, tangible assets and tangible book value per share are non-GAAP financial measures calculated using GAAP amounts. Tangible common equity excludes the balances of goodwill, other intangible assets and accumulated other comprehensive income/ (loss) from total stockholders’ equity. Tangible assets excludes the balances of goodwill and other intangible assets. Management believes that this non-GAAP financial measure provides information to investors that may be useful in understanding our financial condition. Because not all companies use the same calculation of tangible common equity and tangible assets, this presentation may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures calculated by other companies.
 
Tangible common equity totaled $1.0 billion at September 30, 2020, compared to $782.3 million at December 31, 2019. At September 30, 2020, the ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets has decreased to 8.17% compared to 9.46% at December 31, 2019. The decrease in the tangible common equity ratio was caused primarily by the growth of total assets due to the acquisition of Revere as tangible assets grew at 48% versus the 28% in tangible common equity. Secondary causes of the decline in the ratio were the repurchase of $25.7 million in common stock in the current year and the addition of $49.7 million in goodwill and net intangibles from the Revere and RPJ acquisitions during 2020. Excluding the PPP loans from tangible assets, the ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets was 8.94%.

A reconciliation of total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets along with tangible book value per share, book value per share and related non-GAAP tangible common equity ratio are provided in the following table:
 
Tangible Common Equity Ratio – Non-GAAP
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Tangible common equity ratio:  
Total stockholders' equity$1,424,749 $1,132,974 
Accumulated other comprehensive (income)/ loss(17,493)4,332 
Goodwill(370,549)(347,149)
Other intangible assets, net(34,175)(7,841)
Tangible common equity$1,002,532 $782,316 
Total assets$12,678,131 $8,629,002 
Goodwill(370,549)(347,149)
Other intangible assets, net(34,175)(7,841)
Tangible assets$12,273,407 $8,274,012 
Tangible common equity ratio8.17 %9.46 %
Outstanding common shares47,025,779 34,970,370 
Tangible book value per common share$21.32 $22.37 
Book value per common share$30.30 $32.40 
 
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Credit Risk
The fundamental lending business of the Company is based on understanding, measuring and controlling the credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company’s loan portfolio is subject to varying degrees of credit risk. Credit risk entails both general risks, which are inherent in the process of lending, and risk specific to individual borrowers. The Company’s credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry or collateral type. Typically, each consumer and residential lending product has a generally predictable level of credit losses based on historical loss experience. Residential mortgage and home equity loans and lines generally have the lowest credit loss experience. Loans secured by personal property, such as auto loans, generally experience medium credit losses. Unsecured loan products, such as personal revolving credit, have the highest credit loss experience and, for that reason, the Company has chosen not to engage in a significant amount of this type of lending. Credit risk in commercial lending can vary significantly, as losses as a percentage of outstanding loans can shift widely during economic cycles and are particularly sensitive to changing economic conditions. Generally, improving economic conditions result in improved operating results on the part of commercial customers, enhancing their ability to meet their particular debt service requirements. Improvements, if any, in operating cash flows can be offset by the impact of rising interest rates that may occur during improved economic times. Inconsistent economic conditions may have an adverse effect on the operating results of commercial customers, reducing their ability to meet debt service obligations.
 
Loans acquired as a part of an acquisition transaction with evidence of more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since their origination as of the date of the acquisition are considered “purchased credit deteriorated” or “PCD” loans and are recorded at their initial fair values. The identification of loans that have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since their origination requires judgment and an assessment of a number of factors. For further discussion regarding the acquired loans, including PCD loans, refer to that section of Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
To control and manage credit risk, management has a credit process in place to reasonably ensure that credit standards are maintained along with an in-house loan administration, accompanied by oversight and review procedures. The primary purpose of loan underwriting is the evaluation of specific lending risks and involves the analysis of the borrower’s ability to service the debt as well as the assessment of the value of the underlying collateral. Oversight and review procedures include monitoring the credit quality of the portfolio, providing early identification of potential problem credits and proactive management of problem credits.

The Company recognizes a lending relationship as non-performing when either the loan becomes 90 days delinquent or as a result of factors, such as bankruptcy, interruption of cash flows, etc., considered at the monthly credit committee meeting. Classification as a non-accrual loan is based on a determination that the Company may not collect all principal and/or interest payments according to contractual terms. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status all accrued but unpaid interest is reversed from interest income. Typically, all payments received on non-accrual loans are first applied to the remaining principal balance of the loans. Any additional recoveries are credited to the allowance up to the amount of all previous charge-offs.
 
