Companies: 10,652     total market cap: $142.300 T
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Citizens Financial Group
CFG
#868
Rank
$28.71 B
Marketcap
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States
Country
$66.86
Share price
-1.02%
Change (1 day)
44.59%
Change (1 year)
๐Ÿฆ Banks๐Ÿ’ณ Financial services
Categories
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. is an American bank operating more than 1,200 branches and approximately 3,200 ATMs.
  1. Citizens Financial Group
  2. Annual Reports (10-K)
  3. Financial Year 2019

Citizens Financial Group - 10-K annual report 2019


Text size:
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended
December 31, 2019
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period From
(Not Applicable)
Commission File Number 001-36636
image0a18.jpg
(Exact name of the registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
05-0412693
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
One Citizens Plaza, Providence, RI 02903
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(401) 456-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share
CFG
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 6.350% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D
CFG PrD
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 5.000% Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E
CFG PrE
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☑ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☑ No
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☑ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☑ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer
☑
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
 
 
Emerging growth company
☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☑ No
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the Registrant was $16,145,696,534 (based on the June 30, 2019 closing price of Citizens Financial Group, Inc. common shares of $35.36 as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). There were 427,434,404 shares of Registrant’s common stock ($0.01 par value) outstanding on February 5, 2020.
Documents incorporated by reference

Portions of Citizens Financial Group, Inc.’s proxy statement to be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with Citizens Financial Group, Inc.’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof. Such Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days of Citizens Financial Group, Inc.’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.


 
 
 
 
 
 
image0a18.jpg
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page
 
 
Glossary of Acronyms and Terms
2
 
 
Forward-looking Statements
5
 
 
 
 
 
 
Part I.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1. Business
6
 
 
Item 1A. Risk Factors
19
 
 
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
31
 
 
Item 2. Properties
31
 
 
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
31
 
 
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
32
 
 
 
 
 
 
Part II.
 
 
 
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
32
 
 
Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data
34
 
 
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
36
 
 
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
87
 
 
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
88
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018
94
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
95
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
96
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
97
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
98
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
100
 
 
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
160
 
 
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
160
 
 
Item 9B. Other Information
160
 
 
 
 
 
 
Part III.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
160
 
 
Item 11. Executive Compensation
160
 
 
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
161
 
 
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
161
 
 
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
161
 
 
 
 
 
 
Part IV.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
161
 
 
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
165
 
 
 
 
 
 
Signatures
166
 




 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 1

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS
The following is a list of common acronyms and terms we regularly use in our financial reporting:
2017 Tax Legislation
 
An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018 (Tax Cuts and Jobs Act)
ACL
 
Allowance for Credit Losses
Acquisitions
 
Refers to acquisitions after second quarter 2018, including Franklin American Mortgage Company, Clarfeld Financial Advisors, LLC and Bowstring Advisors LLC
AFS
 
Available for Sale
ALLL
 
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
ALM
 
Asset and Liability Management
AOCI
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
ASU
 
Accounting Standards Update
ATM
 
Automated Teller Machine
Bank Holding Company Act
 
The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956
Board or Board of Directors
 
The Board of Directors of Citizens Financial Group, Inc.
bps
 
Basis Points
Capital Plan Rule
 
Federal Reserve Regulation Y Capital Plan Rule
CBNA
 
Citizens Bank, National Association
CBPA
 
Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania
CCAR
 
Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CCB
 
Capital Conservation Buffer
CCMI
 
Citizens Capital Markets, Inc.
CECL
 
Current Expected Credit Losses (ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments)
CET1
 
Common Equity Tier 1
CET1 capital ratio
 
Common Equity Tier 1 capital divided by total risk-weighted assets as defined under the U.S. Basel III Standardized approach
CFPB
 
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
CFTC
 
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Citizens or CFG or the Company, we, us, or our
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. and its Subsidiaries
CLTV
 
Combined Loan-to-Value
CLO
 
Collateralized Loan Obligation
CMO
 
Collateralized Mortgage Obligation
CRA
 
Community Reinvestment Act
CRE
 
Commercial Real Estate
DIF
 
Deposit Insurance Fund
Dodd-Frank Act
 
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010
EGRRCPA
 
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act
EPS
 
Earnings Per Share
ESPP
 
Employee Stock Purchase Program
ERISA
 
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
Exchange Act
 
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
FAMC
 
Franklin American Mortgage Company
FAMC acquisition
 
The August 1, 2018 acquisition of Franklin American Mortgage Company
Fannie Mae (FNMA)
 
Federal National Mortgage Association
FASB
 
Financial Accounting Standards Board

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 2

FDIA
 
Federal Deposit Insurance Act
FDIC
 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FFIEC
 
Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHLB
 
Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO
 
Fair Isaac Corporation (credit rating)
FINRA
 
Financial Industry Regulation Authority
FRB
 
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and, as applicable, Federal Reserve Bank(s)
Freddie Mac (FHLMC)
 
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FTE
 
Fully Taxable Equivalent
FTP
 
Funds Transfer Pricing
GAAP
 
Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States of America
GDP
 
Gross Domestic Product
GLBA
 
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999
Ginnie Mae (GNMA)
 
Government National Mortgage Association
GSE
 
Government-Sponsored Enterprise
HELOC
 
Home Equity Line of Credit
HTM
 
Held To Maturity
Last-of-Layer
 
Last-of-layer is a fair value hedge of the interest rate risk of a portfolio of similar prepayable assets whereby the last dollar amount within the portfolio of assets is identified as the hedged item
LCR
 
Liquidity Coverage Ratio
LHFS
 
Loans Held for Sale
LGD
 
Loss Given Default
LIBOR
 
London Interbank Offered Rate
LIHTC
 
Low Income Housing Tax Credit
LTV
 
Loan-to-Value
MBS
 
Mortgage-Backed Securities
MD&A
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Mid-Atlantic
 
District of Columbia, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia
Midwest
 
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio
MSA
 
Metropolitan Statistical Area
MSRs
 
Mortgage Servicing Rights
New England
 
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont
NM
 
Not meaningful
NSFR
 
Net Stable Funding Ratio
OCC
 
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCI
 
Other Comprehensive Income
OFAC
 
Office of Foreign Assets Control
Parent Company
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. (the Parent Company of Citizens Bank, National Association and other subsidiaries)
PD
 
Probability of Default
peers or peer regional banks
 
BB&T, Comerica, Fifth Third, KeyCorp, M&T, PNC, Regions, SunTrust and U.S. Bancorp. Includes Truist for the period subsequent to the merger of BB&T and SunTrust
REITs
 
Real Estate Investment Trusts
ROTCE
 
Return on Average Tangible Common Equity
RPA
 
Risk Participation Agreement

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 3

SBA
 
Small Business Administration
SBO
 
Serviced by Others loan portfolio
SEC
 
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
SVaR
 
Stressed Value-at-Risk
TDR
 
Troubled Debt Restructuring
Tier 1 capital ratio
 
Tier 1 capital, which includes Common Equity Tier 1 capital plus non-cumulative perpetual preferred equity that qualifies as additional tier 1 capital, divided by total risk-weighted assets as defined under the U.S. Basel III Standardized approach
Tier 1 leverage ratio
 
Tier 1 capital, which includes Common Equity Tier 1 capital plus non-cumulative perpetual preferred equity that qualifies as additional tier 1 capital, divided by quarterly adjusted average assets as defined under the U.S. Basel III Standardized approach
Total capital ratio
 
Total capital, which includes Common Equity Tier 1 capital, tier 1 capital and allowance for credit losses and qualifying subordinated debt that qualifies as tier 2 capital, divided by total risk-weighted assets as defined under the U.S. Basel III Standardized approach
VaR
 
Value-at-Risk
VIE
 
Variable Interest Entities

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 4

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements regarding potential future share repurchases and future dividends are forward-looking statements. Also, any statement that does not describe historical or current facts is a forward-looking statement. These statements often include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “goals,” “targets,” “initiatives,” “potentially,” “probably,” “projects,” “outlook” or similar expressions or future conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” and “could.”

Forward-looking statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of management, and on information currently available to management. Our statements speak as of the date hereof, and we do not assume any obligation to update these statements or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those contained in such statements in light of new information or future events. We caution you, therefore, against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of future performance. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include the following, without limitation:
•
Negative economic and political conditions that adversely affect the general economy, housing prices, the job market, consumer confidence and spending habits which may affect, among other things, the level of nonperforming assets, charge-offs and provision expense;
•
The rate of growth in the economy and employment levels, as well as general business and economic conditions, and changes in the competitive environment;
•
Our ability to implement our business strategy, including the cost savings and efficiency components, and achieve our financial performance goals;
•
Our ability to meet heightened supervisory requirements and expectations;
•
Liabilities and business restrictions resulting from litigation and regulatory investigations;
•
Our capital and liquidity requirements (including under regulatory capital standards, such as the U.S. Basel III capital rules) and our ability to generate capital internally or raise capital on favorable terms;
•
The effect of changes in interest rates on our net interest income, net interest margin and our mortgage originations, mortgage servicing rights and mortgages held for sale;
•
Changes in interest rates and market liquidity, as well as the magnitude of such changes, which may reduce interest margins, impact funding sources and affect the ability to originate and distribute financial products in the primary and secondary markets;
•
The effect of changes in the level of checking or savings account deposits on our funding costs and net interest margin;
•
Financial services reform and other current, pending or future legislation or regulation that could have a negative effect on our revenue and businesses;
•
A failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third party vendors or other service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks; and
•
Management’s ability to identify and manage these and other risks.
In addition to the above factors, we also caution that the actual amounts and timing of any future common stock dividends or share repurchases will be subject to various factors, including our capital position, financial performance, capital impacts of strategic initiatives, market conditions and regulatory and accounting considerations, as well as any other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant in making such a determination. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares from or pay any dividends to holders of our common stock, or as to the amount of any such repurchases or dividends.

More information about factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found under Item 1A “Risk Factors”.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 5

PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. is the 14th largest retail bank holding company in the United States.(1) Headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island, we offer a broad range of retail and commercial banking products and services to more than five million individuals, small businesses, middle-market companies, large corporations and institutions. Our products and services are offered through approximately 1,100 branches in 11 states in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions and approximately 135 retail and commercial non-branch offices, though certain lines of business serve national markets. At December 31, 2019, we had total assets of $165.7 billion, total deposits of $125.3 billion and total stockholders’ equity of $22.2 billion.
We are a bank holding company incorporated under Delaware state law in 1984 and whose primary federal regulator is the FRB. On January 2, 2019, we consolidated our banking subsidiaries via a merger of CBPA into CBNA in order to streamline governance and enterprise risk management, improve CBNA’s risk profile and gain operational efficiencies. CBNA is our primary subsidiary and sole banking subsidiary, whose primary federal regulator is the OCC.
Business Segments
We manage our business through two reportable business operating segments: Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking. For additional information regarding our business segments see the “Business Operating Segments” section of Item 7 and Note 25 in Item 8. Our activities outside these segments are classified as “Other” and include treasury activities, wholesale funding activities, securities portfolio, community development assets and other unallocated assets, liabilities, capital, revenues, provision for credit losses and expenses, including income tax expense. The Other classification also includes the financial impact of non-core, liquidating loan portfolios and other non-core assets and liabilities. For a description of non-core assets see the “Allowance for Credit Losses and Nonperforming Assets” section of Item 7.
The following table presents selected financial information for our business operating segments, Other and consolidated:
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
2019
 
2018
(in millions)
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Other 
 
Consolidated
 
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Other
 
Consolidated
Net interest income

$3,182

 

$1,466

 

($34
)
 

$4,614

 

$3,064

 

$1,497

 

($29
)
 

$4,532

Noninterest income
1,156

 
607

 
114

 
1,877

 
973

 
545

 
78

 
1,596

Total revenue
4,338

 
2,073

 
80

 
6,491

 
4,037

 
2,042

 
49

 
6,128

Noninterest expense
2,851

 
858

 
138

 
3,847

 
2,723

 
813

 
83

 
3,619

Net income
875

 
870

 
46

 
1,791

 
767

 
927

 
27

 
1,721

Total average loans and leases and loans held for sale

$63,396

 

$54,355

 

$2,089

 

$119,840

 

$60,691

 

$51,344

 

$2,446

 

$114,481

Total average deposits

$84,835

 

$31,085

 

$7,381

 

$123,301

 

$77,542

 

$30,704

 

$7,611

 

$115,857

Consumer Banking Segment
Consumer Banking serves retail customers and small businesses with annual revenues of up to $25 million, with products and services that include deposit products, mortgage and home equity lending, credit cards, business loans, wealth management and investment services largely across our 11-state traditional banking footprint. We also offer auto loans, education loans, unsecured loans and product financing in addition to select digital deposit products nationwide.
Consumer Banking operates a multi-channel distribution network with a workforce of approximately 5,700 branch colleagues, approximately 1,100 branches, including about 290 in-store locations, and approximately 2,700 ATMs. Our network includes approximately 1,325 specialists covering lending, savings and investment needs as well as a broad range of small business products and services. We serve customers on a national basis through telephone service centers as well as through our online and mobile platforms where we offer customers the convenience of depositing funds, paying bills and transferring money between accounts and from person to person, as well as a host of other everyday transactions.
(1) According to SNL Financial as of September 30, 2019. Based on subsequent peer merger activity.


 
 
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We believe our strong retail deposit market share in our core regions, which have relatively diverse economies and affluent demographics, is a competitive advantage. As of June 30, 2019, we ranked second by retail deposit market share in the New England region and ranked in the top five in nine of our ten principal MSAs.(1) 
The following table presents information regarding our competitive position in our principal MSAs:
(dollars in billions)
 
Total
Total
Deposit
MSA
Total Branches
Deposits
Deposit Rank
Market Share
Boston, MA
202
$22.0
2
13.4%
Philadelphia, PA
169
14.8
4
10.1
Pittsburgh, PA
112
8.2
2
13.7
Providence, RI
93
8.8
1
24.9
Detroit, MI
81
5.5
7
6.5
Cleveland, OH
50
3.9
4
7.9
Manchester, NH
19
2.5
2
27.9
Buffalo, NY
40
1.9
5
8.3
Albany, NY
21
1.9
4
9.8
Rochester, NY
25
1.7
5
9.4
Source: FDIC, June 2019. Principal MSAs determined by total retail branch count. Deposits capped at $500 million per branch. Includes banks, savings banks and thrifts. Excludes “non-retail banks” as defined by SNL Financial. The scope of “non-retail banks” is subject to the discretion of SNL Financial, but typically includes: industrial bank and non-depository trust charters, institutions with more than 20% brokered deposits (of total deposits), institutions with more than 20% credit card loans (of total loans), institutions deemed not to broadly participate in the banking services market and other nonretail competitor banks. Due to deposit cap, Citizens Access® retail deposits excluded from MSA deposits statistics.
Commercial Banking Segment
Commercial Banking primarily serves companies and institutions with annual revenues of over $25 million to more than $3.0 billion and strives to be our clients’ trusted advisor and preferred provider for their banking needs. We offer a broad complement of financial products and solutions, including lending and leasing, deposit and treasury management services, foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity risk management solutions, as well as loan syndications, corporate finance, merger and acquisition, and debt and equity capital markets capabilities.
Commercial Banking is structured along business lines and product groups. The business lines, Corporate Banking and Commercial Real Estate, and the product groups, Corporate Finance & Capital Markets, and Treasury Solutions work in teams to understand client needs and provide comprehensive solutions to meet those needs. We acquire new clients through a coordinated approach to the market, leveraging deep industry knowledge in specialized banking groups and a geographic coverage model.
Corporate Banking serves middle market commercial and industrial clients with annual gross revenues of $25 million to $500 million, and mid-corporate clients with annual revenues of $500 million to more than $3.0 billion in the United States. In several areas, such as Healthcare, Technology, Aerospace and Defense, and Franchise Finance, we offer a more dedicated and tailored approach to better meet the unique needs of these client segments.
Commercial Real Estate provides customized debt capital solutions for middle market operators, institutional developers, investors, and REITs. Commercial Real Estate provides financing for projects primarily in the office, multi-family, industrial, retail, healthcare and hospitality sectors.
The Corporate Finance & Capital Markets serves clients through key product groups including Corporate Finance, Capital Markets, and Global Markets. Corporate Finance provides advisory services to middle market and mid-corporate clients, including mergers and acquisitions and capital structure advice. The team works closely with industry-sector specialists within debt capital markets to advise our clients. Corporate Finance also provides acquisition and follow-on financing for new and recapitalized portfolio companies of key sponsors, services meeting the unique and time-sensitive needs of private equity firms, management companies and funds, and underwriting and portfolio management expertise for leveraged transactions and relationships. Capital Markets originates, structures and underwrites multi-bank syndicated credit facilities targeting middle market, mid-corporate and private equity sponsors with a focus on offering value-added ideas to optimize their capital structures, including advising on and facilitating mergers and acquisitions, valuations, tender offers, financial restructurings, asset sales,
(1) According to SNL Financial.

 
 
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divestitures and other corporate reorganizations and business combinations. Global Markets provides foreign exchange, interest rate and commodities risk management services.
The Treasury Solutions product group supports Commercial Banking and certain small business clients with treasury management solutions, including domestic and international products and services related to receivables, payables, information reporting and liquidity management as well as commercial credit cards and trade finance.
Business Strategy
Our mission is to help each of our customers, colleagues and communities reach their potential, and our vision is to become a top-performing bank distinguished by our customer-centric culture, mindset of continuous improvement, and excellent capabilities. We strive to understand customers and targeted client needs, so we can tailor advice and solutions to help make them more successful. Our business strategy is designed to maximize the full potential of our businesses, drive sustainable growth, and enhance profitability. Our success rests on our ability to distinguish ourselves as follows:
Maintain a high-performing, customer-centric organization: To accomplish this, we continually strive to enhance our “customer-first” culture in order to deliver the best possible banking experience. Recently, we launched a new company-wide branding campaign ‘Made Ready,’ which is centered around our focus on delivering personalized and distinctive experiences. For colleagues, we are taking talent management to the next level, with a goal of attracting, developing and retaining great people, while ensuring strong leadership, teamwork, and a sense of empowerment, accountability and urgency.
Develop differentiated value propositions to acquire, deepen, and retain core customer segments: We have focused on certain customer segments where we believe we are well positioned to compete. In Consumer Banking, we focus on serving mass affluent and affluent customers, and small business customers. In Commercial Banking, we focus on serving customers in the middle market, mid-corporate, and certain industry vertical areas. By developing differentiated and targeted value propositions, we believe we can attract new customers, deepen relationships with existing customers, and deliver an enhanced customer experience.
Build excellent capabilities designed to help us stand out from competitors: Across our businesses we strive to deliver seamless, multi-channel experiences that allow customers to interact with us when, where and how they choose. We continue to build out enhanced data analytics and capabilities to provide timely, insight-driven, tailored advice in order to deliver solutions to consumer and business customers throughout their lifecycles. We are also focused on expanding our digital capabilities and related strategies in order to satisfy rapidly changing customer preferences.
Operate with financial discipline and a mindset of continuous improvement to self-fund investments: We believe that continued focus on operational efficiency is critical to future profitability and ability to continue to reinvest to drive future growth. We launched the first Tapping our Potential (“TOP”) initiative in 2014 and have launched additional programs in each subsequent year. The programs are designed to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and competitiveness of the franchise. In the second half of 2019, we launched the sixth TOP program, which is a multi-year program consisting of traditional TOP initiatives (similar in nature to prior programs), and a Transformation Program designed to redefine how we operate across the organization and deliver for customers and colleagues.
Prudently grow and optimize our balance sheet: We operate with a strong balance sheet with regard to capital, liquidity and funding, coupled with a well-defined and prudent risk appetite. We continue to focus on thoughtfully growing our balance sheet and strive to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns by actively managing capital and resource allocation decisions through balance sheet optimization initiatives. Our goal is to be good stewards of our resources, and we continue to rigorously evaluate our execution.
Modernize our technology and operational models to improve delivery, organizational agility and speed to market: We are continuing to modernize our technology and operating models to improve our speed-to-market, deliver innovative products and services, strengthen collaboration across teams, and meet financial objectives. We will also continue to engage in FinTech partnerships that help deliver differentiated value-added digital experiences for customers.
Embed risk management within our culture and operations: Given that the quality of our risk management program directly affects our ability to execute our strategy we continue to work to further strengthen our risk management culture. Moreover, we are committed to continuously enhancing our processes and talent, and to making improvements in the platform including ongoing investments in risk technology and frameworks. These actions are designed to support and bolster our risk management capabilities and regulatory profile.

 
 
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Competition
The financial services industry is highly competitive. Our branch footprint is in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions, though certain lines of business serve national markets. Within these markets we face competition from community banks, super-regional and national financial institutions, credit unions, savings and loan associations, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market funds, hedge funds and private equity firms. Some of our larger competitors may make available to their customers a broader array of products, pricing and structure alternatives while some smaller competitors may have more liberal lending policies and processes. Competition among providers of financial products and services continues to increase, with consumers having the opportunity to select from a growing variety of traditional and nontraditional alternatives. The ability of non-banking financial institutions, including FinTech companies, to provide services previously limited to commercial banks has also intensified competition.
In Consumer Banking, the industry has become increasingly dependent on and oriented toward technology-driven delivery systems, permitting transactions to be conducted through telephone, online and mobile channels. In addition, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-bank institutions to attract funds and provide lending and other financial products and services. The emergence of digital-only banking models has increased and we expect this trend to continue. Given their lower cost structure, these models are often, on average, able to offer higher rates on deposit products than retail banking institutions with a traditional branch footprint. The primary factors driving competition for loans and deposits are interest rates, fees charged, tailored value propositions to different customer segments, customer service levels, convenience, including branch locations and hours of operation, and the range of products and services offered.
In Commercial Banking, there is intense competition for quality loan originations from traditional banking institutions, particularly large regional banks, as well as commercial finance companies, leasing companies and other non-bank lenders, and institutional investors including CLO managers, hedge funds and private equity firms. Some larger competitors, including certain national banks that compete in our market area, may offer a broader array of products and due to their asset size, may sometimes be in a position to hold more exposure on their own balance sheet. We compete on a number of factors including providing innovative corporate finance solutions, quality of customer service and execution, range of products offered, price and reputation.
Regulation and Supervision
Our operations are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination under federal and state laws and regulations. These laws and regulations cover all aspects of our business, including lending practices, deposit insurance, customer privacy and cybersecurity, capital adequacy and planning, liquidity, safety and soundness, consumer protection and disclosure, permissible activities and investments, and certain transactions with affiliates. These laws and regulations are intended primarily for the protection of depositors, the Deposit Insurance Fund and the banking system as a whole and not for the protection of shareholders or other investors. The discussion below outlines the material elements of selected laws and regulations applicable to us and our subsidiaries. Changes in applicable law or regulation, and in their interpretation and application by regulatory agencies and other governmental authorities, cannot be predicted, but may have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We and our subsidiaries are subject to examinations by federal and state banking regulators, as well as the SEC, FINRA and various state insurance and securities regulators. In some cases, regulatory agencies may take supervisory actions that may not be publicly disclosed, and such actions may restrict or limit our activities or activities of our subsidiaries. As part of our regular examination process, regulators may advise us to operate under various restrictions as a prudential matter. We have periodically received requests for information from regulatory authorities at the federal and state level, including from banking, securities and insurance regulators, state attorneys general, federal agencies or law enforcement authorities, and other regulatory authorities, concerning our business practices. Such requests are considered incidental to the normal conduct of business. For a further discussion of how regulatory actions may impact our business, see Item 1A “Risk Factors.” For additional information regarding regulatory and supervisory matters, see Note 24 in Item 8.
Overview
We are a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act. We have elected to be treated as a financial holding company under amendments to the Bank Holding Company Act as effected by GLBA. As such, we are subject to the supervision, examination and reporting requirements of the Bank Holding Company Act and the regulations of the FRB, including through the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. Under the system of “functional regulation” established under the Bank Holding Company Act, the FRB serves as the primary regulator of our

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 9

consolidated organization, and the SEC serves as the primary regulator of our broker-dealer and investment advisory subsidiaries and directly regulates the activities of those subsidiaries, with the FRB exercising a supervisory role.
The federal banking regulators have authority to approve or disapprove mergers, acquisitions, consolidations, the establishment of branches and similar corporate actions. These banking regulators also have the power to prevent the continuance or development of unsafe or unsound banking practices or other violations of law. Federal law governs the activities in which CBNA engages, including the investments it makes and the aggregate amount of available credit that it may grant to one borrower. Various consumer and compliance laws and regulations also affect its operations. The actions the FRB takes to implement monetary policy also affect CBNA.
In addition, CBNA is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the CFPB with respect to consumer protection laws and regulations. The CFPB has broad authority to regulate the offering and provision of consumer financial products by depository institutions, such as CBNA, with more than $10 billion in total assets. The CFPB may promulgate rules under a variety of consumer financial protection statutes, including the Truth in Lending Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act.
Tailoring of Prudential Requirements
In October 2019, the FRB and the other federal banking regulators finalized rules that tailor the application of the enhanced prudential standards to bank holding companies and depository institutions to implement the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 (“EGRRCPA”) amendments to the Dodd-Frank Act (“Tailoring Rules”). The Tailoring Rules assign each U.S. bank holding company with $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets, as well as its bank subsidiaries, to one of four categories based on its size and five other risk-based indicators:
i.cross-jurisdictional activity,
ii.weighted short-term wholesale funding (“wSTWF”),
iii.non-bank assets,
iv.off-balance sheet exposure, and
v.status as a U.S. globally systematically important bank.
Under the Tailoring Rules, we are subject to “Category IV standards,” which apply to banking organizations with at least $100 billion in total consolidated assets that do not meet any of the thresholds specified for Categories I through III. Accordingly, Category IV firms, such as us,
i.
are no longer subject to any LCR requirement (or in certain cases, are subject to reduced requirements),
ii.remain not subject to advanced approaches capital requirements,
iii.
remain eligible to opt-out of the requirement to recognize most elements of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in regulatory capital,
iv.remain not subject to the supplementary leverage ratio,
v.remain not subject to the countercyclical capital buffer,
vi.are no longer subject to company-run stress testing requirements,
vii.became subject to supervisory stress testing on a biennial instead of annual basis,
viii.remain subject to requirements to develop and maintain a capital plan on an annual basis, and
ix.remain subject to certain liquidity risk management and risk committee requirements.
We discuss other elements of the Tailoring Rules where relevant below. The liquidity requirements are described below under “—Liquidity Requirements,” and their stress testing requirements are described below under “—Capital Planning and Stress Testing Requirements.” In addition, the resolution planning requirements implemented by the FRB and FDIC are described below under “—Resolution Planning.”
Many of the provisions of the EGRRCPA and other laws are subject to further rulemaking, guidance and interpretation by the applicable federal regulators. The ultimate effects of EGRRCPA and the Tailoring Rules on us and our activities will be subject to any additional rule making issued by the FRB and other federal regulators. We will continue to evaluate the impact of any changes in law and any new regulations promulgated, including changes

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 10

in regulatory costs and fees, modifications to consumer products or disclosures required by the CFPB and the requirements of the enhanced supervision provisions, among others.
Financial Holding Company Regulation
The Bank Holding Company Act generally restricts bank holding companies from engaging in business activities other than banking, managing or controlling banks, furnishing services to or performing services for subsidiaries and activities that the FRB has determined to be closely related to banking. For so long as they continue to meet the eligibility requirements for financial holding company status, financial holding companies may engage in a broader range of activities, including securities underwriting and dealing, insurance underwriting and brokerage, merchant banking and other activities that are determined by the FRB, in coordination with the Treasury Department, to be “financial in nature or incidental thereto” or that the FRB determines unilaterally to be “complementary” to financial activities. In addition, a financial holding company may conduct permissible new financial activities or acquire permissible non-bank financial companies with after-the-fact notice to the FRB.
As noted above, we currently have elected to be treated as a financial holding company under amendments to the Bank Holding Company Act as effected by GLBA. To maintain financial holding company status, a financial holding company and all of its insured depository institution subsidiaries must remain well capitalized and well managed (as described below under “Federal Deposit Insurance Act”), and maintain a CRA rating of at least “Satisfactory” (see “Community Reinvestment Act Requirements” below). If a financial holding company ceases to meet the capital and management requirements, the FRB’s regulations provide that the financial holding company must enter into an agreement with the FRB to comply with all applicable capital and management requirements. Until the financial holding company returns to compliance, the FRB may impose limitations or conditions on the conduct of its activities, and the company may not commence any of the broader financial activities permissible for financial holding companies or acquire a company engaged in such financial activities without prior approval of the FRB. In addition, the failure to meet such requirements could result in other material restrictions on the activities of the financial holding company, may also adversely affect the financial holding company’s ability to enter into certain transactions, including acquisition transactions, or obtain necessary approvals in connection therewith, and may result in the bank holding company losing financial holding company status. Any restrictions imposed on our activities by the FRB may not necessarily be made known to the public. If the company does not return to compliance within 180 days, which period may be extended, the FRB may require the financial holding company to divest its subsidiary depository institutions or to discontinue or divest investments in companies engaged in activities permissible only for a bank holding company electing to be treated as a financial holding company. If any insured depository institution subsidiary of a financial holding company fails to maintain a CRA rating of at least “Satisfactory,” the financial holding company would be subject to restrictions on certain new activities and acquisitions. Bank holding companies and banks must also be both well capitalized and well managed in order to acquire banks located outside their home state.
Capital
The U.S. Basel III rules apply to us. These rules establish risk-based and leverage capital requirements. The risk-based requirements are based on a banking organization’s risk-weighted assets, also known as RWA, which reflect the organization’s on- and off-balance sheet exposures, subject to risk weights. The leverage requirements are based on a banking organization’s average consolidated on-balance sheet assets. For more detail on our regulatory capital, see the “Capital and Regulatory Matters” section of Item 7.
We calculate RWA using the standardized approach and have made the one-time election to opt-out of AOCI. As a result, we are not required to recognize in regulatory capital the impacts of net unrealized gains and losses included within AOCI for debt securities that are available for sale or held to maturity, accumulated net gains and losses on cash flow hedges and certain defined benefit pension plan assets.
Under the U.S. Basel III rules, the minimum capital ratios are:
•4.5% CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets;
•6.0% tier 1 capital (that is, CET1 capital plus additional tier 1 capital) to risk-weighted assets;
•8.0% total capital (that is, tier 1 capital plus tier 2 capital) to risk-weighted assets; and

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 11

•
4.0% tier 1 capital to total average consolidated assets as defined under U.S. Basel III Standardized approach (known as the “leverage ratio”).

The U.S. Basel III rules also impose a capital conservation buffer (“CCB”) of 2.5% on top of each of the three minimum risk-weighted asset ratios listed above. Banking institutions that fail to meet the effective minimum ratios with the CCB taken into account will be subject to constraints on capital distributions, including dividends and share repurchases, and certain discretionary executive compensation. The severity of the constraints depends on the amount of the shortfall and the institution’s “eligible retained income”, defined as four quarter trailing net income, net of distributions and tax effects not reflected in net income. For more details, see the “Capital and Regulatory Matters” section of Item 7.
In April 2018, the FRB issued a proposal designed to create a single, integrated capital requirement by combining the quantitative assessment of firms’ capital plans with the CCB requirement. Details of this proposal are discussed under “—Capital Planning and Stress Testing Requirements” below. Although the proposal, if adopted, would change the way in which the minimum capital ratios are calculated, firms would continue to be subject to progressively more stringent constraints on capital actions as they approach the minimum ratios.
We are also subject to the FRB's risk-based capital requirements for market risk. See the “Market Risk” section of Item 7.
In July 2019, the FRB and the other federal banking regulators issued a final rule to simplify regulatory capital treatment for MSRs, certain DTAs and significant investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions, pursuant to EGRRCPA. Effective for us on April 1, 2020, the final rule will change the individual CET1 deduction threshold for these assets from 10% to 25%, eliminate the aggregate deduction threshold for these assets of 15%, assign a 250% risk weight for any MSRs or DTAs not deducted from CET1 capital, and assign an exposure category risk weight for investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions not deducted from CET1 capital.
Liquidity Requirements
The Federal banking regulators have adopted the Basel III-based U.S. LCR rule, which is a quantitative liquidity metric designed to ensure that a covered bank or bank holding company maintains an adequate level of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets to cover expected net cash outflows over a 30-day time horizon under an acute liquidity stress scenario. As noted above, under the Tailoring Rules, Category IV firms with less than $50 billion in wSTWF, including us, are no longer subject to any LCR requirement.
The Basel III framework also includes a second liquidity standard, the NSFR, which is designed to promote more medium- and long-term funding of the assets and activities of banks over a one-year time horizon. In May 2016, the federal banking regulators issued a proposed rule that would implement the NSFR for large U.S. banking organizations. Under the 2016 proposal, bank holding companies with $50 billion or more in total consolidated assets but that are not advanced approaches bank holding companies, including us, would have been subject to a modified, less stringent NSFR requirement. Although the NSFR has not been finalized, it is expected that the framework for applying any finalized NSFR will be consistent with the approach for the LCR requirement under the Tailoring Rules.
Finally, per the liquidity rules included in the FRB’s enhanced prudential standards adopted pursuant to Section 165 of the Dodd-Frank Act (referred to above under “—Tailoring of Prudential Requirements”), we are also required to maintain a buffer of highly liquid assets based on projected funding needs for 30 days. Under the Tailoring Rules, the liquidity buffer requirements continue to apply to Category IV firms, such as us, and remain subject to liquidity risk management requirements. However, these requirements are now tailored such that we required to:
i.calculate collateral positions monthly, as opposed to weekly;
ii.establish a more limited set of liquidity risk limits than was previously required; and
iii.monitor fewer elements of intraday liquidity risk exposures than were previously monitored.
We are also now subject to liquidity stress testing quarterly, rather than monthly, and are required to report liquidity data on a monthly basis.
     Capital Planning and Stress Testing Requirements
Under the final Tailoring Rules implementing the EGRRCPA, Category IV firms with $100 billion to $250 billion in total assets, including us, are no longer required to conduct and publicly disclose results of the company-run stress tests and are subject to supervisory stress testing on a two-year rather than an annual basis. Category IV firms continue to be subject to the requirement to submit an annual capital plan that must be reviewed and approved

 
 
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by the firm’s Board of Directors (or one of its committees) at least annually, as well as FR Y-14 reporting requirements. In connection with the final Tailoring Rules, the FRB noted that it intends to propose changes to the capital plan rule, including providing firms subject to Category IV standards additional flexibility to develop their annual plans.
In February 2019, the FRB provided relief to a number of BHCs with assets between $100 billion and $250 billion in assets, including us, from certain regulatory requirements related to supervisory stress testing and company-run stress testing, and related disclosure requirements for the 2019 stress test cycle. As a result, we were not required to participate in the supervisory stress test or CCAR, conduct company-run stress tests, or submit a capital plan to the FRB for 2019. As required, we submitted our planned capital actions for the period beginning July 1, 2019 and ending June 30, 2020 to the FRB. Consistent with the FRB authorization, our planned capital actions for the four quarters ending June 30, 2020 are largely based on the results for our 2018 supervisory stress test, adjusted for any changes in our regulatory capital ratios since the FRB acted on our 2018 capital plan. We are required to submit a capital plan to the FRB on or before April 5, 2020.
As noted above, the FRB’s April 2018 proposal to create a single, integrated capital requirement by combining the quantitative assessment of CCAR with the CCB requirement would, if adopted, replace the current static 2.5% CCB with a firm-specific stress capital buffer (“SCB”) requirement. The SCB, subject to a minimum of 2.5%, would reflect stressed losses in the supervisory severely adverse scenario of the FRB’s supervisory stress tests and would also include four quarters of planned common stock dividends. The proposal would also introduce a stress leverage buffer (“SLB”) requirement, similar to the SCB, which would apply to the Tier 1 leverage ratio. In addition, the proposal would eliminate the quantitative objection provisions of CCAR but would require a bank holding company to reduce its planned capital distributions if those distributions would not be consistent with the applicable capital buffer constraints based on the bank holding company’s own baseline scenario projections. The FRB is reconsidering several aspects of the SCB proposal, including the four-quarter dividend add-on, the SLB requirement, year-to-year volatility and alignment with the two-year supervisory stress testing cycle for Category IV bank holding companies. As is currently the case, under the proposal, a bank holding company subject to CCAR would generally not be permitted to exceed the capital distributions reflected in its capital plan either on a gross basis or net of capital issuances without prior approval of the FRB.
Resolution Planning
Under Section 165 of the Dodd-Frank Act, as amended by EGRRCPA, certain bank holding companies must submit a periodic resolution plan to the FRB and FDIC providing for the company’s strategy for rapid and orderly resolution in the event of its material financial distress or failure. We submitted our most recent resolution plan to the FRB and FDIC in December 2016. However, in October 2019, in connection with the release of the Tailoring Rules, the FRB and FDIC issued final rules which adjusted the scope and applicability of the agencies’ resolution planning requirements. Under these new rules, Category IV bank holding companies, such as us, are no longer required to submit resolution plans.
The FDIC has separately implemented a resolution planning rule that currently requires insured depository institutions of $50 billion or more in total assets, such as CBNA, to periodically submit a resolution plan. In April 2019, the FDIC released an advance notice of proposed rulemaking regarding potential changes to its resolution planning requirements for insured depository institutions, such as CBNA, and the next round of insured depository institution resolution plan submissions will not be required until the rulemaking process is complete. CBNA submitted its most recent resolution plan to the FDIC in July 2018.
Standards for Safety and Soundness
The FDIA requires the FRB, OCC and FDIC to prescribe operational and managerial standards for all insured depository institutions, including CBNA. The agencies have adopted regulations and interagency guidelines that set forth the safety and soundness standards used to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. If an agency determines that a bank fails to satisfy any standard, it may require the bank to submit an acceptable plan to achieve compliance, consistent with deadlines for the submission and review of such safety and soundness compliance plans. If, after being notified to submit a compliance plan, an institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan or fails in any material respect to implement an acceptable compliance plan, the agency must issue an order directing action to correct the deficiency and may issue an order directing other actions of the types to which an undercapitalized institution is subject under the FDIA. See “Federal Deposit Insurance Act” below. If an institution fails to comply with such an order, the agency may seek to enforce such order in judicial proceedings and to impose civil money penalties.

 
 
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Federal Deposit Insurance Act
The FDIA requires, among other things, that the federal banking regulators take “prompt corrective action” with respect to depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements, as described above in “Capital.” The FDIA sets forth the following five capital categories: “well-capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” and “critically undercapitalized.” A depository institution’s capital category depends upon how its capital levels compare with various relevant capital measures and certain other factors that are established by regulation. The federal banking regulators must take certain mandatory supervisory actions, and are authorized to take other discretionary actions, with respect to institutions that are undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized, with the actions becoming more restrictive and punitive the lower the institution’s capital category. Under existing rules, an institution that is not an advanced approaches institution is deemed to be “well capitalized” if it has a CET1 ratio of at least 6.5%, a tier 1 capital ratio of at least 8%, a total capital ratio of at least 10%, and a tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5%.
The FDIA’s prompt corrective action provisions only apply to depository institutions and not to bank holding companies. The FRB’s regulations applicable to bank holding companies separately define “well capitalized” for bank holding companies to require maintaining a tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6% and a total capital ratio of at least 10%. As described above under “—Financial Holding Company Regulation”, a financial holding company that is not well-capitalized and well-managed (or whose bank subsidiaries are not well capitalized and well managed) under applicable prompt corrective action standards may be restricted in certain of its activities and ultimately may lose financial holding company status. As of December 31, 2019, the Parent Company and CBNA were well-capitalized.
The FDIA prohibits insured banks from accepting brokered deposits or offering interest rates on any deposits significantly higher than the prevailing rate in the bank’s normal market area or nationally (depending upon where the deposits are solicited), unless it is “well-capitalized,” or it is “adequately capitalized” and receives a waiver from the FDIC. A bank that is “adequately capitalized” and that accepts brokered deposits under a waiver from the FDIC may not pay an interest rate on any deposit in excess of 75 basis points over certain prevailing market rates. The FDIA imposes no such restrictions on a bank that is “well-capitalized.”
Deposit Insurance
The FDIA requires CBNA to pay deposit insurance assessments. FDIC assessment rates for large institutions are calculated based on one of two scorecards. One for most large institutions that have more than $10 billion in assets and another for “highly complex” institutions that have over $50 billion in assets and are fully owned by a parent with over $500 billion in assets. Each scorecard has a performance score and a loss-severity score that are combined to produce a total score, which is translated into an initial assessment rate. In calculating these scores, the FDIC utilizes the CAMELS ratings and forward-looking financial measures to assess an institution’s ability to withstand asset-related stress and funding-related stress. The FDIC has the ability to make discretionary adjustments to the total score, based upon significant risk factors that are not adequately captured in the scorecard. The total score is then translated to an initial base assessment rate on a non-linear, sharply-increasing scale.
The deposit insurance assessment is calculated based on average consolidated total assets less average tangible equity of the insured depository institution during the assessment period. Deposit insurance assessments are also affected by the minimum reserve ratio with respect to the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”). The FDIA established a minimum reserve ratio of the DIF of 1.15% prior to September 2020 and 1.35% thereafter. As of September 30, 2019, the reserve ratio of the DIF reached 1.41%.
Dividends
Various federal statutory provisions and regulations, as well as regulatory expectations, limit the amount of dividends that we and our subsidiaries may pay.
Our payment of dividends to our stockholders is subject to the oversight of the FRB. In particular, the FRB reviews the dividend policies and share repurchases of a large bank holding company based on capital plans submitted as part of the CCAR process and on the results of stress tests, as discussed above. In addition to other limitations, our ability to make any capital distributions (including dividends and share repurchases) is contingent on the FRB’s non-objection to such planned distributions included in our submitted capital plan or the FRB’s authorization to make distributions if we are exempt from the requirement to submit a capital plan. See “—Capital” and “—Capital Planning and Stress Testing Requirements” above.
Dividends payable by CBNA, as a national bank subsidiary, are limited to the lesser of the amount calculated under a “recent earnings” test and an “undivided profits” test. Under the recent earnings test, a dividend may not be paid if the total of all dividends declared by a bank in any calendar year is in excess of the current year’s net

 
 
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income combined with the retained net income of the two preceding years, less any required transfers to surplus, unless the national bank obtains the approval of the OCC. Under the undivided profits test, a dividend may not be paid in excess of the entity’s “undivided profits” (generally, accumulated net profits that have not been paid out as dividends or transferred to surplus). Federal bank regulatory agencies have issued policy statements that provide that FDIC-insured depository institutions and their holding companies should generally pay dividends only out of their current operating earnings.
Support of Subsidiary Bank
Under Section 616 of the Dodd-Frank Act, which codifies the FRB’s long-standing “source of strength” doctrine, the Parent Company must serve as a source of financial and managerial strength for our depository institution subsidiary. The statute defines “source of financial strength” as the ability to provide financial assistance in the event of the financial distress at the insured depository institution. The FRB may require that the Parent Company provide such support at times even when the Parent Company may not have the financial resources to do so, or when doing so may not serve our interests or those of our shareholders or creditors. In addition, any capital loans by a bank holding company to its subsidiary bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of such subsidiary bank. In the event of a bank holding company’s bankruptcy, any commitment by the bank holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to a priority of payment.
Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders
Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and related FRB rules, including Regulation W, restrict CBNA from extending credit to, or engaging in certain other transactions with, the Parent Company and its non-bank subsidiaries. These restrictions place limits on certain specified “covered transactions” between bank subsidiaries and their affiliates, which must be limited to 10% of a bank’s capital and surplus for any one affiliate and 20% for all affiliates. Furthermore, within the foregoing limitations as to amount, certain covered transactions must meet specified collateral requirements ranging from 100% to 130%. Covered transactions are defined to include, among other things, a loan or extension of credit, as well as a purchase of securities issued by an affiliate, a purchase of assets (unless otherwise exempted by the FRB) from the affiliate, the acceptance of securities issued by the affiliate as collateral for a loan, derivatives transactions and securities lending transactions where the bank has credit exposure to an affiliate, and the issuance of a guarantee, acceptance or letter of credit on behalf of an affiliate. All covered transactions, including certain additional transactions (such as transactions with a third party in which an affiliate has a financial interest), must be conducted on market terms. The FRB enforces these restrictions and we are audited for compliance.
Section 23B prohibits an institution from engaging in certain transactions with affiliates unless the transactions are on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to the bank, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with non-affiliated companies. Transactions between a bank and any of its subsidiaries that are engaged in certain financial activities may be subject to the affiliated transaction limits. The FRB also may designate banking subsidiaries as affiliates.
Pursuant to FRB Regulation O, we are also subject to quantitative restrictions on extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, principal stockholders and their related interests. In general, such extensions of credit may not exceed certain dollar limitations, must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with third parties and must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. Certain extensions of credit also require the approval of our Board.