The level of non-performing loans to total loans was 0.72% at September 30, 2020, compared to 0.62% at December 31, 2019. At September 30, 2020, non-performing loans totaled $74.7 million, compared to $41.3 million at December 31, 2019. Non-performing loans include accruing loans 90 days or more past due and restructured loans. The growth in non-performing loans from December 31, 2019 was driven by three major components: loans placed in non-accrual status, acquired Revere non-accrual loans, and loans previously accounted for as purchased credit impaired loans that have been designated as non-accrual loans as a result of the Company’s adoption of the accounting standard for expected credit losses at the beginning of the year. Loans placed on non-accrual during the first nine months of 2020 amounted to $30.6 million compared to $15.6 million for the same period of the prior year. Acquired Revere non-accrual loans were $11.3 million.
 
While the diversification of the lending portfolio among different commercial, residential and consumer product lines along with different market conditions of the D.C. suburbs, Northern Virginia and Baltimore metropolitan area has mitigated some of the risks in the portfolio, local economic conditions and levels of non-performing loans may continue to be influenced by the conditions being experienced in various business sectors of the economy on both a regional and national level. As noted, risks, uncertainties and various other factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic includes the impact on the economy and the businesses of our borrowers and their ability to remit contractual payments on their obligations to the Company in a timely manner. The current ability to predict the outcome or impact of the remedial actions and stimulus measures adopted by the government on the economic well-being of our borrowers and the manifestations of all these factors including the future performance aspect of the credit portfolio remains uncertain.
 
The Company’s methodology for evaluating whether a loan shall be placed on non-accrual status begins with risk-rating credits on an individual basis and includes consideration of the borrower’s overall financial condition, payment record and available cash resources that may include the sufficiency of collateral value and, in a select few cases, verifiable support from financial
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guarantors. In measuring a specific allowance, the Company looks primarily to the value of the collateral (adjusted for estimated costs to sell) or projected cash flows generated by the operation of the collateral as the primary sources of repayment of the loan. The Company may consider the existence of guarantees and the financial strength and wherewithal of the guarantors involved in any loan relationship. Guarantees may be considered as a source of repayment based on the guarantor’s financial condition and payment capacity. Accordingly, absent a verifiable payment capacity, a guarantee alone would not be sufficient to avoid classifying the loan as non-accrual.
 
Management has established a credit process that dictates that structured procedures be performed to monitor these loans between the receipt of an original appraisal and the updated appraisal. These procedures include the following:
•An internal evaluation is updated periodically to include borrower financial statements and/or cash flow projections.
•The borrower may be contacted for a meeting to discuss an updated or revised action plan which may include a request for additional collateral.
•Re-verification of the documentation supporting the Company’s position with respect to the collateral securing the loan.
•At the monthly credit committee meeting the loan may be downgraded and a specific allowance may be decided upon in advance of the receipt of the appraisal.
•Upon receipt of the updated appraisal (or based on an updated internal financial evaluation) the loan balance is compared to the appraisal and a specific allowance is decided upon for the particular loan, typically for the amount of the difference between the appraised value (adjusted for estimated costs to sell) and the loan balance.
•Evaluation of whether adverse changes in the value of the collateral are expected over the remainder of the loan’s expected life.
•The Company will individually assess the allowance for credit losses based on the fair value of the collateral for any collateral dependent loans where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty or when the Company determines that the foreclosure is probable. The Company will charge-off the excess of the loan amount over the fair value of the collateral adjusted for the estimated selling costs.
 
Loans considered to be troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) are loans that have their terms restructured (e.g., interest rates, loan maturity date, payment and amortization period, etc.) in circumstances that provide payment relief to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. All restructured collateral-dependent loans are individually assessed for allowance for credit losses and may either be in accruing or non-accruing status. Non-accruing restructured loans may return to accruing status provided doubt has been removed concerning the collectability of principal and interest as evidenced by a sufficient period of payment performance in accordance with the restructured terms. Loans may be removed from the restructured category if the borrower is no longer experiencing financial difficulty, a re-underwriting event took place and the revised loan terms of the subsequent restructuring agreement are considered to be consistent with terms that can be obtained in the credit market for loans with comparable risk.
 
In March 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law and provided financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic. In April 2020, the federal regulatory agencies issued a joint statement that provided further guidance on loan modifications related to COVID-19. The CARES Act provides for extensions of up to 180 days in the delay of loan principal and/or interest payments for customers who are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. These customers must meet certain criteria, such as they were in good standing and not more than 30 days past due prior to the pandemic, as well as other requirements noted in the regulatory agencies’ revised statement. Based on the guidance noted above, the Company does not classify the COVID-19 loan modifications as TDRs, nor are the customers considered past due with regards to their delayed payments. Upon exiting the loan modification deferral program, the measurement of loan delinquency will resume where it left off upon entry into the program.
 
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company developed a set of guidelines to provide relief to qualified commercial and mortgage/consumer loans customers. These guidelines, as permitted by the CARES Act, provide for deferment of certain loan payments of up to 180 days to provide relief to qualified commercial, mortgage and consumer loan customers. Initial deferrals of 90 days were granted to qualified customers with the option to request a second deferral for an additional 90 days. The Company granted initial approvals for payment deferrals on over 2,400 loans with an aggregate balance of $2.0 billion. At September 30, 2020, loans with payment accommodation amounted to $562 million or 5% of the total loan portfolio. Commercial loans comprised $507 million or 90% of the total accommodations at September 30, 2020. At September 30, 2020, the amount of loans granted a second deferral period amounted to $465 million. Applying the stipulated criteria, at September 30, 2020, the Company has approved and funded over 5,400 loans for a total of $1.1 billion in PPP loans to businesses. Loans originated under the program are 100% guaranteed by the Small Business Administration under the provisions of the CARES Act.
 
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The Company may extend the maturity of a performing or current loan that may have some inherent weakness associated with the loan. However, the Company generally follows a policy of not extending maturities on non-performing loans under existing terms. Maturity date extensions only occur under revised terms that clearly place the Company in a position to increase the likelihood of or assure full collection of the loan under the contractual terms and/or terms at the time of the extension that may eliminate or mitigate the inherent weakness in the loan. These terms may incorporate, but are not limited to additional assignment of collateral, significant balance curtailments/liquidations and assignments of additional project cash flows. Guarantees may be a consideration in the extension of loan maturities. As a general matter, the Company does not view the extension of a loan to be a satisfactory approach to resolving non-performing credits. On an exception basis, certain performing loans that have displayed some inherent weakness in the underlying collateral values, an inability to comply with certain loan covenants which are not affecting the performance of the credit or other identified weakness may be extended.
 
The Company typically sells a substantial portion of its fixed-rate residential mortgage originations in the secondary mortgage market. Concurrent with such sales, the Company is required to make customary representations and warranties to the purchasers about the mortgage loans and the manner in which they were originated. The related sale agreements grant the purchasers recourse back to the Company, which could require the Company to repurchase loans or to share in any losses incurred by the purchasers. This recourse exposure typically extends for a period of six to twelve months after the sale of the loan although the time frame for repurchase requests can extend for an indefinite period. Such transactions could be due to a number of causes including borrower fraud or early payment default. The Company has seen a very limited number of repurchase and indemnity demands from purchasers for such events and routinely monitors its exposure in this regard. The Company maintains a liability of $0.6 million for possible losses due to repurchases.

The Company periodically engages in whole loan sale transactions of its residential mortgage loans as a part its interest rate risk management strategy. There were no whole loan sales of mortgage loans from the portfolio during the current year.
 
Mortgage loan servicing rights are accounted for at amortized cost and are monitored for impairment on an ongoing basis. The amortized cost of the Company's mortgage loan servicing rights was $0.7 million at September 30, 2020 compared to $0.8 million at December 31, 2019.
 
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Analysis of Credit Risk
The following table presents information with respect to non-performing assets and 90-day delinquencies for the periods indicated:
 
(Dollars in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Non-accrual loans:  
Commercial real estate:  
Commercial investor real estate$26,784 $8,437 
Commercial owner-occupied real estate6,511 4,148 
Commercial AD&C1,678 829 
Commercial business17,659 8,450 
Residential real estate:
Residential mortgage11,296 12,661 
Residential construction— — 
Consumer7,493 4,107 
Total non-accrual loans71,421 38,632 
Loans 90 days past due:  
Commercial real estate:  
Commercial investor real estate— — 
Commercial owner-occupied real estate— — 
Commercial AD&C— — 
Commercial business93 — 
Residential real estate:
Residential mortgage320 — 
Residential construction— — 
Consumer1 — 
Total 90 days past due loans414 — 
Restructured loans (accruing)2,854 2,636 
Total non-performing loans74,689 41,268 
Other real estate owned, net1,389 1,482 
Total non-performing assets$76,078 $42,750 
Non-performing loans to total loans0.72 %0.62 %
Non-performing assets to total assets0.60 %0.50 %
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans228.03 %136.02 %

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The following table discloses information on the credit quality of originated loans, acquired Revere loans and total loans:
 