 
 
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Volcker Rule
The Dodd-Frank Act prohibits banks and their affiliates from engaging in proprietary trading and investing in, sponsoring and having certain relationships with private funds such as hedge funds or private equity funds that would be an investment company for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940 but for the exclusions in sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of that act, both subject to certain limited exceptions. The statutory provision is commonly called the “Volcker Rule.” The regulations implementing the Volcker Rule, jointly issued by the FRB, OCC, FDIC, the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), require that large bank holding companies design and implement compliance programs to ensure adherence to the Volcker Rule’s prohibitions. Maintenance and monitoring of the required compliance program requires the expenditure of resources and management attention. In October 2019, the FRB, OCC, FDIC, CFTC and SEC issued final rules that tailor the application of the Volcker Rule based on the size and scope of a banking entity’s trading activities and clarify and amend certain definitions, requirements and exemptions. These regulators have also stated their intention to engage in further rulemaking with respect to the implementing regulations relating to covered funds, including potential changes to the definition of “covered fund” and prohibitions on certain covered transactions.
Consumer Financial Protection Regulations
The retail activities of banks are subject to a variety of statutes and regulations designed to protect consumers and promote lending to various sectors of the economy and population. These laws include, but are not limited to, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Service Members Civil Relief Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Right to Financial Privacy Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, and their respective federal regulations and state law counterparts.
In addition to these federal laws and regulations, the guidance and interpretations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such regulations also influences loan and deposit operations.
The CFPB has broad rulemaking, supervisory, examination and enforcement authority over various consumer financial protection laws, including the laws referenced above, fair lending laws and certain other statutes. The CFPB also has examination and primary enforcement authority with respect to depository institutions with $10 billion or more in assets, including the authority to prevent unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices in connection with the offering of consumer financial products.
The Dodd-Frank Act permits states to adopt stricter consumer protection laws and standards that are more stringent than those adopted at the federal level and in certain circumstances, allows state attorneys general to enforce compliance with both the state and federal laws and regulations. State regulation of financial products and potential enforcement actions could also adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Protection of Customer Personal Information and Cybersecurity
The privacy provisions of GLBA generally prohibit financial institutions, including us, from disclosing nonpublic personal financial information of consumer customers to third parties for certain purposes (primarily marketing) unless customers have the opportunity to opt out of the disclosure. The Fair Credit Reporting Act restricts information sharing among affiliates for marketing purposes. Both the Fair Credit Reporting Act and Regulation V, issued by the FRB, govern the use and provision of information to consumer reporting agencies.
The federal banking regulators regularly issue guidance regarding cybersecurity intended to enhance cyber risk management standards among financial institutions. Financial institutions are expected to design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers’ accessing internet-based services of the financial institution. Further, a financial institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack involving destructive malware. A financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations and address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers fall victim to this type of cyber-attack. If we fail to observe the regulatory guidance, we could be subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial penalties. For a further discussion of risks related to cybersecurity, see Item 1A “Risk Factors.”
In October 2016, federal regulators jointly issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking on enhanced cyber risk management standards that are intended to increase the operational resilience of large and interconnected entities under their supervision. Once established, the enhanced cyber risk management standards would help to

 
 
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reduce the potential impact of a cyber-attack or other cyber-related failure on the financial system. The advance notice of proposed rulemaking addresses five categories of cyber standards:
i.cyber risk governance;
ii.cyber risk management;
iii.internal dependency management;
iv.external dependency management; and
v.incident response, cyber resilience, and situational awareness.
We will continue to monitor any developments related to this proposed rulemaking.
State regulators have also been increasingly active in implementing privacy and cybersecurity standards and regulations. Recently, several states have adopted laws and regulations requiring certain financial institutions to implement cybersecurity programs and providing detailed requirements with respect to these programs, including data encryption requirements. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act, which became effective on January 1, 2020, gives new rights to California residents to require certain businesses to disclose or delete their personal information. In addition, many states have also recently implemented or modified their data breach notification and data privacy requirements. We expect this trend of state-level activity to continue, and are continually monitoring developments in the states in which we operate.
Community Reinvestment Act Requirements
The CRA requires banking regulators to evaluate the Parent Company and CBNA in meeting the credit needs of our local communities, including providing credit to individuals residing in low- and moderate- income neighborhoods. The CRA requires each appropriate federal bank regulatory agency, in connection with its examination of a depository institution, to assess such institution’s record in assessing and meeting the credit needs of the community served by that institution and assign ratings. The regulatory agency’s assessment of the institution’s record is made available to the public. These evaluations are also considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions and applications to open a branch or facility and, in the case of a bank holding company that has elected financial holding company status, a CRA rating of at least “satisfactory” is required to commence certain new financial activities or to acquire a company engaged in such activities. CBNA received a rating of “outstanding” in our most recent CRA evaluation.
In December 2019, the OCC and FDIC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking intended to clarify which activities qualify for CRA credit, update where activities count for CRA credit, create a more transparent and objective method for measuring CRA performance and provide for more transparent, consistent, and timely CRA-related data collection, recordkeeping, and reporting. We will continue to evaluate the impact of any changes to the regulations implementing the CRA.
Compensation
Our compensation practices are subject to oversight by the FRB and the OCC. The federal banking regulators have issued guidance designed to ensure that incentive compensation arrangements at banking organizations take into account risk and are consistent with safe and sound practices. The guidance sets forth the following three key principles with respect to incentive compensation arrangements:
i.
the arrangements should provide employees with incentives that appropriately balance risk and financial results in a manner that does not encourage employees to expose their organizations to imprudent risk;
ii.
the arrangements should be compatible with effective controls and risk management; and
iii.
the arrangements should be supported by strong corporate governance.
The guidance provides that supervisory findings with respect to incentive compensation will be incorporated, as appropriate, into the organization’s supervisory ratings.

 
 
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The U.S. financial regulators, including the FRB, the OCC and the SEC, jointly proposed regulations in 2011 and again in 2016 to implement the incentive compensation requirements of Section 956 of the Dodd-Frank Act. These regulations have not been finalized.
Anti-Money Laundering
The USA PATRIOT Act, enacted in 2001 and renewed in 2006, substantially broadened the scope of U.S. anti-money laundering laws and regulations by imposing significant new compliance and due diligence obligations, creating new crimes and penalties and expanding the extra-territorial jurisdiction of the United States. Institutions must maintain anti-money laundering programs that include established internal policies, procedures and controls; a designated compliance officer; an ongoing employee training program; and testing of the program by an independent audit function. We are prohibited from entering into specified financial transactions and account relationships and must meet enhanced standards for due diligence in dealings with foreign financial institutions and foreign customers. We also must take reasonable steps to conduct enhanced scrutiny of account relationships to guard against money laundering and to report any suspicious transactions. Recent laws provide law enforcement authorities with increased access to financial information maintained by banks.
The USA PATRIOT Act also provides for the facilitation of information sharing among governmental entities and financial institutions for the purpose of combating terrorism and money laundering. The statute also creates enhanced information collection tools and enforcement mechanics for the U.S. government, including requiring standards for verifying customer identification at account opening, promulgating rules to promote cooperation among financial institutions, regulators and law enforcement entities in identifying parties that may be involved in terrorism or money laundering, requiring reports by non-financial trades and businesses filed with the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) for transactions exceeding $10,000 and mandating the filing of suspicious activities reports if a bank believes a customer may be violating U.S. laws and regulations. The statute also requires enhanced due diligence requirements for financial institutions that administer, maintain or manage private bank accounts or correspondent accounts for non-U.S. persons. Bank regulators routinely examine institutions for compliance with these obligations and are required to consider compliance in connection with the regulatory review of applications.
FinCEN drafts regulations implementing the USA PATRIOT Act and other anti-money laundering and Bank Secrecy Act legislation. FinCEN has adopted rules that require financial institutions to obtain beneficial ownership information with respect to legal entities with which such institutions conduct business, subject to certain exclusions and exemptions. Bank regulators are focusing their examinations on anti-money laundering compliance, and we continue to monitor and augment, where necessary, our anti-money laundering compliance programs.
Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation
The U.S. has imposed economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals and others. These are typically known as the “OFAC” rules based on their administration by the U.S. Treasury Department Office of Foreign Assets Control. The OFAC-administered sanctions targeting countries take many different forms. Generally, they contain one or more of the following elements:
i.
restrictions on trade with or investment in a sanctioned country, including prohibitions against direct or indirect imports from and exports to a sanctioned country and prohibitions on U.S. persons engaging in financial transactions relating to, making investments in, or providing investment-related advice or assistance to, a sanctioned country; and
ii.
a blocking of assets in which the government or specially designated nationals of the sanctioned country have an interest, by prohibiting transfers of property subject to U.S. jurisdiction (including property in the possession or control of U.S. persons). Blocked assets (e.g., property and bank deposits) cannot be paid out, withdrawn, set off or transferred in any manner without a license from OFAC.
OFAC publishes, and routinely updates, lists of names of persons and organizations suspected of aiding, harboring or engaging in terrorist acts, including the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons. We are responsible for, among other things, blocking accounts of and transactions with, such targets and countries, prohibiting unlicensed trade and financial transactions with them and reporting blocked transactions after their occurrence. If we find a name on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list, we must freeze such account, file a suspicious activity report and notify the appropriate authorities. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences.

 
 
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Regulation of Broker-Dealers
Our subsidiary CCMI is a registered broker-dealer with the SEC and subject to regulation and examination by the SEC as well as FINRA and other self-regulatory organizations. These regulations cover a broad range of issues, including capital requirements; sales and trading practices; use of client funds and securities; the conduct of directors, officers and employees; record-keeping and recording; supervisory procedures to prevent improper trading on material non-public information; qualification and licensing of sales personnel; and limitations on the extension of credit in securities transactions. In addition to federal registration, state securities commissions require the registration of certain broker-dealers.
Heightened Risk Governance Standards
CBNA is subject to OCC guidelines imposing heightened risk governance standards on large national banks with average total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more. The guidelines set forth minimum standards for the design and implementation of a bank’s risk governance framework, and minimum standards for oversight of that framework by a bank’s board of directors. The guidelines are intended to protect the safety and soundness of covered banks and improve bank examiners’ ability to assess compliance with the OCC’s expectations. Under the guidelines, a bank may use its parent company’s risk governance framework if the framework meets the minimum standards, the risk profiles of the parent company and the covered bank are substantially the same, and certain other conditions are met. CBNA has elected to use the Parent Company’s risk governance framework. A bank’s board of directors is required to have two members who are independent of the bank and parent company management. A bank’s board of directors is responsible for ensuring that the risk governance framework meets the standards in the guidelines, providing active oversight and a credible challenge to management’s recommendations and decisions and ensuring that the parent company decisions do not jeopardize the safety and soundness of the bank.
 Intellectual Property
In the highly competitive banking industry in which we operate, trademarks, service marks, trade names and logos are important to the success of our business. We own and license a variety of trademarks, service marks, trade names, logos and pending registrations and are spending significant resources to develop our stand-alone brands.
 Employees
As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately 18,000 full-time equivalent employees. None of our employees are parties to a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good and have not experienced interruptions of operations due to labor disagreements.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are subject to a number of risks potentially impacting our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. As we are a financial services organization, certain elements of risk are inherent in our transactions and operations and are present in the business decisions we make. We, therefore, encounter risk as part of the normal course of our business and we design risk management processes to help manage these risks. Our success is dependent on our ability to identify, understand and manage the risks presented by our business activities so that we can appropriately balance revenue generation and profitability. These risks include, but are not limited to, credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, model risk, technology, regulatory and legal risk and strategic and reputational risk. We discuss our principal risk management processes and, in appropriate places, related historical performance in the “Risk Governance” section in Item 7.
You should carefully consider the following risk factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Other factors that could affect our business, financial condition and results of operation are discussed in the “Forward-Looking Statements” section above. However, there may be additional risks that are not presently material or known, and factors besides those discussed below, or in this or other reports that we file or furnish with the SEC, that could also adversely affect us.
Risks Related to Our Business
We may not be able to successfully execute our business strategy.
Our business strategy is designed to maximize the full potential of our business and drive sustainable growth and enhanced profitability, and our success rests on our ability to maintain a high-performing, customer-centric organization; develop differentiated value propositions to acquire, deepen, and retain core customer segments;

 
 
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build excellent capabilities designed to help us stand out from our competitors; operate with financial discipline and a mindset of continuous improvement to self-fund investments; prudently grow and optimize our balance sheet; modernize our technology and operational models to improve delivery, organizational agility and speed to market; and embed risk management within our culture and our operations. Our future success and the value of our stock will depend, in part, on our ability to effectively implement our business strategy. There are risks and uncertainties, many of which are not within our control, associated with each element of our strategy. If we are not able to successfully execute our business strategy, we may never achieve our financial performance goals and any shortfall may be material. See the “Business Strategy” section in Item 1 for further information.
Supervisory requirements and expectations on us as a financial holding company and a bank holding company and any regulator-imposed limits on our activities could adversely affect our ability to implement our strategic plan, expand our business, continue to improve our financial performance and make capital distributions to our stockholders.
Our operations are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the federal banking agencies (the FRB, the OCC and the FDIC), as well as the CFPB. As part of the supervisory and examination process, if we are unsuccessful in meeting the supervisory requirements and expectations that apply to us, regulatory agencies may from time to time take supervisory actions against us that may not be publicly disclosed. Such actions may include restrictions on our activities or the activities of our subsidiaries, informal (nonpublic) or formal (public) supervisory actions or public enforcement actions, including the payment of civil money penalties, which could increase our costs and limit our ability to implement our strategic plans and expand our business, and as a result could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. See the “Regulation and Supervision” section in Item 1 for further information.
Changes in interest rates may have an adverse effect on our profitability.
Net interest income historically has been, and we anticipate that it will remain, a significant component of our total revenue. This is due to the fact that a high percentage of our assets and liabilities have been and will likely continue to be in the form of interest-bearing or interest-related instruments. Changes in interest rates can have a material effect on many areas of our business, including net interest income, deposit costs, loan volume and delinquency, and the value of our mortgage servicing rights. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Open Market Committee. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest we receive on loans and securities and the amount of interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, but such changes could also affect our ability to originate loans and obtain deposits and the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities. If the interest rates on our interest-bearing liabilities increase at a faster pace than the interest rates on our interest earning assets, our net interest income may decline and, with it, a decline in our earnings may occur. Our net interest income and our earnings would be similarly affected if the interest rates on our interest earning assets declined at a faster pace than the interest rates on our interest-bearing liabilities.
We cannot control or predict with certainty changes in interest rates. Global, national, regional and local economic conditions, competitive pressures and the policies of regulatory authorities, including monetary policies of the FRB, affect interest income and interest expense. Although we have policies and procedures designed to manage the risks associated with changes in market interest rates, as further discussed under the “Risk Governance” section in Item 7, changes in interest rates still may have an adverse effect on our profitability.
If our ongoing assumptions regarding borrower or depositor behavior or overall economic conditions are significantly different than we anticipate, then our risk mitigation may be insufficient to protect against interest rate risk and our net income would be adversely affected.
Changes in the method pursuant to which the LIBOR and other benchmark rates are calculated and their potential discontinuance could adversely impact our business operations and financial results.
Many of our lending products, securities, derivatives, and other financial transactions utilize a benchmark rate, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), to determine the applicable interest rate or payment amount. In July 2017, the Chief Executive of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that the FCA intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. This announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021. In late 2018,

 
 
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we formed a LIBOR Transition Program designed to guide the organization through the potential discontinuation of LIBOR.
The discontinuation of a benchmark rate, changes in a benchmark rate, or changes in market perceptions of the acceptability of a benchmark rate, including LIBOR, could, among other things, adversely affect the value of and return on certain of our financial instruments or products, result in changes to our risk exposures, or require renegotiation of previous transactions. In addition, any such discontinuation or changes, whether actual or anticipated, could result in market volatility, adverse tax or accounting effects, increased compliance, legal and operational costs, and risks associated with customer disclosures and contract negotiations. The transition to using a new rate could also expose us to risks associated with disputes with customers and other market participants in connection with interpreting and implementing LIBOR fallback provisions.
Various regulators, industry bodies and other market participants in the U.S. and other countries are engaged in initiatives to develop, introduce and encourage the use of alternative rates to replace certain benchmarks. Despite progress made to date by regulators and industry participants, such as us, to prepare for the anticipated discontinuation of LIBOR, significant uncertainties still remain. Such uncertainties relate to, for example, whether replacement benchmark rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR for different types of transactions and financial instruments, how the terms of any transaction or financial instrument may be adjusted to account for differences between LIBOR and any alternative rate selected, how any replacement would be implemented across the industry, and the effect any changes in industry views or movement to alternative benchmarks would have on the markets for LIBOR-linked financial instruments.
We could fail to attract, retain or motivate highly skilled and qualified personnel, including our senior management, other key employees or members of our Board, which could impair our ability to successfully execute our strategic plan and otherwise adversely affect our business.
A cornerstone of our strategic plan involves the hiring of highly skilled and qualified personnel. Accordingly, our ability to implement our strategic plan and our future success depends on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled and qualified personnel, including our senior management and other key employees and directors. The marketplace for skilled personnel is becoming more competitive, which means the cost of hiring, incentivizing and retaining skilled personnel may continue to increase. The failure to attract or retain, including as a result of an untimely death or illness of key personnel, or replace a sufficient number of appropriately skilled and key personnel could place us at a significant competitive disadvantage and prevent us from successfully implementing our strategy, which could impair our ability to implement our strategic plan successfully, achieve our performance targets and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Limitations on the manner in which regulated financial institutions, such as us, can compensate their officers and employees, including those contained in pending rule proposals implementing requirements of Section 956 of the Dodd-Frank Act, may make it more difficult for such institutions to compete for talent with financial institutions and other companies not subject to these or similar limitations. If we are unable to compete effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected, perhaps materially.
Our ability to meet our obligations, and the cost of funds to do so, depend on our ability to access identified sources of liquidity at a reasonable cost.
Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet our obligations, including funding commitments, as they come due. This risk is inherent in our operations and can be heightened by a number of factors, including an over-reliance on a particular source of funding (including, for example, secured FHLB advances), changes in credit ratings or market-wide phenomena such as market dislocation and major disasters. Like many banking groups, our reliance on customer deposits to meet a considerable portion of our funding has grown over recent years, and we continue to seek to increase the proportion of our funding represented by customer deposits. However, these deposits are subject to fluctuation due to certain factors outside our control, such as increasing competitive pressures for retail or corporate customer deposits, changes in interest rates and returns on other investment classes, or a loss of confidence by customers in us or in the banking sector generally which could result in a significant outflow of deposits within a short period of time. To the extent there is heightened competition among U.S. banks for retail customer deposits, this competition may increase the cost of procuring new deposits and/or retaining existing deposits, and otherwise negatively affect our ability to grow our deposit base. An inability to grow, or any material decrease in, our deposits could have a material adverse effect on our ability to satisfy our liquidity needs.
Maintaining a diverse and appropriate funding strategy for our assets consistent with our wider strategic risk appetite and plan remains challenging, and any tightening of credit markets could have a material adverse

 
 
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impact on us. In particular, there is a risk that corporate and financial institution counterparties may seek to reduce their credit exposures to banks and other financial institutions (for example, reductions in unsecured deposits supplied by these counterparties), which may cause funding from these sources to no longer be available. Under these circumstances, we may need to seek funds from alternative sources, potentially at higher costs than has previously been the case, or may be required to consider disposals of other assets not previously identified for disposal, in order to reduce our funding commitments.
A reduction in our credit ratings, which are based on a number of factors, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Credit ratings affect the cost and other terms upon which we are able to obtain funding. Rating agencies regularly evaluate us, and their ratings are based on a number of factors, including our financial strength. Other factors considered by rating agencies include conditions affecting the financial services industry generally. Any downgrade in our ratings would likely increase our borrowing costs, could limit our access to capital markets, and otherwise adversely affect our business. For example, a ratings downgrade could adversely affect our ability to sell or market certain of our securities, including long-term debt, engage in certain longer-term derivatives transactions and retain our customers, particularly corporate customers who may require a minimum rating threshold in order to place funds with us. In addition, under the terms of certain of our derivatives contracts, we may be required to maintain a minimum credit rating or have to post additional collateral or terminate such contracts. Any of these results of a rating downgrade could increase our cost of funding, reduce our liquidity and have adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our financial performance may be adversely affected by deterioration in borrower credit quality, particularly in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions, where our operations are concentrated.
We have exposure to many different industries and risks arising from actual or perceived changes in credit quality and uncertainty over the recoverability of amounts due from borrowers is inherent in our businesses. Our exposure may be exacerbated by the geographic concentration of our operations, which are predominately located in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions. The credit quality of our borrowers may deteriorate for a number of reasons that are outside our control, including as a result of prevailing economic and market conditions and asset valuation. The trends and risks affecting borrower credit quality, particularly in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions, have caused, and in the future may cause, us to experience impairment charges, increased repurchase demands, higher costs, additional write-downs and losses and an inability to engage in routine funding transactions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our framework for managing risks may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss.
Our risk management framework is made up of various processes and strategies to manage our risk exposure. The framework to manage risk, including the framework’s underlying assumptions, may not be effective under all conditions and circumstances. If the risk management framework proves ineffective, we could suffer unexpected losses and could be materially adversely affected.
One of the main types of risks inherent in our business is credit risk. An important feature of our credit risk management system is to employ an internal credit risk control system through which we identify, measure, monitor and mitigate existing and emerging credit risk of our customers. As this process involves detailed analyses of the customer or credit risk, taking into account both quantitative and qualitative factors, it is subject to human error. In exercising their judgment, our employees may not always be able to assign an accurate credit rating to a customer or credit risk, which may result in our exposure to higher credit risks than indicated by our risk rating system.
In addition, we have undertaken certain actions to enhance our credit policies and guidelines to address potential risks associated with particular industries or types of customers, as discussed in more detail under the “Risk Governance” and “Market Risk” sections in Item 7. However, we may not be able to effectively implement these initiatives, or consistently follow and refine our credit risk management system. If any of the foregoing were to occur, it may result in an increase in the level of nonperforming loans and a higher risk exposure for us, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

 
 
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Changes in our accounting policies or in accounting standards could materially affect how we report our financial results and condition.
From time to time, the FASB and SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can be operationally complex to implement and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. For example, in June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“CECL”), that, effective January 1, 2020, substantially changed the accounting for credit losses on loans and other financial assets held by banks, financial institutions and other organizations. The standard replaces existing incurred loss impairment guidance and establishes a single allowance framework for financial assets carried at amortized cost. Upon adoption of CECL, companies must recognize credit losses on these assets equal to management’s estimate of credit losses over the full remaining expected life. Companies must consider all relevant information when estimating expected credit losses, including details about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In December 2018, the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC released a final rule to revise their regulatory capital rules to address this upcoming change to the treatment of credit expense and allowances. The final rule provides an optional three-year phase-in period for the day-one adverse regulatory capital effects upon adopting the standard. We adopted the standard on January 1, 2020, and elected to phase in the impact of the standard over a three-year period. The standard could introduce heightened volatility in provision for credit losses, given uncertainty in the accuracy of macroeconomic forecasts over longer time horizons, variances in the rate and composition of loan growth, changes in overall loan portfolio size and mix. As a result, following adoption, it is possible that our ongoing reported earnings and lending activity could be negatively impacted. For more information regarding CECL, see Note 1 in Item 8.
Our financial and accounting estimates and risk management framework rely on analytical forecasting and models.
The processes we use to estimate our inherent loan losses and to measure the fair value of financial instruments, as well as the processes used to estimate the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on our financial condition and results of operations, depends upon the use of analytical and forecasting models. Some of our tools and metrics for managing risk are based upon our use of observed historical market behavior. We rely on quantitative models to measure risks and to estimate certain financial values. Models may be used in such processes as determining the pricing of various products, grading loans and extending credit, measuring interest rate and other market risks, predicting losses, assessing capital adequacy and calculating regulatory capital levels, as well as estimating the value of financial instruments and balance sheet items. Poorly designed or implemented models present the risk that our business decisions based on information incorporating such models will be adversely affected due to the inadequacy of that information. Moreover, our models may fail to predict future risk exposures if the information used in the model is incorrect, obsolete or not sufficiently comparable to actual events as they occur. We seek to incorporate appropriate historical data in our models, but the range of market values and behaviors reflected in any period of historical data is not at all times predictive of future developments in any particular period and the period of data we incorporate into our models may turn out to be inappropriate for the future period being modeled. In such case, our ability to manage risk would be limited and our risk exposure and losses could be significantly greater than our models indicated. In addition, if existing or potential customers believe our risk management is inadequate, they could take their business elsewhere. This could harm our reputation as well as our revenues and profits. Finally, information we provide to our regulators based on poorly designed or implemented models could also be inaccurate or misleading. Some of the decisions that our regulators make, including those related to capital distributions to our stockholders, could be affected adversely due to their perception that the quality of the models used to generate the relevant information is insufficient.
The preparation of our financial statements requires the use of estimates that may vary from actual results. Particularly, various factors may cause our ALLL to increase.
The preparation of audited Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make significant estimates that affect the financial statements. Our most critical accounting estimate is the ALLL. The ALLL is a reserve established through a provision for loan and lease losses charged to expense and represents our estimate of incurred but unrealized losses within the existing portfolio of loans. The ALLL is necessary to reserve for estimated loan and lease losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The level of the ALLL reflects our ongoing evaluation of industry concentrations, specific credit risks, loan and lease loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, present economic, political and regulatory conditions and incurred losses inherent in the current loan portfolio.

 
 
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The determination of the appropriate level of the ALLL inherently involves a degree of subjectivity and requires that we make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers, the stagnation of certain economic indicators that we are more susceptible to, such as unemployment and real estate values, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside our control, may require an increase in the ALLL. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our ALLL and may require an increase in the ALLL or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments that can differ from those of our own management. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the ALLL—that is, if the ALLL is inadequate—we will need additional loan and lease loss provisions to increase the ALLL. Should such additional provisions become necessary, they would result in a decrease in net income and capital and may have a material adverse effect on us. For more information regarding our use of estimates in preparation of financial statements, see Note 1 in Item 8 and the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section in Item 7.
Operational risks are inherent in our businesses.
Our operations depend on our ability to process a very large number of transactions efficiently and accurately while complying with applicable laws and regulations. Operational risk and losses can result from internal and external fraud; improper conduct or errors by employees or third parties; failure to document transactions properly or to obtain proper authorization; failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements and conduct of business rules; equipment failures, including those caused by natural disasters or by electrical, telecommunications or other essential utility outages; business continuity and data security system failures, including those caused by computer viruses, cyber-attacks or unforeseen problems encountered while implementing major new computer systems or upgrades to existing systems; or the inadequacy or failure of systems and controls, including those of our suppliers or counterparties. Although we have implemented risk controls and loss mitigation actions, and substantial resources are devoted to developing efficient procedures, identifying and rectifying weaknesses in existing procedures and training staff, it is not possible to be certain that such actions have been or will be effective in controlling each of the operational risks faced by us. Any weakness in these systems or controls, or any breaches or alleged breaches of such laws or regulations, could result in increased regulatory supervision, enforcement actions and other disciplinary action, and have an adverse impact on our business, applicable authorizations and licenses, reputation and results of operations.
The financial services industry, including the banking sector, is undergoing rapid technological changes as a result of competition and changes in the legal and regulatory framework, and we may not be able to compete effectively as a result of these changes.
The financial services industry, including the banking sector, is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. In addition, new, unexpected technological changes could have a disruptive effect on the way banks offer products and services. We believe our success depends, to a great extent, on our ability to address customer needs by using technology to offer products and services that provide convenience to customers and to create additional efficiencies in our operations. However, we may not be able to, among other things, keep up with the rapid pace of technological changes, effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. As a result, our ability to compete effectively to attract or retain new business may be impaired, and our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.
In addition, changes in the legal and regulatory framework under which we operate require us to update our information systems to ensure compliance. Our need to review and evaluate the impact of ongoing rule proposals, final rules and implementation guidance from regulators further complicates the development and implementation of new information systems for our business. Also, recent regulatory guidance has focused on the need for financial institutions to perform increased due diligence and ongoing monitoring of third-party vendor relationships, thus increasing the scope of management involvement and decreasing the efficiency otherwise resulting from our relationships with third-party technology providers. Given the significant number of ongoing regulatory reform initiatives, it is possible that we incur higher than expected information technology costs in order to comply with current and impending regulations. See “—Supervisory requirements and expectations on us as a financial holding company and a bank holding company and any regulator-imposed limits on our activities could adversely affect our ability to implement our strategic plan, expand our business, continue to improve our financial performance and make capital distributions to our stockholders.”

 
 
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We are subject to a variety of cybersecurity risks that, if realized, could adversely affect how we conduct our business.
Information security risks for large financial institutions such as us have increased significantly in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, such as Internet and mobile banking to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists, nation-states, activists and other external parties. Third parties with whom we or our customers do business also present operational and information security risks to us, including security breaches or failures of their own systems. The possibility of employee error, failure to follow security procedures, or malfeasance also presents these risks. Our operations rely on the secure processing, transmission and storage of confidential information in our computer systems and networks. In addition, to access our products and services, our customers may use personal computers, smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices that are beyond our control environment. Although we believe that we have appropriate information security procedures and controls, our technologies, systems, networks and our customers’ devices may be the target of cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of the confidential, and/or proprietary information of CFG, our customers, our vendors, our counterparties, or our employees. We are under continuous threat of loss due to cyber-attacks, especially as we continue to expand customer capabilities to utilize the Internet and other remote channels to transact business. Two of the most significant cyber-attack risks that we face are e-fraud and loss of sensitive customer data. Loss from e-fraud occurs when cybercriminals extract funds directly from customers’ or our accounts using fraudulent schemes that may include Internet-based funds transfers. We have been subject to a number of e-fraud incidents historically. We have also been subject to attempts to steal sensitive customer data, such as account numbers and social security numbers, through unauthorized access to our computer systems including computer hacking. Such attacks are less frequent but could present significant reputational, legal and regulatory costs to us if successful. We have implemented certain technology protections such as Customer Profiling and Set-Up Authentication to be in compliance with the FFIEC Authentication in Internet Banking Environment (“AIBE”) guidelines.
As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our layers of defense or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. System enhancements and updates may also create risks associated with implementing new systems and integrating them with existing ones. Due to the complexity and interconnectedness of information technology systems, the process of enhancing our layers of defense can itself create a risk of systems disruptions and security issues. In addition, addressing certain information security vulnerabilities, such as hardware-based vulnerabilities, may affect the performance of our information technology systems. The ability of our hardware and software providers to deliver patches and updates to mitigate vulnerabilities in a timely manner can introduce additional risks, particularly when a vulnerability is being actively exploited by threat actors.
Despite our efforts to prevent a cyber-attack, a successful cyber-attack could persist for an extended period of time before being detected, and, following detection, it could take considerable time for us to obtain full and reliable information about the cybersecurity incident and the extent, amount and type of information compromised.  During the course of an investigation, we may not necessarily know the full effects of the incident or how to remediate it, and actions and decisions that are taken or made in an effort to mitigate risk may further increase the costs and other negative consequences of the incident.
The techniques used by cyber criminals change frequently, may not be recognized until launched and can be initiated from a variety of sources, including terrorist organizations and hostile foreign governments. These actors may attempt to fraudulently induce employees, customers or other users of our systems to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to data or our systems. In the event that a cyber-attack is successful, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected. For a discussion of the guidance that federal banking regulators have released regarding cybersecurity and cyber risk management standards, see the “Regulation and Supervision” section of Item 1.
We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business.
We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business. Any failure, interruption or breach in security of these systems, including due to hacking or other similar attempts to breach information technology security protocols, could result in failures or disruptions in our customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit, loan and other systems. Although we have established policies and procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of the possible failure, interruption or security breach of our information systems, there can be no assurance that these policies and procedures will be successful and that any such failure, interruption or

 
 
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security breach will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed. The occurrence of any failure, interruption or security breach of our information systems could require us to devote substantial resources (including management time and attention) to recovery and response efforts, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability. Although we maintain insurance coverage for information security events, we may incur losses as a result of such events that are not insured against or not fully covered by our insurance.
We rely on third parties for the performance of a significant portion of our information technology.
We rely on third parties for the performance of a significant portion of our information technology functions and the provision of information technology and business process services. For example, (i) unaffiliated third parties operate data communications networks on which certain components and services relating to our online banking system rely, (ii) third parties host or maintain many of our applications, including our Commercial Loan System, which is hosted and maintained by Automated Financial Systems, Inc., (iii) Fidelity National Information Services, Inc. maintains our core deposits system, and (iv) IBM Corporation provides us with a wide range of information technology support services, including end user, data center, mainframe, storage and database services. The success of our business depends in part on the continuing ability of these (and other) third parties to perform these functions and services in a timely and satisfactory manner, which performance could be disrupted or otherwise adversely affected due to failures or other information security events originating at the third parties or at the third parties’ suppliers or vendors (so-called “fourth party risk”). We may not be able to effectively monitor or mitigate fourth-party risk, in particular as it relates to the use of common suppliers or vendors by the third parties that perform functions and services for us. If we experience a disruption in the provision of any functions or services performed by third parties, we may have difficulty in finding alternate providers on terms favorable to us and in reasonable time frames. If these services are not performed in a satisfactory manner, we would not be able to serve our customers well. In either situation, our business could incur significant costs and be adversely affected.
We are exposed to reputational risk and the risk of damage to our brands and the brands of our affiliates.
Our success and results depend, in part, on our reputation and the strength of our brands. We are vulnerable to adverse market perception as we operate in an industry where integrity, customer trust and confidence are paramount. We are exposed to the risk that litigation, employee misconduct, operational failures, the outcome of regulatory or other investigations or actions, press speculation and negative publicity, among other factors, could damage our brands or reputation. Our brands and reputation could also be harmed if we sell products or services that do not perform as expected or customers’ expectations for the product are not satisfied.
We may be adversely affected by unpredictable catastrophic events or terrorist attacks and our business continuity and disaster recovery plans may not adequately protect us from serious disaster.
The occurrence of catastrophic events such as hurricanes, tropical storms, tornadoes and other large-scale catastrophes and terrorist attacks could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations if a catastrophe rendered both our production data center in Rhode Island and our recovery data center in North Carolina unusable. Although we enhanced our disaster recovery capabilities in 2016 through the completion of the new, out-of-region backup data center in North Carolina, there can be no assurance that our current disaster recovery plans and capabilities will adequately protect us from serious disaster.
Risks Related to Our Industry
Any deterioration in national economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is affected by national economic conditions, as well as perceptions of those conditions and future economic prospects. Changes in such economic conditions are not predictable and cannot be controlled. Adverse economic conditions could require us to charge off a higher percentage of loans and increase the provision for credit losses, which would reduce our net income and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, our business was significantly affected by the global economic and financial crisis that began in 2008. The falling home prices, increased rate of foreclosure and high levels of unemployment in the United States triggered significant write-downs by us and other financial institutions. These write-downs adversely impacted our financial results in material respects. Although the U.S. economy has

 
 
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made a significant recovery, an interruption or reversal of this recovery would adversely affect the financial services industry and banking sector.
We operate in an industry that is highly competitive, which could result in losing business or margin declines and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We operate in a highly competitive industry. The industry could become even more competitive as a result of reform of the financial services industry resulting from the Dodd-Frank Act and other legislative, regulatory and technological changes, as well as continued consolidation. We face aggressive competition from other domestic and foreign lending institutions and from numerous other providers of financial services, including non-banking financial institutions that are not subject to the same regulatory restrictions as banks and bank holding companies, securities firms and insurance companies, and competitors that may have greater financial resources.
With respect to non-banking financial institutions, technology and other changes have lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks. For example, consumers can maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts or mutual funds. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. Some of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations we are and, therefore, may have greater flexibility in competing for business. As a result of these and other sources of competition, we could lose business to competitors or be forced to price products and services on less advantageous terms to retain or attract clients, either of which would adversely affect our profitability.
The conditions of other financial institutions or of the financial services industry could adversely affect our operations and financial conditions.
Financial services institutions are typically interconnected as a result of trading, investment, liquidity management, clearing, counterparty and other relationships. Within the financial services industry, the default by any one institution could lead to defaults by other institutions. Concerns about, or a default by, one institution could lead to significant liquidity problems and losses or defaults by other institutions, as the commercial and financial soundness of many financial institutions are closely related as a result of these credit, trading, clearing and other relationships. Even the perceived lack of creditworthiness of, or questions about, a counterparty may lead to market-wide liquidity problems and losses or defaults by various institutions. This systemic risk may adversely affect financial intermediaries, such as clearing agencies, banks and exchanges with which we interact on a daily basis, or key funding providers such as the FHLBs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our access to liquidity or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Regulations Governing Our Industry
As a financial holding company and a bank holding company, we are subject to comprehensive regulation that could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
As a financial holding company and a bank holding company, we are subject to comprehensive regulation, supervision and examination by the FRB. In addition, CBNA is subject to comprehensive regulation, supervision and examination by the OCC. Our regulators supervise us through regular examinations and other means that allow the regulators to gauge management’s ability to identify, assess and control risk in all areas of operations in a safe and sound manner and to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. In the course of their supervision and examinations, our regulators may require improvements in various areas. If we are unable to implement and maintain any required actions in a timely and effective manner, we could become subject to informal (non-public) or formal (public) supervisory actions and public enforcement orders that could lead to significant restrictions on our existing business or on our ability to engage in any new business. Such forms of supervisory action could include, without limitation, written agreements, cease and desist orders, and consent orders and may, among other things, result in restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, requirements to increase capital, restrictions on our activities, the imposition of civil monetary penalties, and enforcement of such actions through injunctions or restraining orders. We could also be required to dispose of certain assets and liabilities within a prescribed period. The terms of any such supervisory or enforcement action could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 
 
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We are a bank holding company that has elected to become a financial holding company pursuant to the Bank Holding Company Act. Financial holding companies are allowed to engage in certain financial activities in which a bank holding company is not otherwise permitted to engage. However, to maintain financial holding company status, a bank holding company (and all of its depository institution subsidiaries) must be “well capitalized” and “well managed.” If a bank holding company ceases to meet these capital and management requirements, there are many penalties it would be faced with, including the FRB may impose limitations or conditions on the conduct of its activities, and it may not undertake any of the broader financial activities permissible for financial holding companies or acquire a company engaged in such financial activities without prior approval of the FRB. If a company does not return to compliance within 180 days, which period may be extended, the FRB may require divestiture of that company’s depository institutions. To the extent we do not meet the requirements to be a financial holding company in the future, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be unable to disclose some restrictions or limitations on our operations imposed by our regulators.
From time to time, bank regulatory agencies take supervisory actions that restrict or limit a financial institution’s activities and lead it to raise capital or subject it to other requirements. Directives issued to enforce such actions may be confidential and thus, in some instances, we are not permitted to publicly disclose these actions. In addition, as part of our regular examination process, our regulators may advise us to operate under various restrictions as a prudential matter. Any such actions or restrictions, if and in whatever manner imposed, could adversely affect our costs and revenues. Moreover, efforts to comply with any such nonpublic supervisory actions or restrictions may require material investments in additional resources and systems, as well as a significant commitment of managerial time and attention. As a result, such supervisory actions or restrictions, if and in whatever manner imposed, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations; and, in certain instances, we may not be able to publicly disclose these matters.
The regulatory environment in which we operate continues to be subject to significant and evolving regulatory requirements that could have a material adverse effect on our business and earnings.
We are heavily regulated by multiple banking, consumer protection, securities and other regulatory authorities at the federal and state levels. This regulatory oversight is primarily established to protect depositors, the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund, consumers of financial products, and the financial system as a whole, not our security holders. Changes to statutes, regulations, rules or policies, including the interpretation, implementation or enforcement of statutes, regulations, rules or policies, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways, including by, for example, subjecting us to additional costs, limiting the types of financial services and other products we may offer, limiting our ability to pursue acquisitions and increasing the ability of third parties, including non-banks, to offer competing financial services and products. In recent years, we, together with the rest of the financial services industry, have faced particularly intense scrutiny, with many new regulatory initiatives and vigorous oversight and enforcement on the part of numerous regulatory and governmental authorities. Legislatures and regulators have pursued a broad array of initiatives intended to promote the safety and soundness of financial institutions, financial market stability, the transparency and liquidity of financial markets, and consumer and investor protection. Certain regulators and law enforcement authorities have also recently required admissions of wrongdoing and, in some cases, criminal pleas as part of the resolutions of matters brought by them against financial institutions. Any such resolution of a matter involving us could lead to increased exposure to civil litigation, could adversely affect our reputation, could result in penalties or limitations on our ability to do business or engage in certain activities and could have other negative effects. In addition, a single event or issue may give rise to numerous and overlapping investigations and proceedings, including by multiple federal and state regulators and other governmental authorities.
We are also subject to laws and regulations relating to the privacy of the information of our customers, employees, counterparties and others, and any failure to comply with these laws and regulations could expose us to liability and/or reputational damage. As new privacy-related laws and regulations are implemented, the time and resources needed for us to comply with those laws and regulations, as well as our potential liability for non-compliance and our reporting obligations in the case of data breaches, may significantly increase.
While there have been significant revisions to the laws and regulations applicable to us that have been finalized in recent months, there are other rules to implement changes that have yet to be proposed or enacted by our regulators.  The final timing, scope and impact of these changes to the regulatory framework applicable to financial institutions remains uncertain. For more information on the regulations to which we are subject and

 
 
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recent initiatives to reform financial institution regulation, see the “Regulation and Supervision” section in Item 1.
We are subject to capital adequacy and liquidity standards, and if we fail to meet these standards our financial condition and operations would be adversely affected.
We are subject to several capital adequacy and liquidity standards. To the extent that we are unable to meet these standards, our ability to make distributions of capital will be limited and we may be subject to additional supervisory actions and limitations on our activities. See “Regulation and Supervision” in Item 1 and the “Capital and Regulatory Requirements” and “Liquidity” sections in Item 7, for further discussion of the regulations to which we are subject.
The Parent Company could be required to act as a “source of strength” to CBNA, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
FRB policy historically required bank holding companies to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to their subsidiary banks. The Dodd-Frank Act codified this policy as a statutory requirement. This support may be required by the FRB at times when we might otherwise determine not to provide it or when doing so is not otherwise in the interests of CFG or our stockholders or creditors, and may include one or more of the following:
•
The Parent Company may be compelled to contribute capital to CBNA, including by engaging in a public offering to raise such capital. Furthermore, any extensions of credit from the Parent Company to CBNA that are included in CBNA’s capital would be subordinate in right of payment to depositors and certain other indebtedness of CBNA.
•
In the event of a bank holding company’s bankruptcy, any commitment that the bank holding company had been required to make to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment.
•
In the event of impairment of the capital stock of CBNA, the Parent Company, as CBNA’s stockholder, could be required to pay such deficiency.
The Parent Company depends on CBNA for most of its revenue, and restrictions on dividends and other distributions by CBNA could affect its liquidity and ability to fulfill our obligations.
As a bank holding company, the Parent Company is a separate and distinct legal entity from CBNA, our banking subsidiary. The Parent Company typically receives substantially all of our revenue from dividends from CBNA. These dividends are the principal source of funds to pay dividends on our equity and interest and principal on our debt. Various federal and/or state laws and regulations, as well as regulatory expectations, limit the amount of dividends that CBNA may pay to the Parent Company. Also, our right to participate in a distribution of assets upon a subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors. In the event CBNA is unable to pay dividends to the Parent Company, it may not be able to service debt, pay obligations or pay dividends on its common stock. The inability to receive dividends from CBNA could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See the “Supervision and Regulation” section in Item 1 and the “Capital and Regulatory Matters” section in Item 7.
From time-to-time, we may become or are subject to regulatory actions that may have a material impact on our business.
We may become or are involved, from time to time, in reviews, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal) by governmental and self-regulatory agencies regarding our business. These regulatory actions involve, among other matters, accounting, compliance and operational matters, certain of which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief that may require changes to our business or otherwise materially impact our business.
In regulatory actions, such as those referred to above, it is inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable or whether it is possible to reasonably estimate the amount of any loss. We cannot predict with certainty if, how or when such proceedings will be resolved or what the eventual fine, penalty or other relief, conditions or restrictions, if any, may be, particularly for actions that are in their early stages of investigation. The Parent Company may be required to make significant restitution payments to CBNA customers arising from certain compliance issues and also may be required to pay civil money penalties in connection with certain of these issues. This uncertainty makes it difficult to estimate probable losses, which, in turn, can lead to substantial disparities between the reserves we may establish for such proceedings and the eventual settlements, fines, or penalties.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 29

Adverse regulatory actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are and may be subject to litigation that may have a material impact on our business.
Our operations are diverse and complex and we operate in legal and regulatory environments that expose us to potentially significant litigation risk. In the normal course of business, we have been named, from time to time, as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation, arising in connection with our activities as a financial services institution, including with respect to alleged unfair or deceptive business practices and mis-selling of certain products. Certain of the actual or threatened legal actions include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. In some cases, the entities that would otherwise be the primary defendants in such cases are bankrupt or in financial distress. Moreover, a number of recent judicial decisions have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories, collectively termed “lender liability.” Generally, lender liability is founded on the premise that a lender has either violated a duty, whether implied or contractual, of good faith and fair dealing owed to the borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or stockholders. This could increase the amount of private litigation to which we are subject. For more information regarding ongoing significant legal proceedings in which we may be involved, see Note 18 in Item 8.
Compliance with anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing rules involve significant cost and effort.
We are subject to rules and regulations regarding money laundering and the financing of terrorism. Monitoring compliance with anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing rules can put a significant financial burden on banks and other financial institutions and poses significant technical challenges. Although we believe our current policies and procedures are sufficient to comply with applicable rules and regulations, we cannot guarantee that our anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing policies and procedures completely prevent situations of money laundering or terrorism financing. Any such failure events may have severe consequences, including sanctions, fines and reputational consequences, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to our Common Stock
Our stock price may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result.
You should consider an investment in our common stock to be risky, and you should invest in our common stock only if you can withstand a significant loss and wide fluctuation in the market value of your investment. The market price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to, among other things, the factors described in this “Risk Factors” section, and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include:
•
quarterly variations in our results of operations or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us;
•
changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors;
•
our announcements or our competitors’ announcements regarding new products or services, enhancements, significant contracts, acquisitions or strategic investments;
•
fluctuations in the market valuations of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us;
•
future sales of our common stock;
•
additions or departures of members of our senior management or other key personnel;
•
changes in industry conditions or perceptions; and
•
changes in applicable laws, rules or regulations and other dynamics.
Furthermore, the stock markets have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market price of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, systemic, political and market conditions, such as recessions, loss of investor confidence, interest rate changes or international currency fluctuations, may negatively affect the market price of our common stock.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 30

If any of the foregoing occurs, it could cause our stock price to fall and may expose us to securities class action litigation that, even if unsuccessful, could be costly to defend and a distraction to management.
We may not repurchase shares or pay cash dividends on our common stock.
Holders of our common stock are only entitled to receive such dividends as our Board of Directors may declare out of funds legally available for such payments. Although we have historically declared cash dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so and may reduce or eliminate our common stock dividend in the future. This could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Also, as a bank holding company, our ability to repurchase shares and declare and pay dividends is dependent on certain federal regulatory considerations, including the rules of the FRB regarding capital adequacy and dividends. Additionally, we are required to submit periodic capital plans to the FRB for review, or otherwise obtain FRB authorization, before we can take certain capital actions, including repurchasing shares, declaring and paying dividends, or repurchasing or redeeming capital securities. If our capital plan or any amendment to our capital plan is objected to for any reason, our ability to repurchase shares and declare and pay dividends on our capital stock may be limited. Further, if we are unable to satisfy the capital requirements applicable to us for any reason, we may be limited in our ability to repurchase shares and declare and pay dividends on our capital stock. See the “Regulation and Supervision” section in Item 1, for further discussion of the regulations to which we are subject.
“Anti-takeover” provisions and the regulations to which we are subject may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if the change in control would be beneficial to stockholders.
We are a bank holding company incorporated in the state of Delaware. Anti-takeover provisions in Delaware law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as well as regulatory approvals that would be required under federal law, could make it more difficult for a third party to take control of us and may prevent stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares of our common stock. These provisions could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and could reduce the amount that stockholders might get if we are sold.
We believe these provisions protect our stockholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our Board and by providing our Board with more time to assess any acquisition proposal. However, these provisions apply even if the offer may be determined to be beneficial by some stockholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our Board determines is not in our best interest and that of our stockholders.
Furthermore, banking laws impose notice, approval and ongoing regulatory requirements on any stockholder or other party that seeks to acquire direct or indirect “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution. These laws include the Bank Holding Company Act and the Change in Bank Control Act.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We lease seven operations centers in Boston and Medford, Massachusetts; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Warwick, Rhode Island; Franklin, Tennessee; Irving, Texas and Glen Allen, Virginia. We own two principal operations centers in Johnston and East Providence, Rhode Island. At December 31, 2019, our subsidiaries owned and operated a total of 40 facilities and leased an additional 1,247  facilities. We believe our current facilities are adequate to meet our needs. See Note 6 and Note 8 of Item 8 for more information regarding our premises and equipment, and leases, respectively.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information required by this item is presented in Note 18 in Item 8 and is incorporated herein by reference.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 31

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CFG.” As of February 5, 2020, our common stock was owned by two holders of record (including Cede & Co.) and approximately 195,000 beneficial shareholders whose shares were held in “street name” through a broker or bank. Information relating to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance is presented in Item 12.
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder returns for our performance during the five-year period ended December 31, 2019 relative to the performance of the Standard & Poor’s 500® index, a commonly referenced U.S. equity benchmark consisting of leading companies from diverse economic sectors; the KBW Nasdaq Bank Index (“BKX”), composed of 24 leading national money center and regional banks and thrifts; and a group of other banks that constitute our peer regional banks (i.e., BB&T, Comerica, Fifth Third, KeyCorp, M&T, PNC, Regions, SunTrust and U.S. Bancorp. Includes Truist for the period subsequent to the merger of BB&T and SunTrust). The graph assumes a $100 investment at the closing price on December 31, 2014 in each of CFG common stock, the S&P 500 index, the BKX and the peer market-capitalization weighted average and assumes all dividends were reinvested on the date paid. The points on the graph represent the fiscal quarter-end amounts based on the last trading day in each subsequent fiscal quarter.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 32

This graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Citizens Financial Group, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

chart-7d94fd3469ef65314c0.jpg
    
 
12/31/2019

12/31/2018

12/31/2017

12/31/2016

12/31/2015

12/31/2014

CFG

$183


$129


$178


$149


$107


$100

S&P 500 Index
174

132

138

113

101

100

KBW BKX Index
172

126

153

129

100

100

Peer Regional Bank Average(1)

$169


$127


$152


$131


$100


$100

(1) The Peer Regional Bank Average includes the impact of BB&T and SunTrust through December 6, 2019 which were replaced by the newly formed Truist Financial Corp. on December 9, 2019.
Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities

Details of the repurchases of our common stock during the fourth quarter 2019 are included in the following table:
Period
Total Number of Shares Repurchased(1)
Weighted-Average Price Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)
Maximum Dollar Amount of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased As Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)
October 1, 2019 - October 31, 2019
9,199,134
$36.68
9,199,134
$437,606,122
November 1, 2019 - November 30, 2019
—
$—
—
$437,606,122
December 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019
1,706,973
$36.68
1,706,973
$375,000,000
(1) On June 27, 2019, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized share repurchases of CFG common stock of up to $1.275 billion for the four-quarter period ending with the second quarter of 2020. This share repurchase plan allowed for share repurchases that may be executed in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including under Rule 10b5-1 plans. All shares repurchased by us during the fourth quarter were executed pursuant to an accelerated share repurchase transaction, which was completed by December 31, 2019. The timing and exact amount of future share repurchases will be subject to various factors, including our capital position, financial performance and market conditions.



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 33

ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The selected Consolidated Statements of Operations data for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and the selected Consolidated Balance Sheet data as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are derived from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. We derived the selected Consolidated Statements of Operations data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the selected Consolidated Balance Sheet data as of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 from our prior audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for any future period.
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with Item 7 and our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes in Item 8.
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in millions, except per-share and ratio data)
   2019

 
   2018

 
   2017

 
   2016

 
   2015

OPERATING DATA:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income

$4,614

 

$4,532

 

$4,173

 

$3,758

 

$3,402

Noninterest income
1,877

 
1,596

 
1,534

 
1,497

 
1,422

Total revenue
6,491

 
6,128

 
5,707

 
5,255

 
4,824

Provision for credit losses
393

 
326

 
321

 
369

 
302

Noninterest expense
3,847

 
3,619

 
3,474

 
3,352

 
3,259

Income before income tax expense
2,251

 
2,183

 
1,912

 
1,534

 
1,263

Income tax expense(1)
460

 
462

 
260

 
489

 
423

Net income
1,791

 
1,721

 
1,652

 
1,045

 
840

Net income available to common stockholders
1,718

 
1,692

 
1,638

 
1,031

 
833

Net income per average common share - basic
3.82

 
3.54

 
3.26

 
1.97

 
1.55

Net income per average common share - diluted
3.81

 
3.52

 
3.25

 
1.97

 
1.55

Dividends declared and paid per common share
1.36

 
0.98

 
0.64

 
0.46

 
0.40

OTHER OPERATING DATA:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average common equity(2)
8.45
 %
 
8.62
%
 
8.35
%
 
5.23
%
 
4.30
%
Return on average tangible common equity(2)
12.64

 
12.94

 
12.35

 
7.74

 
6.45

Return on average total assets(2)
1.10

 
1.11

 
1.10

 
0.73

 
0.62

Return on average total tangible assets(2)
1.15

 
1.16

 
1.15

 
0.76

 
0.65

Efficiency ratio(2)
59.28

 
59.06

 
60.87

 
63.80

 
67.56

Operating leverage(2)(3)
(0.39
)
 
3.19

 
4.98

 
6.08

 
0.81

Net interest margin, FTE(4)

3.16

 
3.22

 
3.06

 
2.90

 
2.79

Effective income tax rate(1)
20.43

 
21.16

 
13.62

 
31.88

 
33.52

Dividend payout ratio
36

 
28

 
20

 
23

 
26

Average equity to average assets ratio
13.27

 
13.02

 
13.25

 
13.93

 
14.46

(1) On December 22, 2017 President Trump signed the 2017 Tax Legislation which reduced the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.
(2) See the “Introduction — Key Performance Metrics Used by Management and Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section in Item 7 for definitions of our key performance metrics.
(3) “Operating leverage” represents the period-over-period percent change in total revenue, less the period-over-period percent change in noninterest expense. For the purpose of the 2015 calculation, 2014 total revenue was $5.0 billion and noninterest expense was $3.4 billion.
(4) Net interest margin is presented on an FTE basis using the federal statutory tax rate.



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 34

 
As of December 31,
(in millions, except ratio data)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

 
2016

 
2015

BALANCE SHEET DATA:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets

$165,733

 

$160,518

 

$152,336

 

$149,520

 

$138,208

Loans held for sale, at fair value
1,946

 
1,219

 
497

 
583

 
325

Other loans held for sale
1,384

 
101

 
221

 
42

 
40

Loans and leases
119,088

 
116,660

 
110,617

 
107,669

 
99,042

Allowance for loan and lease losses
(1,252
)
 
(1,242
)
 
(1,236
)
 
(1,236
)
 
(1,216
)
Total securities
24,669

 
25,075

 
25,733

 
25,610

 
24,075

Goodwill
7,044

 
6,923

 
6,887

 
6,876

 
6,876

Total liabilities
143,532

 
139,701

 
132,066

 
129,773

 
118,562

Total deposits
125,313

 
119,575

 
115,089

 
109,804

 
102,539

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
265

 
1,156

 
815

 
1,148

 
802

Other short-term borrowed funds(1)
9

 
161

 
1,111

 
2,461

 
2,630

Long-term borrowed funds(1) 
14,047

 
15,925

 
12,510

 
13,540

 
9,886

Total stockholders’ equity
22,201

 
20,817

 
20,270

 
19,747

 
19,646

OTHER BALANCE SHEET DATA:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Quality Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a % of total loans and leases
1.05
%
 
1.06
%
 
1.12
%
 
1.15
%
 
1.23
%
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a % of nonperforming loans and leases(2)
178

 
162

 
142

 
119

 
120

Nonperforming loans and leases as a % of total loans and leases(2)
0.59

 
0.66

 
0.78

 
0.97

 
1.03

Capital Ratios:(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital ratio
10.0

 
10.6

 
11.2

 
11.2

 
11.7

Tier 1 capital ratio
11.1

 
11.3

 
11.4

 
11.4

 
12.0

Total capital ratio
13.0

 
13.3

 
13.9

 
14.0

 
15.3

Tier 1 leverage ratio
10.0

 
10.0

 
10.0

 
9.9

 
10.5

(1) Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, borrowed funds balances and the associated interest expense are classified based on original maturity. Prior periods have been adjusted to conform with the current period presentation.
(2) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, nonperforming balances exclude both fully and partially guaranteed residential mortgage loans sold to Ginnie Mae for which we have the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase. Prior periods have been adjusted to exclude partially guaranteed amounts to conform with the current period presentation.
(3) The capital ratios and associated components are prepared using the U.S. Basel III Standardized approach and became fully phased-in on January 1, 2019.  The December 31, 2017 capital ratios reflect the retrospective adoption of FASB ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 35

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 
 
Page
Introduction
 
37
Financial Performance
 
38
Results of Operations - 2019 compared with 2018
 
40
Net Interest Income
 
40
Noninterest Income
 
44
Noninterest Expense
 
45
Provision for Credit Losses
 
46
Income Tax Expense
 
46
Business Operating Segments
 
47
Results of Operations - 2018 compared with 2017
 
48
Analysis of Financial Condition
 
49
Securities
 
49
Loans and Leases
 
50
Allowance for Credit Losses and Nonperforming Assets
 
52
Deposits
 
60
Borrowed Funds
 
61
Quarterly Results of Operations
 
62
Capital and Regulatory Matters
 
65
Liquidity
 
69
Contractual Obligations
 
72
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
72
Critical Accounting Estimates
 
72
Accounting and Reporting Developments
 
75
Risk Governance
 
76
Market Risk
 
78
Key Performance Metrics, Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations
 
85


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 36

INTRODUCTION
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. is one of the nation’s oldest and largest financial institutions with $165.7 billion in assets as of December 31, 2019. Our mission is to help customers, colleagues and communities each reach their potential by listening to them and understanding their needs in order to offer tailored advice, ideas and solutions. Headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island, we offer a broad range of retail and commercial banking products and services to individuals, small businesses, middle-market companies, large corporations and institutions. In Consumer Banking, we provide an integrated experience that includes mobile and online banking, a 24/7 customer contact center as well as the convenience of approximately 2,700 ATMs and 1,100 branches in 11 states in the New England, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest regions. Consumer Banking products and services include a full range of banking, lending, savings, wealth management and small business offerings. In Commercial Banking, we offer corporate, institutional and not-for-profit clients a full range of wholesale banking products and services including lending and deposits, capital markets, treasury services, foreign exchange and interest rate products, and asset finance. More information is available at www.citizensbank.com.
The following MD&A is intended to assist readers in their analysis of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and supplemental financial information. It should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, as well as other information contained in this document.
Key Performance Metrics Used by Management and Non-GAAP Financial Measures
As a banking institution, we manage and evaluate various aspects of our results of operations and our financial condition including the levels and trends of the line items included in our balance sheet and statement of operations, used in calculating various key performance metrics commonly used in our industry. The primary line items we use in calculating our key performance metrics to manage and evaluate our statement of operations include net interest income, noninterest income, total revenue, provision for credit losses, noninterest expense, net income and net income available to common stockholders. The primary line items we use in calculating our key performance metrics to manage and evaluate our balance sheet data include loans and leases, securities, allowance for credit losses, deposits, borrowed funds and derivatives. We analyze these key performance metrics and financial trends against our own historical performance, our budgeted performance and the financial condition and performance of comparable banking institutions in our region and nationally.
We consider the following key performance metrics when evaluating our performance and making day-to-day operating decisions, as well as evaluating capital utilization and adequacy, including:
•
Return on average tangible common equity, which we define as annualized net income available to common stockholders divided by average common equity excluding average goodwill (net of related deferred tax liability) and average other intangibles;
•
Efficiency ratio, which we define as the ratio of total noninterest expense to the sum of net interest income and total noninterest income. The efficiency ratio helps us to evaluate the efficiency of our operations as it helps us monitor how costs are changing compared to income. A decrease in the efficiency ratio represents improvement;
•
Operating leverage, which we define as the percent change in total revenue, less the percent change in noninterest expense; and
•
CET1 capital ratio, which represents CET1 capital divided by total risk-weighted assets as defined under the U.S. Basel III Standardized approach.
This document contains non-GAAP financial measures denoted as “Underlying” results. Underlying results for any given reporting period exclude certain items that may occur in that period which Management does not consider indicative of our on-going financial performance. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to investors because they are used by Management to evaluate our operating performance and make day-to-day operating decisions. In addition, we believe our Underlying results in any given reporting period reflect our on-going financial performance and increase comparability of period-to-period results, and, accordingly, are useful to consider in addition to our GAAP financial results.
Other companies may use similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures that are calculated differently from the way we calculate such measures. Accordingly, our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similar measures used by such companies. We caution investors not to place undue reliance on such non-GAAP financial measures, but to consider them with the most directly comparable GAAP measures. Non-GAAP financial measures

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 37

have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our results reported under GAAP.
Non-GAAP measures are denoted throughout our MD&A by the use of the term Underlying and where there is a reference to Underlying results in a paragraph, all measures that follow this reference are on the same basis when applicable. For more information on the computation of key performance metrics and non-GAAP financial measures, see “—Key Performance Metrics, Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations.”
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
2019 compared with 2018 - Key Highlights
Net income of $1.8 billion increased 4% from 2018, with earnings per diluted common share of $3.81, up 8% from $3.52 per diluted common share for 2018. ROTCE of 12.6% compares with 12.9% in 2018.
We recorded $17 million after-tax, or $0.03 per diluted common share, of notable items in 2019 tied to Acquisition integration costs, costs related to strategic initiatives, and income tax benefits associated with an operational restructure and legacy tax matters. In 2018 we recorded $16 million after-tax, or $0.04 per diluted common share, of notable items tied to Acquisition integration costs, efficiency initiatives and the impact of 2017 tax legislation.
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
(in millions)
Noninterest income
 
Noninterest expense
 
Income tax expense
 
Net Income
Reported results (GAAP)

$1,877

 

$3,847

 

$460

 

$1,791

Less: Notable items
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total integration costs
—

 
18

 
(4
)
 
(14
)
Other notable items(1)
—

 
50

 
(47
)
 
(3
)
Total notable items
—

 
68

 
(51
)
 
(17
)
Underlying results (non-GAAP)

$1,877

 

$3,779

 

$511

 

$1,808

(1) Other notable items include noninterest expense of $50 million related to our TOP programs and other efficiency initiatives and an income tax benefit of $34 million related to an operational restructure and legacy tax matters.

 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Noninterest income
 
Noninterest expense
 
Income tax expense
 
Net Income
Reported results (GAAP)

$1,596

 

$3,619

 

$462

 

$1,721

Less: Notable items
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax Legislation DTL adjustment
—

 
—

 
(29
)
 
29

TOP efficiency initiatives and other actions
(1
)
 
33

 
(8
)
 
(26
)
FAMC integration costs
(4
)
 
21

 
(6
)
 
(19
)
Total notable items
(5
)
 
54

 
(43
)
 
(16
)
Underlying results (non-GAAP)

$1,601

 

$3,565

 

$505

 

$1,737

•
Net income available to common stockholders of $1.7 billion increased $26 million, or 2%, compared to 2018. Earnings per diluted common share increased $0.29, or 8%, from 2018.
◦
On an Underlying basis,* net income available to common stockholders of $1.7 billion increased by 2% led by 6% revenue growth reflecting 17% growth in noninterest income and 2% growth in net interest income, partially offset by 6% growth in noninterest expense and 21% increase in provision for credit losses.
◦
On an Underlying basis,* earnings per diluted common share of $3.84 increased $0.28, or 8%, from $3.56 for the year ended 2018.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 38

•
Total revenue of $6.5 billion increased $363 million, or 6%, from 2018, driven by a 2% increase in net interest income    and an 18% increase in noninterest income.
◦
Net interest income of $4.6 billion increased $82 million, or 2%, compared to $4.5 billion in 2018, as the benefit of 4% growth in average interest-earning assets was partially offset by the impact of a reduction in net interest margin, given the challenging yield-curve environment.
◦
Net interest margin of 3.14% decreased 7 basis points from 3.21% in 2018, driven by higher funding costs tied to modestly higher short-term rates and growth, as well as higher securities premium amortization tied to significantly lower long-term rates. These results were partially offset by the benefit of higher interest-earning asset yields, given continued mix shift toward more attractive risk-adjusted return portfolios and modestly higher short-term rates.
–
Net interest margin on a fully taxable-equivalent basis of 3.16% decreased by 6 basis points, compared to 3.22% in 2018 given the challenging yield-curve environment.
–
Average loans and leases of $117.9 billion increased $4.4 billion, or 4%, from $113.5 billion in 2018, reflecting a 5% increase in commercial loans and leases and a 3% increase in retail loans.
–
Average deposits of $123.3 billion increased $7.4 billion, or 6%, from $115.9 billion in 2018, largely reflecting growth in savings, term deposits and checking with interest.
◦
Noninterest income of $1.9 billion increased $281 million, or 18%, from 2018, with record results in mortgage banking, capital markets fees, and trust and investment services fees, which included the impact of Acquisitions, along with higher foreign exchange and interest rate products and card fees.
•
Noninterest expense of $3.8 billion increased $228 million, or 6%, compared to $3.6 billion in 2018, reflecting higher salaries and employee benefits, outside services, and equipment and software expense, driven by the impact of Acquisitions, partially offset by lower other operating expense largely tied to a reduction in FDIC insurance.
◦
On an Underlying basis,* noninterest expense increased 6% from 2018.
•
The efficiency ratio of 59.3% compared to 59.1% in 2018, and ROTCE of 12.6% compared to 12.9%.
◦
The Underlying efficiency ratio of 58.2% compared to 58.1% in 2018.
◦
Underlying ROTCE of 12.8% compares with 13.1% and reflected an approximate 50 basis point drag from higher tangible common equity value, given the positive impact of lower long-term rates on securities valuations.
•
Provision for credit losses of $393 million increased $67 million, or 21%, from $326 million in 2018, reflecting 4% average loan growth, stable credit quality, as well as a small number of uncorrelated losses in commercial, and continued seasoning in retail growth portfolios.
•
Tangible book value per common of $32.08 increased 12% from 2018. Fully diluted average common shares outstanding decreased by 29.2 million shares, or 6% over the same period.








 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 39

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — 2019 compared with 2018

Net Interest Income
Net interest income is our largest source of revenue and is the difference between the interest earned on interest-earning assets (generally loans, leases and investment securities) and the interest expense incurred in connection with interest-bearing liabilities (generally deposits and borrowed funds). The level of net interest income is primarily a function of the difference between the effective yield on our average interest-earning assets and the effective cost of our interest-bearing liabilities. These factors are influenced by the pricing and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by external factors such as local economic conditions, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the FRB and market interest rates.
chart-59710b024fad5e9c8eb.jpg

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 40

The following table presents the major components of net interest income and net interest margin:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
(dollars in millions)
Average
Balances
Income/
Expense
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
Income/
Expense
Yields/
Rates
 
Average
Balances
Yields/
Rates (bps)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing cash and due from banks and deposits in banks

$1,544


$30

1.94
%
 

$1,579


$29

1.82
%
 

($35
)
12 bps
Taxable investment securities
25,425

642

2.51

 
25,233

672

2.66

 
192

(15)
Non-taxable investment securities
5

—

2.60

 
6

—

2.60

 
(1
)
—
Total investment securities
25,430

642

2.51

 
25,239

672

2.66

 
191

(15)
Commercial
41,702

1,797

4.25

 
39,363

1,621

4.06

 
2,339

19
Commercial real estate
13,160

628

4.71

 
12,299

557

4.47

 
861

24
Leases
2,694

77

2.84

 
3,038

82

2.71

 
(344
)
13
Total commercial loans and leases
57,556

2,502

4.29

 
54,700

2,260

4.08

 
2,856

21
Residential mortgages
19,308

687

3.56

 
17,883

644

3.60

 
1,425

(4)
Home equity loans
939

57

6.09

 
1,215

72

5.91

 
(276
)
18
Home equity lines of credit
12,276

611

4.98

 
13,043

592

4.54

 
(767
)
44
Home equity loans serviced by others
343

27

7.98

 
463

34

7.36

 
(120
)
62
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
87

5

5.04

 
124

5

4.23

 
(37
)
81
Automobile
12,047

506

4.20

 
12,555

461

3.68

 
(508
)
52
Education
9,415

555

5.89

 
8,486

487

5.74

 
929

15
Credit cards
2,083

211

10.10

 
1,891

202

10.68

 
192

(58)
Other retail
3,846

280

7.27

 
3,113

253

8.09

 
733

(82)
Total retail loans
60,344

2,939

4.87

 
58,773

2,750

4.68

 
1,571

19
Total loans and leases (1)
117,900

5,441

4.59

 
113,473

5,010

4.39

 
4,427

20
Loans held for sale, at fair value
1,689

63

3.74

 
844

37

4.38

 
845

(64)
Other loans held for sale
251

13

5.10

 
164

10

6.18

 
87

(108)
Interest-earning assets
146,814

6,189

4.19

 
141,299

5,758

4.05

 
5,515

14
Allowance for loan and lease losses
(1,244
)
 
 
 
(1,245
)
 
 
 
1

 
Goodwill
7,036

 
 
 
6,912

 
 
 
124

 
Other noninterest-earning assets
9,570

 
 
 
7,587

 
 
 
1,983

 
Total assets

$162,176

 
 
 

$154,553

 
 
 

$7,623

 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Checking with interest

$23,470


$203

0.87
%
 

$21,856


$138

0.63
%
 

$1,614

24 bps
Money market accounts
36,613

450

1.23

 
36,497

343

0.94

 
116

29
Regular savings
13,247

75

0.57

 
10,238

15

0.15

 
3,009

42
Term deposits
21,035

427

2.03

 
18,035

289

1.61

 
3,000

42
Total interest-bearing deposits
94,365

1,155

1.22

 
86,626

785

0.91

 
7,739

31
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (2)
599

8

1.36

 
654

6

0.94

 
(55
)
42
Other short-term borrowed funds(3)
66

2

2.50

 
467

9

2.10

 
(401
)
40
Long-term borrowed funds(3)
13,014

410

3.14

 
14,796

426

2.86

 
(1,782
)
28
Total borrowed funds
13,679

420

3.06

 
15,917

441

2.76

 
(2,238
)
30
Total interest-bearing liabilities
108,044

1,575

1.46

 
102,543

1,226

1.19

 
5,501

27
Demand deposits
28,936

 
 
 
29,231

 
 
 
(295
)
 
Other liabilities
3,683

 
 
 
2,651

 
 
 
1,032

 
Total liabilities
140,663

 
 
 
134,425

 
 
 
6,238

 
Stockholders’ equity
21,513

 
 
 
20,128

 
 
 
1,385

 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$162,176

 
 
 

$154,553

 
 
 

$7,623

 
Interest rate spread
 
 
2.73
%
 
 
 
2.86
%
 
 
(13)
Net interest income and net interest margin
 

$4,614

3.14
%
 
 

$4,532

3.21
%
 
 
(7)
Net interest income and net interest margin, FTE(4)
 

$4,635

3.16
%
 
 

$4,554

3.22
%
 
 
(6) bps
Memo: Total deposits (interest-bearing and demand)

$123,301


$1,155

0.94
%
 

$115,857


$785

0.68
%
 

$7,444

26 bps
(1) Interest income and rates on loans include loan fees. Additionally, $778 million and $836 million of average nonaccrual loans were included in the average loan balances used to determine the average yield on loans for December 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(2) Balances are net of certain short-term receivables associated with reverse repurchase agreements, as applicable. Interest expense includes the full cost of the repurchase agreements and certain hedging costs.
(3) Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, borrowed funds balances and the associated interest expense are classified based on original maturity. Prior periods have been adjusted to conform with the current period presentation.
(4) Net interest income and net interest margin is presented on a fully taxable-equivalent (“FTE”) basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 21%. The FTE impact is predominantly attributable to commercial loans for the periods presented.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 41

Net interest income of $4.6 billion increased $82 million, reflecting 4% average interest-earning asset growth partially offset by a 7 basis point decrease in net interest margin given the challenging yield curve environment.
Net interest margin of 3.14% decreased 7 basis points compared to 3.21% in 2018, driven by higher funding costs tied to modestly higher short-term rates and higher securities premium amortization tied to significantly lower long-term rates. These results were partially offset by the benefit of higher interest-earning asset yields, given continued mix shift toward more attractive risk-adjusted return portfolios and modestly higher short-term rates. Net interest margin on an FTE basis of 3.16% decreased 6 basis points compared to 3.22% in 2018. Average interest-earning asset yields of 4.19% increased 14 basis points from 4.05% in 2018, while average interest-bearing liability costs of 1.46% increased 27 basis points from 1.19% in 2018.
Average interest-earning assets of $146.8 billion increased $5.5 billion, or 4%, from 2018, driven by a $2.9 billion increase in average commercial loans and leases, a $1.6 billion increase in average retail loans, a $932 million increase in average total loans held for sale, and a $156 million increase in total investment securities and interest-bearing cash and due from banks and deposits in banks. Total commercial loan and lease growth was driven by commercial and commercial real estate. Retail loan growth was driven by residential mortgage, education, credit cards and other retail.
Average deposits of $123.3 billion increased $7.4 billion from 2018, reflecting growth in savings, term deposits, checking with interest, and money market accounts, partially offset by a decline in demand deposits. Total interest-bearing deposit costs of $1.2 billion increased $370 million, or 47%, from $785 million in 2018, primarily due to higher short-term rates and average deposit growth.
Average total borrowed funds of $13.7 billion decreased $2.2 billion from 2018, reflecting a decrease in other short-term borrowed funds, a decrease in long-term borrowed funds, and a decrease in federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements. Total borrowed funds costs of $420 million decreased $21 million from 2018. The total borrowed funds cost of 3.06% increased 30 basis points from 2.76% in 2018 due to an increase in short-term rates and a mix shift to long-term senior debt.

    

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 42

The following table presents the change in interest income and interest expense due to changes in both average volume and average rate. Volume and rate changes have been allocated on a consistent basis using the respective percentage changes in average balances and average rates.
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019 Versus 2018
(in millions)
Average Volume
Average Rate
Net Change
Interest Income
 
 
 
Interest-bearing cash and due from banks and deposits in banks

($1
)

$2


$1

Taxable investment securities
5

(35
)
(30
)
  Total investment securities
5

(35
)
(30
)
Commercial
95

81

176

Commercial real estate
38

33

71

Leases
(9
)
4

(5
)
     Total commercial loans and leases
124

118

242

Residential mortgages
51

(8
)
43

Home equity loans
(16
)
1

(15
)
Home equity lines of credit
(35
)
54

19

Home equity loans serviced by others
(9
)
2

(7
)
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
(2
)
2

—

Automobile
(19
)
64

45

Education
53

15

68

Credit cards
21

(12
)
9

Other retail
59

(32
)
27

      Total retail loans
103

86

189

      Total loans and leases
227

204

431

Loans held for sale, at fair value
37

(11
)
26

Other loans held for sale
5

(2
)
3

Total interest income

$273


$158


$431

Interest Expense
 
 
 
Checking with interest

$10


$55


$65

Money market accounts
1

106

107

Regular savings
5

55

60

Term deposits
48

90

138

Total interest-bearing deposits
64

306

370

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
(1
)
3

2

Other short-term borrowed funds
(8
)
1

(7
)
Long-term borrowed funds
(51
)
35

(16
)
      Total borrowed funds
(60
)
39

(21
)
Total interest expense
4

345

349

Net interest income

$269


($187
)

$82



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 43

Noninterest Income
chart-eb8adc3749c15d13897.jpg
The following table presents the significant components of our noninterest income:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
Change

 
Percent

Service charges and fees

$505

 

$513

 

($8
)
 
(2
%)
Mortgage banking fees
302

 
152

 
150

 
99

Card fees
254

 
244

 
10

 
4

Capital markets fees
216

 
179

 
37

 
21

Trust and investment services fees
202

 
171

 
31

 
18

Foreign exchange and interest rate products
155

 
126

 
29

 
23

Letter of credit and loan fees
135

 
128

 
7

 
5

Securities gains, net
19

 
19

 
—

 
—

Other income(1)
89

 
64

 
25

 
39

Noninterest income

$1,877

 

$1,596

 

$281

 
18
%
(1) Includes net impairment losses recognized in earnings on available for sale debt securities, bank-owned life insurance income and other income.


Noninterest income increased $281 million, from 2018, reflecting record mortgage banking fees, capital markets fees, and trust investment services fees, which included the impact of Acquisitions and, along with higher foreign exchange and interest rate products revenue, reflected the benefit of investments to broaden and enhance our capabilities. Results also reflected increased other income due to higher leasing income, including $7 million associated with a lease restructuring transaction, and asset dispositions tied to balance sheet optimization and efficiency initiatives.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 44

Noninterest Expense
chart-0f1a29832a8d5423bee.jpg
The following table presents the significant components of our noninterest expense:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
Change

 
Percent

Salaries and employee benefits

$2,026

 

$1,880

 

$146

 
8
%
Equipment and software expense(1)
514

 
464

 
50

 
11

Outside services
498

 
447

 
51

 
11

Occupancy
333

 
333

 
0

 
—

Other operating expense
476

 
495

 
(19
)
 
(4
)
Noninterest expense

$3,847

 

$3,619

 

$228

 
6
%
(1) In 2019, we combined our presentation of equipment and expense and amortization of software into equipment and software expense. Prior periods have been adjusted to conform with the current period presentation.

Noninterest expense of $3.8 billion in 2019 increased $228 million, or 6%, compared to 2018, reflecting higher salaries and employee benefits, outside services, and equipment and software expense, and included the impact of Acquisitions as well as continued investments to diversify our platform and drive future revenue growth. These results were partially offset by lower other operating expense largely tied to a reduction in FDIC insurance premiums. Underlying noninterest expense increased $214 million, or 6%, due to the reasons listed above.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 45

Provision for Credit Losses
chart-32383d56e17d5b688bb.jpg
The provision for loan and lease losses is the result of a detailed analysis performed to estimate an appropriate and adequate ACL. The total provision for credit losses includes the provision for loan and lease losses as well as the provision for unfunded commitments. Refer to “—Analysis of Financial Condition — Allowance for Credit Losses and Nonperforming Assets” for more information.
Provision for credit losses of $393 million increased $67 million, or 21%, from $326 million in 2018, which reflected a small number of uncorrelated losses in commercial, the impact of continued seasoning in retail growth portfolios and loan growth. Full year 2019 results reflected a $37 million ACL release, compared to $9 million ACL build in 2018. Net charge-offs in 2019 of $430 million increased $113 million compared to 2018.
    
Income Tax Expense
chart-71af2eecf63e577cb52.jpg
Income tax expense of $460 million decreased $2 million from $462 million in 2018. The 2019 effective tax rate of 20.4% decreased from 21.2% in 2018, largely reflecting legacy tax matters, a benefit from an operational restructure, a reduction in non-deductible FDIC insurance premiums and an increase in benefits from tax advantaged investments, partially offset by a benefit related to 2017 Tax Legislation in 2018. On an Underlying basis, the effective income tax rate decreased to 22.0% from 22.5% in 2018, primarily attributable to the reduction in non-deductible FDIC insurance premiums and an increase in benefits from tax advantaged investments.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 46


Business Operating Segments
We have two business operating segments: Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking. Segment results are derived by specifically attributing managed assets, liabilities, capital and related revenues, provision for credit losses, income taxes and expenses. Non-segment operations are classified as Other, which includes corporate functions, the Treasury function, the securities portfolio, wholesale funding activities, intangible assets not directly allocated to a business operating segment, community development, non-core assets, and other unallocated assets, liabilities, capital, revenues, expenses, and residual provision for credit losses and income tax expense. For a description of non-core assets, see “—Analysis of Financial Condition — Allowance for Credit Losses and Nonperforming Assets — Non-Core Assets.” In addition, Other includes goodwill not directly assigned to a business operating segment and any associated goodwill impairment charges. For impairment testing purposes, we assign all goodwill to our Consumer and Commercial Banking reporting units.
Our capital levels are evaluated and managed centrally; however, capital is allocated on a risk-adjusted basis to the business operating segments to support evaluation of business performance. Because funding and asset liability management is a central function, funds transfer-pricing (“FTP”) methodologies are utilized to allocate a cost of funds used, or credit for the funds provided, to all business operating segment assets, liabilities and capital, respectively, using a matched-funding concept. The residual effect on net interest income of asset/liability management, including the residual net interest income related to the FTP process, is included in Other. We periodically evaluate and refine our methodologies used to measure financial performance of our business operating segments.
Provision for credit losses is allocated to each business operating segment based on respective actual net charge-offs. The residual difference between the consolidated provision for credit losses and the business operating segments’ net charge-offs is reflected in Other.
Noninterest income and expense are directly attributed to each business operating segment, including fees, service charges, salaries and benefits, and other direct revenues and costs and are respectively accounted for in a manner similar to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Occupancy costs are allocated based on utilization of facilities by each business operating segment. Noninterest expenses incurred by centrally managed operations or business operating segments that directly support another business operating segment’s operations are charged to the applicable business operating segment based on its utilization of those services.
Income tax expense is assessed to each business operating segment at a standard tax rate with the residual tax expense or benefit to arrive at the consolidated effective tax rate included in Other.
Developing and applying methodologies used to allocate items among the business operating segments is a dynamic process. Accordingly, financial results may be revised periodically as management systems are enhanced, methods of evaluating performance or product lines are updated, or our organizational structure changes.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 47

The following table presents certain financial data of our business operating segments. Total business operating segment financial results differ from total consolidated net income. These differences are reflected in Other non-segment operations. See Note 25 in Item 8 for further information.
 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in millions)
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
Net interest income

$3,182

 

$3,064

 

$1,466

 

$1,497

Noninterest income
1,156

 
973

 
607

 
545

Total revenue
4,338

 
4,037

 
2,073

 
2,042

Noninterest expense
2,851

 
2,723

 
858

 
813

Profit before provision for credit losses
1,487

 
1,314

 
1,215

 
1,229

Provision for credit losses
325

 
289

 
97

 
26

Income before income tax expense
1,162

 
1,025

 
1,118

 
1,203

Income tax expense
287

 
258

 
248

 
276

Net income

$875

 

$767

 

$870

 

$927

Average Balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets

$66,240

 

$62,444

 

$55,947

 

$52,362

Total loans and leases(1)
63,396

 
60,691

 
54,355

 
51,344

Deposits
84,835

 
77,542

 
31,085

 
30,704

Interest-earning assets
63,449

 
60,743

 
54,666

 
51,572

(1) Includes LHFS.

Consumer Banking
Net interest income increased $118 million, or 4%, from 2018, driven by the benefit of a $2.7 billion increase in average loans led by residential, education and unsecured personal loans. Noninterest income increased $183 million, or 19%, from 2018, driven by higher mortgage banking, trust and investment services fees, card fees and included the impact of Acquisitions. Noninterest expense increased $128 million, or 5%, from 2018, reflecting higher salaries and benefits and outside services and included the impact of Acquisitions. Provision for credit losses of $325 million increased $36 million, or 12%, reflecting higher net charge-offs given expected seasoning in growth portfolios.
Commercial Banking
Net interest income of $1.5 billion decreased $31 million, or 2%, from 2018, reflecting the impact of higher deposit costs, partially offset by loan growth. Noninterest income of $607 million increased $62 million, or 11%, from $545 million in 2018, driven by an increase in capital market and foreign exchange and interest rate product fees. Noninterest expense of $858 million increased $45 million, from $813 million in 2018, driven by higher salaries and employee benefits expense. Provision for credit losses of $97 million increased $71 million from 2018, driven by higher net charge-offs from a small number of uncorrelated losses.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — 2018 compared with 2017
For a description of our results of operations for 2018, see the “Results of Operations — 2018 compared with 2017” section of Item 7 in our 2018 Form 10-K.