 September 30, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)Originated
 Loans		Revere Acquired
 Loans		Total 
Loans
Performing loans:   
Current$7,951,458 $2,270,093 $10,221,551 
30-59 days16,663 13,525 30,188 
60-89 days3,526 3,981 7,507 
Total performing loans 7,971,647 2,287,599 10,259,246 
Non-performing loans:   
Non-accrual loans60,135 11,286 71,421 
Loans greater than 90 days past due321 93 414 
Restructured loans2,854 — 2,854 
Total non-performing loans63,310 11,379 74,689 
 Total loans$8,034,957 $2,298,978 $10,333,935 
Non-performing loans to total loans0.79 %0.49 %0.72 %
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans192.87 %423.64 %228.03 %
 
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of the portion of the Company’s loans’ amortized cost basis not expected to be collected over the loans’ contractual life. As a part of the credit oversight and review process, the Company maintains an allowance for credit losses (the “allowance”). The following allowance section should be read in conjunction with “Allowance for Credit Losses” section in Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company excludes accrued interest from the measurement of the allowance as the Company has a non-accrual policy to reverse any accrued, uncollected interest income when loans are placed on non-accrual status.
 
The adequacy of the allowance is determined through ongoing evaluation of the credit portfolio, and involves consideration of a number of factors. Determination of the allowance is inherently subjective and requires significant estimates, including consideration of current conditions and future economic forecasts, which may be susceptible to significant volatility. The amount of expected losses can vary significantly from the amounts actually observed. Loans deemed uncollectible are charged off against the allowance, while recoveries are credited to the allowance when received. Management adjusts the level of the allowance through the provision for credit losses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income.
 
During the first quarter of 2020, the Company adopted ASC 326 “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” At the adoption date, the allowance for credit losses increased by $5.8 million or 10%. Included in this transition adjustment is the reclassification of $2.8 million to the allowance for credit losses of amounts related to the previously acquired impaired loans. The after-tax transition impact to retained earnings as a result of adopting the new standard was $2.2 million.
 
The provision for credit losses totaled $90.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to a provision of $3.0 million for the same period in the prior year. During the current year, the provision for credit losses was significantly impacted by the negative projected impact of COVID-19 on specific forecasted economic metrics used in the Company’s CECL model. The forecasted economic metrics with the greatest impact in order of magnitude were, the expected future unemployment rate, the expected level of business bankruptcies and to a lesser degree, the house price index. These expectations were based on the assessment of the impact on the Company’s market area caused by the economic disruption. The portion of the $90.2 million provision directly attributable to the significant deterioration in the economic forecast amounted to approximately $59.3 million. In addition, as required by GAAP, the initial allowance for credit losses on Revere’s acquired non-PCD loans was recognized through provision for credit losses in the amount of $17.5 million. The remainder of the provision reflects the impact of changes in interest rates, existing terms, qualitative factors, portfolio composition and portfolio maturities. The acquisition of Revere’s PCD loans resulted in an increase to the allowance for credit losses of $18.6 million, which did not affect the current quarter’s provision expense.

At September 30, 2020, the allowance for credit losses was $170.3 million as compared to $56.1 million at December 31, 2019. The allowance for credit losses as a percent of total loans was 1.65% and 0.84% at September 30, 2020 and December 31,
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2019, respectively. The allowance for credit losses represented 228% of non-performing loans at September 30, 2020 as compared to 136% at December 31, 2019. The allowance attributable to the commercial portfolio represented 1.78% of total commercial loans while the portion attributable to total combined consumer and mortgage loans was 1.04%. With respect to the total commercial portion of the allowance, 38% of this portion is allocated to the commercial business loan portfolio, resulting in the ratio of the allowance for commercial business loans to total commercial business loans of 2.57%. A similar ratio with respect to AD&C loans was 1.89% at the end of the current quarter. Excluding the PPP loans, which do not have an associated allowance, the allowance for credit losses as percentage of total loans outstanding would be 1.84% and the ratio of the allowance for commercial business loans to total commercial business loans would be 4.91%.
 