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 48

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
Securities
The following table presents our AFS and HTM securities:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Changes in Fair Value from 2019-2018
(in millions)
Amortized
Cost
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
Fair Value
 
U.S. Treasury and other

$71


$71

 

$24


$24

 

$12


$12

 

$47

196
%
State and political subdivisions
5

5

 
5

5

 
6

6

 
—

—

Mortgage-backed securities, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities
19,803

19,875

 
20,211

19,634

 
20,065

19,828

 
241

1

Other/non-agency
638

662

 
236

232

 
311

311

 
430

185

Total mortgage-backed securities, at fair value
20,441

20,537

 
20,447

19,866

 
20,376

20,139

 
671

3

Total debt securities available for sale, at fair value

$20,517


$20,613

 

$20,476


$19,895

 

$20,394


$20,157

 

$718

4
%
Mortgage-backed securities, at cost:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities

$3,202


$3,242

 

$3,425


$3,293

 

$3,853


$3,814

 

($51
)
(2
%)
Other/non-agency
—

—

 
740

748

 
832

854

 
(748
)
(100
)
Total mortgage-backed securities, at cost

$3,202


$3,242

 

$4,165


$4,041

 

$4,685


$4,668

 

($799
)
(20
%)
Total debt securities held to maturity

$3,202


$3,242

 

$4,165


$4,041

 

$4,685


$4,668

 

($799
)
(20
%)
Total debt securities available for sale and held to maturity

$23,719


$23,855

 

$24,641


$23,936

 

$25,079


$24,825

 

($81
)
—
%
Equity securities, at fair value

$47


$47

 

$181


$181

 

$169


$169

 

($134
)
(74
%)
Equity securities, at cost
807

807

 
834

834

 
722

722

 
(27
)
(3
)
Total equity securities

$854


$854

 

$1,015


$1,015

 

$891


$891

 

($161
)
(16
%)

Our securities portfolio is managed to maintain prudent levels of liquidity, credit quality and market risk while achieving appropriate returns that align with our overall portfolio management strategy. The portfolio includes high quality, highly liquid investments reflecting our ongoing commitment to appropriate contingent liquidity levels and pledging capacity. U.S. government-guaranteed notes and GSE-issued mortgage-backed securities represent 97% of the fair value of our debt securities portfolio holdings. Holdings backed by mortgages dominate our portfolio and facilitate our ability to pledge those securities to the FHLB for collateral purposes.
The fair value of the AFS debt securities portfolio of $20.6 billion at December 31, 2019 increased $718 million from $19.9 billion at December 31, 2018 largely reflecting the impact of the transfer of a net $740 million in securities from HTM to AFS upon the adoption of ASU 2017–12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, and lower long-term rates. The fair value of the HTM debt securities portfolio decreased $799 million largely reflecting the net impact of the transfer discussed above. For further information, see Note 1 in Item 8.
As of December 31, 2019, the portfolio’s average effective duration was 3.7 years compared with 4.4 years as of December 31, 2018, as lower long-term rates drove an increase in both actual and projected securities prepayment speeds. We manage our securities portfolio duration and convexity risk through asset selection and securities structure, and maintain duration levels within our risk appetite in the context of the broader interest rate risk in the banking book framework and limits.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 49

The following table presents an analysis of the amortized cost, remaining contractual maturities, and weighted-average yields by contractual maturity for our debt securities portfolio. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without incurring penalties.
 
As of December 31, 2019
 
Distribution of Maturities
(dollars in millions)
Due in 1 Year or Less
Due After 1
Through 5
Years
Due After 5
Through 10
Years
Due After 10
Years
Total
Amortized cost:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and other

$71


$—


$—


$—


$71

State and political subdivisions
—

—

—

5

5

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities
—

215

1,534

18,054

19,803

Other/non-agency
—

—

—

638

638

Total debt securities available for sale
71

215

1,534

18,697

20,517

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities
—

—

—

3,202

3,202

Other/non-agency
—

—

—

—

—

Total debt securities held to maturity
—

—

—

3,202

3,202

Total amortized cost of debt securities (1)

$71


$215


$1,534


$21,899


$23,719

Weighted-average yield (2)(3)
2.03
%
1.95
%
2.38
%
2.61
%
2.59
%
(1) As of December 31, 2019, no investment exceeded 10% of Stockholders’ Equity.
(2) Yields on tax-exempt securities are not computed on a tax-equivalent basis.
(3) Yields exclude the impact of hedging activity.

Loans and Leases
The following table presents the composition of loans and leases:
 
December 31,
 
Changes from 2019-2018
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

 
2016

 
2015

 
$
 
%
Commercial

$41,479

 

$40,857

 

$37,562

 

$37,274

 

$33,264

 

$622

 
2
 %
Commercial real estate
13,522

 
13,023

 
11,308

 
10,624

 
8,971

 
499

 
4

Leases
2,537

 
2,903

 
3,161

 
3,753

 
3,979

 
(366
)
 
(13
)
Total commercial loans and leases
57,538

 
56,783

 
52,031

 
51,651

 
46,214

 
755

 
1

Residential mortgages
19,083

 
18,978

 
17,045

 
15,115

 
13,318

 
105

 
1

Home equity loans
812

 
1,073

 
1,392

 
1,858

 
2,557

 
(261
)
 
(24
)
Home equity lines of credit
11,979

 
12,710

 
13,483

 
14,100

 
14,674

 
(731
)
 
(6
)
Home equity loans serviced by others
289

 
399

 
542

 
750

 
986

 
(110
)
 
(28
)
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
74

 
104

 
149

 
219

 
389

 
(30
)
 
(29
)
Automobile
12,120

 
12,106

 
13,204

 
13,938

 
13,828

 
14

 
—

Education
10,347

 
8,900

 
8,134

 
6,610

 
4,359

 
1,447

 
16

Credit cards
2,198

 
1,991

 
1,848

 
1,691

 
1,634

 
207

 
10

Other retail
4,648

 
3,616

 
2,789

 
1,737

 
1,083

 
1,032

 
29

Total retail loans
61,550

 
59,877

 
58,586

 
56,018

 
52,828

 
1,673

 
3

Total loans and leases

$119,088

 

$116,660

 

$110,617

 

$107,669

 

$99,042

 

$2,428

 
2
%
Total loans and leases increased $2.4 billion, or 2%, from $116.7 billion as of December 31, 2018, driven by growth in both retail and commercial. Retail loan growth was driven by education, other retail, credit cards and residential mortgages, partially offset by run off in the home equity portfolio. Commercial loans and leases growth was driven by geographic, product and client-focused expansion strategies as well as strength in commercial real estate, partially offset by planned reductions in leases.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 50

Maturities and Sensitivities of Loans and Leases to Changes in Interest Rates
The following table presents a summary of loans and leases by remaining maturity or repricing date:
 
December 31, 2019
(in millions)
Due in 1 Year or Less
Due After 1 Year Through 5 Years
Due After 5 Years
Total Loans and Leases
Commercial(1)

$37,374


$2,471


$1,634


$41,479

Commercial real estate(1)
13,015

217

290

13,522

Leases
573

1,607

357

2,537

Total commercial loans and leases
50,962

4,295

2,281

57,538

Residential mortgages
953

2,500

15,630

19,083

Home equity loans
13

234

565

812

Home equity lines of credit
11,782

51

146

11,979

Home equity loans serviced by others
26

245

18

289

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
74

—

—

74

Automobile
203

6,995

4,922

12,120

Education
21

860

9,466

10,347

Credit cards
1,747

451

—

2,198

Other retail
453

3,616

579

4,648

Total retail loans
15,272

14,952

31,326

61,550

Total loans and leases

$66,234


$19,247


$33,607


$119,088

Loans and leases due after one year at fixed interest rates
 

$15,882


$21,776


$37,658

Loans and leases due after one year at variable interest rates
 
3,365

11,831

15,196

(1) On a maturity basis only, the commercial and commercial real estate loan portfolios maturing in one year or less were $7.4 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively, maturing after one year through five years were $27.8 billion and $9.8 billion, respectively, and maturing after five years were $6.3 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2019.     
    
Loan and Lease Concentrations
At December 31, 2019, we did not identify any concentration of loans and leases exceeding 10% of total loans and leases that were not otherwise disclosed as a category of loans and leases. For further information on how we manage concentration exposures, see Note 5 in Item 8.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 51

Allowance for Credit Losses and Nonperforming Assets
The ACL, which consists of an ALLL and a reserve for unfunded lending commitments, is created through charges to the provision for credit losses in order to provide appropriate reserves to absorb future estimated credit losses in accordance with GAAP. For further information on our processes to determine our ACL, see “—Critical Accounting Estimates — Allowance for Credit Losses,” and Note 5 in Item 8.
Summary of Loan and Lease Loss Experience
The following table presents a summary of the changes to our ALLL:
 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses — Beginning:
 
Commercial

$530

 

$541

 

$516

 

$376

 

$388

Commercial real estate
138

 
121

 
99

 
111

 
61

Leases
22

 
23

 
48

 
23

 
23

Qualitative (1)
—

 
—

 
—

 
86

 
72

Total commercial loans and leases
690

 
685

 
663

 
596

 
544

Residential mortgages
36

 
44

 
55

 
46

 
63

Home equity loans
10

 
19

 
24

 
39

 
50

Home equity lines of credit
85

 
87

 
139

 
132

 
152

Home equity loans serviced by others
10

 
12

 
15

 
29

 
47

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
3

 
4

 
4

 
3

 
11

Automobile
127

 
139

 
127

 
106

 
58

Education
101

 
120

 
102

 
96

 
93

Credit cards
83

 
72

 
74

 
60

 
68

Other retail
97

 
54

 
33

 
28

 
32

Qualitative (1)
—

 
—

 
—

 
81

 
77

Total retail loans
552

 
551

 
573

 
620

 
651

Total allowance for loan and lease losses — beginning

$1,242

 

$1,236

 

$1,236

 

$1,216

 

$1,195


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 52

 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Gross Charge-offs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial

($87
)
 

($48
)
 

($62
)
 

($56
)
 

($30
)
Commercial real estate
(39
)
 
(4
)
 
(13
)
 
(14
)
 
(6
)
Leases
(14
)
 
—

 
—

 
(9
)
 
—

Total commercial loans and leases
(140
)
 
(52
)
 
(75
)
 
(79
)
 
(36
)
Residential mortgages
(8
)
 
(8
)
 
(11
)
 
(21
)
 
(22
)
Home equity loans
(5
)
 
(6
)
 
(11
)
 
(16
)
 
(34
)
Home equity lines of credit
(26
)
 
(26
)
 
(34
)
 
(43
)
 
(59
)
Home equity loans serviced by others
(6
)
 
(9
)
 
(15
)
 
(38
)
 
(32
)
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
(2
)
 
(4
)
 
(5
)
 
(12
)
 
(14
)
Automobile
(143
)
 
(158
)
 
(181
)
 
(160
)
 
(117
)
Education
(72
)
 
(68
)
 
(59
)
 
(52
)
 
(51
)
Credit cards
(81
)
 
(68
)
 
(61
)
 
(58
)
 
(59
)
Other retail
(132
)
 
(95
)
 
(60
)
 
(57
)
 
(56
)
Total retail loans
(475
)
 
(442
)
 
(437
)
 
(457
)
 
(444
)
Total gross charge-offs

($615
)
 

($494
)
 

($512
)
 

($536
)
 

($480
)
Gross Recoveries:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial

$24

 

$15

 

$37

 

$21

 

$18

Commercial real estate
—

 
4

 
3

 
12

 
31

Leases
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total commercial loans and leases
24

 
19

 
40

 
33

 
49

Residential mortgages
9

 
5

 
6

 
9

 
12

Home equity loans
10

 
11

 
13

 
18

 
11

Home equity lines of credit
21

 
16

 
16

 
18

 
18

Home equity loans serviced by others
14

 
15

 
18

 
19

 
17

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
4

 
7

 
7

 
6

 
8

Automobile
57

 
67

 
73

 
65

 
49

Education
16

 
16

 
15

 
11

 
12

Credit cards
9

 
8

 
7

 
8

 
8

Other retail
21

 
13

 
12

 
14

 
12

Total retail loans
161

 
158

 
167

 
168

 
147

Total gross recoveries

$185

 

$177

 

$207

 

$201

 

$196

Net (Charge-offs)/Recoveries:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial

($63
)
 

($33
)
 

($25
)
 

($35
)
 

($12
)
Commercial real estate
(39
)
 
—

 
(10
)
 
(2
)
 
25

Leases
(14
)
 
—

 
—

 
(9
)
 
—

Total commercial loans and leases
(116
)
 
(33
)
 
(35
)
 
(46
)
 
13

Residential mortgages
1

 
(3
)
 
(5
)
 
(12
)
 
(10
)
Home equity loans
5

 
5

 
2

 
2

 
(23
)
Home equity lines of credit
(5
)
 
(10
)
 
(18
)
 
(25
)
 
(41
)
Home equity loans serviced by others
8

 
6

 
3

 
(19
)
 
(15
)
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
2

 
3

 
2

 
(6
)
 
(6
)
Automobile
(86
)
 
(91
)
 
(108
)
 
(95
)
 
(68
)
Education
(56
)
 
(52
)
 
(44
)
 
(41
)
 
(39
)
Credit cards
(72
)
 
(60
)
 
(54
)
 
(50
)
 
(51
)
Other retail
(111
)
 
(82
)
 
(48
)
 
(43
)
 
(44
)
Total retail loans
(314
)
 
(284
)
 
(270
)
 
(289
)
 
(297
)
Total net charge-offs

($430
)
 

($317
)
 

($305
)
 

($335
)
 

($284
)
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans and leases
(0.36
%)
 
(0.28
%)
 
(0.28
%)
 
(0.32
%)
 
(0.30
%)

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 53

 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Provision for Loan and Lease Losses(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial

$81

 

$22

 

$50

 

$117

 

$—

Commercial real estate
8

 
17

 
32

 
(17
)
 
25

Leases
11

 
(1
)
 
(25
)
 
34

 
—

Qualitative (1)
—

 
—

 
—

 
(21
)
 
14

Total commercial loans and leases
100

 
38

 
57

 
113

 
39

Residential mortgages
(2
)
 
(5
)
 
(6
)
 
8

 
(7
)
Home equity loans
(9
)
 
(14
)
 
(7
)
 
(22
)
 
12

Home equity lines of credit
(8
)
 
8

 
(34
)
 
9

 
21

Home equity loans serviced by others
(15
)
 
(8
)
 
(6
)
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
(3
)
 
(4
)
 
(2
)
 
6

 
(2
)
Automobile
82

 
79

 
120

 
99

 
116

Education
71

 
33

 
62

 
21

 
42

Credit cards
90

 
71

 
52

 
53

 
43

Other retail
134

 
125

 
69

 
42

 
40

Qualitative (1)
—

 
—

 
—

 
27

 
4

Total retail loans
340

 
285

 
248

 
242

 
266

Total provision for loan and lease losses

$440

 

$323

 

$305

 

$355

 

$305

Total Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses — Ending:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
548

 
530

 

$541

 

$458

 

$376

Commercial real estate
107

 
138

 
121

 
92

 
111

Leases
19

 
22

 
23

 
48

 
23

Qualitative (1)
—

 
—

 
—

 
65

 
86

Total commercial loans and leases
674

 
690

 
685

 
663

 
596

Residential mortgages
35

 
36

 
44

 
42

 
46

Home equity loans
6

 
10

 
19

 
19

 
39

Home equity lines of credit
72

 
85

 
87

 
116

 
132

Home equity loans serviced by others
3

 
10

 
12

 
9

 
29

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
2

 
3

 
4

 
3

 
3

Automobile
123

 
127

 
139

 
110

 
106

Education
116

 
101

 
120

 
76

 
96

Credit cards
101

 
83

 
72

 
63

 
60

Other retail
120

 
97

 
54

 
27

 
28

Qualitative (1)
—

 
—

 
—

 
108

 
81

Total retail loans
578

 
552

 
551

 
573

 
620

Total allowance for loan and lease losses — ending

$1,252

 

$1,242

 

$1,236

 

$1,236

 

$1,216

Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments — Beginning

$91

 

$88

 

$72

 

$58

 

$61

Provision for unfunded lending commitments
(47
)
 
3

 
16

 
14

 
(3
)
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments — ending

$44

 

$91

 

$88

 

$72

 

$58

Total Allowance for Credit Losses — Ending

$1,296

 

$1,333

 

$1,324

 

$1,308

 

$1,274

(1) As of December 31, 2017, we enhanced the method for assessing various qualitative risks, factors and events that may not be measured in the modeled results. The qualitative allowance was presented within each loan class beginning in 2017 and prior periods were not reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
(2) During December 2016, changes to the incurred loss period were reflected as components of the provision for retail property secured products.



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 54

Allocation of the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The following table presents an allocation of the ALLL by class and the percent of each class of loans and leases to the total loans and leases:
 
December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Commercial

$548

35
%
 

$530

35
%
 

$541

34
%
 

$458

35
%
 

$376

34
%
Commercial real estate
107

11

 
138

11

 
121

10

 
92

10

 
111

9

Leases
19

2

 
22

3

 
23

3

 
48

3

 
23

4

Qualitative(1)
—

N/A

 
—

N/A

 
—

N/A

 
65

N/A

 
86

N/A

Total commercial loans and leases
674

48

 
690

49

 
685

47

 
663

48

 
596

47

Residential mortgages
35

16

 
36

16

 
44

15

 
42

14

 
46

13

Home equity loans
6

1

 
10

1

 
19

1

 
19

2

 
39

3

Home equity lines of credit
72

10

 
85

11

 
87

12

 
116

13

 
132

15

Home equity loans serviced by others
3

—

 
10

—

 
12

1

 
9

1

 
29

1

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
2

—

 
3

—

 
4

—

 
3

—

 
3

—

Automobile
123

10

 
127

10

 
139

12

 
110

13

 
106

14

Education
116

9

 
101

8

 
120

7

 
76

6

 
96

4

Credit cards
101

2

 
83

2

 
72

2

 
63

1

 
60

2

Other retail
120

4

 
97

3

 
54

3

 
27

2

 
28

1

Qualitative(1)
—

N/A

 
—

N/A

 
—

N/A

 
108

N/A

 
81

N/A

Total retail loans
578

52

 
552

51

 
551

53

 
573

52

 
620

53

Total loans and leases

$1,252

100
%
 

$1,242

100
%
 

$1,236

100
%
 

$1,236

100
%
 

$1,216

100
%
(1) The qualitative allowance was presented within each loan class beginning in 2017 and prior periods were not reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
The ALLL represented 1.05% of total loans and leases and 178% of nonperforming loans and leases as of December 31, 2019 compared with 1.06% and 162%, respectively, as of December 31, 2018.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 55

Risk Elements
The following table presents nonperforming loans and leases and loans, accruing and 90 days or more past due, and restructured loans and leases:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

 
2016

 
2015

Nonperforming loans and leases
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial

$240

 

$194

 

$238

 

$322

 

$70

Commercial real estate
2

 
7

 
27

 
50

 
77

Leases
3

 
—

 
—

 
15

 
—

Total commercial loans and leases
245

 
201

 
265

 
387

 
147

Residential mortgages (1)
93

 
105

 
125

 
139

 
295

Home equity loans
33

 
50

 
72

 
98

 
135

Home equity lines of credit
187

 
231

 
233

 
243

 
272

Home equity loans serviced by others
14

 
17

 
25

 
32

 
38

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
12

 
15

 
18

 
33

 
32

Automobile
67

 
81

 
70

 
50

 
42

Education
18

 
38

 
38

 
38

 
35

Credit cards
22

 
20

 
17

 
16

 
16

Other retail
12

 
8

 
5

 
4

 
3

Total retail loans
458

 
565

 
603

 
653

 
868

Total nonperforming loans and leases

$703

 

$766

 

$868

 

$1,040

 

$1,015

Loans and leases that are accruing and 90 days or more delinquent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
2

 
1

 
5

 
2

 
1

Commercial real estate
—

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
—

Leases
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total commercial loans and leases
2

 
1

 
8

 
2

 
1

Residential mortgages
13

 
15

 
16

 
18

 
—

Home equity loans
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Home equity lines of credit
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Home equity loans serviced by others
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Automobile
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Education
2

 
2

 
3

 
5

 
6

Credit cards
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other retail
8

 
7

 
5

 
1

 
2

Total retail loans
23

 
24

 
24

 
24

 
8

Total accruing and 90 days or more delinquent
25

 
25

 
32

 
26

 
9

   Total

$728

 

$791

 

$900

 

$1,066

 

$1,024

Troubled debt restructurings (2)

$692

 

$723

 

$629

 

$633

 

$909

(1) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, nonperforming balances exclude both fully and partially guaranteed residential mortgage loans sold to Ginnie Mae for which we have the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase. Prior periods have been adjusted to exclude partially guaranteed amounts to conform with the current period presentation.
(2) TDR balances reported in this line item consist of only those TDRs not reported in the nonaccrual loan or accruing and 90 days or more delinquent loan categories. Thus, only those TDRs that are in compliance with their modified terms and not past due, or those TDRs that are past due 30-89 days and still accruing are included in the TDR balances listed above.
Overall credit quality remained strong across retail and commercial. Nonperforming loans and leases of $703 million as of December 31, 2019 decreased $63 million from December 31, 2018, driven by a $107 million decrease in retail, reflecting improvements in home equity, education and auto that was partially offset by $44 million increase in commercial nonperforming loans. Net charge-offs of $430 million increased $113 million, or 36%, from $317 million in 2018 reflecting a small number of uncorrelated losses in commercial and expected seasoning in the other retail loan portfolio. Net charge-offs as a percentage of total average loans of 0.36% increased 8 basis points compared to 0.28% in 2018.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 56

Potential Problem Loans and Leases
At December 31, 2019, we did not identify any potential problem loans or leases within the portfolio that were not already disclosed in “—Risk Elements” and “—Commercial Loan Asset Quality.” Potential problem loans or leases consist of loans and leases where information about a borrower’s possible credit problems cause management to have serious doubts as to the ability of a borrower to comply with the present repayment terms.
Commercial Loan Asset Quality
Our commercial loan and lease portfolio consists of traditional commercial loans, commercial leases and commercial real estate loans. The portfolio is largely comprised of customers in our footprint and adjacent states in which we have a physical presence where our local delivery model provides for strong client connectivity. We also lend nationally to companies that fall within targeted client, industry, and geographic expansion strategies.
For commercial loans and leases, we utilize regulatory classification ratings to monitor credit quality. For more information on regulatory classification ratings, see Note 5 in Item 8. The recorded investment in commercial loans and leases based on regulatory classification ratings is presented below:
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Criticized
 
(in millions)
Pass
Special Mention
Substandard

Doubtful

Total

Commercial

$38,950


$1,351


$934


$244


$41,479

Commercial real estate
13,169

318

33

2

13,522

Leases
2,383

109

42

3

2,537

Total commercial loans and leases

$54,502


$1,778


$1,009


$249


$57,538


 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Criticized
 
(in millions)
Pass
Special Mention
Substandard

Doubtful

Total

Commercial

$38,600


$1,231


$828


$198


$40,857

Commercial real estate
12,523

412

82

6

13,023

Leases
2,823

39

41

—

2,903

Total commercial loans and leases

$53,946


$1,682


$951


$204


$56,783

Total commercial criticized loans and leases of $3.0 billion as of December 31, 2019 increased $199 million compared with December 31, 2018. Commercial criticized loans and leases as a percent of total commercial loans and leases of 5.3% at December 31, 2019 increased from 5.0% at December 31, 2018. Commercial criticized balances of $2.5 billion, or 6.1% of the commercial loan portfolio as of December 31, 2019, increased from $2.3 billion, or 5.5%, as of December 31, 2018. Commercial real estate criticized balances of $353 million, or 2.6% of the commercial real estate portfolio, decreased from $500 million, or 3.8%, as of December 31, 2018. Commercial criticized loans represented 83% of total criticized loans as of December 31, 2019 compared to 80% as of December 31, 2018. Commercial real estate accounted for 12% of total criticized loans as of December 31, 2019 compared to 18% as of December 31, 2018.
Nonperforming commercial loans and leases increased $44 million to $245 million as of December 31, 2019 from $201 million as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2019, total commercial nonperforming loans were 0.4% of the commercial loans and leases portfolio and remained stable to December 31, 2018. Total 2019 commercial loan and lease portfolio net charge-offs of $116 million increased from $33 million in 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the commercial loan and lease portfolio annualized net charge-off ratio of 0.20% increased from 0.06% for the year ended December 31, 2018, reflecting the impact of several uncorrelated losses.
Retail Loan Asset Quality
For retail loans, we primarily utilize payment and delinquency status to regularly review and monitor credit quality trends. Historical experience indicates that the longer a loan is past due, the greater the likelihood of future credit loss. The largest portion of the retail portfolio is represented by borrowers located in the New England, Mid-

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 57

Atlantic and Midwest regions, although we lend selectively in areas outside the footprint primarily in the auto finance, education lending and unsecured portfolios.
The following tables present asset quality metrics for the retail loan portfolio:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Average refreshed FICO for total portfolio
764

 
763

CLTV ratio for secured real estate(1)
59
%
 
58
%
Nonperforming retail loans as a percentage of total retail (2)
0.74
%
 
0.94
%
(1) The real estate secured portfolio CLTV is calculated as the mortgage and second lien loan balance divided by the most recently available value of the property.
(2) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, nonperforming balances exclude both fully and partially guaranteed residential mortgage loans sold to Ginnie Mae for which we have the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase. Prior periods have been adjusted to exclude partially guaranteed amounts to conform with the current period presentation.
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
Change
 
Percent

Net charge-offs

$314

 

$284

 

$30

 
11
%
Annualized net charge-off rate
0.52
%
 
0.48
%
 
4 bps

 
Retail asset quality remained relatively stable with December 31, 2018. The net charge-off rate of 0.52% for the year ended December 31, 2019 reflected an increase of 4 basis points from the year ended December 31, 2018, driven by expected seasoning in retail growth portfolios including personal and education refinance loans.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
TDR is the classification given to a loan that has been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial hardship that we would not otherwise make. TDRs typically result from our loss mitigation efforts and are undertaken in order to improve the likelihood of recovery and continuity of the relationship. Our loan modifications are handled on a case-by-case basis and are negotiated to achieve mutually agreeable terms that maximize loan collectability and meet our borrower’s financial needs. The types of concessions include interest rate reductions, term extensions, principal forgiveness and other modifications to the structure of the loan that fall outside our lending policy. Depending on the specific facts and circumstances of the customer, restructuring can involve loans moving to nonaccrual, remaining on nonaccrual, or remaining on accrual status.
As of December 31, 2019, $667 million of retail loans were classified as TDRs, compared with $723 million as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2019, $143 million of retail TDRs were in nonaccrual status with 38% current with payments, compared to $181 million in nonaccrual status with 49% current on payments at December 31, 2018. TDRs generally return to accrual status once repayment capacity and appropriate payment history can be established. TDRs are individually evaluated for impairment and loans, once classified as TDRs, remain classified as TDRs until paid off, sold or refinanced at market terms. For additional information regarding TDRs, see “—Critical Accounting Estimates — Allowance for Credit Losses” and Note 5 in Item 8.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 58

The following tables present retail TDRs by loan class, including delinquency status for accruing TDRs and TDRs in nonaccrual:
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
 
As a % of Accruing Retail TDRs
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
Accruing
 
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
90+ Days Past Due
 
Nonaccruing
 
Total
Residential mortgages

$113

 
3.8
%
 
2.1
%
 

$41

 

$154

Home equity loans
68

 
0.7

 
—

 
19

 
87

Home equity lines of credit
147

 
0.9

 
—

 
53

 
200

Home equity loans serviced by others
22

 
0.3

 
—

 
9

 
31

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
3

 
—

 
—

 
3

 
6

Automobile
13

 
0.2

 
—

 
8

 
21

Education
127

 
0.9

 
0.3

 
7

 
134

Credit cards
26

 
0.6

 
—

 
2

 
28

Other retail
5

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
6

Total

$524

 
7.4
%
 
2.4
%
 

$143

 

$667

 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
As a % of Accruing Retail TDRs
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
Accruing
 
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
90+ Days Past Due
 
Nonaccruing
 
Total
Residential mortgages

$111

 
3.0
%
 
1.6
%
 

$44

 

$155

Home equity loans
85

 
0.7

 
—

 
25

 
110

Home equity lines of credit
138

 
0.9

 
—

 
64

 
202

Home equity loans serviced by others
31

 
0.3

 
—

 
10

 
41

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
3

 
—

 
—

 
5

 
8

Automobile
13

 
0.2

 
—

 
10

 
23

Education
131

 
0.9

 
0.3

 
22

 
153

Credit cards
24

 
0.4

 
—

 
1

 
25

Other retail
6

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
6

Total

$542

 
6.4
%
 
1.9
%
 

$181

 

$723


Impact of Nonperforming Loans and Leases on Interest Income
The following table presents the gross interest income for both nonaccrual and restructured loans that would have been recognized if those loans had been current in accordance with their original contractual terms, and had been outstanding throughout the year, or since origination if held for only part of the year. The table also presents the interest income related to these loans that was actually recognized for the year.
(in millions)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
Gross amount of interest income that would have been recorded (1)

$122

Interest income actually recognized
12

     Total interest income foregone

$110

(1) Based on the contractual rate that was being charged at the time the loan was restructured or placed on nonaccrual status.
Cross-Border Outstandings
Cross-border outstandings can include loans, receivables, interest-bearing deposits with other banks, other interest-bearing investments and other monetary assets that are denominated in either dollars or non-local currency. As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, there were no aggregate cross-border outstandings from borrowers or counterparties in any country that exceeded 1%, or were between 0.75% and 1% of consolidated total assets.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 59

    Non-Core Assets    
The table below presents the composition of our non-core assets:
 
December 31,
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
Change

 
Percent

Commercial

$6

 

$72

 

($66
)
 
(92
%)
Commercial real estate
11

 
14

 
(3
)
 
(21
)
Leases
444

 
670

 
(226
)
 
(34
)
Total commercial loans and leases
461

 
756

 
(295
)
 
(39
)
Residential mortgages
91

 
110

 
(19
)
 
(17
)
Home equity loans
23

 
31

 
(8
)
 
(26
)
Home equity lines of credit
14

 
21

 
(7
)
 
(33
)
Home equity loans serviced by others
289

 
399

 
(110
)
 
(28
)
Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
74

 
104

 
(30
)
 
(29
)
Education
166

 
210

 
(44
)
 
(21
)
Total retail loans
657

 
875

 
(218
)
 
(25
)
Total non-core loans
1,118

 
1,631

 
(513
)
 
(31
)
Other assets
122

 
96

 
26

 
27

Total non-core assets

$1,240

 

$1,727

 

($487
)
 
(28
%)
Non-core assets are primarily liquidating loan and lease portfolios inconsistent with our strategic priorities, generally as a result of geographic location, industry, product type or risk level and are included in Other.

Deposits
The following table presents the major components of our deposits:
 
December 31,
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
Percent
Demand

$29,233

 

$29,458

 

($225
)
 
(1
%)
Checking with interest
24,840

 
23,067

 
1,773

 
8

Regular savings
13,779

 
12,007

 
1,772

 
15

Money market accounts
38,725

 
35,701

 
3,024

 
8

Term deposits
18,736

 
19,342

 
(606
)
 
(3
)
Total deposits

$125,313

 

$119,575

 

$5,738

 
5
%
    
Total deposits as of December 31, 2019, increased $5.7 billion, or 5%, to $125.3 billion compared to $119.6 billion, driven by growth in money market accounts, checking with interest and savings, partially offset by a decrease in term deposits and demand deposits. Citizens Access®, our national digital platform, attracted $5.8 billion of deposits through December 31, 2019, up from $3.0 billion as of December 31, 2018.
The following table presents the average balances and average interest rates paid for deposits.
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
(dollars in millions)
Average Balances
Yields/ Rates
 
Average Balances
Yields/ Rates
 
Average Balances
Yields/ Rates
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits (1)

$28,936

—

 

$29,231

—

 

$28,134

—

Checking with interest

$23,470

0.87
%
 

$21,856

0.63
%
 

$21,458

0.37
%
Money market accounts
36,613

1.23

 
36,497

0.94

 
37,450

0.53

Regular savings
13,247

0.57

 
10,238

0.15

 
9,384

0.04

Term deposits
21,035

2.03

 
18,035

1.61

 
15,448

1.04

Total interest-bearing deposits (1)

$94,365

1.22
%
 

$86,626

0.91
%
 

$83,740

0.53
%
(1) The aggregate amount of deposits by foreign depositors in domestic offices was $1.7 billion, $1.2 billion and $1.0 billion as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 60

 
Borrowed Funds
Short-term borrowed funds
The following table presents a summary of our short-term borrowed funds:
 
December 31,
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
Change

 
Percent

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

$265

 

$336

 

($71
)
 
(21
%)
Federal funds purchased
—

 
820

 

($820
)
 
(100
%)
Other short-term borrowed funds(1)
9

 
161

 
(152
)
 
(94
)
Total short-term borrowed funds

$274

 

$1,317

 

($1,043
)
 
(79
%)
(1) Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, borrowed funds balances and the associated interest expense are classified based on original maturity. Prior periods have been adjusted to conform with the current period presentation.

The net decrease in other short-term borrowed funds of $152 million resulted primarily from a decrease in short-term FHLB advances.
    Our advances, lines of credit, and letters of credit from the FHLB are collateralized by pledged mortgages and securities at least sufficient to satisfy the collateral maintenance level established by the FHLB. The utilized borrowing capacity for FHLB advances and letters of credit was $9.8 billion and $13.0 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our remaining available FHLB borrowing capacity was $7.2 billion and $4.8 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We can also borrow from the FRB discount window to meet short-term liquidity requirements. Collateral, including certain loans, is pledged to support this borrowing capacity. At December 31, 2019, our unused secured borrowing capacity was approximately $38.9 billion, which included unencumbered securities, FHLB borrowing capacity, and FRB discount window capacity.
The following table presents key data related to our short-term borrowed funds:
 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Weighted-average interest rate at year-end: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
0.41
%
 
1.72
%
 
0.74
%
Other short-term borrowed funds
3.85

 
2.73

 
1.33

Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end during the year:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (2)

$1,499

 

$1,282

 

$1,174

Other short-term borrowed funds
511

 
1,110

 
2,759

Average amount outstanding during the year:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (2)

$599

 

$654

 

$776

Other short-term borrowed funds
66

 
467

 
1,571

Weighted-average interest rate during the year: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
1.36
%
 
0.92
%
 
0.36
%
Other short-term borrowed funds
2.50

 
2.10

 
1.09

(1) Rates exclude certain hedging costs.
(2) Balances are net of certain short-term receivables associated with reverse repurchase agreements, as applicable.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 61

Long-term borrowed funds
The following table presents a summary of our long-term borrowed funds:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Parent Company:
 
 
 
2.375% fixed-rate senior unsecured debt, due July 2021

$349

 

$349

4.150% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due September 2022
348

 
348

3.750% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due July 2024
250

 
250

4.023% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due October 2024
42

 
42

4.350% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due August 2025
249

 
249

4.300% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due December 2025
750

 
749

2.850% fixed-rate senior unsecured notes, due July 2026
496

 
—

CBNA’s Global Note Program:
 
 
 
2.500% senior unsecured notes, due March 2019

$—

 

$748

2.450% senior unsecured notes, due December 2019
—

 
744

2.250% senior unsecured notes, due March 2020
700

 
691

2.447% floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due March 2020 (1)
300

 
300

2.487% floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due May 2020 (1)
250

 
250

2.200% senior unsecured notes, due May 2020
500

 
499

2.250% senior unsecured notes, due October 2020
750

 
738

2.550% senior unsecured notes, due May 2021
991

 
964

3.250% senior unsecured notes, due February 2022
711

 
—

2.629% floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due February 2022 (1)
299

 
—

2.727% floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due May 2022 (1)
250

 
249

2.650% senior unsecured notes, due May 2022
501

 
487

3.700% senior unsecured notes, due March 2023
515

 
502

2.911% floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due March 2023 (1)
249

 
249

3.750% senior unsecured notes, due February 2026
521

 
—

Additional Borrowings by CBNA and Other Subsidiaries:
 
 
 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances, 2.006% weighted average rate, due through 2038
5,008

 
7,508

Other
18

 
9

Total long-term borrowed funds(2)

$14,047

 

$15,925

(1) Rate disclosed reflects the floating rate as of December 31, 2019.
(2) Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, borrowed funds balances and the associated interest expense are classified based on original maturity. Prior periods have been adjusted to conform with the current period presentation.


Long-term borrowed funds of $14.0 billion as of December 31, 2019 decreased $1.9 billion from December 31, 2018, reflecting a decrease of $2.5 billion in FHLB borrowings, partially offset by an increase of $613 million in subordinated debt and unsecured notes.
The Parent Company’s long-term borrowed funds as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 included principal balances of $2.5 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, and unamortized deferred issuance costs and/or discounts of ($8) million and ($5) million, respectively. CBNA and other subsidiaries’ long-term borrowed funds as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 included principal balances of $11.5 billion and $14.0 billion, respectively, with unamortized deferred issuance costs and/or discounts of ($13) million and ($14) million, respectively, and hedging basis adjustments of $50 million and ($66) million, respectively. See Note 13 in Item 8 for further information about our hedging of certain long-term borrowed funds.
QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table presents unaudited quarterly Consolidated Statements of Operations data and Consolidated Balance Sheet data as of and for the four quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. We have prepared the Consolidated Statements of Operations data and Balance Sheet data on the same basis as our Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 and, in the opinion of management, each Consolidated Statement of Operations and Balance Sheet includes

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 62

all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the results of operations and balance sheet data as of and for these periods. This information should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes in Item 8.
Supplementary Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data (unaudited)
 
For the Three Months Ended
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
December 31, 2019
 
September 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2019
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
June 30, 2018
 
March 31, 2018
Operating Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income

$1,143

 

$1,145

 

$1,166

 

$1,160

 

$1,172

 

$1,148

 

$1,121

 

$1,091

Noninterest income (7)
494

 
493

 
462

 
428

 
421

 
416

 
388

 
371

Total revenue
1,637

 
1,638

 
1,628

 
1,588

 
1,593

 
1,564

 
1,509

 
1,462

Provision for credit losses
110

 
101

 
97

 
85

 
85

 
78

 
85

 
78

Noninterest expense (1) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
986

 
973

 
951

 
937

 
951

 
910

 
875

 
883

Income before income tax expense (benefit)
541

 
564

 
580

 
566

 
557

 
576

 
549

 
501

Income tax expense (2) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
91

 
115

 
127

 
127

 
92

 
133

 
124

 
113

Net income (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

$450

 

$449

 

$453

 

$439

 

$465

 

$443

 

$425

 

$388

Net income available to common stockholders (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

$427

 

$432

 

$435

 

$424

 

$450

 

$436

 

$425

 

$381

Net income per average common share- basic (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

$0.98

 

$0.97

 

$0.95

 

$0.92

 

$0.96

 

$0.92

 

$0.88

 

$0.78

Net income per average common share- diluted (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
0.98

 
0.97

 
0.95

 
0.92

 
0.96

 
0.91

 
0.88

 
0.78

Other Operating Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Return on average common equity (9)
8.30
%
 
8.35
%
 
8.54
%
 
8.62
%
 
9.16
%
 
8.82
%
 
8.65
%
 
7.83
%
Return on average tangible common equity (9)
12.39

 
12.44

 
12.75

 
13.00

 
13.85

 
13.29

 
12.93

 
11.71

Return on average total assets (9)
1.08

 
1.10

 
1.13

 
1.11

 
1.17

 
1.13

 
1.11

 
1.04

Return on average total tangible assets (9)
1.13

 
1.15

 
1.17

 
1.16

 
1.22

 
1.18

 
1.16

 
1.08

Efficiency ratio (9)
60.28

 
59.40

 
58.41

 
59.00

 
59.69

 
58.20

 
57.95

 
60.43

Net interest margin (9) (10)
3.04

 
3.10

 
3.20

 
3.23

 
3.23

 
3.20

 
3.20

 
3.19

Net interest margin, FTE (9) (11)
3.06

 
3.12

 
3.21

 
3.25

 
3.25

 
3.22

 
3.22

 
3.21

Share Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared and paid per common share

$0.36

 

$0.36

 

$0.32

 

$0.32

 

$0.27

 

$0.27

 

$0.22

 

$0.22

Dividend payout ratio
37
%
 
37
%
 
34
%
 
35
%
 
28
%
 
29
%
 
25
%
 
28
%


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 63

 
As of
(dollars in millions)
December 31, 2019
 
September 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2019
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
June 30, 2018
 
March 31, 2018
Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Total assets

$165,733

 

$164,362

 

$162,749

 

$161,342

 

$160,518

 

$158,598

 

$155,431

 

$153,453

Loans and leases (12)
119,088

 
117,880

 
116,838

 
117,615

 
116,660

 
114,720

 
113,407

 
111,425

Allowance for loan and lease losses
1,252

 
1,263

 
1,227

 
1,245

 
1,242

 
1,242

 
1,253

 
1,246

Total securities
24,669

 
25,602

 
25,898

 
25,651

 
25,075

 
25,485

 
25,513

 
25,433

Goodwill
7,044

 
7,044

 
7,040

 
7,040

 
6,923

 
6,946

 
6,887

 
6,887

Total liabilities
143,532

 
142,511

 
140,732

 
139,811

 
139,701

 
138,322

 
134,964

 
133,394

Deposits
125,313

 
124,714

 
124,004

 
123,916

 
119,575

 
117,075

 
117,073

 
115,730

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
265

 
867

 
1,132

 
668

 
1,156

 
374

 
326

 
315

Other short-term borrowed funds(13)
9

 
210

 
309

 
11

 
161

 
512

 
10

 
10

Long-term borrowed funds (13)
14,047

 
12,806

 
11,538

 
11,725

 
15,925

 
17,133

 
15,130

 
14,970

Total stockholders’ equity
22,201

 
21,851

 
22,017

 
21,531

 
20,817

 
20,276

 
20,467

 
20,059

Asset Quality Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases
1.05
%
 
1.07
%
 
1.05
%
 
1.06
%
 
1.06
%
 
1.08
%
 
1.10
%
 
1.12
%
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans and leases (14)
178

 
171

 
169

 
167

 
162

 
154

 
149

 
144

Nonperforming loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases (14)
0.59

 
0.63

 
0.62

 
0.63

 
0.66

 
0.70

 
0.74

 
0.79

Capital ratios:(15)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital ratio
10.0

 
10.3

 
10.5

 
10.5

 
10.6

 
10.8

 
11.2

 
11.2

Tier 1 capital ratio
11.1

 
11.1

 
11.3

 
11.3

 
11.3

 
11.2

 
11.6

 
11.4

Total capital ratio
13.0

 
13.0

 
13.4

 
13.4

 
13.3

 
13.4

 
13.8

 
13.9

Tier 1 leverage ratio
10.0

 
9.9

 
10.1

 
10.0

 
10.0

 
9.9

 
10.2

 
10.0

(1) Fourth quarter 2019 noninterest expense included $37 million of pre-tax notable items consisting of $35 million in other notable items ($35 million in TOP programs and other efficiency initiatives) and $2 million of integration costs associated with acquisitions.
(2) Fourth quarter 2019 income tax expense included $33 million of benefits associated with other notable items ($24 million largely tied to legacy tax matters and $9 million in TOP programs and other efficiency initiatives).
(3) Fourth quarter 2019 net income included $4 million of after-tax notable items consisting of $2 million in total integration costs associated with acquisitions and $2 million in other notable items (including $24 million largely tied to legacy tax matters offset by $26 million in after-tax TOP programs and other efficiency initiatives).
(4) Third quarter 2019 noninterest expense included $19 million of pre-tax notable items consisting of $15 million in other notable items ($15 million in TOP programs and other efficiency initiatives) and $4 million of integration costs associated with acquisitions. Income tax expense included $15 million of benefits associated with notable items ($14 million in other notable items, consisting of $10 million related to an operational restructure and $4 million in TOP programs and other efficiency initiatives, and $1 million for integration costs associated with acquisitions). Net income included $4 million of after-tax notable items consisting of $3 million of total integration costs associated with acquisitions and $1 million in other notable items (including $10 million related to an operational restructure offset by $11 million in after-tax TOP programs and other efficiency initiatives).
(5) Second quarter 2019 noninterest expense included $7 million of pre-tax notable items for total integration costs associated with acquisitions. Income tax expense and net income included $2 million and $5 million, respectively, related these notable items.
(6) First quarter 2019 noninterest expense included $5 million of pre-tax notable items for total integration costs associated with acquisitions. Income tax expense and net income included $1 million and $4 million, respectively, related to these notable items.
(7) Fourth quarter 2018 noninterest income included $5 million of pre-tax notable items ($4 million in FAMC integration costs and $1 million in other pre-tax notable items). Noninterest expense included $45 million of pre-tax notable items consisting of $33 million in other notable items ($33 million in TOP efficiency initiatives) and $12 million of FAMC integration costs. Income tax expense included $41 million of benefit associated with notable items ($37 million in other notable items consisting of $8 million in TOP efficiency initiatives and $29 million of net deferred tax liability adjustment) and $4 million in FAMC integration costs. Net income included $9 million of after-tax notable items consisting of $12 million of FAMC integration costs offset by $3 million other notable items (including $29 million of net deferred tax liability adjustment offset by $25 million in after-tax TOP efficiency initiatives and $1 million of noninterest income notable items).
(8) Third quarter 2018 noninterest expense included $9 million of pre-tax notable items for FAMC integration costs. Income tax expense included $2 million of benefits associated with notable items for FAMC integration costs and net income included $7 million of after-tax notable items for FAMC integration costs.
(9) Ratios for the periods above are presented on an annualized basis.
(10) Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, we changed the method of calculating our net interest margin to equal net interest income, annualized based on the number of days in the period, divided by average total interest-earning assets. Prior periods have been adjusted to conform with the current period presentation.
(11) Net interest margin is presented on a FTE basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 21%.
(12) Excludes LHFS of $3.3 billion, $2.0 billion, $2.2 billion, $1.3 billion, $1.3 billion, $1.3 billion, $710 million, and $800 million as of December 31, 2019, September 30, 2019, June 30, 2019, March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018, September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.
(13) Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, borrowed funds balances and the associated interest expense are classified based on original maturity. Prior periods have been adjusted to conform with the current period presentation.
(14) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, nonperforming balances exclude both fully and partially guaranteed residential mortgage loans sold to Ginnie Mae for which we have the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase. Prior periods have been adjusted to exclude partially guaranteed amounts to conform with the current period presentation.
(15) The capital ratios and associated components are prepared using the U.S. Basel III Standardized transitional approach.




 
 
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CAPITAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS
As a bank holding company and a financial holding company, we are subject to regulation and supervision by the FRB. Our banking subsidiary, CBNA, is a national banking association whose primary federal regulator is the OCC. Our regulation and supervision continues to evolve as the legal and regulatory frameworks governing our operations continue to change. The current operating environment reflects heightened regulatory expectations around consumer compliance, the Bank Secrecy Act, anti-money laundering compliance, and increased internal audit activities, among other factors. For more information, see the “Regulation and Supervision” section in Item 1.
Dodd-Frank Act
The Dodd-Frank Act regulates many aspects of the financial services industry and addresses among other things, systemic risk, capital adequacy, deposit insurance assessments, consumer financial protection, derivatives and securities markets, restrictions on an insured bank’s transactions with its affiliates, lending limits and mortgage lending practices.
    In October 2019, the FRB and the other banking regulators finalized rules that tailor the application of the enhanced prudential standards to bank holding companies and depository institutions to implement the EGRRCPA amendments to the Dodd-Frank Act (“Tailoring Rules”). Concurrently, the FRB and other banking regulators finalized the regulatory capital, liquidity and resolution plan requirements to firms with more than $100 billion in total assets. Category IV firms with $100 billion to $250 billion in total assets, such as us, will, among other things, be subject to biennial supervisory stress-testing and will be exempt from company-run stress testing and related disclosure requirements. The FRB will continue to supervise Category IV firms on an ongoing basis, including evaluation of the capital adequacy and capital planning processes during off-cycle years. Category IV firms are also no longer required to submit resolution plans. For more information, see the “Tailoring of Prudential Requirements” and “Resolution Planning” sections in Item 1.
In light of the Tailoring Rules, the FRB provided us relief in February 2019 from certain regulatory requirements related to supervisory stress testing, company-run stress testing, and related disclosure requirements for the 2019 stress test cycle. As a result, we were not required to participate in the supervisory stress test of CCAR, conduct company-run stress tests, or submit a capital plan to the FRB for 2019. We remain subject to the requirement to develop and maintain an annual capital plan that is reviewed and approved by our Board of Directors (or one of its committees), as well as FR Y-14 reporting requirements. The FRB has not objected to our maximum planned capital actions for the period beginning July 1, 2019 and ending June 30, 2020, which are largely based on the results for our 2018 supervisory stress test, adjusted for any changes in our regulatory capital ratios since the FRB acted on our 2018 capital plan. On June 27, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized common share repurchases of up to $1.275 billion over the four-quarter period beginning July 1, 2019. The timing and exact amount of future share repurchases will depend on various factors, including capital position, financial performance and market conditions.
    

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 65

Capital Framework
Under the current U.S. Basel III capital framework, we and our banking subsidiary must meet the following specific minimum requirements: CET1 capital ratio of 4.5%, tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%, total capital ratio of 8.0%, and tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0%. A capital conservation buffer (“CCB”) of 2.5% is imposed on top of the three minimum risk-based capital ratios listed above.
In July 2019, the FRB and the other federal banking regulators issued a final rule to simplify regulatory capital treatment for MSRs, certain DTAs and significant investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions, pursuant to EGRRCPA. Effective for us on April 1, 2020, the final rule will change the individual CET1 deduction threshold for these assets from 10% to 25%, eliminate the aggregate deduction threshold for these assets of 15%, assign a 250% risk weight for any MSRs or DTAs not deducted from CET1 capital, and assign an exposure category risk weight for investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions not deducted from CET1 capital.
The table below presents our actual regulatory capital ratios under the U.S. Basel III Standardized rules:
 
Actual
Required Minimum plus Required CCB for Non-Leverage Ratios(1)(2)
(in millions, except ratio data)
Amount
Ratio
December 31, 2019
CET1 capital

$14,304

10.0
%
7.0

Tier 1 capital
15,874

11.1

8.5

Total capital
18,542

13.0

10.5

Tier 1 leverage
15,874

10.0

4.0

Risk-weighted assets
142,915

 
 
Quarterly adjusted average assets
158,782

 
 
December 31, 2018
CET1 capital

$14,485

10.6
%
6.4
%
Tier 1 capital
15,325

11.3

7.9

Total capital
18,157

13.3

9.9

Tier 1 leverage
15,325

10.0

4.0

Risk-weighted assets
136,202

 
 
Quarterly adjusted average assets
153,026

 
 
(1) Required “Minimum Capital ratio” for 2019 and 2018 are: Common equity tier 1 capital of 4.5%; Tier 1 capital of 6.0%; Total capital of 8.0%; and Tier 1 leverage of 4.0%.
(2) “Minimum Capital ratio” includes capital conservation buffer of 2.500% for 2019 and 1.875% for 2018; N/A to Tier 1 leverage.

At December 31, 2019, our CET1 capital, tier 1 capital and total capital ratios were 10.0%, 11.1% and 13.0%, respectively, as compared with 10.6%, 11.3% and 13.3%, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. The CET1 capital ratio decreased as $6.7 billion of risk-weighted asset (“RWA”) growth, the impact of the capital actions described in “—Capital Transactions” below, and an increase in goodwill and intangibles related to Acquisitions, were partially offset by net income for the year ended December 31, 2019. The tier 1 capital ratio decreased as the changes in the CET1 capital ratio were partially offset by the issuance of preferred stock as described further in “—Capital Transactions” below. The total capital ratio decreased due to the changes in CET1 and tier 1 capital ratios and an increase in non-qualifying subordinated debt. At December 31, 2019, our CET1 capital, tier 1 capital and total capital ratios were approximately 300 basis points, 260 basis points and 250 basis points, respectively, above their regulatory minimums plus the capital conservation buffer. All ratios remained well above the U.S. Basel III minima.
Regulatory Capital Ratios and Capital Composition
CET1 capital under U.S. Basel III Standardized rules totaled $14.3 billion at December 31, 2019, and decreased $181 million from $14.5 billion at December 31, 2018, as common share repurchases, dividends and an increase in goodwill and intangibles related to Acquisitions were partially offset by net income for the year ended December 31, 2019. Tier 1 capital at December 31, 2019 totaled $15.9 billion, reflecting a $549 million increase from $15.3 billion at December 31, 2018, driven by the changes in CET1 capital and the issuance of preferred stock. At December 31, 2019, we had $1.6 billion of non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock issued and outstanding, an increase of $730 million from $840 million at December 31, 2018, given the first quarter 2019 issuance of 300,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock and the fourth quarter 2019 issuance of 450,000 shares of Series E Preferred

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 66

Stock that qualified as additional tier 1 capital. Total capital of $18.5 billion at December 31, 2019, increased $385 million from December 31, 2018, driven by the changes in CET1 and tier 1 capital and an increase in non-qualifying subordinated debt.
RWA totaled $142.9 billion at December 31, 2019, based on U.S. Basel III Standardized rules, up $6.7 billion from December 31, 2018. This increase was driven by growth in retail loans, including education, residential mortgages and unsecured retail portfolios, as well as higher commercial loans and commitments, higher derivative valuations and multi-family loans. The increase in RWA was also driven by the creation of a right-of-use asset in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and market risk RWA, as we met the reporting threshold prescribed by Market Risk Capital Guidelines. These increases were partially offset by run-off in the home equity portfolio and lower investment securities.
As of December 31, 2019, the tier 1 leverage ratio was 10.0% and was stable with December 31, 2018 as the $5.8 billion increase in quarterly adjusted average assets was offset by the increase in tier 1 capital.
The following table presents our capital composition under the U.S. Basel III capital framework:
(in millions)
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Total common stockholders’ equity

$20,631

 

$19,977

Exclusions:(1)
 
 
 
Net unrealized losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax:
 
 
 
Debt and equity securities
(1
)
 
490

Derivatives
(3
)
 
143

Unamortized net periodic benefit costs
415

 
463

Deductions:
 
 
 
Goodwill
(7,044
)
 
(6,923
)
Deferred tax liability associated with goodwill
374

 
366

Other intangible assets
(68
)
 
(31
)
Total common equity tier 1
14,304

 
14,485

Qualifying preferred stock
1,570

 
840

Total tier 1 capital
15,874

 
15,325

Qualifying subordinated debt(2)
1,372

 
1,499

Allowance for loan and lease losses
1,252

 
1,242

Allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposure
44

 
91

Total capital

$18,542

 

$18,157

(1) As a U.S. Basel III Standardized approach institution, we selected the one-time election to opt-out of the requirements to include all the components of AOCI.
(2) As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the amount of non-qualifying subordinated debt excluded from regulatory capital was $267 million and $139 million, respectively.

Capital Adequacy Process
Our assessment of capital adequacy begins with our risk appetite and risk management framework. This framework provides for the identification, measurement and management of material risks. Capital requirements are determined for actual and forecasted risk portfolios using applicable regulatory capital methodologies. The assessment also considers the possible impacts of approved and proposed changes to regulatory capital requirements. Key analytical frameworks, including stress testing, which enable the assessment of capital adequacy versus unexpected loss under a variety of stress scenarios, supplement our base line forecast. A governance framework supports our capital planning process, including capital management policies and procedures that document capital adequacy metrics and limits, as well as our Capital Contingency Plan and the active engagement of both the legal-entity boards and senior management in oversight and decision-making.
Forward-looking assessments of capital adequacy feed development of a single capital plan covering us and our banking subsidiary that is periodically submitted to the FRB. We prepare this plan in full compliance with the FRB’s Capital Plan Rule and we participate annually in the FRB’s horizontal capital review, which is the FRB’s assessment of specific capital planning areas as part of their normal supervisory process.
All distributions proposed under our Capital Plan are subject to consideration and approval by our Board of Directors prior to execution. The timing and exact amount of future dividends and share repurchases will depend on various factors, including our capital position, financial performance and market conditions.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 67

Capital Transactions
We completed the following capital actions during 2019:
•
Declared quarterly common stock dividends of $0.32 per share for the first and second quarters of 2019, and $0.36 per share for the third and fourth quarters of 2019, aggregating to $617 million;
•
Declared semi-annual dividends of $27.50 per share on the 5.500% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual Series A Preferred Stock, aggregating to $14 million;
•
Declared semi-annual dividends of $30.00 per share on the 6.000% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual Series B Preferred Stock, aggregating to $18 million;
•
Declared quarterly dividends of $15.94 per share on the 6.375% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual Series C Preferred Stock, aggregating to $19 million;
•
Issued $300 million, or 12,000,000 depository shares, of 6.350% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual Series D Preferred Stock (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), par value of $25.00 per share with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share, with net proceeds of $293 million;
•
Declared quarterly dividends of $11.82 per share in the first quarter of 2019 and $15.88 per share in the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2019 on the Series D Preferred Stock, aggregating to $18 million;
•
Issued $450 million, or 18,000,000 depository shares, of 5.000% fixed-rate non-cumulative perpetual Series E Preferred Stock (the “Series E Preferred Stock”), par value of $25.00 per share with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share, with net proceeds of $437 million;
•
Declared a quarterly dividend of $9.44 per share in fourth quarter 2019 on the Series E Preferred Stock, aggregating to $4 million; and
•
Repurchased $1.2 billion of our outstanding common stock
Banking Subsidiary’s Capital
The following table presents CBNA’s capital ratios under U.S. Basel III Standardized rules:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(dollars in millions, except ratio data)
Amount

Ratio
 
Amount

Ratio
CET1 capital

$15,610

11.0
%
 

$11,994

10.6
%
Tier 1 capital
15,610

11.0

 
11,994

10.6

Total capital
17,937

12.6

 
14,252

12.5

Tier 1 leverage
15,610

9.9

 
11,994

9.9

Risk-weighted assets
142,555


 
113,610


Quarterly adjusted average assets
158,391


 
121,686


CBNA CET1 capital totaled $15.6 billion at December 31, 2019, up $3.6 billion from $12.0 billion at December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily driven by the net impact of the merger of CBPA into CBNA effective January 2, 2019, and net income for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was partially offset by dividend payments to the Parent Company and an increase in goodwill and intangibles related Acquisitions. Total capital was $17.9 billion at December 31, 2019, an increase of $3.7 billion from December 31, 2018, driven by the change in CET1 capital, an increase in the ACL, primarily attributable to the merger and slightly offset by an increase in non-qualifying subordinated debt.
CBNA had RWA of $142.6 billion at December 31, 2019, an increase of $28.9 billion from December 31, 2018 driven primarily by the merger of CBPA into CBNA, in addition to growth in retail loans, commercial loans and commitments and higher derivative valuations. RWA was also increased by the creation of a right-of-use asset in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and market risk RWA, as we met the reporting threshold prescribed by Market Risk Capital Guidelines. These increases were partially offset by run-off in the home equity portfolio and certain sales of investment securities.
As of December 31, 2019, the CBNA tier 1 leverage ratio was 9.9% and was stable with December 31, 2018 as the $36.7 billion increase in quarterly adjusted average assets was offset by the increase in tier 1 capital.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 68

LIQUIDITY
Liquidity is defined as our ability to meet our cash flow and collateral obligations in a timely manner, at a reasonable cost. An institution must maintain operating liquidity to meet its expected daily and forecasted cash flow requirements, as well as contingent liquidity to meet unexpected (stress scenario) funding requirements. As noted earlier, reflecting the importance of meeting all unexpected and stress scenario funding requirements, we identify and manage contingent liquidity; consisting of cash balances at the FRB, unencumbered high-quality and liquid securities, and unused FHLB borrowing capacity. Separately, we also identify and manage asset liquidity (cash balances at the FRB and unencumbered securities) as a subset of contingent liquidity (asset liquidity and undrawn FHLB capacity). We consider the effective and prudent management of liquidity to be fundamental to our financial health and strength.
We manage liquidity at the consolidated enterprise level and at each material legal entity, including at the Parent Company and CBNA level.
Parent Company Liquidity
Our Parent Company’s primary sources of cash are dividends and interest received from CBNA as a result of investing in bank equity and subordinated debt and externally issued preferred stock as well as senior and subordinated debt. Uses of cash include the routine cash flow requirements as a bank holding company, including periodic share repurchases and payments of dividends, interest and expenses; the needs of subsidiaries, including CBNA, for additional equity and, as required, its need for debt financing; and the support for extraordinary funding requirements when necessary. To the extent the Parent Company has relied on wholesale borrowings, uses also include payments of related principal and interest.
On January 29, 2019, the Parent Company issued $300 million, or 12,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of its 6.350% fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual Series D Preferred Stock, par value of $25.00 per share with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share). For further information, see Note 16 in Item 8.
On July 25, 2019, the Parent Company issued $500 million in seven-year 2.850% fixed-rate senior notes.
On October 28, 2019, the Parent Company issued $450 million, or 18,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of its 5.000% fixed-rate non-cumulative perpetual Series E Preferred Stock, par value of $25.00 per share with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent to $25 per depositary share). For further information, see Note 16 in Item 8.
On February 6, 2020, the Parent Company issued $300 million in ten-year 2.500% fixed-rate senior notes.
For further information on outstanding debt and preferred stock, see Note 12 and Note 16 in Item 8.
During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Parent Company declared and paid dividends on common stock of $617 million and $471 million, respectively, and declared dividends on preferred stock of $73 million and $29 million, respectively. In addition, the Parent Company repurchased $1.220 billion and $1.025 billion of its outstanding common stock, respectively.
Our Parent Company’s cash and cash equivalents represent a source of liquidity that can be used to meet various needs and totaled $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2019 compared with $911 million as of December 31, 2018. The Parent Company’s double-leverage ratio (the combined equity investment in Parent Company subsidiaries divided by Parent Company equity) is a measure of reliance on equity cash flows from subsidiaries to fund Parent Company obligations. At December 31, 2019, the Parent Company’s double-leverage ratio was 99%.
CBNA Liquidity
In the ordinary course of business, the liquidity of CBNA is managed by matching sources and uses of cash. The primary sources of bank liquidity include deposits from our consumer and commercial customers; payments of principal and interest on loans and debt securities; and wholesale borrowings, as needed, and as described under “—Liquidity Risk Management and Governance.” The primary uses of bank liquidity include withdrawals and maturities of deposits; payment of interest on deposits; funding of loans and related commitments; and funding of securities purchases. To the extent that CBNA has relied on wholesale borrowings, uses also include payments of related principal and interest. For further information on CBNA’s outstanding debt, see Note 12 in Item 8.
As CBNA’s major businesses involve taking deposits and making loans, a key role of liquidity management is to ensure that customers have timely access to funds from deposits and for loans. Liquidity management also involves

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 69

maintaining sufficient liquidity to repay wholesale borrowings, pay operating expenses and support extraordinary funding requirements when necessary.
On February 14, 2019, CBNA issued $1.5 billion in senior notes, consisting of $700 million in three-year 3.250% fixed-rate notes, $300 million in three-year floating-rate notes, and $500 million in seven-year 3.750% fixed-rate notes.
Liquidity Risk
We define liquidity risk as the risk that an entity will be unable to meet its payment obligations in a timely manner, at a reasonable cost. Liquidity risk can arise due to contingent liquidity risk and/or funding liquidity risk.
Contingent liquidity risk is the risk that market conditions may reduce an entity’s ability to liquidate, pledge and/or finance certain assets and thereby substantially reduce the liquidity value of such assets. Drivers of contingent liquidity risk include general market disruptions as well as specific issues regarding the credit quality and/or valuation of a security or loan, issuer or borrower and/or asset class.
Funding liquidity risk is the risk that market conditions and/or entity-specific events may reduce an entity’s ability to raise funds from depositors and/or wholesale market counterparties. Drivers of funding liquidity risk may be idiosyncratic or systemic, reflecting impediments to operations and/or damaged market confidence.
Factors Affecting Liquidity
Given the composition of assets and borrowing sources, contingent liquidity risk at CBNA would be materially affected by events such as deterioration of financing markets for high-quality securities (e.g., mortgage-backed securities and other instruments issued by the GNMA, FNMA and the FHLMC), by any inability of the FHLBs to provide collateralized advances and/or by a refusal of the FRB to act as a lender of last resort in systemic stress.
Similarly, given the structure of its balance sheet, the funding liquidity risk of CBNA would be materially affected by an adverse idiosyncratic event (e.g., a major loss, causing a perceived or actual deterioration in its financial condition), an adverse systemic event (e.g., default or bankruptcy of a significant capital markets participant), or a combination of both. Consequently, and despite ongoing exposure to a variety of idiosyncratic and systemic events, we view our contingent liquidity risk and our funding liquidity risk to be relatively modest.
An additional variable affecting our access to unsecured wholesale market funds and to large denomination (i.e., uninsured) customer deposits is the credit ratings assigned by such agencies as Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch. The following table presents our credit ratings:
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Moody’s  
 
Standard and
Poor’s
 
Fitch  
 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc.:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term issuer
NR
 
BBB+
 
BBB+
 
Short-term issuer
NR
 
A-2
 
F1
 
Subordinated debt
NR
 
BBB
 
BBB
 
Preferred Stock
NR
 
BB+
 
BB-
 
Citizens Bank, National Association:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term issuer
Baa1
 
A-
 
BBB+
 
Short-term issuer
NR
 
A-2
 
F1
 
Long-term deposits
A1
 
NR
 
A-
 
Short-term deposits
P-1
 
NR
 
F1
NR = Not Rated
Changes in our public credit ratings could affect both the cost and availability of our wholesale funding. As a result and in order to maintain a conservative funding profile, CBNA continues to minimize reliance on unsecured wholesale funding. At December 31, 2019, our wholesale funding consisted primarily of secured borrowings from the FHLBs collateralized by high-quality residential mortgages and term debt issued by the Parent Company and CBNA.
Existing and evolving regulatory liquidity requirements represent another key driver of systemic liquidity conditions and liquidity management practices. The FRB, the OCC and the FDIC regularly evaluate our liquidity as part of the overall supervisory process. In addition we are subject to existing and evolving regulatory liquidity requirements, some of which are subject to further rulemaking, guidance and interpretation by the applicable

 
 
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federal regulators. For further discussion, see the “Regulation and Supervision — Financial Regulatory Reform” and “—Liquidity Requirements” sections in Item 1.
The LCR was developed by the U.S. federal banking regulators to ensure banks have sufficient high-quality liquid assets to cover expected net cash outflows over a 30-day liquidity stress period. In accordance with the October 2019 Final Rules, Category IV institutions with less than $50 billion in weighted short-term wholesale funding, such as us, are no longer subject to the requirements of the LCR rule as of December 31, 2019.
Liquidity Risk Management and Governance
Liquidity risk is measured and managed by the Funding and Liquidity unit within our Treasury unit in accordance with policy guidelines promulgated by our Board and the Asset Liability Committee. In managing liquidity risk, the Funding and Liquidity unit delivers regular and comprehensive reporting, including current levels versus threshold limits, for a broad set of liquidity metrics and early warning indicators, explanatory commentary relating to emerging risk trends and, as appropriate, recommended remedial strategies.
Our Funding and Liquidity unit’s primary goal is to deliver and otherwise maintain prudent levels of operating liquidity (to support expected and projected funding requirements), and contingent liquidity (to support unexpected funding requirements resulting from idiosyncratic, systemic, and combination stress events, and regulatory liquidity requirements) in a timely manner from stable and cost-efficient funding sources.
We seek to accomplish this goal by funding loans with stable deposits; by prudently controlling dependence on wholesale funding, particularly short-term unsecured funding; and by maintaining ample available liquidity, including a contingent liquidity buffer of unencumbered high-quality loans and securities. As of December 31, 2019:
•
Core deposits continued to be our primary source of funding and our consolidated year-end loans-to-deposits ratio, which excludes LHFS, was 95.0%;
•
Our cash position (which is defined as cash balance held at the FRB) totaled $2.1 billion;
•
Contingent liquidity was $28.5 billion, consisting of unencumbered high-quality liquid securities of $19.2 billion, unused FHLB capacity of $7.2 billion, and our cash position of $2.1 billion. Asset liquidity (a component of contingent liquidity) was $21.3 billion, consisting of our cash position of $2.1 billion and unencumbered high-quality liquid securities of $19.2 billion;
•
Available discount window capacity, defined as available total borrowing capacity from the FRB based on identified collateral, is secured by non-mortgage commercial and retail loans and totaled $12.4 billion. Use of this borrowing capacity would be considered only during exigent circumstances; and
•
For a summary of our sources and uses of cash by type of activity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, see the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in Item 8.
The Funding and Liquidity unit monitors a variety of liquidity and funding metrics and early warning indicators and metrics, including specific risk thresholds limits. These monitoring tools are broadly classified as follows:
•
Current liquidity sources and capacities, including cash at the FRBs, free and liquid securities and available and secured FHLB borrowing capacity;
•
Liquidity stress sources, including idiosyncratic, systemic and combined stresses, in addition to evolving regulatory requirements; and
•
Current and prospective exposures, including secured and unsecured wholesale funding and spot and cumulative cash-flow gaps across a variety of horizons.
Further, certain of these metrics are monitored individually for CBNA, and for our consolidated enterprise on a daily basis, including cash position, unencumbered securities, asset liquidity, and available FHLB borrowing capacity. In order to identify emerging trends and risks and inform funding decisions, specific metrics are also forecasted over a one-year horizon.
    

 
 
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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table presents our outstanding contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019:
(in millions)
Total

Less than 1 year
1 to 3 years
3 to 5 years
More than 5 years
Deposits with a stated maturity of less than one year (1) (2)

$106,577


$106,577


$—


$—


$—

Term deposits (1)
18,736

16,151

2,311

270

4

Long-term borrowed funds (1) (3)
14,047

2,504

8,462

1,058

2,023

Contractual interest payments (4)
895

324

329

155

87

Lease liabilities maturing under non-cancelable operating leases
806

150

275

182

199

Purchase obligations (5)
822

317

320

148

37

Total outstanding contractual obligations

$141,883


$126,023


$11,697


$1,813


$2,350

(1) Deposits and long-term borrowed funds exclude interest.
(2) Includes demand, checking with interest, regular savings, and money market account deposits. See “—Deposits” for further information.
(3) Includes obligations under capital leases.
(4) Includes accrued interest and future contractual interest obligations related to long-term borrowed funds.
(5) Includes purchase obligations for goods and services covered by non-cancelable contracts and contracts including cancellation fees.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
The following table presents our outstanding off-balance sheet arrangements. For further information, see Note 18 in Item 8:
 
December 31,
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
Change

 
Percent

Commitments to extend credit

$72,743

 

$69,553

 

$3,190

 
5
%
Letters of credit
2,190

 
2,125

 
65

 
3

Risk participation agreements
37

 
19

 
18

 
95

Loans sold with recourse
37

 
5

 
32

 
NM

Marketing rights
33

 
37

 
(4
)
 
(11
)
Total

$75,040

 

$71,739

 

$3,301

 
5
%
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our audited Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included in this Report, are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to establish accounting policies and make estimates that affect amounts reported in our audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
An accounting estimate requires assumptions and judgments about uncertain matters that could have a material effect on our audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Estimates are made using facts and circumstances known at a point in time. Changes in those facts and circumstances could produce results substantially different from those estimates. Our most significant accounting policies and estimates and their related application are discussed below. See Note 1 in Item 8, for further discussion of our significant accounting policies.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Management’s estimate of probable losses in our loan and lease portfolios including unfunded lending commitments is recorded in the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments, at levels that we believe to be appropriate as of the balance sheet date. The reserve for unfunded lending commitments is reported as a component of other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our determination of such estimates is based on a periodic evaluation of the loan and lease portfolios and unfunded credit facilities, as well as other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective and requires significant estimates and judgments of underlying factors, all of which are susceptible to change.
The ALLL and reserve for unfunded lending commitments could be affected by a variety of internal and external factors. Internal factors include portfolio performance such as delinquency levels, assigned risk ratings, the mix and level of loan balances, differing economic risks associated with each loan category and the financial condition of specific borrowers. External factors include fluctuations in the general economy, unemployment rates, bankruptcy filings, developments within a particular industry, changes in collateral values and factors particular to

 
 
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a specific commercial credit such as competition, business and management performance. The ALLL may be adjusted to reflect our current assessment of various qualitative risks, factors and events that may not be measured in our statistical procedures. There is no certainty that the ALLL and reserve for unfunded lending commitments will be appropriate over time to cover losses because of unanticipated adverse changes in any of these internal, external or qualitative factors. There were no material changes in assumptions or estimation techniques compared with prior years that impacted the determination of the current year’s ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments.
The evaluation of the adequacy of the commercial, commercial real estate, and lease ALLL and reserve for unfunded lending commitments is primarily based on risk rating models that assess probability of default (“PD”), loss given default (“LGD”) and exposure at default on an individual loan basis. The models are primarily driven by individual customer financial characteristics and are validated against historical experience. Additionally, qualitative factors are included in the risk rating models. After the aggregation of individual borrower incurred loss, additional overlays can be made based on back-testing against historical losses and forward loss curve ratios.
For nonaccruing commercial and commercial real estate loans with an outstanding balance of $3 million or greater and for all commercial and commercial real estate TDRs (regardless of size), we conduct specific analysis on a loan level basis to determine the probable amount of credit loss. If appropriate, a specific ALLL is established for the loan through a charge to the provision for credit losses. For all classes of impaired loans, individual loan measures of impairment may result in a charge-off to the ALLL, if deemed appropriate. In such cases, the provision for credit losses is not affected when a specific reserve for at least that amount already exists. Techniques utilized include comparing the loan’s carrying amount to the estimated present value of its future cash flows, the fair value of its underlying collateral, or the loan’s observable market price. The technique applied to each impaired loan is based on the workout officer’s opinion of the most probable workout scenario. Historically, this has generally led to the use of the estimated present value of future cash flows approach. The fair value of underlying collateral will be used if the loan is deemed collateral dependent. For loans that use the fair value of underlying collateral approach, a charge-off assessment is performed quarterly to write the loans down for declines in value to fair value less cost to sell.
For most non-impaired retail loan portfolio types, the ALLL is based upon the incurred loss model utilizing the PD, LGD and exposure at default on an individual loan basis. When developing these factors, we may consider the loan product and collateral type, delinquency status, LTV ratio, lien position, borrower’s credit, time outstanding, geographic location and incurred loss period. Incurred loss periods are reviewed and updated at least annually, and potentially more frequently when economic situations change rapidly, as they tend to fluctuate with economic cycles. Incurred loss periods are generally longer in good economic times and shorter in bad times. Certain retail portfolios, including education, unsecured personal loans, SBO home equity loans and credit card receivables utilize roll rate or vintage models to estimate the ALLL.
For home equity lines and loans, a number of factors impact the PD. Specifically, the borrower’s current FICO score, the utilization rate, delinquency statistics, borrower income, current CLTV ratio and months on books are all used to assess the borrower’s creditworthiness. Similarly, LGD is also impacted by various factors, including the utilization rate, the CLTV ratio, the lien position, the Housing Price Index change for the location (as measured by the Case-Shiller index), age of the loan and current loan balance.
When we are not in a first lien position, we use delinquency information on the first lien exposures obtained from third-party credit information providers in the credit assessment. For all first liens, whether owned by a third party or by us, an additional assessment is performed on a quarterly basis. In this assessment, the most recent three months’ performance of the senior liens is reviewed for delinquency (90 days or more past due), modification, foreclosure and/or bankruptcy statuses. If any derogatory status is present, the junior lien will be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of its delinquency status on our books. This subsequent change to nonaccrual status will alter the treatment in the PD model, thus affecting the reserve calculation.
In addition, the first lien exposure is combined with the second lien exposure to generate a CLTV. The CLTV is a more accurate reflection of the leverage of the borrower against the property value, as compared to the LTV from just the junior lien(s). The CLTV is used for modeling both the junior lien PD and LGD. This also impacts the ALLL rates for the junior lien HELOCs.
The above measures are all used to assess the PD and LGD for HELOC borrowers for whom we originated the loans.
For retail TDRs that are not collateral-dependent, allowances are developed using the present value of expected future cash flows, compared to the recorded investment in the loans. Expected re-default factors are considered in this analysis. Retail TDRs that are deemed collateral-dependent are written down to the fair market

 
 
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value of the collateral less costs to sell. The fair value of collateral is periodically monitored subsequent to the modification.
Changes in the levels of estimated losses can significantly affect management’s determination of an appropriate ALLL. For retail loans, losses are affected by such factors as loss severity, collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. A one basis point and five basis point increase in the estimated loss rate for retail loans at December 31, 2019 would have increased the ALLL by $6 million and $31 million, respectively. The ALLL for our Commercial Banking segment is sensitive to assigned credit risk ratings and inherent loss rates. If 10% and 20% of the December 31, 2019 year end loan balances (including unfunded commitments) within each risk rating category of our Commercial Banking segment had experienced downgrades of two risk categories, the ALLL would have increased by $66 million and $126 million, respectively.
Commercial loans and leases are charged off to the ALLL when there is little prospect of collecting either principal or interest. Charge-offs of commercial loans and leases usually involve receipt of borrower-specific adverse information. For commercial collateral-dependent loans, an appraisal or other valuation is used to quantify a shortfall between the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell and the recorded investment in the commercial loan. Retail loan charge-offs are generally based on established delinquency thresholds rather than borrower-specific adverse information. When a loan is collateral-dependent, any shortfalls between the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell and the recorded investment is promptly charged off. Placing any loan or lease on nonaccrual status does not by itself require a partial or total charge-off; however, any identified losses are charged off at that time.
For additional information regarding the ALLL and reserve for unfunded lending commitments, see Note 1 and Note 5 in Item 8.
Fair Value
We measure fair value using the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is based upon quoted market prices in an active market, where available. If quoted prices are not available, observable market-based inputs or independently sourced parameters are used to develop fair value, whenever possible. Such inputs may include prices of similar assets or liabilities, yield curves, interest rates, prepayment speeds and foreign exchange rates.
We classify our assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value in accordance with the three-level valuation hierarchy:
•
Level 1. Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•
Level 2. Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and
•
Level 3. Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market information and that are significant to the fair value measurement.
Classification in the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability. For instruments classified in Level 1 and 2 where inputs are primarily based upon observable market data, there is less judgment applied in arriving at the fair value. For instruments classified in Level 3, management judgment is more significant due to the lack of observable market data.
We review and update the fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes from one quarter to the next related to the observability of inputs in fair value measurements may result in a reclassification between the fair value hierarchy levels and are recognized based on year-end balances. We also verify the accuracy of the pricing provided by our primary external pricing service on a quarterly basis. This process involves using a secondary external vendor to provide valuations for our securities portfolio for comparison purposes. Any securities with discrepancies beyond a certain threshold are researched and, if necessary, valued by an independent outside broker.
Fair value is also used on a nonrecurring basis to evaluate certain assets for impairment or for disclosure purposes. Examples of nonrecurring uses of fair value include mortgage servicing rights accounted for by the amortization method, loan impairments for certain loans and goodwill.
The fair value of assets under operating leases is determined using collateral specific pricing digests, external appraisals, broker opinions, recent sales data from industry equipment dealers, and the discounted cash flows

 
 
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derived from the underlying lease agreement. As market data for similar assets and lease agreements is available and used in the valuation, these assets are classified as Level 2.
MSRs do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices. MSRs are classified as Level 3 since the valuation methodology utilizes significant unobservable inputs. The fair value was calculated using a discounted cash flow model which used assumptions, including weighted-average life, prepayment assumptions and weighted-average option adjusted spread. It is important to note that changes in our assumptions may not be independent of each other. Changes in one assumption may result in changes to another (e.g., changes in interest rates, which are inversely correlated to changes in prepayment rates, may result in changes to discount rates), which could impact sensitivities. The underlying assumptions and estimated values are corroborated by values received from independent third parties based on their review of the servicing portfolio, and comparisons to market transactions. In addition, the MSR Policy is approved by the Asset Liability Committee.
For additional information regarding our fair value measurements, see Note 1, Note 3, Note 8, Note 13, and Note 19 in Item 8.

ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS
Accounting standards issued but not adopted as of December 31, 2019
Pronouncement
Summary of Guidance
Effects on Financial Statements
Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes

Issued December 2019
•
The guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences.

•
Simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates.

•
Clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill.


• Required effective date: January 1, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020.

• Adoption did not have an impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Disclosure Requirements - Fair Value Measurements

Issued August 2018
•
Amends disclosure requirements on fair value measurements.

•
The guidance eliminates requirements for certain disclosures that are no longer considered relevant or cost beneficial, requires new disclosures and modifies existing disclosures that are expected to enhance the usefulness of the financial statements.

•
Prospective application is required for new disclosure requirements.

•
Retrospective application is required for all other amendments for all periods presented.

•
Required effective date: January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We did not adopt this guidance prior to the required effective date.

•
Adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.


 
 
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RISK GOVERNANCE
We are committed to maintaining a strong, integrated and proactive approach to the management of all risks to which we are exposed in pursuit of our business objectives. A key aspect of our Board’s responsibility as the main decision making body is setting our risk appetite to ensure that the levels of risk that we are willing to accept in the attainment of our strategic business and financial objectives are clearly understood.
To enable our Board to carry out its objectives, it has delegated authority for risk management activities, as well as governance and oversight of those activities, to a number of Board and executive management level risk committees. The Executive Risk Committee (“ERC”), chaired by the Chief Risk Officer, is responsible for oversight of risk across the enterprise and actively considers our inherent material risks, analyzes our overall risk profile and seeks confirmation that the risks are being appropriately identified, assessed and mitigated. Reporting to the ERC are the following additional committees, covering specific areas of risk: Compliance and Operational Risk Committee, Model Risk Committee, Credit Policy Committee, Asset Liability Committee, Business Initiatives Review Committee, and the Conduct and Ethics Committee.
Risk Framework
Our risk management framework is embedded in our business through a “Three Lines of Defense” model which defines responsibilities and accountabilities for risk management activities.
First Line of Defense
The business lines (including their associated support functions) are the first line of defense and are accountable for identifying, assessing, managing, and controlling the risks associated with the products and services they provide. The business lines are responsible for performing regular risk assessments to identify and assess the material risks that arise in their area of responsibility, complying with relevant risk policies, testing and certifying the adequacy and effectiveness of their operational and financial reporting controls on a regular basis, establishing and documenting operating procedures and establishing and owning a governance structure for identifying and managing risk.
Second Line of Defense
The second line of defense includes independent monitoring and control functions accountable for developing and ensuring implementation of risk and control frameworks and related policies. This centralized risk function is appropriately independent from the business and is accountable for overseeing and challenging our business lines on the effective management of their risks, including credit, market, operational, regulatory, reputational, interest rate, liquidity and strategic risks.
Third Line of Defense
Our Internal Audit function is the third line of defense providing independent assurance with a view of the effectiveness of our internal controls, governance practices, and culture so that risk is managed appropriately for the size, complexity, and risk profile of the organization. Internal Audit has complete and unrestricted access to any and all of our records, physical properties and personnel. Internal Audit issues a report following each internal review and provides an audit opinion to the Board’s Audit Committee on a quarterly basis.
Credit Quality Assurance reports to the Chief Audit Executive and provides the legal-entity boards, senior management and other stakeholders with independent assurance on the quality of credit portfolios and adherence to agreed Credit Risk Appetite and Credit Policies and processes. In line with its procedures and regulatory expectations, the Credit Quality Assurance function undertakes a program of portfolio testing, assessing and reporting through four Risk Pillars of Asset Quality, Rating and Data Integrity, Risk Management and Credit Risk Appetite.
Risk Appetite
Risk appetite is a strategic business and risk management tool. We define our risk appetite as the maximum limit of acceptable risk beyond which we could be unable to achieve our strategic objectives and capital adequacy obligations.
Our principal non-market risks include credit, operational, regulatory, reputational, liquidity and strategic risks. We are also subject to certain market risks which include potential losses arising from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices and/or other relevant market rates or prices. Market risk in our business arises from trading activities that serve customer needs, including hedging of interest rates, foreign exchange risk and non-trading activities within capital markets. We have established enterprise-wide policies

 
 
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and methodologies to identify, measure, monitor and report on market risk. We actively manage both trading and non-trading market risks. See “—Market Risk” for further information. Our risk appetite is reviewed and approved annually by the Board Risk Committee.
Credit Risk
Overview
Credit risk represents the potential for loss arising from a customer, counterparty, or issuer failing to perform in accordance with the contractual terms of the obligation. While the majority of our credit risk is associated with lending activities, we do engage with other financial counterparties for a variety of purposes including investing, asset and liability management, and trading activities. Given the financial impact of credit risk on our earnings and balance sheet, the assessment, approval and management of credit risk represents a major part of our overall risk-management responsibility.
Objective
The independent Credit Risk Function is responsible for reviewing and approving credit risk appetite across all lines of business and credit products, approving larger and higher risk credit transactions, monitoring portfolio performance, identifying problem credit exposures, and ensuring remedial management.
Organizational Structure
Management and oversight of credit risk is the responsibility of both the business line and the second line of defense. The second line of defense, the independent Credit Risk Function, is led by the Chief Credit Officer who oversees all of our credit risk. The Chief Credit Officer reports to the Chief Risk Officer. The Chief Credit Officer, acting in a manner consistent with Board policies, has responsibility for, among other things, the governance process around policies, procedures, risk acceptance criteria, credit risk appetite, limits and authority delegation. The Chief Credit Officer and team also have responsibility for credit approvals for larger and higher risk transactions and oversight of line of business credit risk activities. Reporting to the Chief Credit Officer are the heads of the second line of defense credit functions specializing in: Consumer Banking, Commercial Banking, Citizens Restructuring Management, Portfolio and Corporate Reporting, ALLL Analytics, Current Expected Credit Loss, and Credit Policy and Administration. Each team under these leaders is composed of highly experienced credit professionals.
Governance
The primary mechanisms used to govern our credit risk function are our consumer and commercial credit policies. These policies outline the minimum acceptable lending standards that align with our desired risk appetite. Material changes in our business model and strategies that identify a need to change our risk appetite or highlight a risk not previously contemplated are identified by the individual committees and presented to the Credit Policy Committee, Executive Risk Committee and the Board Risk Committee for approval, as appropriate.
Key Management Processes
We employ a comprehensive and integrated risk control program to proactively identify, measure, monitor, and mitigate existing and emerging credit risks across the credit life cycle (origination, account management/portfolio management, and loss mitigation and recovery).
Consumer
On the Consumer Banking side of credit risk, our teams use models to evaluate consumer loans across the life cycle of the loan. Starting at origination, credit scoring models are used to forecast the probability of default of an applicant. When approving customers for a new loan or extension of an existing credit line, credit scores are used in conjunction with other credit risk variables such as affordability, length of term, collateral value, collateral type, and lien subordination.
To ensure proper oversight of the underwriting teams, lending authority is granted by the second line of defense credit risk function to each underwriter. The amount of delegated authority depends on the experience of the individual. We periodically evaluate the performance of each underwriter and annually reauthorize their delegated authority. Only senior members of the second line of defense credit risk team are authorized to approve significant exceptions to credit policies. It is not uncommon to make exceptions to established policies when compensating factors are present. There are exception limits which, when reached, trigger a comprehensive analysis.