The current methodology for assessing the appropriate allowance includes: (1) a collective quantified reserve that reflects the Company’s historical default and loss experience adjusted for expected economic conditions over a reasonable and supportable forecast period and the Company’s prepayment and curtailment rates, (2) collective qualitative factors that consider concentrations of the loan portfolio, expected changes to the economic forecasts, large lending relationships, early delinquencies, and factors related to credit administration, including, among others, loan-to-value ratios, borrowers’ risk rating and credit score migrations, and (3) individual allowances on collateral-dependent loans where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty or where the Company determined that foreclosure is probable. Under the current methodology, the impact of the utilization of the historical default and loss experience results in 87% of the total allowance being attributable to the historical performance of the portfolio while 13% of the allowance is attributable to the collective qualitative factors applied to determine the allowance. The methodology used under previous accounting guidance in prior periods was dependent to a large degree on the application of qualitative factors which resulted in 85% of the total allowance being attributable to those qualitative factors with the remaining portion of the prior period’s allowance being dependent on historical loss experience.
 
The quantified collective portion of the allowance is determined by pooling loans into segments based on the similar risk characteristics of the underlying borrowers, in addition to consideration of collateral type, industry and business purpose of the loans. The Company selected two collective methodologies, the discounted cash flows and weighted average remaining life methodologies. Segments utilizing the discounted cash flow method are further sub-segmented based on the risk level (determined either by risk ratings or Beacon Scores). Collective calculation methodologies use the Company’s historical default and loss experience adjusted for future economic forecasts. The reasonable and supportable forecast period represents a two year economic outlook for the applicable economic variables. Following the end of the reasonable and supportable forecast period expected losses revert back to the historical mean over the next two years on a straight-line basis.
 
Economic variables which have the most significant impact on the allowance include:
•unemployment rate;
•number of business bankruptcies; and
•house price index.
 
The collective quantified component of the allowance is supplemented by a qualitative component to address various risk characteristics of the Company’s loan portfolio including:
•trends in early delinquencies;
•changes in the risk profile related to large loans in the portfolio;
•concentrations of loans to specific industry segments;
•expected changes in economic conditions;
•changes in the Company’s credit administration and loan portfolio management processes; and
•the quality of the Company’s credit risk identification processes.

The individual reserve assessment is applied to collateral dependent loans where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty or when the Company determined that foreclosure is probable. The determination of the fair value of the collateral depends on whether a repayment of the loan is expected to be from the sale or the operation of the collateral. When repayment is expected from the operation of the collateral, the Company uses the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral as the fair value. When repayment of the loan is expected from the sale of the collateral the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or the appraised value less estimated cost to sell. During the individual reserve assessment, management also considers the potential future changes in the value of the collateral over the remainder of the loan’s life. The balance of collateral-dependent loans individually assessed for the allowance was $56.1 million, with individual allowances of $8.3 million against those loans at September 30, 2020.
 
If an updated appraisal is received subsequent to the preliminary determination of an individual allowance or partial charge-off, and it is less than the initial appraisal used in the initial assessment, an additional individual allowance or charge-off is taken on the related credit. Partially charged-off loans are not written back up based on updated appraisals and always remain on non-
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accrual with any and all subsequent payments first applied to the remaining balance of the loan as principal reductions. No interest income is recognized on loans that have been partially charged-off.
 
A current appraisal on large loans is usually obtained if the appraisal on file is more than 12 months old and there has been a material change in market conditions, zoning, physical use or the adequacy of the collateral based on an internal evaluation. The Company’s policy is to strictly adhere to regulatory appraisal standards. If an appraisal is ordered, no more than a 30 day turnaround is requested from the appraiser, who is selected by Credit Administration from an approved appraiser list. After receipt of the updated appraisal, the assigned credit officer will recommend to the Chief Credit Officer whether an individual allowance or a charge-off should be taken. The Chief Credit Officer has the authority to approve an individual allowance or charge-off between monthly credit committee meetings to ensure that there are no significant time lapses during this process. The Company's borrowers are concentrated in nine counties in Maryland, three counties in Virginia and in Washington D.C. Excluding the PPP loans, commercial and residential mortgages, including home equity loans and lines, represented 87% of total loans at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Certain loan terms may create concentrations of credit risk and increase the Company’s exposure to loss. These include terms that permit the deferral of principal payments or payments that are smaller than normal interest accruals (negative amortization); loans with high loan-to-value ratios; loans, such as option adjustable-rate mortgages, that may expose the borrower to future increases in repayments that are in excess of increases that would result solely from increases in market interest rates; and interest-only loans. The Company does not make loans that provide for negative amortization or option adjustable-rate mortgages.