 
 
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Once an account is established, credit scores and collateral values are refreshed at regular intervals to allow for proactive identification of increasing or decreasing levels of credit risk. Our approach to managing credit risk is highly analytical and, where appropriate, is automated, to ensure consistency and efficiency.
Commercial
On the Commercial Banking side of credit risk, the structure is broken into C&I loans and leases and CRE. Within C&I loans and leases there are separate verticals established for certain specialty products (e.g., asset-based lending, leasing, franchise finance, health care, and technology, mid-corporate). A “specialty vertical” is a stand-alone team of industry or product specialists. Substantially all activity that falls under the ambit of the defined industry or product is managed through a specialty vertical when one exists. CRE also operates as a specialty vertical.
Commercial credit risk management begins with defined credit products and policies.
Commercial transactions are subject to individual analysis and approval at origination and, with few exceptions, are subject to a formal annual review requirement. The underwriting process includes the establishment and approval of credit grades that confirm the PD and LGD. All material transactions then require the approval of both a business line approver and an independent credit approver with the requisite level of delegated authority. The approval level of a particular credit facility is determined by the size of the credit relationship as well as the PD. The checks and balances in the credit process and the independence of the credit approver function are designed to appropriately assess and sanction the level of credit risk being accepted, facilitate the early recognition of credit problems when they occur, and to provide for effective problem asset management and resolution. All authority to grant credit is delegated through the independent Credit Risk function and is closely monitored and regularly updated.
The primary factors considered in commercial credit approvals are the financial strength of the borrower, assessment of the borrower’s management capabilities, cash flows from operations, industry sector trends, type and sufficiency of collateral, type of exposure, transaction structure, and the general economic outlook. While these are the primary factors considered, there are a number of other factors that may be considered in the decision process. In addition to the credit analysis conducted during the approval process at origination and annual review, our Credit Quality Assurance group performs testing to provide an independent review and assessment of the quality of the portfolio and new originations. This group conducts portfolio reviews on a risk-based cycle to evaluate individual loans, and validate risk ratings, as well as test the consistency of the credit processes and the effectiveness of credit risk management.
The maximum level of credit exposure to individual credit borrowers is limited by policy guidelines based on the perceived risk of each borrower or related group of borrowers. Concentration risk is managed through limits on industry asset class and loan quality factors. We focus predominantly on extending credit to commercial customers with existing or expandable relationships within our primary markets (for this purpose defined as our 11 state footprint plus contiguous states), although we do engage in lending opportunities outside our primary markets if we believe that the associated risks are acceptable and aligned with strategic initiatives.
Substantially all loans categorized as Classified are managed by a specialized group of credit professionals.
MARKET RISK
Market risk refers to potential losses arising from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices and/or other relevant market rates or prices. Modest market risk arises from trading activities that serve customer needs, including hedging of interest rate and foreign exchange risk. As described below, more material market risk arises from our non-trading banking activities, such as loan origination and deposit-gathering. We have established enterprise-wide policies and methodologies to identify, measure, monitor and report market risk. We actively manage market risk for both trading and non-trading activities.
Non-Trading Risk
We are exposed to market risk as a result of non-trading banking activities. This market risk is substantially composed of interest rate risk, as we have no commodity risk and de minimis direct currency and equity risk. We also have market risk related to capital markets loan originations, as well as the valuation of our MSRs.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk emerges from the balance sheet after the aggregation of our assets, liabilities and equity. We refer to this non-trading risk embedded in the balance sheet as “structural interest rate risk” or “interest rate risk in the banking book.”

 
 
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A major source of structural interest rate risk is a difference in the repricing of assets relative to liabilities and equity. There are differences in the timing and drivers of rate changes reflecting the maturity and/or repricing of assets and liabilities. For example, the rate earned on a commercial loan may reprice monthly with changes in LIBOR, while the rate paid on debt or certificates of deposit may be fixed for a longer period. There may also be differences in the drivers of rate changes. Loans may be tied to a specific index rate such as LIBOR or Prime, while deposits may be only loosely correlated with LIBOR and dependent upon competitive demand. Due to these basis differences, net interest income is sensitive to changes in spreads between certain indices or repricing rates.
Another important source of structural interest rate risk relates to the potential exercise of explicit or embedded options. For example, most consumer loans can be prepaid without penalty and most consumer deposits can also be withdrawn without penalty. The exercise of such options by customers can exacerbate the timing differences discussed above.
A primary source of our structural interest rate risk relates to faster repricing of floating-rate loans relative to retail deposit funding. This source of asset sensitivity is more biased toward the short end of the yield curve. After a period of slowly raising short-term rates to a more neutral stance, the FRB adjusted their policy stance with a mid-cycle adjustment, reducing short term rates by 75 basis points in 2019. As this shift occurred, we reduced our asset sensitivity to a more moderate level to account for the less certain outlook for policy rates.
The secondary source of our interest rate risk is driven by longer term rates comprising the rollover or reinvestment risk on fixed-rate loans, as well as prepayment risk on mortgage-related loans and securities funded by non-rate sensitive deposits and equity.
The primary goal of interest rate risk management is to control exposure to interest rate risk within policy limits approved by our Board. These limits and guidelines reflect our tolerance for interest rate risk over both short-term and long-term horizons. To ensure that exposure to interest rate risk is managed within our risk appetite, we must measure the exposure and hedge it, as necessary. The Treasury Asset and Liability Management team is responsible for measuring, monitoring and reporting on our structural interest rate risk position. These exposures are reported on a monthly basis to the Asset Liability Committee and at Board meetings.
We measure structural interest rate risk through a variety of metrics intended to quantify both short-term and long-term exposures. The primary method we use to quantify interest rate risk is simulation analysis in which we model net interest income from assets, liabilities and hedge derivative positions under various interest rate scenarios over a three-year horizon. Exposure to interest rate risk is reflected in the variation of forecasted net interest income across the scenarios.
Key assumptions in this simulation analysis relate to the behavior of interest rates and spreads, the changes in product balances and the behavior of loan and deposit clients in different rate environments. The most material of these behavioral assumptions relate to the repricing characteristics and balance fluctuations of deposits with indeterminate (i.e., non-contractual) maturities, as well as the pace of mortgage prepayments. Assessments are periodically made by running sensitivity analyses to determine the impact of key assumptions. The results of these analyses are reported to the Asset Liability Committee.
As the future path of interest rates cannot be known in advance, we use simulation analysis to project net interest income under various interest rate scenarios including a “most likely” (implied forward) scenario, as well as a variety of deliberately extreme and perhaps unlikely scenarios. These scenarios may assume gradual ramping of the overall level of interest rates, immediate shocks to the level of rates and various yield curve twists in which movements in short- or long-term rates predominate. Generally, projected net interest income in any interest rate scenario is compared to net interest income in a base case where market forward rates are realized.
The table below reports net interest income exposures against a variety of interest rate scenarios. Our policies involve measuring exposures as a percentage change in net interest income over the next year due to either instantaneous or gradual parallel changes in rates relative to the market implied forward yield curve. As the following table illustrates, our balance sheet is asset-sensitive; net interest income would benefit from an increase in interest rates, while exposure to a decline in interest rates is within limit. While an instantaneous and severe shift in interest rates was used in this analysis, we believe that any actual shift in interest rates would likely be more gradual and therefore have a more modest impact.

 
 
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The table below presents the sensitivity of net interest income to various parallel yield curve shifts from the market implied forward yield curve:
 
Estimated % Change in
Net Interest Income over 12 Months
 
December 31,
Basis points
2019

 
2018

Instantaneous Change in Interest Rates
 
 
 
+200
6.9
 %
 
9.5
 %
+100
3.6

 
4.8

-100
(3.8
)
 
(4.5
)
Gradual Change in Interest Rates
 
 
 
+200
3.2
 %
 
4.9
 %
+100
1.5

 
2.5

-100
(1.9
)
 
(1.1
)
    
Given broad expectations that the FRB will maintain its current policy stance, we continue to manage asset sensitivity within the scope of our policy and changing market conditions. Asset sensitivity against a 200 basis point gradual increase in rates was 3.2% at December 31, 2019, compared with 4.9% at December 31, 2018. Additionally, approximately 75% to 80% of this asset sensitivity is tied to long-term interest rate exposure (greater than six months). The risk position can be affected by changes in interest rates which impact the repricing sensitivity or beta of the deposit base as well as the cash flows on assets that allow for early payoff without a penalty. The risk position is managed within our risk limits, and long term view of interest rates through occasional adjustments to securities investments, interest rate swaps and mix of funding.
We use a valuation measure of exposure to structural interest rate risk, Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”), as a supplement to net interest income simulations. EVE complements net interest income simulation analysis, as it estimates risk exposure over a long-term horizon. EVE measures the extent to which the economic value of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments may change in response to fluctuations in interest rates. This analysis is highly dependent upon assumptions applied to assets and liabilities with non-contractual maturities. The change in value is expressed as a percentage of regulatory capital.
We use interest rate swap contracts to manage the interest rate exposure to variability in the interest cash flows on our floating-rate assets and floating-rate wholesale funding, and to hedge market risk on fixed-rate capital markets debt issuances. The table below summarizes the related hedging activities.
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Weighted Average
 
 
Weighted Average
(dollars in millions)
Notional Amount
Fair Value
Maturity (Years)
Receive Rate
Pay Rate
 
Notional Amount
Fair Value
Maturity (Years)
Receive Rate
Pay Rate
Cash flow - receive-fixed/pay-variable - conventional ALM(1)

$19,350


($2
)
1.5

1.7
%
1.7
%
 

$8,100


$3

2.2

1.7
%
2.5
%
Fair value - receive-fixed/pay-variable - conventional debt
4,650

(1
)
2.0

2.0

1.9

 
3,450

2

2.4

1.8

2.7

Cash flow - pay-fixed/receive-variable - conventional ALM
3,000

2

4.5

1.7

1.7

 
500

—

—

2.4

1.3

Fair value - pay-fixed/receive-variable - conventional ALM(2)
2,846

2

4.5

1.8

1.8

 
—

—

—

—

—

Total portfolio swaps

$29,846


$1

2.2

1.8
%
1.8
%
 

$12,050


$5

2.2

1.8
%
2.5
%
Floors - conventional ALM

$—


$—

—

—

—

 

$7,000


$—

0.5

 
 
(1) In 2019, we reduced asset sensitivity over the December 2019 to December 2021 period with the addition of $1.8 billion of December 2019 forward starting
receive-fixed interest rate swaps as part of an ongoing program to manage interest rate risk.
(2) In 2019, we executed a last-of-layer hedge utilizing pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements to manage the interest rate exposure on mortgage-backed
securities held in our available for sale debt securities portfolio. As of December 31, 2019, the notional and fair value of these hedges was $2.0 billion and
$2 million, respectively.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 80


Capital Markets

A key component of our capital markets activities is the underwriting and distribution of corporate credit facilities to partially finance mergers and acquisitions transactions for our clients.  We have a rigorous risk management process around these activities, including a limit structure capping our underwriting risk, our potential loss, and sub-limits for specific asset classes.  Further, the ability to approve underwriting exposure is delegated only to senior level individuals in the credit risk management and capital markets organizations with each transaction adjudicated in the Loan Underwriting Approval Committee.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
We have market risk associated with the value of residential MSRs, which are impacted by various types of inherent risks, including risks related to duration, basis, convexity, volatility and yield curve. Through December 31, 2019, we had elected to account for the MSRs acquired from FAMC at fair value while maintaining a lower of cost or market approach on our MSRs held before the FAMC acquisition. On January 1, 2020, we elected to change our accounting treatment such that all MSRs will be accounted for at fair value.
As part of our overall risk management strategy relative to the fair market value of the MSRs we enter into various free-standing derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, interest rate futures, and forward contracts to purchase mortgage-backed securities to economically hedge the changes in fair value. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the fair value of the FAMC MSRs was $642 million and $600 million, respectively, and the total notional amount of related derivative contracts was $8.6 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively. Gains and losses on MSRs and the related derivatives used for hedging are included in mortgage banking fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our MSRs held before the FAMC acquisition had a book value of $182 million and $221 million, respectively, and were carried at the lower of cost or market. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, these MSRs had a fair value of $193 million and $243 million, respectively, which exceeded the carrying value at those dates.
As with our traded market risk-based activities, earnings at risk excludes the impact of MSRs. MSRs are captured under our single price risk management framework that is used for calculating a management value at risk that is consistent with the definition used by banking regulators, as defined below.
Trading Risk
We are exposed to market risk primarily through client facilitation activities including derivatives and foreign exchange products, as well as underwriting and market making activities. Exposure is created as a result of changes in interest rates and related basis spreads and volatility, foreign exchange rates, and credit spreads on a select range of interest rates, foreign exchange, commodities, corporate bonds and secondary loan instruments. These trading activities are conducted through CBNA and CCMI.
Client facilitation activities consist primarily of interest rate derivatives, financially settled commodity derivatives and foreign exchange contracts where we enter into offsetting trades with a separate counterparty or exchange to manage our market risk exposure. In addition to the aforementioned activities, we operate a secondary loan trading desk with the objective to meet secondary liquidity needs of our issuing clients’ transactions and investor clients. We do not engage in any trading activities with the intent to benefit from short-term price differences.
We record these rate derivatives and foreign exchange contracts as derivative assets and liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Trading assets and liabilities are carried at fair value with income earned related to these activities included in net interest income. Changes in fair value of trading assets and liabilities are reflected in other income, a component of noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Market Risk Governance
The market risk limit setting process is established in-line with the formal enterprise risk appetite process and policy. This appetite reflects the strategic and enterprise level articulation of opportunities for creating franchise value set to the boundaries of how much market risk to assume. Dealing authorities represent the key control tool in the management of market risk that allows the cascading of the risk appetite throughout the enterprise. A dealing authority sets the operational scope and tolerances within which a business and/or trading desk is permitted to operate, which is reviewed at least annually. Dealing authorities are structured to accommodate client facing trades and hedges needed to manage the risk profile. Primary responsibility for keeping within established tolerances

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 81

resides with the business. Key risk indicators, including VaR, open foreign currency positions and single name risk, are monitored on a daily basis and reported against tolerances consistent with our risk appetite and business strategy to relevant business line management and risk counterparts.
Market Risk Measurement
We use VaR as a statistical measure for estimating potential exposure of our traded market risk in normal market conditions. Our VaR framework for risk management and regulatory reporting is the same. Risk management VaR is based on a one day holding period to a 99% confidence level, whereas regulatory VaR is based on a ten day holding period to the same confidence level. In addition to VaR, non-statistical measurements for measuring risk are employed, such as sensitivity analysis, market value and stress testing.
Our market risk platform and associated market risk and valuation models capture correlation effects across all our “covered positions” and allow for aggregation of market risk across products, risk types, business lines and legal entities. We measure, monitor and report market risk for both management and regulatory capital purposes.
VaR Overview
    The market risk measurement model is based on historical simulation. The VaR measure estimates the extent of any fair value losses on trading positions that may occur due to broad market movements (General VaR) such as changes in the level of interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices and commodity prices. It is calculated on the basis that current positions remain broadly unaltered over the course of a given holding period. It is assumed that markets are sufficiently liquid to allow the business to close its positions, if required, within this holding period. VaR’s benefit is that it captures the historic correlations of a portfolio. Based on the composition of our “covered positions,” we also use a standardized add-on approach for the loan trading desk’s Specific Risk capital which estimates the extent of any losses that may occur from factors other than broad market movements. The General VaR approach is expressed in terms of a confidence level over the past 500 trading days. The internal VaR measure (used as the basis of the main VaR trading limits) is a 99% confidence level with a one day holding period, meaning that a loss greater than the VaR is expected to occur, on average, on only one day in 100 trading days (i.e., 1% of the time). Theoretically, there should be a loss event greater than VaR two to three times per year. The regulatory measure of VaR is done at a 99% confidence level with a ten-day holding period. The historical market data applied to calculate the VaR is updated on a two business day lag. Refer to “Market Risk Regulatory Capital” below for details of our ten-day VaR metrics for the quarters ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, including high, low, average and period end VaR for interest rate and foreign exchange rate risks, as well as total VaR.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 82

Market Risk Regulatory Capital
The U.S. banking regulators’ “Market Risk Rule” covers the calculation of market risk capital. For the purposes of the Market Risk Rule, all of our client facing trades and associated hedges maintain a net low risk and do qualify, as “covered positions.” For the three months ended December 31, 2019 we were subject to the reporting threshold under the Market Risk Rule, which resulted in the inclusion of $695 million of calculated risk-weighted assets. However, for the three months ended December 31, 2018, we were not subject to the reporting threshold. As a result, $785 million of calculated market risk-weighted assets as of December 31, 2018 was not included in our risk-weighted assets and our covered trading activities were risk-weighted under U.S. Basel III Standardized credit risk rules. The internal management VaR measure is calculated based on the same population of trades that is utilized for regulatory VaR. The following table presents the results of our modeled and non-modeled measures for regulatory capital calculations:
(in millions)
 
For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
 
For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
Market Risk Category 
 
Period End
 
Average 
 
High
 
Low
 
Period End
 
Average 
 
High
 
Low
Interest Rate
 

$1

 

$—

 

$1

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1

 

$2

 

$—

Foreign Exchange Currency Rate
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Credit Spread
 
5

 
4

 
5

 
3

 
5

 
2

 
5

 
2

Commodity
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

General VaR
 
5

 
4

 
5

 
3

 
5

 
3

 
5

 
1

Specific Risk VaR
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total VaR
 

$5

 

$4

 

$5

 

$3

 

$5

 

$3

 

$5

 

$1

Stressed General VaR
 

$13

 

$10

 

$13

 

$7

 

$13

 

$13

 

$15

 

$10

Stressed Specific Risk VaR
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total Stressed VaR
 

$13

 

$10

 

$13

 

$7

 

$13

 

$13

 

$15

 

$10

Market Risk Regulatory Capital
 

$42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

$47

 
 
 
 
 
 
Specific Risk Not Modeled Add-on
 
14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16

 
 
 
 
 
 
de Minimis Exposure Add-on
 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Market Risk Regulatory Capital
 

$56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

$63

 
 
 
 
 
 
Market Risk-Weighted Assets (calculated)
 

$695

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

$785

 
 
 
 
 
 
Market Risk-Weighted Assets (included in our FR Y-9C regulatory filing) (1)
 

$695

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

$—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1) For the three months ended December 31, 2018 we did not meet the reporting threshold prescribed by Market Risk Rule.

Stressed VaR
SVaR is an extension of VaR, but uses a longer historical look-back horizon that is fixed from January 3, 2005. This is done not only to identify headline risks from more volatile periods, but also to provide a counter-balance to VaR which may be low during periods of low volatility. The holding period for profit and loss determination is ten days. In addition to risk management purposes, SVaR is also a component of market risk regulatory capital. We calculate SVaR daily under its own dynamic window regime. In a dynamic window regime, values of the ten-day, 99% VaR are calculated over all possible 260-day periods that can be obtained from the complete historical data set. Refer to “Market Risk Regulatory Capital” above for details of SVaR metrics, including high, low, average and period end SVaR for the combined portfolio.
Sensitivity Analysis
Sensitivity analysis is the measure of exposure to a single risk factor, such as a one basis point change in rates or credit spread. We conduct and monitor sensitivity on interest rates, basis spreads, foreign exchange exposures, option prices and credit spreads. Whereas VaR is based on previous moves in market risk factors over recent periods, it may not be an accurate predictor of future market moves. Sensitivity analysis complements VaR as it provides an indication of risk relative to each factor irrespective of historical market moves, and is an effective tool in evaluating the appropriateness of hedging strategies and concentrations.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 83

Stress Testing
Conducting a stress test of a portfolio consists of running risk models with the inclusion of key variables that simulate various historical or hypothetical scenarios. For historical stress tests, profit and loss results are simulated for selected time periods corresponding to the most volatile underlying returns while hypothetical stress tests aim to consider concentration risk, illiquidity under stressed market conditions and risk arising from our trading activities that may not be fully captured by our other models. Hypothetical scenarios also assume that market moves happen simultaneously and no repositioning or hedging activity takes place to mitigate losses as market events unfold. We generate stress tests of our trading positions on a daily basis. For example, we currently include a stress test that simulates a “Lehman-type” crisis scenario by taking the worst 20-trading day peak to trough moves for the various risk factors that go into VaR from that period, and assumes they occurred simultaneously.
VaR Model Review and Validation
Market risk measurement models used are independently reviewed and subject to ongoing performance analysis by the model owners. The independent review and validation focuses on the model methodology, market data, and performance. Independent review of market risk measurement models is the responsibility of Citizens’ Model Risk Management and Validation team. Aspects covered include challenging the assumptions used, the quantitative techniques employed and the theoretical justification underpinning them and an assessment of the soundness of the required data over time. Where possible, the quantitative impact of the major underlying modeling assumptions will be estimated (e.g., through developing alternative models). Results of such reviews are shared with our U.S. banking regulators. The market risk models may be periodically enhanced due to changes in market price levels and price action regime behavior. The Market Risk Management and Validation team will conduct internal validation before a new or changed model element is implemented and before a change is made to a market data mapping.
VaR Backtesting
Backtesting is one form of validation of the VaR model and is run daily. The Market Risk Rule requires a comparison of our internal VaR measure to the actual net trading revenue (excluding fees, commissions, reserves, intra-day trading and net interest income) for each day over the preceding year (the most recent 250 business days). Any observed loss in excess of the VaR number is taken as an exception. The level of exceptions determines the multiplication factor used to derive the VaR and SVaR-based capital requirement for regulatory reporting purposes, when applicable. We perform sub-portfolio backtesting as required under the Market Risk Rule, using models approved by our banking regulators, for interest rate, credit spread, and foreign exchange positions.
The following graph shows our daily net trading revenue and total internal, modeled VaR for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Daily VaR Backtesting
graphv4.jpg

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 84

KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS, NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILATIONS
For more information on the computation of key performance metrics and non-GAAP financial measures, see “—Introduction— Key Performance Metrics Used by Management and Non-GAAP Financial Measures,” included in this Report. The following tables present key components and computations of key performance metrics as well as computations of non-GAAP financial measures representing our “Underlying” results used throughout “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions, except share, per-share and ratio data)
Ref.
       2019
 
       2018
Noninterest income, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Noninterest income (GAAP)
 

$1,877

 

$1,596

Less: Notable items
 
—

 
(5
)
Noninterest income, Underlying (non-GAAP)
 

$1,877

 

$1,601

Total revenue, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Total revenue (GAAP)
A

$6,491

 

$6,128

Less: Notable items
 
—

 
(5
)
Total revenue, Underlying (non-GAAP)
B

$6,491

 

$6,133

Noninterest expense, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense (GAAP)
C

$3,847

 

$3,619

Less: Notable items
 
68

 
54

Noninterest expense, Underlying (non-GAAP)
D

$3,779

 

$3,565

Pre-provision profit:
 
 
 
 
Total revenue (GAAP)
A
6,491

 

$6,128

Less: Noninterest expense (GAAP)
C
3,847

 
3,619

Pre-provision profit (GAAP)
 
2,644

 

$2,509

Pre-provision profit, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Total revenue, Underlying (non-GAAP)
B

$6,491

 

$6,133

Less: Noninterest expense, Underlying (non-GAAP)
D
3,779

 
3,565

Pre-provision profit, Underlying (non-GAAP)
 

$2,712

 

$2,568

Income before income tax expense, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax expense (GAAP)
E

$2,251

 

$2,183

Less: Income (expense) before income tax expense (benefit) related to notable items
 
(68
)
 
(59
)
Income before income tax expense, Underlying (non-GAAP)
F

$2,319

 

$2,242

Income tax expense and effective income tax rate, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense (GAAP)
G

$460

 

$462

Less: Income tax expense (benefit) related to notable items
 
(51
)
 
(43
)
Income tax expense, Underlying (non-GAAP)
H

$511

 

$505

Effective income tax rate (GAAP)
G/E
20.43
 %
 
21.16
%
Effective income tax rate, Underlying (non-GAAP)
H/F
22.03

 
22.55

Net income, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Net income (GAAP)
I

$1,791

 

$1,721

Add: Notable items, net of income tax expense (benefit)
 
17

 
16

Net income, Underlying (non-GAAP)
J

$1,808

 

$1,737

Net income available to common stockholders, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Net income available to common stockholders (GAAP)
K

$1,718

 

$1,692

Add: Notable items, net of income tax expense (benefit)
 
17

 
16

Net income available to common stockholders, Underlying (non-GAAP)
L

$1,735

 

$1,708

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 85

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions, except share, per-share and ratio data)
Ref.
       2019
 
       2018
Return on average common equity and return on average common equity, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Average common equity (GAAP)
M

$20,325

 

$19,645

Return on average common equity
K/M
8.45
 %
 
8.62
%
Return on average common equity, Underlying (non-GAAP)
L/M
8.53

 
8.69

Return on average tangible common equity and return on average tangible common equity, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Average common equity (GAAP)
M

$20,325

 

$19,645

Less: Average goodwill (GAAP)
 
7,036

 
6,912

Less: Average other intangibles (GAAP)
 
71

 
14

Add: Average deferred tax liabilities related to goodwill (GAAP)
 
371

 
359

Average tangible common equity
N

$13,589

 

$13,078

Return on average tangible common equity
K/N
12.64
 %
 
12.94
%
Return on average tangible common equity, Underlying (non-GAAP)
L/N
12.76

 
13.06

Return on average total assets and return on average total assets, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Average total assets (GAAP)
O

$162,176

 

$154,553

Return on average total assets
I/O
1.10
 %
 
1.11
%
Return on average total assets, Underlying (non-GAAP)
J/O
1.11

 
1.12

Return on average total tangible assets and return on average total tangible assets, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Average total assets (GAAP)
O

$162,176

 

$154,553

Less: Average goodwill (GAAP)
 
7,036

 
6,912

Less: Average other intangibles (GAAP)
 
71

 
14

Add: Average deferred tax liabilities related to goodwill (GAAP)
 
371

 
359

Average tangible assets
P

$155,440

 

$147,986

Return on average total tangible assets
I/P
1.15
 %
 
1.16
%
Return on average total tangible assets, Underlying (non-GAAP)
J/P
1.16

 
1.17

Efficiency ratio and efficiency ratio, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Efficiency ratio
C/A
59.28
 %
 
59.06
%
Efficiency ratio, Underlying (non-GAAP)
D/B
58.23

 
58.13

Operating leverage and operating leverage, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Increase in total revenue
 
5.91
 %
 
7.37
%
Increase in noninterest expense
 
6.30

 
4.18

Operating Leverage
 
(0.39
)%
 
3.19
%
Increase in total revenue, Underlying (non-GAAP)
 
5.83
 %
 
7.58
%
Increase in noninterest expense, Underlying (non-GAAP)
 
6.00

 
4.30

Operating Leverage, Underlying (non-GAAP)
 
(0.17
)%
 
3.28
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per average common share - basic and diluted, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Average common shares outstanding - basic (GAAP)
Q
449,731,453

 
478,822,072

Average common shares outstanding - diluted (GAAP)
R
451,213,701

 
480,430,741

Net income per average common share - basic (GAAP)
K/Q

$3.82

 

$3.54

Net income per average common share - diluted (GAAP)
K/R
3.81

 
3.52

Net income per average common share-basic, Underlying (non-GAAP)
L/Q
3.86

 
3.57

Net income per average common share-diluted, Underlying (non-GAAP)
L/R
3.84

 
3.56

Dividend payout ratio and dividend payout ratio, Underlying:
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared and paid per common share
S

$1.36

 

$0.98

Dividend payout ratio
S/(K/Q)
36
 %
 
28
%
Dividend payout ratio, Underlying (non-GAAP)
S/(L/Q)
35

 
27










 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 86


 
 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
(in millions, except ratio data)
Ref.
Consumer
Banking
Commercial
Banking
Other
Consolidated
 
Consumer
Banking
Commercial
Banking
Other
Consolidated
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (GAAP)
T

$875


$870


$46


$1,791

 

$767


$927


$27


$1,721

Less: Preferred stock dividends
 
—

—

73

73

 
—

—

29

29

Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
U

$875


$870


($27
)

$1,718

 

$767


$927


($2
)

$1,692

Efficiency ratio:
 

 
 
 

 

 

 

Total revenue (GAAP)
V

$4,338


$2,073


$80


$6,491

 

$4,037


$2,042


$49


$6,128

Noninterest expense (GAAP)
W
2,851

858

138

3,847

 
2,723

813

83

3,619

Efficiency ratio
W/V
65.72
%
41.38
%
NM

59.28
%
 
67.47
%
39.80
%
NM

59.06
%
Return on average total tangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average total assets (GAAP)
 

$66,240


$55,947


$39,989


$162,176

 

$62,444


$52,362


$39,747


$154,553

Less: Average goodwill (GAAP)
 
120

40

6,876

7,036

 
25

11

6,876

6,912

Less: Average other intangibles (GAAP)
 
65

6

—

71

 
12

2

—

14

Add: Average deferred tax liabilities related to goodwill (GAAP)
 
—

—

371

371

 
—

—

359

359

Average total tangible assets
X

$66,055


$55,901


$33,484


$155,440

 

$62,407


$52,349


$33,230


$147,986

Return on average total tangible assets
T/X
1.32
%
1.56
%
NM

1.15
%
 
1.23
%
1.77
%
NM

1.16
%


ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are presented in the “Market Risk” section of Part II, Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is incorporated herein by reference.



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 87

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 
 
Page
Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
89
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on the Consolidated Financial Statements
 
90
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
93
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018
 
94
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
 
95
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
 
96
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
 
97
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017
 
98
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
100
Note 1 - Basis of Presentation
 
100
Note 2 - Cash and Due from Banks
 
102
Note 3 - Securities
 
103
Note 4 - Loans and Leases
 
107
Note 5 - Allowance for Credit Losses, Nonperforming Assets, and Concentrations of Credit Risk
 
109
Note 6 - Premises, Equipment and Software
 
120
Note 7 - Mortgage Banking
 
121
Note 8 - Leases
 
124
Note 9 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 
125
Note 10 - Variable Interest Entities
 
127
Note 11 - Deposits
 
129
Note 12 - Borrowed Funds
 
130
Note 13 - Derivatives
 
132
Note 14 - Employee Benefits
 
135
Note 15 - Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
137
Note 16 - Stockholders’ Equity
 
138
Note 17 - Share-Based Compensation
 
139
Note 18 - Commitments and Contingencies
 
140
Note 19 - Fair Value Measurements
 
142
Note 20 - Noninterest Income
 
148
Note 21 - Other Operating Expense
 
150
Note 22 - Income Taxes
 
150
Note 23 - Earnings Per Share
 
153
Note 24 - Regulatory Matters
 
154
Note 25 - Business Operating Segments
 
155
Note 26 - Parent Company Financials
 
158


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 88

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting is designed, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 based on the framework set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on that assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2019, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their accompanying report, appearing on page 93, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 89

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Citizens Financial Group, Inc.
Providence, Rhode Island
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Citizens Financial Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 24, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 90

ALLL - Commercial Loan Portfolio - Refer to Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
Management’s estimate of probable losses in the Company’s loan and lease portfolios is recorded in the allowance ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the adequacy of the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments by performing reviews of certain individual loans and leases, analyzing changes in the composition, size and delinquency of the portfolio, reviewing previous loss experience and considering current and anticipated economic factors.
The evaluation of the adequacy of the commercial, commercial real estate, and lease (collectively “commercial loan portfolio”) ALLL and reserve for unfunded lending commitments is primarily based on risk rating models that assess probability of default (“PD”), loss given default (“LGD”) and exposure at default on an individual loan basis. The models are primarily driven by individual customer financial characteristics and are validated against historical experience. Additionally, qualitative factors may be included in the risk rating models. After the aggregation of individual borrower incurred loss, additional overlays can be made based on back-testing against historical losses.
The ALLL and the reserve for unfunded commitments is adjusted to reflect Management’s current assessment of various qualitative risks, factors and events that may not be measured in the statistical analysis (“qualitative component”). Such factors include trends in economic conditions, loan growth, back testing results, credit underwriting policy exceptions, regulatory and audit findings, and peer comparisons. The Company’s methodology for determining the qualitative component includes a statistical analysis of prior charge-off rates and a qualitative assessment of factors affecting the determination of incurred losses in the loan and lease portfolio.
Given the size and nature of the commercial loan portfolio and the subjective nature of estimating the ALLL and reserve for unfunded commitments, auditing the ALLL and reserve for unfunded commitments for the commercial loan portfolio involved a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the commercial loan portfolio ALLL and reserve for unfunded commitments included the following, among others:
•
We tested the effectiveness of controls over the (i) PD risk rating models, (ii) reviews of individual loans and the assignment of PD and LGD ratings, (iii) estimation of additional overlays and the qualitative component and (iv) the overall calculation of the commercial loan ALLL and reserve for unfunded commitments.
•
We used our credit specialists to assist us in evaluating the reasonableness of the PD risk rating models.
•
We evaluated the relevance of the historical loss rates and data used in the determination of the ALLL and reserve for unfunded commitments.
•
We evaluated the accuracy of the PD and LGD ratings assigned to a sample of individual loans within the commercial portfolio.
•
We evaluated the appropriateness and relevance of the qualitative factors and related quantitative measures included in the qualitative component.
•
We tested the accuracy and evaluated the relevance of the historical loss data in the statistical analysis of prior charge-off rates used in determining the qualitative component.
•
We evaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s assessment and determination of the qualitative factors and related impact on the estimation of the qualitative component.
•
We tested the arithmetic accuracy of the calculation of the qualitative component.
•
We tested the arithmetic accuracy of the calculation of the commercial loan ALLL and reserve for unfunded commitments.
•
We evaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s commercial ALLL and reserve for unfunded commitments methodology and models by comparing actual loan losses to those amounts previously estimated by the Company.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 91

Current Expected Credit Losses (ASC 326) Adoption -Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company will adopt ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, retrospectively for loans and leases and HTM securities and prospectively for AFS securities.
To estimate the ACL under CECL, Citizens uses models and other estimation techniques that are sensitive to changes in forecasted economic conditions. The Company applies qualitative factors related to idiosyncratic risk factors, changes in current economic conditions that may not be adequately reflected in quantitatively derived results, or other relevant factors to ensure the ACL reflects the Company’s best estimate of current expected credit losses.
The Company expects to recognize an increase in the ACL upon adoption of approximately $450 million, based on a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, and a one-year reversion to long-term historical macroeconomic variables. The increase in ACL is primarily related to consumer loans, such as residential mortgage, unsecured and education, due to the requirement to estimate credit losses over the full remaining expected life of the asset.
Given the subjective nature of estimating the losses under ASC 326 for the purpose of disclosing the estimated impact of the adoption of ASC 326, auditing the disclosure of the expected impact of adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020 involved a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the expected impact of the adoption of ASC 326 disclosure included the following, among others:
•
We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls covering the disclosure of the expected impact of the adoption of ASC 326, including controls covering accounting policy decisions, key assumptions and judgments, loss estimation modeling methodologies and the calculation of the expected credit losses.
•
We evaluated the appropriateness of the accounting policy decisions and disclosure of the estimated impact of the ASC 326 adoption.
•
We, with the assistance of our credit specialists, evaluated the reasonableness of the key assumptions and judgments, losses estimation modeling methodologies and calculated expected credit losses.
•
We tested the arithmetic accuracy of the calculation of the expected credit losses.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 24, 2020
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2000.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 92

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Citizens Financial Group, Inc.
Providence, Rhode Island

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Citizens Financial Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, of the Company and our report dated February 24, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management’s on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Boston, Massachusetts
February 24, 2020


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 93

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except share data)
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
ASSETS:
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks

$1,175

 

$1,081

Interest-bearing cash and due from banks
2,211

 
2,993

Interest-bearing deposits in banks
297

 
148

Debt securities available for sale, at fair value (including $359 and $363 pledged to creditors, respectively) (1)
20,613

 
19,895

Debt securities held to maturity (fair value of $3,242 and $4,041, respectively, and including $249 and $0 pledged to creditors, respectively) (1)
3,202

 
4,165

Equity investment securities, at fair value
47

 
181

Equity investment securities, at cost
807

 
834

Loans held for sale, at fair value
1,946

 
1,219

Other loans held for sale
1,384

 
101

Loans and leases
119,088

 
116,660

Less: Allowance for loan and lease losses
(1,252
)
 
(1,242
)
Net loans and leases
117,836

 
115,418

Derivative assets
807

 
317

Premises and equipment, net
761

 
791

Bank-owned life insurance
1,725

 
1,698

Goodwill
7,044

 
6,923

Other assets
5,878

 
4,754

TOTAL ASSETS

$165,733

 

$160,518

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
 
 
 
LIABILITIES:
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
     Noninterest-bearing

$29,233

 

$29,458

Interest-bearing
96,080

 
90,117

          Total deposits
125,313

 
119,575

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
265

 
1,156

Other short-term borrowed funds
9

 
161

Derivative liabilities
120

 
292

Deferred taxes, net
866

 
573

Long-term borrowed funds
14,047

 
15,925

Other liabilities
2,912

 
2,019

TOTAL LIABILITIES
143,532

 
139,701

Contingencies (refer to Note 18)

 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
 
 
 
Preferred Stock:
 
 
 
$25.00 par value,100,000,000 shares authorized; 1,600,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 850,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018
1,570

 
840

Common stock:
 
 
 
$0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 568,238,730 shares issued and 433,121,083 shares outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 566,819,863 shares issued and 466,007,984 shares outstanding at December 31, 2018
6

 
6

Additional paid-in capital
18,891

 
18,815

Retained earnings
6,498

 
5,385

Treasury stock, at cost, 135,117,647 and 100,811,879 shares at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
(4,353
)
 
(3,133
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(411
)
 
(1,096
)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
22,201

 
20,817

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

$165,733

 

$160,518

(1) Includes only collateral pledged by the Company where counterparties have the right to sell or pledge the collateral.
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 94

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Year Ended December 31,
 (in millions, except share and per-share data)
2019
2018
2017
INTEREST INCOME:
 
 
 
Interest and fees on loans and leases

$5,441


$5,010


$4,249

Interest and fees on loans held for sale, at fair value
63

37

18

Interest and fees on other loans held for sale
13

10

10

Investment securities
642

672

625

Interest-bearing deposits in banks
30

29

18

Total interest income
6,189

5,758

4,920

INTEREST EXPENSE:
 
 
 
Deposits
1,155

785

441

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
8

6

3

Other short-term borrowed funds
2

9

17

Long-term borrowed funds
410

426

286

Total interest expense
1,575

1,226

747

Net interest income
4,614

4,532

4,173

Provision for credit losses
393

326

321

Net interest income after provision for credit losses
4,221

4,206

3,852

NONINTEREST INCOME:
 
 
 
Service charges and fees
505

513

516

Mortgage banking fees
302

152

108

Card fees
254

244

233

Capital markets fees
216

179

194

Trust and investment services fees
202

171

158

Foreign exchange and interest rate products
155

126

109

Letter of credit and loan fees
135

128

121

Securities gains, net
19

19

11

Net securities impairment losses recognized in earnings on debt securities
(2
)
(3
)
(7
)
Other income
91

67

91

Total noninterest income
1,877

1,596

1,534

NONINTEREST EXPENSE:
 
 
 
Salaries and employee benefits
2,026

1,880

1,766

Equipment and software expense
514

464

443

Outside services
498

447

404

Occupancy
333

333

319

Other operating expense
476

495

542

Total noninterest expense
3,847

3,619

3,474

Income before income tax expense
2,251

2,183

1,912

Income tax expense
460

462

260

NET INCOME

$1,791


$1,721


$1,652

Net income available to common stockholders
$1,718
$1,692

$1,638

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
Basic
449,731,453

478,822,072

502,157,440

Diluted
451,213,701

480,430,741

503,685,091

Per common share information:
 
 
 
Basic earnings

$3.82


$3.54


$3.26

Diluted earnings
3.81

3.52

3.25

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 95

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019
2018
2017
Net income

$1,791


$1,721


$1,652

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
Net unrealized derivative instruments gains (losses) arising during the periods, net of income taxes of $35, ($11) and ($9), respectively
103

(33
)
(14
)
Reclassification adjustment for net derivative losses (gains) included in net income, net of income taxes of $14, $10 and ($9), respectively
43

33

(16
)
Net unrealized debt securities gains (losses) arising during the periods, net of income taxes of $165, ($79) and ($4), respectively
501

(239
)
(6
)
Other-than-temporary impairment not recognized in earnings on debt securities, net of income taxes of $0, ($1) and $0, respectively
—

(3
)
—

Reclassification of net debt securities gains to net income, net of income taxes of ($8), ($4) and ($2), respectively
(15
)
(12
)
(2
)
Employee benefit plans:
 
 
 
Actuarial gain (loss), net of income taxes of $12, ($14) and $12, respectively
36

(35
)
19

Amortization of actuarial loss, net of income taxes of $6, $3 and $5, respectively
13

14

13

Amortization of prior service cost, net of income taxes of $0, $0 and $0, respectively
(1
)
(1
)
(1
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
680

(276
)
(7
)
Total comprehensive income

$2,471


$1,445


$1,645

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 96

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
Additional Paid-in Capital
Retained Earnings
Treasury Stock, at Cost
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Total

(in millions)
Shares
Amount
 
Shares
Amount
Balance at January 1, 2017
—


$247

 
512


$6


$18,722


$2,703


($1,263
)

($668
)

$19,747

Dividends to common stockholders
—

—

 
—

—

—

(322
)
—

—

(322
)
Dividend to preferred stockholders
—

—

 
—

—

—

(14
)
—

—

(14
)
Treasury stock purchased
—

—

 
(22
)
—

25

—

(845
)
—

(820
)
Share-based compensation plans
—

—

 
1

—

22

—

—

—

22

Employee stock purchase plan shares purchased
—

—

 
—

—

12

—

—

—

12

Total comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Net income
—

—

 
—

—

—

1,652

—

—

1,652

Other comprehensive loss
—

—

 
—

—

—

—

—

(7
)
(7
)
Total comprehensive income
—

—

 
—

—

—

1,652

—

(7
)
1,645

Reclassification of tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Legislation
—

—

 
—

—

—

145

—

(145
)
—

Balance at December 31, 2017
—


$247

 
491


$6


$18,781


$4,164


($2,108
)

($820
)

$20,270

Dividends to common stockholders
—

—

 
—

—

—

(471
)
—

—

(471
)
Dividend to preferred stockholders
—

—

 
—

—

—

(29
)
—

—

(29
)
Preferred stock issued
1

593

 
—

—

—

—

—

—

593

Treasury stock purchased
—

—

 
(26
)
—

—

—

(1,025
)
—

(1,025
)
Share-based compensation plans
—

—

 
1

—

20

—

—

—

20

Employee stock purchase plan shares purchased
—

—

 
—

—

14

—

—

—

14

Total comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
—

—

 
—

—

—

1,721

—

—

1,721

Other comprehensive loss
—

—

 
—

—

—

—

—

(276
)
(276
)
Total comprehensive income
—

—

 
—

—

—

1,721

—

(276
)
1,445

Balance at December 31, 2018
1


$840

 
466


$6


$18,815


$5,385


($3,133
)

($1,096
)

$20,817

Dividends to common stockholders
—

—

 
—

—

—

(617
)
—

—

(617
)
Dividends to preferred stockholders
—

—

 
—

—

—

(73
)
—

—

(73
)
Preferred stock issued
1

730

 
—

—

—

—

—

—

730

Treasury stock purchased
—

—

 
(34
)
—

—

—

(1,220
)
—

(1,220
)
Share-based compensation plans
—

—

 
1

—

59

—

—

—

59

Employee stock purchase plan shares purchased
—

—

 
—

—

17

—

—

—

17

Cumulative effect of change in accounting standards
—

—

 
—

—

—

12

—

5

17

Total comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Net income
—

—

 
—

—

—

1,791

—

—

1,791

Other comprehensive income
—

—

 
—

—

—

—

—

680

680

Total comprehensive income
—

—

 
—

—

—

1,791

—

680

2,471

Balance at December 31, 2019
2


$1,570


433


$6


$18,891


$6,498


($4,353
)

($411
)

$22,201

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 97

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019
2018
2017
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net income

$1,791


$1,721


$1,652

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
393

326

321

Originations of mortgage loans held for sale
(21,188
)
(8,036
)
(2,911
)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale
20,430

8,149

3,161

Purchases of commercial loans held for sale
(1,979
)
(1,944
)
(2,057
)
Proceeds from sales of commercial loans held for sale
2,065

1,857

1,963

Depreciation, amortization and accretion
633

489

487

Mortgage servicing rights valuation charge-off (recovery)
1

(3
)
(2
)
Debt securities impairment
2

3

7

Deferred income taxes
64

97

(136
)
Share-based compensation
41

41

48

Net gain on sales of:
 
 
 
Debt securities
(25
)
(19
)
(11
)
Equity securities
—

—

(1
)
Premises and equipment
(6
)
—

—

Other loans held for sale
—

—

(17
)
Increase in other assets
(856
)
(1,217
)
(502
)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities
331

303

(119
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
1,697

1,767

1,883

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Investment securities:
 
 
 
Purchases of securities available for sale
(8,422
)
(4,270
)
(5,394
)
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of debt securities available for sale
3,946

3,258

3,470

Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale
5,016

998

1,257

Purchases of debt securities held to maturity
—

—

(171
)
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of debt securities held to maturity
398

522

561

Purchases of equity securities, at fair value
(717
)
(162
)
(326
)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities, at fair value
851

150

253

Purchases of equity securities, at cost
(511
)
(754
)
(400
)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities, at cost
538

642

637

Net (increase) decrease in interest-bearing deposits in banks
(149
)
44

247

Purchases of mortgage servicing rights
—

(16
)
(28
)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(129
)
(533
)
—

Net increase in loans and leases
(4,334
)
(6,445
)
(3,634
)
Net increase in bank-owned life insurance
(27
)
(42
)
(44
)
Premises and equipment:
 
 
 
Purchases
(126
)
(232
)
(253
)
Proceeds from sales
31

—

—

Capitalization of software
(240
)
(237
)
(159
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(3,875
)
(7,077
)
(3,984
)
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 98

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

2018

2017

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net increase in deposits
5,738

4,486

5,285

Net (decrease) increase in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
(891
)
341

(333
)
Net decrease in other short-term borrowed funds
(157
)
(5,211
)
(4,959
)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term borrowed funds
12,850

22,503

15,363

Repayments of long-term borrowed funds
(14,857
)
(14,837
)
(12,751
)
Treasury stock purchased
(1,220
)
(1,025
)
(820
)
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
730

593

—

Dividends declared and paid to common stockholders

(617
)
(471
)
(322
)
Dividends declared and paid to preferred stockholders
(65
)
(14
)
(14
)
Payments of employee tax withholding for share-based compensation
(21
)
(13
)
(20
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
1,490

6,352

1,429

(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(a)
(688
)
1,042

(672
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period(a)
4,074

3,032

3,704

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period(a)

$3,386


$4,074


$3,032

 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosures:
 
 
 
Interest paid

$1,560


$1,184


$716

Income taxes paid
326

241

371

Non-cash items:
 
 
 
Transfer of securities from available for sale to held to maturity

$192


$—


$—

Transfer of securities from held to maturity to available for sale
734

—

—

Loans securitized and transferred to securities available for sale
150

142

134

Stock issued for share-based compensation plans

59

20

22

Stock issued for Employee Stock Purchase Plan
17

14

12

Due from broker for securities sold but not settled
—

—

6

(a) Cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks and interest-bearing cash and due from banks as reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 99

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accounting and reporting policies of Citizens Financial Group, Inc. conform to GAAP. The Company’s principal business activity is banking, conducted through its banking subsidiary Citizens Bank, National Association. The Company also provides M&A, capital raising and other financial advisory services to middle market companies across a focused set of industry verticals through its broker-dealer CCMI.
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Citizens and subsidiaries in which Citizens has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The Company has evaluated its unconsolidated entities and does not believe that any entity in which it has an interest, but does not currently consolidate, meets the requirements to be consolidated as a variable interest entity.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near-term relate to the determination of the ACL and the fair value of MSRs.
Significant Accounting Policies
The following table identifies the Company’s significant accounting policies and the Note and Page where a detailed description of each policy can be found.
 