Summary of Loan Credit Loss Experience
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated:
 Nine Months EndedYear Ended
(Dollars in thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Balance, January 1$56,132 $53,486 
Initial allowance on PCD loans at adoption of ASC 3262,762 — 
Transition impact of adopting ASC 3262,983 — 
Initial allowance on acquired Revere PCD loans18,628 — 
Provision for credit losses90,158 4,684 
Loan charge-offs: 
Commercial real estate: 
Commercial investor real estate(23)— 
Commercial owner-occupied real estate— — 
Commercial AD&C— — 
Commercial business(429)(1,195)
Residential real estate:
Residential mortgage(420)(690)
Residential construction— — 
Consumer(383)(783)
Total charge-offs(1,255)(2,668)
Loan recoveries:  
Commercial real estate:  
Commercial investor real estate6 16 
Commercial owner-occupied real estate— — 
Commercial AD&C— 228 
Commercial business696 49 
Residential real estate:
Residential mortgage78 138 
Residential construction5 8 
Consumer121 191 
Total recoveries906 630 
Net charge-offs(349)(2,038)
Balance, period end$170,314 $56,132 
Net charge-offs to average loans0.01 %0.03 %
Allowance for credit losses to loans1.65 %0.84 %
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The following table discloses information on allowance for credit losses and allowance ratios for originated loans and Revere acquired non-PCD and PCD loans:
 September 30, 2020
   Revere acquired loans  
 Originated LoansNon-PCDPCDTotal Loans
(Dollars in thousands)AllowanceReserve
Ratio		AllowanceReserve
Ratio		AllowanceReserve
Ratio		AllowanceReserve
Ratio
Commercial real estate:       
Commercial investor real estate$37,117 1.47 %$8,434 1.39 %$9,685 2.13 %$55,236 1.54 %
Commercial owner-occupied real estate13,775 1.10 2,588 1.09 3,290 1.98 19,653 1.19 
Commercial AD&C13,748 1.92 3,608 1.82 1,435 1.82 18,791 1.89 
Commercial business40,410 2.16 7,876 4.44 8,873 4.97 57,159 2.57 
Residential real estate:
Residential mortgage10,895 1.00 799 1.05 217 2.06 11,911 1.01 
Residential construction1,430 0.84 28 0.86 6 0.86 1,464 0.84 
Consumer4,733 1.15 1,192 1.20 175 1.87 6,100 1.17 
Total loans$122,108 1.52 $24,525 1.75 $23,681 2.64 $170,314 1.65 

Market Risk Management
The Company's net income is largely dependent on its net interest income. Net interest income is susceptible to interest rate risk to the extent that interest-bearing liabilities mature or re-price on a different basis than interest-earning assets. When interest-bearing liabilities mature or re-price more quickly than interest-earning assets in a given period, a significant increase in market rates of interest could adversely affect net interest income. Similarly, when interest-earning assets mature or re-price more quickly than interest-bearing liabilities, falling interest rates could result in a decrease in net interest income. Net interest income is also affected by changes in the portion of interest-earning assets that are funded by interest-bearing liabilities rather than by other sources of funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders' equity.
 
The Company’s interest rate risk management goals are (1) to increase net interest income at a growth rate consistent with the growth rate of total assets, and (2) to minimize fluctuations in net interest income as a percentage of interest-earning assets. Management attempts to achieve these goals by balancing, within policy limits, the volume of floating-rate liabilities with a similar volume of floating-rate assets; by keeping the average maturity of fixed-rate asset and liability contracts reasonably matched; by maintaining a pool of administered core deposits; and by adjusting pricing rates to market conditions on a continuing basis.
 
The Company’s board of directors has established a comprehensive interest rate risk management policy, which is administered by management’s Asset Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”). The policy establishes limits on risk, which are quantitative measures of the percentage change in net interest income (a measure of net interest income or “NII” at risk) and the fair value of equity capital (a measure of economic value of equity or “EVE” at risk) resulting from a hypothetical change in U.S. Treasury interest rates for maturities from one day to thirty years. The Company measures the potential adverse impacts that changing interest rates may have on its short-term earnings, long-term value, and liquidity by employing simulation analysis through the use of computer modeling. The simulation model captures optionality factors such as call features and interest rate caps and floors embedded in investment and loan portfolio contracts. As with any method of gauging interest rate risk, there are certain shortcomings inherent in the interest rate modeling methodology used by the Company. When interest rates change, actual movements in different categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, loan prepayments, and withdrawals of time and other deposits, may deviate significantly from assumptions used in the model. As an example, certain types of money market deposit accounts are assumed to reprice at 40 to 100% of the interest rate change in each of the up rate shock scenarios even though this is not a contractual requirement. As a practical matter, management would likely lag the impact of any upward movement in market rates on these accounts as a mechanism to manage the Company's net interest margin. Finally, the methodology does not measure or reflect the impact that higher rates may have on adjustable-rate loan customers’ ability to service their debts, or the impact of rate changes on demand for loan and deposit products.
 
The Company prepares a current base case and multiple alternative simulations at least once per quarter and reports the analysis to the board of directors. In addition, more frequent forecasts are produced when interest rates are particularly uncertain or when other business conditions so dictate.
 
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The statement of condition is subject to quarterly testing for eight alternative interest rate shock possibilities to indicate the inherent interest rate risk. Average interest rates are shocked by +/- 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis points (“bp”), although the Company may elect not to use particular scenarios that it determines are impractical in a current rate environment. It is management’s goal to structure the statement of condition so that net interest income at risk over a twelve-month period and the economic value of equity at risk do not exceed policy guidelines at the various interest rate shock levels.
 
The Company augments its quarterly interest rate shock analysis with alternative external interest rate scenarios on a monthly basis. These alternative interest rate scenarios may include non-parallel rate ramps and non-parallel yield curve twists. If a measure of risk produced by the alternative simulations of the entire statement of condition violates policy guidelines, ALCO is required to develop a plan to restore the measure of risk to a level that complies with policy limits within two quarters.
 
Measures of net interest income at risk produced by simulation analysis are indicators of an institution’s short-term performance in alternative rate environments. These measures are typically based upon a relatively brief period, usually one year. They do not necessarily indicate the long-term prospects or economic value of the institution.

Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income
Change in Interest Rates:+ 400 bp+ 300 bp+ 200 bp+ 100 bp- 100 bp- 200 bp-300 bp-400 bp
Policy Limit23.50%17.50%15.00%10.00%10.00%15.00%17.50%23.50%
September 30, 20207.56%5.65%3.90%1.70%N/AN/AN/AN/A
December 31, 201911.26%8.71%6.06%3.06%(3.47%)N/AN/AN/A
 
The impact of these various interest movements on net interest income are reflected in the preceding table. At September 30, 2020, further interest rate declines are improbable due to the low level of existing market rates. As reflected in the table, in a rising interest rate environment, net interest income sensitivity decreased compared to December 31, 2019. The change in the net interest income at risk resulted from decreased asset sensitivity due to the impact of shorter loan durations, and the repricing of deposits. All measures remained well within prescribed policy limits.
 
The measures of equity value at risk indicate the ongoing economic value of the Company by considering the effects of changes in interest rates on all of the Company’s cash flows, and by discounting the cash flows to estimate the present value of assets and liabilities. The difference between these discounted values of the assets and liabilities is the economic value of equity, which, in theory, approximates the fair value of the Company’s net assets.
 
Estimated Changes in Economic Value of Equity
Change in Interest Rates:+ 400 bp+ 300 bp+ 200 bp+ 100 bp- 100 bp- 200 bp-300 bp-400 bp
Policy Limit35.00%25.00%20.00%10.00%10.00%20.00%25.00%35.00%
September 30, 2020(9.72%)(5.17%)(1.08%)1.05%N/AN/AN/AN/A
December 31, 2019(9.13%)(5.54%)(2.34%)(0.06%)(0.95%)N/AN/AN/A
 
Overall, the measure of the EVE at risk decreased in most rising rate scenarios from December 31, 2019 to September 30, 2020. The decline in EVE in most of the rising rate scenarios is the result of the combination of shorter loan durations that declined with the inclusion of Revere’s portfolio and inclusion of the PPP program, coupled with the lower deposit duration.
 
Liquidity Management
Liquidity is measured by a financial institution's ability to raise funds through loan repayments, maturing investments, deposit growth, borrowed funds, capital and the sale of highly marketable assets such as investment securities and residential mortgage loans. In assessing liquidity, management considers operating requirements, the seasonality of deposit flows, investment, loan and deposit maturities and calls, expected funding of loans and deposit withdrawals, and the market values of available-for-sale investments, so that sufficient funds are available on short notice to meet obligations as they arise and to ensure that the Company is able to pursue new business opportunities. The Company's liquidity position, considering both internal and external sources available, exceeded anticipated short-term and long-term needs at September 30, 2020.
 
Liquidity is measured using an approach designed to take into account core deposits, in addition to factors already discussed above. Management considers core deposits, defined to include all deposits other than brokered and outsourced deposits and certain time deposits of $250 thousand or more, to be a relatively stable funding source. Core deposits equaled 76% of total interest-earning assets at September 30, 2020. The Company’s growth and mortgage banking activities are also additional considerations when evaluating liquidity requirements. Also considered are changes in the liquidity of the investment portfolio
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due to fluctuations in interest rates. Under this approach, implemented by the Funding and Liquidity Subcommittee of ALCO under formal policy guidelines, the Company’s liquidity position is measured weekly, looking forward at thirty day intervals from thirty (30) to three hundred sixty (360) days. The measurement is based upon the projection of funds sold or purchased position, along with ratios and trends developed to measure dependence on purchased funds and core growth. At September 30, 2020, the Company’s liquidity and funds availability provides it with flexibility in funding loan demand and other liquidity demands.
 