Note
Page
Cash and Due From Banks
Note 2
102
Securities
Note 3
103
Loans and Leases
Note 4
107
Allowance for Credit Losses
Note 5
109
Premises, Equipment and Software
Note 6
120
Mortgage Servicing Rights
Note 7
121
Leases
Note 8
124
Goodwill
Note 9
125
Variable Interest Entities
Note 10
127
Derivative Instruments
Note 13
132
Employee Benefits
Note 14
135
Treasury Stock
Note 16
138
Employee Share-Based Compensation
Note 17
139
Fair Value Measurement
Note 19
142
Revenue Recognition
Note 20
148
Income Taxes
Note 22
150
Earnings Per Share
Note 23
153

Acquisitions
On January 1, 2019, the Company acquired Clarfeld Financial Advisors, LLC (“Clarfeld”), a Tarrytown, New York-based boutique wealth management and financial advisory firm, for total consideration of $110 million. As part of this transaction, the Company expanded its wealth management position with the addition of a robust client base. The Company recognized goodwill of $83 million and other intangibles of $21 million related to the transaction.
On March 1, 2019, the Company acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Bowstring Advisors, LLC (“Bowstring”), an Atlanta, Georgia-based mergers and acquisitions advisory and capital raising firm, for the consideration of $40 million. As part of this transaction, the Company expanded its mergers and acquisitions advisory position with the addition of a referral network and experienced staff. The Company recognized goodwill of $35 million and other intangibles of $6 million related to the transaction.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 100

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2019
Pronouncement
Summary of Guidance
Effects on Financial Statements
Derivatives and Hedging

Issued August 2017
•
Reduces the complexity and operational burdens of the current hedge accounting model and portrays more clearly the effects of hedge accounting in the financial statements.

•
Modifies current requirements to facilitate the application of hedge accounting to partial-term hedges, hedges of prepayable financial instruments, and other strategies. Adoption of these optional changes would occur on a prospective basis.

•
Requires the effects of fair value hedges to be classified in the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item. Adoption of this change will occur on a prospective basis.

•
Requires all effects of cash flow hedges to be deferred in other comprehensive income until the hedged cash flows affect earnings. Periodic hedge ineffectiveness will no longer be recognized in earnings. Adoption of this change will occur on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.
•
The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019 under the modified retrospective method.

•
Adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

•
Required disclosures are included in Note 13.
Leases

Issued February 2016


•
Requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability for all leases with a lease term of greater than one year.

•
Requires lessees and lessors to classify most leases using principles similar to existing lease accounting, but eliminates the “bright line” classification tests.

•
Requires that for finance leases, a lessee recognize interest expense on the lease liability separately from the amortization of the right-of-use asset in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, while for operating leases, such amounts should be recognized as a combined expense.

•
Requires expanded disclosures about the nature and terms of lease agreements.

•
Provides the option to adopt using either a modified cumulative-effect approach wherein the guidance is applied to all periods presented, or through a cumulative-effect adjustment beginning in the period of adoption.

•
Requires companies with land easements to assess whether the easement meets the definition of a lease before applying other accounting guidance.
•
The Company adopted the new standard under the modified retrospective approach on January 1, 2019, which is applicable to both its leasing finance business as well as property and equipment leases in which Citizens is lessee.

•
Adoption resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment of $12 million, net of taxes, to retained earnings related to leases in which Citizens is lessee.

•
Adoption resulted in the recognition of a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability of $734 million and $749 million, respectively in its Consolidated Balance Sheet for non-cancelable operating lease agreements.

•
Required lessor disclosures are included in Note 4 and required lessee disclosures are included in Note 8.
Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement

Issued August 2018
•
Requires implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract be deferred and recognized over the term of the arrangement if those costs would be capitalized in a software licensing arrangement.

•
Requires amortization expense be presented in the same income statement line item as the related hosting service arrangement expense.

•
Permits adoption prospectively for all implementation costs incurred after adoption or retrospectively through a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the beginning of the first period presented.

•
The Company prospectively adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019.

•
Adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 101

Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption
Pronouncement
Summary of Guidance
Effects on Financial Statements
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses

Issued June 2016
•
Required effective date: January 1, 2020.

•
Replaces existing incurred loss impairment guidance and establishes a single allowance framework for financial assets carried at amortized cost (including securities HTM), which will reflect management’s estimate of credit losses over the full remaining expected life of the financial assets.

•
Amends existing impairment guidance for securities AFS to incorporate an allowance, which will allow for reversals of impairment losses in the event that the credit of an issuer improves.

•
Requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings, net of taxes, as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption.

•
Requires enhanced credit quality disclosures including disaggregation of credit quality indicators by vintage.

•
The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2020, retrospectively for loans and leases and HTM securities and prospectively for AFS securities.

•
To estimate the ACL under CECL, Citizens uses models and other estimation techniques that are sensitive to changes in forecasted economic conditions. The Company applies qualitative factors related to idiosyncratic risk factors, changes in current economic conditions that may not be adequately reflected in quantitatively derived results, or other relevant factors to ensure the ACL reflects the Company’s best estimate of current expected credit losses.

•
The Company recognized an increase in the ACL upon adoption of approximately $450 million, based on a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, and a one-year reversion to long-term historical macroeconomic variables. The increase in ACL is primarily related to consumer loans, such as residential mortgage, unsecured and education, due to the requirement to estimate credit losses over the full remaining expected life of the asset.

•
Adoption of the new standard could produce higher volatility in the quarterly provision for credit losses than our current reserve process and could adversely impact the Company’s ongoing earnings.

•
The increase in ACL upon adoption reduced the Company’s CET1 capital ratio by 24 basis points on a fully-phased in basis. This capital impact will be phased in by 25% per year through January 1, 2023, which will impact 2020 by 6 basis points.

•
Based on the credit quality of our existing debt securities portfolio, the Company did not recognize an ACL for HTM and AFS debt securities upon adoption.



NOTE 2 - CASH AND DUE FROM BANKS
For the purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents have original maturities of three months or less and include cash and due from banks and interest-bearing cash and due from banks, primarily at the FRB.
Citizens maintains certain average reserve balances and compensating balances for check clearing and other services with the FRB. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the balance of deposits at the FRB amounted to $2.1 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively. Average balances maintained with the FRB during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 exceeded amounts required by law for the FRB’s requirements. All amounts, both required and excess reserves, held at the FRB currently earn interest at a fixed rate of 155 basis points. Citizens recorded interest income on FRB deposits of $28 million, $28 million, and $16 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, in interest-bearing deposits in banks in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 102

NOTE 3 - SECURITIES
Investments include debt and equity securities and other investment securities. Citizens classifies debt securities as AFS, HTM, or trading based on management’s intent to hold to maturity at the time of purchase. Equity securities are recorded at fair value or at cost if there is not a readily determinable fair value.
Debt securities that will be held for indefinite periods of time and may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, changes in prepayment risk, or other factors considered in managing the Company’s asset/liability strategy are classified as AFS and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in OCI, net of taxes, as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses on the sales of securities are recognized in noninterest income and are computed using the specific identification method.
Debt securities for which the Company has the ability and intent to hold to maturity are classified as HTM and reported at amortized cost. Transfers of debt securities to the HTM classification are recognized at fair value at the date of transfer.
For debt securities classified as AFS or HTM, interest income is recorded on the accrual basis including the amortization of premiums and the accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized or accreted using the effective interest method over the estimated lives of the individual securities. Citizens uses actual prepayment experience and estimates of future prepayments to determine the constant effective yield necessary to apply the effective interest method of income recognition. Estimates of future prepayments are based on the underlying collateral characteristics of each security and are derived from market sources. Judgment is involved in making determinations about prepayment expectations and in changing those expectations in response to changes in interest rates and macroeconomic conditions. The amortization of premiums and discounts associated with mortgage-backed securities may be significantly impacted by changes in prepayment assumptions.
Securities classified as trading are bought and held principally for selling them in the near term and carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. When applicable, realized and unrealized gains and losses on such assets are reported in noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Equity securities are primarily composed of FHLB stock and FRB stock (which are carried at cost) and money market mutual fund investments held by the Company’s broker-dealers (which are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in noninterest income). Equity securities that are carried at cost are reviewed at least annually for impairment, with valuation adjustments recognized in noninterest income.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 103


The following table presents the major components of securities at amortized cost and fair value:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Amortized Cost
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Fair Value
U.S. Treasury and other

$71


$—


$—


$71

 

$24


$—


$—


$24

State and political subdivisions
5

—

—

5

 
5

—

—

5

Mortgage-backed securities, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities
19,803

143

(71
)
19,875

 
20,211

28

(605
)
19,634

Other/non-agency
638

24

—

662

 
236

3

(7
)
232

Total mortgage-backed
securities, at fair value
20,441

167

(71
)
20,537

 
20,447

31

(612
)
19,866

Total debt securities available for sale, at fair value

$20,517


$167


($71
)

$20,613

 

$20,476


$31


($612
)

$19,895

Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities

$3,202


$45


($5
)

$3,242

 

$3,425


$—


($132
)

$3,293

Other/non-agency
—

—

—

—

 
740

8

—

748

Total mortgage-backed
securities, at cost
3,202

45

(5
)
3,242

 
4,165

8

(132
)
4,041

Total debt securities held to maturity

$3,202


$45


($5
)

$3,242

 

$4,165


$8


($132
)

$4,041

Money market mutual fund investments

$47


$—


$—


$47

 

$181


$—


$—


$181

Total equity securities, at fair value

$47


$—


$—


$47

 

$181


$—


$—


$181

Federal Reserve Bank stock

$577


$—


$—


$577

 

$463


$—


$—


$463

Federal Home Loan Bank stock
222

—

—

222

 
364

—

—

364

Other equity securities
8

—

—

8

 
7

—

—

7

Total equity securities, at cost

$807


$—


$—


$807

 

$834


$—


$—


$834




 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 104

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity as of December 31, 2019. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without incurring penalties.
 
Distribution of Maturities
(in millions)
1 Year or Less
1-5 Years
5-10 Years
After 10 Years
Total
Amortized cost:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and other

$71


$—


$—


$—


$71

State and political subdivisions
—

—

—

5

5

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities
—

215

1,534

18,054

19,803

Other/non-agency
—

—

—

638

638

Total debt securities available for sale
71

215

1,534

18,697

20,517

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities
—

—

—

3,202

3,202

Other/non-agency
—

—

—

—

—

Total debt securities held to maturity
—

—

—

3,202

3,202

Total amortized cost of debt securities

$71


$215


$1,534


$21,899


$23,719

 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and other

$71


$—


$—


$—


$71

State and political subdivisions
—

—

—

5

5

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities
—

217

1,553

18,105

19,875

Other/non-agency
—

—

—

662

662

Total debt securities available for sale
71

217

1,553

18,772

20,613

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities
—

—

—

3,242

3,242

Total debt securities held to maturity
—

—

—

3,242

3,242

Total fair value of debt securities

$71


$217


$1,553


$22,014


$23,855



Taxable interest income from investment securities as presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations was $642 million, $672 million and $625 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The following table presents realized gains and losses on securities:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Gains on sale of debt securities (1)

$41

 

$19

 

$11

Losses on sale of debt securities
(16
)
 
—

 
—

Debt securities gains, net

$25

 

$19

 

$11

Equity securities gains

$—

 

$—

 

$1


(1) For the year ended December 31, 2019, $6 million of gains on sale of debt securities were recognized in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, as they related to AFS securities held as economic hedges of the value of the MSR portfolio recognized using the amortization method.    

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 105

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities pledged:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Pledged against repurchase agreements

$265


$266

 

$344


$338

Pledged against FHLB borrowed funds
638

662

 
745

752

Pledged against derivatives, to qualify for fiduciary powers, and to secure public and other deposits as required by law
3,670

3,672

 
3,592

3,460



Citizens regularly enters into security repurchase agreements with unrelated counterparties, which involve the transfer of a security from one party to another, and a subsequent transfer of substantially the same security back to the original party. The Company’s repurchase agreements are typically short-term in nature and are accounted for as secured borrowed funds on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Citizens recognized no offsetting of short-term receivables or payables as of December 31, 2019 or 2018. Citizens offsets certain derivative assets and derivative liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For further information see Note 13.
Securitizations of mortgage loans retained in the investment portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, were $150 million, $142 million and $134 million, respectively. These securitizations include a substantive guarantee by a third party. In 2019, 2018 and 2017 the guarantors were FNMA, FHLMC, and GNMA. The debt securities received from the guarantors are classified as AFS.
Impairment
Citizens reviews its securities for other-than-temporary impairment on a quarterly basis or more frequently if a potential loss triggering event occurs. The initial indicator of other-than-temporary impairment for both debt and equity securities is a decline in fair value below its recorded investment amount, as well as the severity and duration of the decline. For a security that has declined in fair value below the cost basis, the Company recognizes other-than-temporary impairment if management has the intent to sell the security, it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, or the Company does not expect to recover the entire cost basis of the security.
Estimating the recovery of the amortized cost basis of a debt security is based upon an assessment of the cash flows expected to be collected. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected, discounted at the security’s original effective yield, exceeds the amortized cost, no credit impairment has occurred. If this amount is less than the amortized cost, other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred. In addition to these cash flow projections, several other characteristics of each debt security are reviewed when determining whether a credit loss exists and the period over which the debt security is expected to recover. These characteristics include: (i) the type of investment, (ii) various market factors affecting the fair value of the security (e.g., interest rates, spread levels, liquidity in the sector, etc.), (iii) the length and severity of impairment, and (iv) the public credit rating of the instrument.
Citizens estimates the portion of loss attributable to credit using a collateral loss model and integrated cash flow engine. The model calculates prepayment, default and loss severity assumptions using collateral performance data. These assumptions are used to produce cash flows that generate loss projections. These loss projections are reviewed on a quarterly basis by a cross-functional governance committee to determine whether security impairments are other-than-temporary.
If the Company intends to sell an impaired security, or if it is more likely than not Citizens will be required to sell the security before recovery, the impairment loss recognized in current period earnings equals the difference between the amortized cost basis and the fair value of the security. If the Company does not intend to sell the impaired security, and it is not likely that the Company will be required to sell the impaired security, the other-than-temporary impairment write-down is separated into an amount representing the credit loss, which is recognized in current period earnings and the amount related to all other factors, which is recognized in OCI.



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 106

The following table presents the net securities impairment losses recognized in earnings:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Other-than-temporary impairment:
 
 
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses

($2
)
 

($7
)
 

($7
)
      Portions of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (before taxes)
—

 
4

 
—

Net securities impairment losses recognized in earnings on debt securities

($2
)
 

($3
)
 

($7
)

The following tables present mortgage-backed debt securities with fair values below their respective carrying values, separated by the duration the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
 
December 31, 2019
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Longer
 
Total
(dollars in millions)
Number of Issues
Fair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Number of Issues
Fair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Number of Issues
Fair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities
106


$5,135


($24
)
 
120


$3,748


($52
)
 
226


$8,883


($76
)
Other/non-agency
—

—

—

 
—

—

—

 
—

—

—

Total
106


$5,135


($24
)
 
120


$3,748


($52
)
 
226


$8,883


($76
)

 
December 31, 2018
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Longer
 
Total
(dollars in millions)
Number of Issues
Fair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Number of Issues
Fair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Number of Issues
Fair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
Federal agencies and U.S. government sponsored entities
166


$4,881


($89
)
 
429


$15,124


($648
)
 
595


$20,005


($737
)
Other/non-agency
10

139

(1
)
 
11

72

(6
)
 
21

211

(7
)
Total
176


$5,020


($90
)
 
440


$15,196


($654
)
 
616


$20,216


($744
)

NOTE 4 - LOANS AND LEASES
Loans held for investment are reported at the amount of their outstanding principal, net of charge-offs, unearned income, deferred loan origination fees and costs, and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans. Deferred loan origination fees and costs and purchase premiums and discounts are amortized as an adjustment of yield over the life of the loan, using the effective interest method. Unamortized amounts remaining upon prepayment or sale are recorded as interest income or gain (loss) on sale, respectively. Credit card receivables include billed and uncollected interest and fees.
Interest income on loans is determined using the effective interest method. This method calculates periodic interest income at a constant effective yield on the net investment in the loan, to provide a constant rate of return over the term. Loans accounted for using the fair value option are measured at fair value with corresponding changes recognized in noninterest income.
Loan commitment fees for loans that are likely to be drawn down, and other credit related fees, are deferred (together with any incremental costs) and recognized as an adjustment to the effective interest rate over the loan term. When it is unlikely that a loan will be drawn down, the loan commitment fees are recognized over the commitment period on a straight-line basis.
Loans and leases are disclosed in portfolio segments and classes. The Company’s loan and lease portfolio segments are commercial and retail. The classes of loans and leases are: commercial, commercial real estate, leases, residential mortgages, home equity loans, home equity lines of credit, home equity loans serviced by others, home equity lines of credit serviced by others, automobile, education, credit cards and other retail.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 107


The following table presents the composition of loans and leases:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Commercial(1)

$41,479

 

$40,857

Commercial real estate
13,522

 
13,023

Leases
2,537

 
2,903

Total commercial loans and leases
57,538

 
56,783

Residential mortgages(2)
19,083

 
18,978

Home equity loans
812

 
1,073

Home equity lines of credit
11,979

 
12,710

Home equity loans serviced by others
289

 
399

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
74

 
104

Automobile
12,120

 
12,106

Education
10,347

 
8,900

Credit cards
2,198

 
1,991

Other retail
4,648

 
3,616

Total retail loans
61,550

 
59,877

Total loans and leases (3)

$119,088

 

$116,660


(1) SBA loans the Company services for others of $33 million are not included above. These loans represent the government guaranteed portion of SBA loans sold to outside investors as of December 31, 2019. There were no SBA loans serviced for others as of December 31, 2018.
(2) Mortgage loans the Company services for others of $77.5 billion and $69.6 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are not included above.
(3) LHFS totaling $3.3 billion and $1.3 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are not included above.
The following table presents the composition of LHFS.
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Residential Mortgages
Commercial
Total
 
Residential Mortgages
Commercial
Total
Loans held for sale at fair value(1)

$1,778


$168


$1,946

 

$967


$252


$1,219

Other loans held for sale(2)
1,101

283

1,384

 
—

101

101

(1) Residential mortgage LHFS at fair value are originated for sale. Commercial LHFS at fair value consist of loans managed by the Company’s commercial secondary loan desk.
(2) Residential mortgages other LHFS of $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2019 comprised of two loan portfolio pools of $524 million and $575 million representing loan sales expected to settle in first quarter 2020. Commercial other LHFS generally consist of commercial loans associated with the Company’s syndication business.
During the year ended December 31, 2019 the Company purchased $1.1 billion of education loans and $530 million of other loans. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company purchased $457 million of education loans.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company sold $454 million of commercial loans and $628 million of retail loans, including $22 million of TDR sales. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company sold $553 million of commercial loans.
Loans pledged as collateral for FHLB borrowed funds, primarily residential mortgages and home equity loans, totaled $25.3 billion and $25.6 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Loans pledged as collateral to support the contingent ability to borrow at the FRB discount window, if necessary, were primarily comprised of auto, commercial and commercial real estate loans, and totaled $17.4 billion and $16.8 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Citizens is engaged in the leasing of equipment for commercial use, primarily focused on middle market and mid-corporate clients for large capital equipment acquisitions including aircraft and railcars, among other equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease and the related lease classification at inception. Lease terms predominantly range from three years to seven years and may include options to terminate the lease early or purchase the leased property prior to the end of the lease term. The Company does not have lease agreements which contain lease and nonlease components.
A lessee is evaluated from a credit perspective using the same underwriting standards and procedures as for a loan borrower. A lessee is expected to make rental payments based on its cash flows and the viability of its

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 108

operations. Leases are usually not evaluated as collateral-based transactions, and therefore the lessee’s overall financial strength is the most important credit evaluation factor.
The components of the net investment in direct finance and sales-type leases, before ALLL, are presented below:
(in millions)
December 31, 2019
Total future minimum lease rentals

$1,739

Estimated residual value of leased equipment (non-guaranteed)
1,013

Initial direct costs
10

Unearned income
(225
)
Total leases

$2,537


Interest income on direct financing and sales-type leases for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $77 million and is reported within interest and fees on loans and leases in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
A maturity analysis of direct financing and sales-type lease receivables at December 31, 2019 is presented below:
(in millions)
 
2020

$496

2021
385

2022
288

2023
220

2024
145

Thereafter
205

Total undiscounted future minimum lease rentals

$1,739



NOTE 5 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES, NONPERFORMING ASSETS, AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
Allowance for Credit Losses
Management’s estimate of probable losses in the Company’s loan and lease portfolios is recorded in the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments, collectively the ACL. On a quarterly basis, Citizens evaluates the adequacy of the ALLL by performing reviews of certain individual loans and leases, analyzing changes in the composition, size and delinquency of the portfolio, reviewing previous loss experience and considering current and anticipated economic factors. The ALLL is established in accordance with the Company’s credit reserve policies, as approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The Chief Financial Officer and Chief Risk Officer review the adequacy of the ALLL each quarter, together with risk management. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for credit losses. The ALLL is maintained at a level that management considers reflective of probable losses, and is established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. The Company’s methodology for determining the qualitative component includes a statistical analysis of prior charge-off rates and a qualitative assessment of factors affecting the determination of incurred losses in the loan and lease portfolio. Such factors include trends in economic conditions, loan growth, back testing results, credit underwriting policy exceptions, regulatory and audit findings, and peer comparisons. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are deducted from the ALLL and subsequent recoveries, if any, are added to the ALLL. While management uses available information to estimate loan and lease losses, future additions to the ALLL may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions. There were no material changes in assumptions or estimation techniques compared with prior years that impacted the determination of the current year’s ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments.
The evaluation of the adequacy of the commercial, commercial real estate, and leases ALLL and reserve for unfunded lending commitments is primarily based on risk rating models that assess probability of default, loss given default and exposure at default on an individual loan basis. The models are primarily driven by individual customer financial characteristics and are validated against historical experience. Additionally, qualitative factors are included in the risk rating models. After the aggregation of individual borrower incurred loss, additional overlays can be made based on back-testing against historical losses.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 109

For non-impaired retail loans, the ALLL is based upon an incurred loss model utilizing the probability of default, loss given default and exposure at default on an individual loan basis. When developing these factors, the Company may consider the loan product and collateral type, delinquency status, LTV ratio, lien position, borrower’s credit, age of the loan, geographic location and incurred loss period. Certain retail portfolios, including education, unsecured personal loans, SBO home equity loans and commercial credit card receivables utilize roll rate or vintage models to estimate the ALLL.
For nonaccruing commercial and commercial real estate loans with an outstanding balance of $3 million or greater and for all commercial and commercial real estate TDRs (regardless of size), the Company conducts further analysis to determine the probable amount of loss and establishes a specific allowance for the loan, if appropriate. Citizens estimates the impairment amount by comparing the loan’s carrying amount to the estimated present value of its future cash flows, the fair value of its underlying collateral, or the loan’s observable market price. For collateral-dependent impaired commercial and commercial real estate loans, the excess of the Company’s recorded investment in the loan over the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, is charged off to the ALLL.
For retail TDRs that are not collateral-dependent, allowances are developed using the present value of expected future cash flows compared to the recorded investment in the loans. Expected re-default factors are considered in this analysis. Retail TDRs that are deemed collateral-dependent are written down to fair market value less cost to sell. The fair value of collateral is periodically monitored subsequent to the modification.
In addition to the ALLL, the Company also estimates probable credit losses associated with off-balance sheet financial instruments such as standby letters of credit, financial guarantees and binding unfunded loan commitments. Off-balance sheet financial instruments are subject to individual reviews and are analyzed and segregated by risk according to the Company’s internal risk rating scale. These risk classifications, in conjunction with historical loss experience, economic conditions and performance trends within specific portfolio segments, result in the estimate of the reserve for unfunded lending commitments.
The ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the allowance for loan and lease losses and in other liabilities, respectively. Provision for credit losses related to the loans and leases portfolio and the unfunded lending commitments are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as provision for credit losses.
Loan Charge-Offs
Commercial loans are charged off when it is highly certain that a loss has been realized, including situations where a loan is determined to be both impaired and collateral-dependent. The determination of whether to recognize a charge-off involves many factors, including the prioritization of the Company’s claim in bankruptcy, expectations of the workout/restructuring of the loan and valuation of the borrower’s equity or the loan collateral. A loan is considered to be collateral-dependent when repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral, rather than by cash flows from the borrower’s operations, income or other resources.
Retail loans are generally fully charged-off or written down to the net realizable value of the underlying collateral, with an offset to the ALLL, upon reaching specified stages of delinquency in accordance with standards established by the FFIEC. Residential real estate loans, credit card loans and unsecured open end loans are generally charged off in the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due. Auto loans, education loans and unsecured closed end loans are generally charged off in the month in which the account becomes 120 days past due. Certain retail loans will be charged off or charged down to their net realizable value earlier than the FFIEC charge-off standards in the following circumstances:
•
Loans modified in a TDR that are determined to be collateral-dependent.

•
Loans to borrowers who have experienced an event (e.g., bankruptcy) that suggests a loss is either known or highly certain.
◦
Residential real estate and auto loans are charged down to the net realizable value within 60 days of receiving notification of the bankruptcy filing, or when the loan becomes 60 days past due if repayment is likely to occur.
◦
Credit card loans are fully charged off within 60 days of receiving notification of the bankruptcy filing or other event.
◦
Education loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 60 days past due after receiving notification of a bankruptcy.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 110

•
Auto loans are written down to net realizable value upon repossession of the collateral.

The following tables present a summary of changes in the ACL:
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
(in millions)
Commercial

Retail

Total

Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period

$690


$552


$1,242

Charge-offs
(140
)
(475
)
(615
)
Recoveries
24

161

185

Net charge-offs
(116
)
(314
)
(430
)
Provision charged to income
100

340

440

Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period
674

578

1,252

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period
91

—

91

Provision for unfunded lending commitments
(47
)
—

(47
)
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, end of period
44

—

44

Total allowance for credit losses, end of period

$718


$578


$1,296


 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Commercial

Retail

Total

Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period

$685


$551


$1,236

Charge-offs
(52
)
(442
)
(494
)
Recoveries
19

158

177

Net charge-offs
(33
)
(284
)
(317
)
Provision charged to income
38

285

323

Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period
690

552

1,242

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period
88

—

88

Provision for unfunded lending commitments
3

—

3

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, end of period
91

—

91

Total allowance for credit losses, end of period

$781


$552


$1,333


 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
(in millions)
Commercial

Retail

Total

Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period

$663


$573


$1,236

Charge-offs
(75
)
(437
)
(512
)
Recoveries
40

167

207

Net charge-offs
(35
)
(270
)
(305
)
Provision charged to income(1)
57

248

305

Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period
685

551

1,236

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period
72

—

72

Provision for unfunded lending commitments
16

—

16

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, end of period
88

—

88

Total allowance for credit losses, end of period

$773


$551


$1,324


(1) Includes an increase of approximately $50 million to commercial and corresponding decrease to retail for the impact of the enhancement to the assessment of qualitative risks, factors and events that may not be measured in the modeled results.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 111

The following table presents the recorded investment in loans and leases based on the Company’s evaluation methodology:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Commercial

Retail

Total

 
Commercial

Retail

Total

Individually evaluated

$399


$667


$1,066

 

$391


$723


$1,114

Formula-based evaluation
57,139

60,883

118,022

 
56,392

59,154

115,546

Total loans and leases

$57,538


$61,550


$119,088

 

$56,783


$59,877


$116,660


The following table presents a summary of the ACL by evaluation methodology:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Commercial

Retail

Total

 
Commercial

Retail

Total

Individually evaluated

$85


$25


$110

 

$38


$26


$64

Formula-based evaluation
633

553

1,186

 
743

526

1,269

Allowance for credit losses

$718


$578


$1,296

 

$781


$552


$1,333


For commercial loans and leases, Citizens utilizes regulatory classification ratings to monitor credit quality. Loans with a “pass” rating are those that the Company believes will be fully repaid in accordance with the contractual loan terms. Commercial loans and leases that are “criticized” are those that have some weakness, or potential weakness, that indicate an increased probability of future loss. “Criticized” loans are grouped into three categories, “special mention,” “substandard” and “doubtful.” Special mention loans have potential weaknesses that, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the Company’s credit position at some future date. Substandard loans are inadequately protected loans; these loans have well-defined weaknesses that could hinder normal repayment or collection of the debt. Doubtful loans have the same weaknesses as substandard, with the added characteristics that the possibility of loss is high and collection of the full amount of the loan is improbable. For retail loans, the Company primarily uses the loan’s payment and delinquency status to monitor credit quality. The further a loan is past due, the greater the likelihood of future credit loss. These credit quality indicators for both commercial and retail loans are continually updated and monitored.
The following tables present the recorded investment in commercial loans and leases based on regulatory classification ratings:
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Criticized
 
(in millions)
Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

Commercial

$38,950


$1,351


$934


$244


$41,479

Commercial real estate
13,169

318

33

2

13,522

Leases
2,383

109

42

3

2,537

Total commercial loans and leases

$54,502


$1,778


$1,009


$249


$57,538


 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Criticized
 
(in millions)
Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total

Commercial

$38,600


$1,231


$828


$198


$40,857

Commercial real estate
12,523

412

82

6

13,023

Leases
2,823

39

41

—

2,903

Total commercial loans and leases


$53,946


$1,682


$951


$204


$56,783




 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 112

The following tables present the recorded investment in classes of retail loans, categorized by delinquency status:
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Days Past Due
 
(in millions)
Current

1-29
30-59
60-89
90 or More
Total

Residential mortgages

$18,818


$129


$35


$17


$84


$19,083

Home equity loans
713

64

10

4

21

812

Home equity lines of credit
11,383

346

72

32

146

11,979

Home equity loans serviced by others
244

23

7

3

12

289

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
50

11

2

1

10

74

Automobile
10,787

1,001

227

81

24

12,120

Education
10,088

202

30

15

12

10,347

Credit cards
2,076

74

15

11

22

2,198

Other retail
4,492

87

30

20

19

4,648

Total retail loans

$58,651


$1,937


$428


$184


$350


$61,550



 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Days Past Due
 
(in millions)
Current

1-29
30-59
60-89
90 or More
Total

Residential mortgages

$18,664


$131


$37


$13


$133


$18,978

Home equity loans
945

75

12

3

38

1,073

Home equity lines of credit
12,042

386

65

22

195

12,710

Home equity loans serviced by others
355

21

7

3

13

399

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
79

15

2

1

7

104

Automobile
10,729

1,039

207

59

72

12,106

Education
8,694

159

23

13

11

8,900

Credit cards
1,894

53

14

10

20

1,991

Other retail
3,481

76

26

18

15

3,616

Total retail loans


$56,883


$1,955


$393


$142


$504


$59,877


Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming loans and leases are those on which accrual of interest has been suspended. Loans (other than certain retail loans insured by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status and considered nonperforming when full payment of principal and interest is in doubt, unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection.
When the Company places a loan on nonaccrual status, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and amortization of any net deferred fees is suspended. Interest collections on nonaccruing loans and leases for which the ultimate collectability of principal is uncertain are generally applied to first reduce the carrying value of the asset. Otherwise, interest income may be recognized to the extent of the cash received. A loan or lease may be returned to accrual status if (i) principal and interest payments have been brought current, and the Company expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest, (ii) the loan or lease has otherwise become well-secured and in the process of collection, or (iii) the borrower has been making regularly scheduled payments in full for the prior six months and the Company is reasonably assured that the loan or lease will be brought fully current within a reasonable period.
Commercial loans, commercial real estate loans, and leases are generally placed on nonaccrual status when contractually past due 90 days or more, or earlier if management believes that the probability of collection is insufficient to warrant further accrual. Some of these loans and leases may remain on accrual status when contractually past due 90 days or more if management considers the loan collectible.
Residential mortgages are generally placed on nonaccrual status when past due 120 days, or sooner if determined to be collateral-dependent, unless repayment of the loan is guaranteed by the Federal Housing

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 113

Administration. Credit card balances are placed on nonaccrual status when past due 90 days or more and are restored to accruing status if they subsequently become less than 90 days past due. All other retail loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when past due 90 days or more, or earlier if management believes that the probability of collection is insufficient to warrant further accrual. Loans less than 90 days past due may be placed on nonaccrual status upon the death of the borrower, fraud or bankruptcy.
The following table presents nonperforming loans and leases and loans accruing and 90 days or more past due:
 
Nonperforming (1)(2)
 
Accruing and 90 days or more past due
(in millions)
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Commercial

$240

 

$194

 

$2

 

$1

Commercial real estate
2

 
7

 
—

 
—

Leases
3

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total commercial loans and leases
245

 
201

 
2

 
1

Residential mortgages
93

 
105

 
13

 
15

Home equity loans
33

 
50

 
—

 
—

Home equity lines of credit
187

 
231

 
—

 
—

Home equity loans serviced by others
14

 
17

 
—

 
—

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
12

 
15

 
—

 
—

Automobile
67

 
81

 
—

 
—

Education
18

 
38

 
2

 
2

Credit card
22

 
20

 
—

 
—

Other retail
12

 
8

 
8

 
7

Total retail loans
458

 
565

 
23

 
24

Total

$703

 

$766

 

$25

 

$25


(1) Nonperforming balances exclude first lien residential mortgage loans that are 100% guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration. These loans are included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, nonperforming balances exclude both fully and partially guaranteed residential mortgage loans sold to Ginnie Mae for which the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase. Prior periods have been adjusted to exclude partially guaranteed amounts to conform with the current period presentation. These loans are included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Other nonperforming assets primarily consist of other real estate owned and are presented in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other real estate owned, net of valuation allowance, was $45 million and $34 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The following table presents a summary of nonperforming loan and lease key performance indicators:
 
December 31,
 
2019

 
2018

Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases
0.21
%
 
0.17
%
Nonperforming retail loans as a percentage of total loans and leases
0.38

 
0.49

Total nonperforming loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases (1)
0.59
%
 
0.66
%
 
 
 
 
Nonperforming commercial assets as a percentage of total assets
0.15
%
 
0.13
%
Nonperforming retail assets as a percentage of total assets
0.30

 
0.37

Total nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets
0.45
%
 
0.50
%

(1) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, nonperforming balances exclude both fully and partially guaranteed residential mortgage loans sold to Ginnie Mae for which the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase. Prior periods have been adjusted to exclude partially guaranteed amounts to conform with the current period presentation. These loans are included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The recorded investment in mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in-process was $152 million and $172 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 114

The following table presents the aging of both accruing and nonaccruing loan and lease past due amounts:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Days Past Due
 
Days Past Due
(in millions)
30-59
60-89
 90 or More
 Total
 
30-59
60-89
 90 or More
 Total
Commercial

$45


$27


$67


$139

 

$85


$3


$78


$166

Commercial real estate
1

1

—

2

 
8

32

5

45

Leases
37

—

2

39

 
7

—

—

7

Total commercial loans and leases
83

28

69

180

 
100

35

83

218

Residential mortgages
35

17

84

136

 
37

13

133

183

Home equity loans
10

4

21

35

 
12

3

38

53

Home equity lines of credit
72

32

146

250

 
65

22

195

282

Home equity loans serviced by others
7

3

12

22

 
7

3

13

23

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
2

1

10

13

 
2

1

7

10

Automobile
227

81

24

332

 
207

59

72

338

Education
30

15

12

57

 
23

13

11

47

Credit cards
15

11

22

48

 
14

10

20

44

Other retail
30

20

19

69

 
26

18

15

59

Total retail loans
428

184

350

962

 
393

142

504

1,039

Total

$511


$212


$419


$1,142

 

$493


$177


$587


$1,257



Impaired Loans
A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all of the contractual interest and principal payments as scheduled in the loan agreement. This evaluation is generally based on delinquency information, an assessment of the borrower’s financial condition and the adequacy of collateral, if any. Impaired loans include nonaccruing larger balance (greater than $3 million carrying value), non-homogeneous commercial and commercial real estate loans, and restructured loans that are deemed TDRs.
When a loan is identified as impaired, the impairment is measured on an individual loan level as the difference between the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount) and the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. When collateral is the sole source of repayment for the impaired loan, rather than the borrower’s income or other sources of repayment, the Company charges down the loan to its net realizable value.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 115


The following tables present a summary of impaired loans by class:
 
December 31, 2019
(in millions)
Impaired Loans With a Related Allowance
Allowance on Impaired Loans
Impaired Loans Without a Related Allowance
Unpaid Contractual Balance
Total Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans
Commercial

$243


$85


$137


$458


$380

Commercial real estate
—

—

19

19

19

Total commercial loans
243

85

156

477

399

Residential mortgages
29

2

125

196

154

Home equity loans
22

1

65

121

87

Home equity lines of credit
27

2

173

242

200

Home equity loans serviced by others
15

1

16

41

31

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
1

—

5

9

6

Automobile
1

—

20

30

21

Education
112

9

22

135

134

Credit cards
27

9

1

29

28

Other retail
3

1

3

8

6

Total retail loans
237

25

430

811

667

Total

$480


$110


$586


$1,288


$1,066


 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Impaired Loans With a Related Allowance
Allowance on Impaired Loans
Impaired Loans Without a Related Allowance
Unpaid Contractual Balance
Total Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans
Commercial

$186


$31


$167


$450


$353

Commercial real estate
32

7

6

38

38

Total commercial loans
218

38

173

488

391

Residential mortgages
28

2

127

201

155

Home equity loans
34

3

76

148

110

Home equity lines of credit
21

1

181

244

202

Home equity loans serviced by others
22

1

19

54

41

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
1

—

7

11

8

Automobile
1

—

22

31

23

Education
130

11

23

153

153

Credit cards
24

7

1

25

25

Other retail
4

1

2

8

6

Total retail loans
265

26

458

875

723

Total

$483


$64


$631


$1,363


$1,114



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 116

The following table presents additional information on impaired loans:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
(in millions)
Interest Income Recognized
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
Average Recorded Investment
Commercial

$11


$311

 

$9


$312

 

$4


$380

Commercial real estate
1

39

 
1

32

 
—

37

Total commercial loans
12

350

 
10

344

 
4

417

Residential mortgages
5

126

 
5

146

 
4

136

Home equity loans
5

84

 
6

107

 
6

121

Home equity lines of credit
7

172

 
7

181

 
6

176

Home equity loans serviced by others
2

30

 
3

42

 
3

49

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
—

6

 
—

9

 
—

9

Automobile
1

17

 
1

20

 
1

18

Education
8

125

 
8

154

 
9

173

Credit cards
2

21

 
1

21

 
2

22

Other retail
—

5

 
—

7

 
—

9

Total retail loans
30

586

 
31

687

 
31

713

Total

$42


$936

 

$41


$1,031

 

$35


$1,130


Troubled Debt Restructurings
In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a TDR. TDRs typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation efforts and are undertaken in order to improve the likelihood of recovery and continuity of the relationship with the borrower. The Company’s loan modifications are handled on a case-by-case basis and are negotiated to achieve mutually agreeable terms that maximize loan collectability and meet the borrower’s financial needs. Concessions granted in TDRs for all classes of loans may include lowering the interest rate, forgiving a portion of principal, extending the loan term, lowering scheduled payments for a specified period of time, waiving or delaying a scheduled payment of principal or interest for other than an insignificant time period, or capitalizing past due amounts. A rate increase can be a concession if the increased rate is lower than a market rate for debt with risk similar to that of the restructured loan. TDRs for commercial loans may also involve creating a multiple note structure, accepting non-cash assets, accepting an equity interest, or receiving a performance-based fee. In some cases, a TDR may involve multiple concessions. The financial effects of TDRs for all loan classes may include lower income (either due to a lower interest rate or a delay in the timing of cash flows), larger loan loss provisions, and accelerated charge-offs if the modification renders the loan collateral-dependent. In some cases, interest income throughout the term of the loan may increase if, for example, the loan is extended or the interest rate is increased as a result of the restructuring.
Retail and commercial loans whose contractual terms have been modified in a TDR and are current at the time of restructuring may remain on accrual status if there is demonstrated performance prior to the restructuring and payment in full under the restructured terms is expected. Retail loans that were discharged in bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower are deemed to be collateral-dependent TDRs and are generally charged off to the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, and less amounts recoverable under a government guarantee (if any). Cash receipts on nonaccruing impaired loans, including nonaccruing loans involved in TDRs, are generally applied to reduce the unpaid principal balance. Certain TDRs that are current in payment status are classified as nonaccrual in accordance with regulatory guidance. Income on these loans may be recognized on a cash basis if management believes that the remaining book value of the loan is realizable. Nonaccruing TDRs that meet the guidelines above for accrual status can be returned to accruing if supported by a well-documented evaluation of the borrowers’ financial condition, and if they have been current for at least six months.
Because TDRs are impaired loans, Citizens measures impairment by comparing the present value of expected future cash flows, or when appropriate, the fair value of collateral less costs to sell, to the loan’s recorded investment. Any excess of recorded investment over the present value of expected future cash flows or collateral value is included in the ALLL. Any portion of the loan’s recorded investment the Company does not expect to collect as a result of the modification is charged off at the time of modification. For retail TDR accounts where the expected

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 117

value of cash flows is utilized, any recorded investment in excess of the present value of expected cash flows is recognized by increasing the ALLL. For retail TDR accounts assessed based on the fair value of collateral, any portion of the loan’s recorded investment in excess of the collateral value less costs to sell is charged off at the time of modification or at the time of subsequent and regularly recurring valuations.
The following table summarizes TDRs by class and total unfunded commitments:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Commercial

$297

 

$304

Retail
667

 
723

Unfunded commitments related to TDRs
42

 
30


The following tables summarize how loans were modified during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. The reported balances represent the post-modification outstanding recorded investment and can include loans that became TDRs during the period and were paid off in full, charged off, or sold prior to period end. Pre-modification balances for modified loans approximate the post-modification balances shown.
 