The Company also has external sources of funds available that can be drawn upon when required. The main sources of external liquidity are available lines of credit with the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank. The line of credit with the FHLB totaled $2.3 billion, all of which was available for borrowing based on pledged collateral, with $444.2 million borrowed against it as of September 30, 2020. The secured lines of credit at the Federal Reserve Bank and correspondent banks totaled $366.5 million, all of which was available for borrowing based on pledged collateral, with no borrowings against it as of September 30, 2020. In addition, the Company had unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks of $780.0 million at September 30, 2020. At September 30, 2020, there was $70.0 million outstanding borrowings against these lines of credit. At September 30, 2020 the Company had $250.4 million outstanding under the PPPLF. These funds are secured by guaranteed loans originated under the PPP program. At September 30, 2020, the Company had borrowing availability under the PPPLF of $837.7 million. Based upon its liquidity analysis, including external sources of liquidity available, management believes the liquidity position was appropriate at September 30, 2020.
 
The parent company (“Bancorp”) is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity. In addition to its operating expenses, Bancorp is responsible for paying any dividends declared to its common shareholders and interest and principal on outstanding debt. Bancorp’s primary source of income is dividends received from the Bank. The amount of dividends that the Bank may declare and pay to Bancorp in any calendar year, without the receipt of prior approval from the Federal Reserve Bank, cannot exceed net income for that year to date period plus retained net income (as defined) for the preceding two calendar years. Based on this requirement, as of September 30, 2020, the Bank could have declared a dividend of $145 million to Bancorp. At September 30, 2020, Bancorp had liquid assets of $51.5 million.
 
Arrangements to fund credit products or guarantee financing take the form of loan commitments (including lines of credit on revolving credit structures) and letters of credit. Approvals for these arrangements are obtained in the same manner as loans. Generally, cash flows, collateral value and risk assessment are considered when determining the amount and structure of credit arrangements.
 
Commitments to extend credit in the form of consumer, commercial real estate and business at the dates indicated were as follows:
(In thousands)September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Commercial real estate development and construction$834,164 $571,368 
Residential real estate-development and construction84,281 89,224 
Real estate-residential mortgage302,998 74,282 
Lines of credit, principally home equity and business lines1,952,443 1,400,038 
Standby letters of credit68,561 62,065 
Total commitments to extend credit and available credit lines$3,242,447 $2,196,977 
 
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to provide financing to a customer with the provision that there are no violations of any condition established in the agreement. Commitments generally have interest rates determined by current market rates, expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Lines of credit typically represent unused portions of lines of credit that were provided and remain available as long as customers comply with the requisite contractual conditions. Commitments to extend credit are evaluated, processed and/or renewed regularly on a case by case basis, as part of the credit management process. The total commitment amount or line of credit amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements, as it is highly unlikely that all customers would draw on their lines of credit in full at one time.

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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
See “Financial Condition - Market Risk Management” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, above, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated as of the last day of the period covered by this report, the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Act of 1934) during the three months ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
 
In the normal course of business, the Company becomes involved in litigation arising from the banking, financial and other activities it conducts. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the ultimate liability, if any, arising from these matters will have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, operating results or liquidity.
 

Item 1A. Risk Factors
 
There have been no material changes in the risk factors as discussed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
In December 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1,800,000 shares of common stock. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company repurchased and retired 820,328 shares of its common stock at an average price of $31.33 per share. The Company did not repurchase shares during the three months ended September 30, 2020. Cumulatively under the program, as of September 30, 2020, the Company has repurchased and retired 1,488,519 shares of its common stock at an average price of $33.58 per share.


Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities – None
 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures – Not applicable
 

Item 5. Other Information - None
 

Item 6. Exhibits
 
 
Exhibit 31(a)
Exhibit 31(b)
Exhibit 32(a)
Exhibit 32(b)
Exhibit 101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
Exhibit 101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

75

Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this quarterly report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC.
(Registrant)
 
By: /s/ Daniel J. Schrider
Daniel J. Schrider
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: November 6, 2020
By: /s/ Philip J. Mantua
Philip J. Mantua
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Date: November 6, 2020

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