December 31, 2019
 
Primary Modification Types
 
Interest Rate Reduction(1)
 
Maturity Extension(2)
 
Other(3)
(dollars in millions)
Number of Contracts
Recorded Investment
 
Number of Contracts
Recorded Investment
 
Number of Contracts
Recorded Investment
Commercial
3


$—

 
26


$5

 
56


$210

Commercial real estate
—

—

 
1

—

 
—

—

Total commercial loans
3

—

 
27

5

 
56

210

Residential mortgages
60

12

 
62

10

 
120

17

Home equity loans
31

2

 
—

—

 
82

4

Home equity lines of credit
163

18

 
72

11

 
350

22

Home equity loans serviced by others
2

—

 
—

—

 
14

—

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
—

—

 
—

—

 
8

—

Automobile
160

3

 
21

—

 
1,250

17

Education
—

—

 
—

—

 
272

7

Credit cards
3,259

18

 
—

—

 
304

1

Other retail
—

—

 
—

—

 
176

1

Total retail loans
3,675

53

 
155

21

 
2,576

69

Total
3,678


$53

 
182


$26

 
2,632


$279


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 118

 
December 31, 2018
 
Primary Modification Types
 
Interest Rate Reduction(1)
 
Maturity Extension(2)
 
Other(3)
(dollars in millions)
Number of Contracts
Recorded Investment
 
Number of Contracts
Recorded Investment
 
Number of Contracts
Recorded Investment
Commercial
7


$1

 
49


$22

 
53


$200

Commercial real estate
—

—

 
3

31

 
2

31

Total commercial loans
7

1

 
52

53

 
55

231

Residential mortgages
35

4

 
61

8

 
142

17

Home equity loans
43

4

 
1

—

 
134

5

Home equity lines of credit
76

7

 
178

26

 
413

29

Home equity loans serviced by others
4

—

 
—

—

 
23

1

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
5

—

 
1

—

 
14

1

Automobile
158

3

 
46

1

 
1,189

17

Education
—

—

 
—

—

 
355

7

Credit cards
2,312

13

 
—

—

 
—

—

Other retail
1

—

 
—

—

 
9

—

Total retail loans
2,634

31

 
287

35

 
2,279

77

Total
2,641


$32

 
339


$88

 
2,334


$308

 
December 31, 2017
 
Primary Modification Types
 
Interest Rate Reduction(1)
 
Maturity Extension(2)
 
Other(3)
(dollars in millions)
Number of Contracts
Recorded Investment
 
Number of Contracts
Recorded Investment
 
Number of Contracts
Recorded Investment
Commercial
7


$1

 
45


$22

 
15


$71

Commercial real estate
—

—

 
1

—

 
1

—

Total commercial loans
7

1

 
46

22

 
16

71

Residential mortgages
71

10

 
73

13

 
171

19

Home equity loans
82

6

 
1

—

 
232

13

Home equity lines of credit
50

3

 
235

30

 
395

27

Home equity loans serviced by others
15

1

 
—

—

 
52

2

Home equity lines of credit serviced by others
5

—

 
2

—

 
26

2

Automobile
130

2

 
29

1

 
1,336

20

Education
—

—

 
—

—

 
329

7

Credit cards
2,363

13

 
—

—

 
—

—

Other retail
1

—

 
—

—

 
5

—

Total retail loans
2,717

35

 
340

44

 
2,546

90

Total
2,724


$36

 
386


$66

 
2,562


$161

(1) Includes modifications that consist of multiple concessions, one of which is an interest rate reduction.
(2) Includes modifications that consist of multiple concessions, one of which is a maturity extension (unless one of the other concessions was an interest rate reduction).
(3) Includes modifications other than interest rate reductions or maturity extensions, such as lowering scheduled payments for a specified period of time, principal forgiveness, and capitalizing arrearages. Also included are the following: deferrals, trial modifications, certain bankruptcies, loans in forbearance and prepayment plans. Modifications can include the deferral of accrued interest resulting in post modification balances being higher than pre-modification.
The net change to ALLL resulting from modifications of loans for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $9 million, $3 million and $1 million, respectively. Charge-offs may also be recorded on TDRs. Citizens recorded charge-offs resulting from the modification of loans of $7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and $5 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
    A payment default refers to a loan that becomes 90 days or more past due under the modified terms. Loan data includes loans meeting the criteria that were paid off in full, charged off, or sold prior to December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. For commercial loans, recorded investment in TDRs that defaulted within 12 months of their modification date for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $1 million, $63 million and $9 million, respectively. For retail loans, there were $37 million, $40 million and $41 million of loans which defaulted within 12 months of their restructuring date for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 119

Concentrations of Credit Risk
Most of the Company’s lending activity is with customers located in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions. Generally, loans are collateralized by assets including real estate, inventory, accounts receivable, other personal property and investment securities. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Citizens had a significant amount of loans collateralized by residential and commercial real estate. There were no significant concentration risks within the commercial loan or retail loan portfolios. Exposure to credit losses arising from lending transactions may fluctuate with fair values of collateral supporting loans, which may not perform according to contractual agreements. The Company’s policy is to collateralize loans to the extent necessary; however, unsecured loans are also granted on the basis of the financial strength of the applicant and the facts surrounding the transaction.
Certain loan products, including residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, and credit cards, have contractual features that may increase credit exposure to the Company in the event of an increase in interest rates or a decline in housing values. These products include loans that exceed 90% of the value of the underlying collateral (high LTV loans), interest-only and negative amortization residential mortgages, and loans with low introductory rates. Certain loans have more than one of these characteristics. The following tables present balances of loans with these characteristics:
 
December 31, 2019
(in millions)
Residential Mortgages
Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit
Home Equity Products Serviced by Others
Credit Cards
Total

High loan-to-value

$402


$61


$90


$—


$553

Interest only/negative amortization
2,043

—

—

—

2,043

Low introductory rate
—

—

—

235

235

Multiple characteristics and other
—

—

—

—

—

Total

$2,445


$61


$90


$235


$2,831

 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Residential Mortgages
Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit
Home Equity Products Serviced by Others
Credit Cards
Education

Total

High loan-to-value

$318


$87


$148


$—


$—


$553

Interest only/negative amortization
1,794

—

—

—

1

1,795

Low introductory rate
—

—

—

217

—

217

Multiple characteristics and other
1

—

—

—

—

1

Total

$2,113


$87


$148


$217


$1


$2,566


NOTE 6 - PREMISES, EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization have been computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the lease (including renewal options if exercise of those options is reasonably assured) or their estimated useful life, whichever is shorter.
Additions to premises and equipment are recorded at cost. The cost of major additions, improvements and betterments is capitalized. Normal repairs and maintenance and other costs that do not improve the property, extend the useful life or otherwise do not meet capitalization criteria are charged to expense as incurred. Citizens evaluates premises and equipment for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 120

A summary of the carrying value of premises and equipment is presented below:
 
 
 
December 31,
(dollars in millions)
Useful Lives (years)
 
2019

 
2018

Land and land improvements
10 - 75
 

$102

 

$112

Buildings and leasehold improvements
5 - 60
 
848

 
852

Furniture, fixtures and equipment
5 - 20
 
535

 
1,019

Construction in progress
 
 
368

 
292

Total premises and equipment, gross
 
 
1,853

 
2,275

Accumulated depreciation
 
 
(1,092
)
 
(1,484
)
Total premises and equipment, net
 
 

$761

 

$791


Depreciation charged to noninterest expense totaled $116 million, $117 million, and $124 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in both occupancy and equipment expense.
Software
Costs related to computer software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized if the projects improve functionality and provide long-term future operational benefits. Capitalized costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the asset’s expected useful life, based upon the basic pattern of consumption and economic benefits provided by the asset. Citizens begins to amortize the software when the asset (or identifiable component of the asset) is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. All other costs incurred in connection with an internal-use software project are expensed as incurred. Capitalized software is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Citizens had capitalized software assets of $2.0 billion and $1.8 billion and related accumulated amortization of $1.1 billion and $948 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense was $194 million, $189 million, and $180 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
The estimated future amortization expense for capitalized software assets is presented below:
Year
(in millions)

2020

$175

2021
136

2022
102

2023
73

2024
46

Thereafter
62

Total (1)

$594

(1) Excluded from this balance is $296 million of in-process software at December 31, 2019.

NOTE 7 - MORTGAGE BANKING
The Company sells residential mortgages to GSEs and other parties, who may issue securities backed by pools of such loans. The Company retains no beneficial interests in these sales, but may retain the servicing rights for the loans sold. The Company is obligated to subsequently repurchase a loan if the purchaser discovers a representation or warranty violation such as noncompliance with eligibility or servicing requirements, or customer fraud, that should have been identified in a loan file review.
Mortgage loans held for sale are accounted for at fair value on an individual loan basis. Changes in the fair value, and realized gains and losses on the sales of mortgage loans, are reported in mortgage banking income.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 121

The following table summarizes activity related to the Company’s residential mortgage loan sales and the Company's mortgage banking activity:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Residential mortgage loan sold with servicing retained

$20,430

 

$8,149

 

$3,161

Gain on sales (1)
251

 
89

 
35

Contractually specified servicing, late and other ancillary fees (1)
208

 
118

 
53

(1) Reported in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company recognizes the right to service residential mortgage loans for others, or MSRs, as separate assets, which are presented in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, when purchased, or when servicing is contractually separated from the underlying mortgage loans by sale with servicing rights retained. MSRs are initially recorded at fair value. Subsequent to the initial recognition, MSRs are measured using either the fair value method or the amortization method. MSRs accounted for under the amortization method are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value, net of accumulated amortization, which is recorded in proportion to, and over the period of, net servicing income. The unpaid principal balance of the related residential mortgage loans was $77.5 billion and $69.6 billion as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.     
In connection with the August 1, 2018 acquisition of FAMC, the Company began maintaining two separate classes of MSRs which, at the time of initial capitalization, were differentiated by how the risk associated with valuation changes of the MSRs was being managed. The acquired FAMC portfolio is accounted for under the fair value method while the Company’s MSR portfolio held before the FAMC acquisition is accounted for under the amortization method. Beginning January 1, 2019, all of the Company’s newly originated MSRs are accounted for under the fair value method. The Company implemented an active hedging strategy to manage the risk associated with changes in the value of the MSR portfolio accounted for under the fair value method, which includes the purchase of freestanding derivatives. Depending on the interest rate environment, economic hedges may be used to protect the market value of MSRs accounted for under the amortization method. Any changes in fair value during the period for MSRs carried under the fair value method, as well as amortization and impairment of MSRs under the amortization method, are recorded in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table summarizes changes in MSRs recorded using the amortization method:
 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Mortgage servicing rights:
 
 
 
Balance as of beginning of period

$221

 

$201

Amount capitalized
—

 
36

Purchases
—

 
16

Amortization
(38
)
 
(32
)
Carrying amount before valuation allowance
183

 
221

Valuation allowance for servicing assets:
 
 
 
Balance as of beginning of period
—

 
3

Valuation charge-offs (recoveries)
1

 
(3
)
Balance at end of period
1

 
—

Net carrying value of MSRs

$182

 

$221




 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 122

The following table summarizes changes in MSRs recorded using the fair value method:
 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Fair value as of beginning of the period

$600

 

$—

Acquired MSRs
—

 
590

Amounts capitalized
270

 
73

Changes in unpaid principal balance during the period (1)
(119
)
 
(32
)
Changes in fair value during the period (2)
(109
)
 
(31
)
Fair value at end of the period

$642

 

$600

(1) Represents changes in value due to passage of time including the impact from both regularly scheduled loan principal payments and partial paydowns, and
loans that paid off during the period.
(2) Represents changes in value primarily due to market driven changes in interest rates and prepayment speeds.
The fair value of MSRs is estimated by using the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration actual and expected mortgage loan prepayment rates, discount rates, contractual servicing fee income, servicing costs, default rates, ancillary income, and other economic factors, which are determined based on current market interest rates. The valuation does not attempt to forecast or predict the future direction of interest rates.
The sensitivity analyses below present the impact to current fair value of an immediate 50 basis point and 100 basis point adverse change in key economic assumptions and the decline in fair value if the respective adverse change was realized. These sensitivities are hypothetical, with the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs calculated independently without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (e.g., changes in interest rates, which drive changes in prepayment rates, could result in changes in the discount rates), which may amplify or counteract the sensitivities. The primary risk inherent in the Company’s MSRs is an increase in prepayments of the underlying mortgage loans serviced, which is dependent upon movements in market interest rates.
For MSRs under the amortization method, the key economic assumptions used to estimate the fair value are presented below:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Actual
Decline in fair value due to
 
Actual
Decline in fair value due to
(dollars in millions)
 
Fair value
$193
50 bps adverse change
100 bps adverse change
 
$243
50 bps adverse change
100 bps adverse change
Weighted average life (in years)
6.4
 
6.5
Weighted average constant prepayment rate
8.9%
$28
$53
 
8.5%
$24
$56
Weighted average discount rate
9.4%
4
7
 
9.3%
5
9
For MSRs under the fair value method, the key economic assumptions used to estimate the fair value are presented below:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Actual
Decline in fair value due to
 
Actual
Decline in fair value due to
(dollars in millions)
 
Fair value
$642
50 bps adverse change
100 bps adverse change
 
$600
50 bps adverse change
100 bps adverse change
Weighted average life (in years)
5.5
 
8.0
Weighted average constant prepayment rate
13.9%
$116
$222
 
8.2%
$68
$148
Weighted average option adjusted spread
440 bps
12
25
 
609 bps
13
26

Citizens accounts for derivatives in its mortgage banking operations at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as derivative assets or derivative liabilities, depending on whether the derivative had a positive (asset) or negative (liability) fair value as of the balance sheet date. The Company’s mortgage banking derivatives include commitments to originate mortgages held for sale, certain loan sale agreements, and other financial instruments that meet the definition of a derivative. Refer to Note 13 for additional information.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 123

NOTE 8 - LEASES
Citizens as Lessee
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and records a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. A right-of-use asset represents the value of the Company’s contractual right to use an underlying leased asset and a lease liability represents the Company’s contractual obligation to make payments on the same underlying leased asset. Operating and finance lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the non-cancelable lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not specify an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of the lease payments. The Company evaluates right-of-use assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable.
In its normal course of business, the Company leases both equipment and real estate, including office and branch space. Lease terms predominantly range from one year to ten years and may include options to extend the lease, terminate the lease, or purchase the underlying asset at the end of the lease. Certain lease agreements include rental payments based on an index or are adjusted periodically for inflation. The Company has lease agreements that contain lease and non-lease components and for certain real estate leases, these components are accounted for as a single lease component.
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and are recognized in occupancy expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term. The Company may also enter into subleases with third parties for certain leased real estate properties that are no longer occupied.
The components of operating lease cost are presented below:
(in millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Operating lease cost

$165

Short-term lease cost
10

Variable lease cost
7

Sublease income
(3
)
Total

$179


Operating lease cost is recognized on a straight line basis over the lease term and recorded in occupancy expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet information related to the Company’s operating lease arrangements is presented below:
(in millions)
December 31, 2019
Affected Line Item in Consolidated Balance Sheets
Operating lease right-of-use assets

$699

Other assets
Operating lease liabilities
721

Other liabilities

Supplemental information related to the Company’s operating lease arrangements is presented below:
(in millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
 
Operating cash flows from operating leases

$164

Right-of-use assets in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
117


The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for operating leases as of December 31, 2019 is seven years and 3.15%, respectively.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 124

At December 31, 2019, lease liabilities maturing under non-cancelable operating leases are presented below for the years ended December 31:
(in millions)
Operating Leases
2020
150

2021
150

2022
125

2023
100

Thereafter
281

Total lease payments
806

Less: Interest
85

Present value of lease liabilities

$721



Citizens as Lessor
Operating lease assets where Citizens was the lessor totaled $57 million and $92 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Operating lease rental income for leased assets where Citizens is the lessor is recognized in other income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Depreciation expense associated with operating lease assets is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, considering the estimated residual value of the leased asset and is included in other operating expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. On a periodic basis, operating lease assets are reviewed for impairment. Impairment loss is recognized in other operating expense if the carrying amount of the leased assets exceeds fair value and is not recoverable. The carrying amount of leased assets is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the lease payments and the estimated residual value upon the eventual disposition of the asset.
For discussion of direct finance and sales-type leases where Citizens is lessor, refer to Note 4.
NOTE 9 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill is the purchase premium associated with the acquisition of a business and is assigned to the Company’s reporting units at the acquisition date. A reporting unit is a business operating segment or a component of a business operating segment. Citizens has identified and assigned goodwill to two reporting units - Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking - based upon reviews of the structure of the Company’s executive team and supporting functions, resource allocations and financial reporting processes. Once goodwill has been assigned to reporting units, it no longer retains its association with a particular acquisition, and all of the activities within a reporting unit, whether acquired or organically grown, are available to support the value of the goodwill.
Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to annual impairment tests. Citizens reviews goodwill for impairment annually as of October 31st and in interim periods when events or changes indicate the carrying value of one or more reporting units may not be recoverable. The Company has the option of performing a qualitative assessment of goodwill to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than the carrying value. If it is more likely than not that the fair value exceeds the carrying value, then no further testing is necessary; otherwise, Citizens must perform a two-step quantitative assessment of goodwill.
Citizens may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform a two-step quantitative assessment. The first step, used to identify potential impairment, involves comparing each reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, applicable goodwill is deemed to be not impaired. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, there is an indication of impairment and the second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment.
The second step involves calculating an implied fair value of goodwill for each reporting unit for which the first step indicated impairment. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination, which is the excess of the fair value of the reporting unit, as determined in the first step, over the aggregate fair values of the individual assets, liabilities and identifiable intangible. If the implied fair value of goodwill exceeds the carrying value of goodwill assigned to the reporting unit, there is no impairment. If the carrying value of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess. An impairment loss that is recognized cannot

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 125

exceed the amount of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit, and the loss establishes a new basis in the goodwill. Subsequent reversal of goodwill impairment losses is not permitted.
Under the quantitative impairment assessment, the fair values of the Company’s reporting units are determined using a combination of income and market-based approaches. Citizens relies on the income approach (discounted cash flow method) for determining fair value. Market and transaction approaches are used as benchmarks only to corroborate the value determined by the discounted cash flow method. Citizens relies on several assumptions when estimating the fair value of its reporting units using the discounted cash flow method. These assumptions include the discount rate, as well as projected loan loss, income tax and capital retention rates.
Discount rates are estimated based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model, which considers the risk-free interest rate, market risk premium, beta, and size premium adjustments specific to a particular reporting unit. The discount rates are also calibrated on the assessment of the risks related to the projected cash flows of each reporting unit. Cash flow projections include estimates for projected loan loss, income tax and capital retention rates. Multi-year financial forecasts are developed for each reporting unit by considering several key business drivers such as new business initiatives, customer retention standards, market share changes, anticipated loan and deposit growth, forward interest rates, historical performance, and industry and economic trends, among other considerations. The long-term growth rate used in determining the terminal value of each reporting unit is estimated based on management’s assessment of the minimum expected terminal growth rate of each reporting unit, as well as broader economic considerations such as GDP and inflation.
Citizens bases its fair value estimates on assumptions it believes to be representative of assumptions that a market participant would use in valuing the reporting unit but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain, including estimates of future growth rates and operating margins and assumptions about the overall economic climate and the competitive environment for its reporting units. There can be no assurances that future estimates and assumptions made for purposes of goodwill testing will prove accurate predictions of the future. If the assumptions regarding business plans, competitive environments or anticipated growth rates are not achieved, Citizens may be required to record goodwill impairment charges in future periods.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, Citizens elected to perform a qualitative analysis to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of either of its reporting units was less than the respective reporting unit’s carrying value. As a result of this qualitative assessment, the Company determined that it was not necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test and concluded that there was no impairment to the carrying value of the Company's goodwill.
The Company acquired Clarfeld in January 2019 and Bowstring in March 2019, which resulted in increases to goodwill of $83 million and $35 million, respectively. Changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are presented below:
(in millions)
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Total

Balance at December 31, 2017

$2,136

 

$4,751

 

$6,887

Business acquisition
59

 
—

 
59

Adjustments (1)
(23
)
 
—

 
(23
)
Balance at December 31, 2018

$2,172

 

$4,751

 

$6,923

Business acquisitions
83

 
35

 
118

Adjustments
3

 
—

 
3

Balance at December 31, 2019

$2,258

 

$4,786

 

$7,044


(1) Adjustments to goodwill are the result of an update to the purchase price allocation for the FAMC acquisition, given higher value attributed to purchased net assets.
Accumulated impairment losses related to the Consumer Banking reporting unit totaled $5.9 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018. The accumulated impairment losses related to the Commercial Banking reporting unit totaled $50 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018. No impairment was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 126

Other Intangibles
Other intangible assets are recognized separately from goodwill if the asset arises as a result of contractual rights or if the asset is capable of being separated and sold, transferred or exchanged. Intangible assets are recorded in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis and subject to an annual impairment evaluation. Amortization expense is recorded in other expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
A summary of the carrying value of intangible assets is presented below. Included in the carrying value at December 31, 2019 was $19 million and $5 million in other intangibles related to the Clarfeld and Bowstring acquisitions, respectively. Additionally, included in the carrying value at December 31, 2019 was $18 million related to the March 2019 purchase of naming rights for a theater in Boston, Massachusetts, and a sponsorship and promotion arrangement.
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Amortizable Lives (years)
Gross
Accumulated Amortization
Net
 
Gross
Accumulated Amortization
Net
Acquired technology
7

$21


$4


$17

 

$20


$1


$19

Acquired relationships
5 - 15
37

5

32

 
11

1

10

Naming Rights
10
11

1

10

 
—

—

—

Other
2 - 7
13

4

9

 
3

1

2

Total
 

$82


$14


$68

 

$34


$3


$31


    As of December 31, 2019, all of the Company’s intangible assets were being amortized. Amortization expense recognized on intangible assets was $11 million and $3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There was no amortization expense recognized on intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s projection of amortization expense is based on balances as of December 31, 2019, and future amortization expense may vary from these projections.
Estimated intangible asset amortization expense for the next five years is as follows:
(in millions)
Total
2020

$11

2021
10

2022
9

2023
9

2024
8


NOTE 10 - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
Citizens makes equity investments in various entities that are considered VIEs, as defined by GAAP. A VIE typically does not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The Company’s variable interest arises from contractual, ownership or other monetary interests in the entity, which change with fluctuations in the fair value of the entity's net assets. Citizens consolidates a VIE if it is the primary beneficiary of the entity. Citizens is the primary beneficiary of a VIE if its variable interest provides it with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE and the right to receive benefits (or the obligation to absorb losses) that could potentially be significant to the VIE. To determine whether or not a variable interest held could potentially be significant to the VIE, the company considers both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of its involvement with the VIE. Citizens assesses whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis.

Citizens is involved in various entities that are considered VIEs, including investments in limited partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects, limited liability companies that sponsor renewable energy projects and lending to special purpose entities. Citizens’ maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with these entities is limited to the balance sheet carrying amount of its equity investment and outstanding principal balance of loans to special purpose entities.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 127

A summary of these investments is presented below:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

LIHTC investment included in other assets

$1,401

 

$1,236

LIHTC unfunded commitments included in other liabilities
716

 
673

Lending to special purpose entities included in loans and leases
1,101

 
613

Renewable energy investments included in other assets
355

 
319


Low Income Housing Tax Credit Partnerships
The purpose of the Company’s equity investments is to assist in achieving the goals of the Community Reinvestment Act and to earn an adequate return of capital. LIHTC partnerships are managed by unrelated general partners that have the power to direct the activities which most significantly affect the performance of the partnerships. Citizens is therefore not the primary beneficiary of any LIHTC partnerships. Accordingly, Citizens does not consolidate these VIEs and accounts for these investments in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Citizens applies the proportional amortization method to account for its LIHTC investments. Under the proportional amortization method, the Company applies a practical expedient and amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits received in the current period as compared to the total tax credits expected to be received over the life of the investment. The amortization and tax benefits are included as a component of income tax expense. The tax credits received are reported as a reduction of income tax expense (or an increase to income tax benefit) related to these transactions.
The following table presents other information related to the Company’s affordable housing tax credit investments:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Tax credits included in income tax expense

$128

 

$101

 

$83

Amortization expense included in income tax expense
137

 
110

 
94

Other tax benefits included in income tax expense
32

 
25

 
31


    No LIHTC investment impairment losses were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.
Lending to Special Purpose Entities
Citizens provides lending facilities to third-party sponsored special purpose entities. Because the sponsor for each respective entity has the power to direct how proceeds from the Company are utilized, as well as maintains responsibility for any associated servicing commitments, Citizens is not the primary beneficiary of these entities. Accordingly, Citizens does not consolidate these VIEs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the lending facilities had aggregate unpaid principal balances of $1.1 billion and $613 million, respectively, and undrawn commitments to extend credit of $1.2 billion and $584 million, respectively.
Renewable Energy Entities
The Company’s investments in renewable energy entities provide benefits from a return generated by government incentives plus other tax attributes that are associated with tax ownership (e.g., tax depreciation). As a tax equity investor, Citizens does not have the power to direct the activities which most significantly affect the performance of these entities and therefore is not the primary beneficiary of any renewable energy entities. Accordingly, Citizens does not consolidate these VIEs and accounts for these investments in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 128

NOTE 11 - DEPOSITS
Interest-bearing deposits in banks are carried at cost and include deposits that mature within one year.

The following table presents the major components of deposits:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019
 
2018
Demand

$29,233

 

$29,458

Checking with interest
24,840

 
23,067

Regular savings
13,779

 
12,007

Money market accounts
38,725

 
35,701

Term deposits
18,736

 
19,342

Total deposits

$125,313

 

$119,575


The following table presents the maturity distribution by year of term deposits as of December 31, 2019:
(in millions)
 
2020

$16,151

2021
1,995

2022
316

2023
144

2024
126

2025 and thereafter
4

Total

$18,736


Of these deposits, the amount of term deposits with a denomination of $100,000 or more was $13.4 billion at December 31, 2019. The following table presents the remaining maturities of these deposits:
(in millions)
 
Three months or less

$6,987

After three months through six months
3,224

After six months through twelve months
2,015

After twelve months
1,206

Total term deposits

$13,432



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 129

NOTE 12 - BORROWED FUNDS
The following table presents a summary of the Company’s short-term borrowed funds:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

$265

 

$336

Federal funds purchased
—

 
820

Other short-term borrowed funds
9

 
161

Total short-term borrowed funds

$274

 

$1,317



The following table presents key data related to the Company’s short-term borrowed funds:
 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions, except ratio data)
2019

 
2018
 
2017
Weighted-average interest rate at year-end: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
0.41
%
 
1.72
%
 
0.74
%
Other short-term borrowed funds
3.85

 
2.73

 
1.33

Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end during the year:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (2)

$1,499

 

$1,282

 

$1,174

Other short-term borrowed funds
511

 
1,110

 
2,759

Average amount outstanding during the year:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (2)

$599

 

$654

 

$776

Other short-term borrowed funds
66

 
467

 
1,571

Weighted-average interest rate during the year: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
1.36
%
 
0.92
%
 
0.36
%
Other short-term borrowed funds
2.50

 
2.10

 
1.09


(1) Rates exclude certain hedging costs.
(2) Balances are net of certain short-term receivables associated with reverse repurchase agreements, as applicable.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 130

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s long-term borrowed funds:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Parent Company:
 
 
 
2.375% fixed-rate senior unsecured debt, due July 2021

$349

 

$349

4.150% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due September 2022
348

 
348

3.750% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due July 2024
250

 
250

4.023% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due October 2024
42

 
42

4.350% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due August 2025
249

 
249

4.300% fixed-rate subordinated debt, due December 2025
750

 
749

2.850% fixed-rate senior unsecured notes, due July 2026
496

 
—

CBNA’s Global Note Program:
 
 
 
2.500% senior unsecured notes, due March 2019
—

 
748

2.450% senior unsecured notes, due December 2019
—

 
744

2.250% senior unsecured notes, due March 2020
700

 
691

2.447% floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due March 2020 (1)
300

 
300

2.487% floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due May 2020 (1)
250

 
250

2.200% senior unsecured notes, due May 2020
500

 
499

2.250% senior unsecured notes, due October 2020
750

 
738

2.550% senior unsecured notes, due May 2021
991

 
964

3.250% senior unsecured notes, due February 2022
711

 
—

2.629% floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due February 2022 (1)
299

 
—

2.727% floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due May 2022 (1)
250

 
249

2.650% senior unsecured notes, due May 2022
501

 
487

3.700% senior unsecured notes, due March 2023
515

 
502

2.911% floating-rate senior unsecured notes, due March 2023 (1)
249

 
249

3.750% senior unsecured notes, due February 2026
521

 
—

Additional Borrowings by CBNA and Other Subsidiaries:
 
 
 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances, 2.006% weighted average rate, due through 2038
5,008

 
7,508

Other
18

 
9

Total long-term borrowed funds

$14,047

 

$15,925


(1) Rate disclosed reflects the floating rate as of December 31, 2019.

The Parent Company’s long-term borrowed funds as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 included principal balances of $2.5 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, and unamortized deferred issuance costs and/or discounts of ($8) million and ($5) million, respectively. CBNA and other subsidiaries’ long-term borrowed funds as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 included principal balances of $11.5 billion and $14.0 billion, respectively, with unamortized deferred issuance costs and/or discounts of ($13) million and ($14) million, respectively, and hedging basis adjustments of $50 million and ($66) million, respectively. See Note 13 for further information about the Company’s hedging of certain long-term borrowed funds.
Advances, lines of credit, and letters of credit from the FHLB are collateralized by pledged mortgages and pledged securities at least sufficient to satisfy the collateral maintenance level established by the FHLB. The utilized borrowing capacity for FHLB advances and letters of credit was $9.8 billion and $13.0 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company’s available FHLB borrowing capacity was $7.2 billion and $4.8 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Citizens can also borrow from the FRB discount window to meet short-term liquidity requirements. Collateral, including certain loans, is pledged to support this borrowing capacity. At December 31, 2019, the Company’s unused secured borrowing capacity was approximately $38.9 billion, which includes unencumbered securities, FHLB borrowing capacity, and FRB discount window capacity.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 131

The following table presents a summary of maturities for the Company’s long-term borrowed funds at December 31, 2019:
(in millions)
Parent Company
CBNA and Other Subsidiaries
Consolidated

Year
 
 
 
2020

$—


$2,504


$2,504

2021
349

5,998

6,347

2022
348

1,767

2,115

2023
—

765

765

2024
292

1

293

2025 and thereafter
1,495

528

2,023

Total

$2,484


$11,563


$14,047


NOTE 13 - DERIVATIVES
In the normal course of business, Citizens enters into a variety of derivative transactions to meet the financing needs of its customers and to reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. These transactions include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate options, foreign exchange contracts, residential loan commitment rate locks, interest rate future contracts, swaptions, forward commitments to sell to-be-announced mortgage securities (“TBAs”), forward sale contracts and purchase options. The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes.
The Company’s derivative instruments are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in derivative assets and derivative liabilities at fair value. Information regarding the valuation methodology and inputs used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments is described in Note 19.
Derivative assets and derivative liabilities are netted by counterparty on the Consolidated Balance Sheets if a “right of setoff” has been established in a master netting agreement between the Company and the counterparty. This netted derivative asset or liability position is also netted against the fair value of any cash collateral that has been pledged or received in accordance with a master netting agreement.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 132

The following table presents derivative instruments included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Notional Amount (1)
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
 
Notional Amount (1)
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts

$29,846


$1


$—

 

$12,050


$5


$—

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
142,386

772

133

 
117,076

301

277

Foreign exchange contracts
15,101

174

166

 
9,866

129

113

Other contracts
6,868

37

23

 
3,555

14

25

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
983

322

 
 
444

415

Gross derivative fair values
 
984

322

 
 
449

415

Less: Gross amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (2)
 
(107
)
(107
)
 
 
(87
)
(87
)
Less: Cash collateral applied (2)
 
(70
)
(95
)
 
 
(45
)
(36
)
Total net derivative fair values presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 

$807


$120

 
 

$317


$292

(1) The notional or contractual amount of interest rate derivatives and foreign exchange contracts is the amount upon which interest and other payments under the contract are based. For interest rate contracts, the notional amount is typically not exchanged. Therefore, notional amounts should not be taken as the measure of credit or market risk, as they do not measure the true economic risk of these contracts.
(2) Amounts represent the impact of enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to net settle positive and negative positions as well as collateral paid and received.

The Company’s derivative transactions are internally divided into three sub-groups: institutional, customer and residential loan. Certain derivative transactions within these sub-groups are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges, as described below:
Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments
The Company’s institutional derivatives qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The net interest accruals on interest rate swaps designated in a fair value or cash flow hedge relationship are treated as an adjustment to interest income or interest expense of the item being hedged. The Company formally documents at inception all hedging relationships, as well as risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various accounting hedges. Additionally, the Company monitors the effectiveness of its hedge relationships during the duration of the hedge period. The methods utilized to assess hedge effectiveness vary based on the hedge relationship and the Company monitors each relationship to ensure that management’s initial intent continues to be satisfied. The Company discontinues hedge accounting treatment when it is determined that a derivative is not expected to be, or has ceased to be, effective as a hedge and subsequently reflects changes in the fair value of the derivative in earnings after termination of the hedge relationship.
Fair Value Hedges
In a fair value hedge, changes in the fair value of both the derivative instrument and the hedged asset or liability attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in the same income statement line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the changes in fair value occur.
Citizens has outstanding interest rate swap agreements utilized to manage the interest rate exposure on its long-term borrowings, certain fixed rate residential mortgages and AFS debt securities. Certain fair value hedges have been designated as a last-of-layer hedge, which affords the Company the ability to execute a fair value hedge of the interest rate risk associated with a portfolio of similar prepayable assets whereby the last dollar amount estimated to remain in the portfolio of assets is identified as the hedged item.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 133

The following table presents the change in fair value of interest rate contracts designated as fair value hedges, as well as the change in fair value of the related hedged items attributable to the risk being hedged, included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017
Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps hedging borrowed funds

$107

 

$8

 

($26
)
Interest expense - long-term borrowed funds
Change in fair value of hedged long-term debt attributable to the risk being hedged
(107
)
 
(9
)
 
27

Interest expense - long-term borrowed funds
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps hedging fixed rate loans
(17
)
 
—

 
—

Interest and fees on loans and leases
Change in fair value of hedged fixed rate loans attributable to the risk being hedged
17

 
—

 
—

Interest and fees on loans and leases
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps hedging debt securities available for sale
8

 
—

 
—

Interest income - investment securities
Change in fair value of hedged debt securities available for sale attributable to risk being hedged
(8
)
 
—

 
—

Interest income - investment securities
The following table reflects amounts recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges:    
 
December 31, 2019
(in millions)
Debt securities available for sale(1)
Residential mortgages
Long-term borrowed funds
Carrying amount of hedged assets

$15,798


$976


$—

Carrying amount of hedged liabilities
—

—

4,689

Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedged items
(8
)
17

50

(1) The Company designated $2.0 billion as the hedged amount (from a closed portfolio of prepayable financial assets with a carrying value of $15.8 billion as of December 31, 2019) in a last-of-layer hedging relationship, which commenced in the third quarter of 2019.
Cash Flow Hedges
In a cash flow hedge, the entire change in the fair value of the interest rate swap included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness is initially recorded in OCI and is subsequently reclassified from OCI to current period earnings (interest income or interest expense) in the same period that the hedged item affects earnings.
Citizens has outstanding interest rate swap agreements designed to hedge a portion of the Company’s floating-rate assets, and liabilities. All of these swaps have been deemed highly effective cash flow hedges. During the next 12 months, there are $4 million in pre-tax net gains on derivative instruments included in OCI expected to be reclassified to net interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations, and the addition of other hedges subsequent to December 31, 2019.
During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, there were no gains or losses reclassified from OCI to current period earnings (other income) related to the discontinuance of a cash flow hedge where it became probable that the original forecasted transaction would no longer occur by the end of the originally specified time period.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 134

The following table presents the pre-tax net gains (losses) recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income relating to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
 
Amounts Recognized for the Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Amount of pre-tax net gains (losses) recognized in OCI

$138

 

($44
)
 

($23
)
Amount of pre-tax net losses reclassified from OCI into interest income
(68
)
 
(55
)
 
25

Amount of pre-tax net gains reclassified from OCI into interest expense
11

 
12

 
—




Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Economic Hedges
The Company’s economic hedges include those related to offsetting customer derivatives, residential mortgage loan derivatives (including interest rate lock commitments and forward sales commitments) and derivatives to hedge its residential MSR portfolio. Customer derivatives include interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts designed to meet the hedging and financing needs of the Company’s customers, and are economically hedged by the Company to offset its market exposure. Interest rate lock commitments on residential mortgage loans that will be held for sale are considered derivative instruments, and are economically hedged by entering into forward sale commitments to manage changes in fair value due to interest rate risk. Residential MSR portfolio derivatives are entered to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of the Company’s MSR asset.
The following table presents the effect of economic hedges on noninterest income:
 
Amounts Recognized in Noninterest Income for the Year Ended December 31,
Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Economic hedge type:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer interest rate contracts

$687

 

$5

 

$5

Foreign exchange and interest rate products
Customer foreign exchange contracts
(166
)
 
(54
)
 
172

Foreign exchange and interest rate products
Derivatives transactions to hedge interest rate risk
(620
)
 
43

 
46

Foreign exchange and interest rate products
Derivatives transactions to hedge foreign exchange risk
200

 
158

 
(151
)
Foreign exchange and interest rate products
Residential loan commitments
8

 
(3
)
 
2

Mortgage banking fees
Forward sale contracts
20

 
21

 
(8
)
Mortgage banking fees
Interest rate derivative contracts used to hedge residential MSRs(1)
134

 
35

 
—

Mortgage banking fees
Total

$263

 

$205

 

$66

 

(1)Includes ($5) million related to interest rate derivative contracts used to hedge residential MSRs valued at LOCOM for the year ended December 31, 2019.


NOTE 14 - EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Pension Plans
Citizens maintains a non-contributory pension plan (the “Qualified Plan”) that was closed to new hires and re-hires effective January 1, 2009, and frozen to all participants effective December 31, 2012. Benefits under the Qualified Plan are based on employees’ years of service and highest 5-year average of eligible compensation. The Qualified Plan is funded on a current basis, in compliance with the requirements of ERISA. Citizens also provides an unfunded, non-qualified supplemental retirement plan (the “Non-Qualified Plan”), which was closed and frozen effective December 31, 2012. The Company’s Qualified Plan and Non-Qualified Plan are collectively referred to as the Company’s “Pension Plans”. The Pension Plans’ investments include equity-oriented and fixed income-oriented investments, including but not limited to government obligations, corporate bonds, and common and collective equity and fixed income funds.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 135

The following table presents changes in the fair value of the Company’s Pension Plans’ assets, projected benefit obligation, funded status, and accumulated benefit obligation:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Qualified Plan
 
Non-Qualified Plan
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2019

 
2018

Fair value of plan assets as of January 1

$1,050

 

$1,139

 

$—

 

$—

Actual return on plan assets
259

 
(81
)
 
—

 
—

Employer contributions
—

 
50

 
8

 
8

Benefits and administrative expenses paid
(63
)
 
(58
)
 
(8
)
 
(8
)
Fair value of plan assets as of December 31
1,246

 
1,050

 
—

 
—

Projected benefit obligation
1,075

 
972

 
102

 
95

Pension asset (obligation)

$171

 

$78

 

($102
)
 

($95
)
Accumulated benefit obligation

$1,075

 

$972

 

$102

 

$95


The Company’s projected benefit obligation increased for the year ending December 31, 2019, due to the decrease in the discount rate assumption, partially offset by updated mortality assumptions. Citizens recognized actuarial gains and losses on the Pension Plans in AOCI resulting in an ending balance of $551 million and $618 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
No contributions were made to the Qualified Plan in 2019 and no contribution is planned for 2020. Citizens contributed $50 million to the qualified plan in 2018. Citizens contributed $8 million to the Non-Qualified Plan in 2019 and expects to contribute $8 million in 2020.
The following table presents other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in OCI for the Company’s Pension Plans:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Net periodic pension income

($5
)
 

($16
)
 

($2
)
Net actuarial (gain) loss
(49
)
 
49

 
(31
)
Amortization of prior service credit
—

 
1

 
1

Amortization of net actuarial loss
(19
)
 
(17
)
 
(18
)
Total (loss) gain recognized in other comprehensive loss
(68
)
 
33

 
(48
)
Total (loss) gain recognized in net periodic pension (income) cost and other comprehensive loss

($73
)
 

$17

 

($50
)

Costs under the Company’s Pension Plans are actuarially computed and include current service costs and amortization of prior service costs over the participants’ average future working lifetime. The actuarial cost method used in determining the net periodic pension cost is the projected unit method.    

The following table presents the components of net periodic pension (income) cost for the Company’s Pension Plans:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Qualified Plan
 
Non-Qualified Plan
 
Total
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

 
2019

 
2018

 
2017

 
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Service cost

$3

 

$3

 

$3

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$3

 

$3

 

$3

Interest cost
41

 
39

 
42

 
4

 
4

 
4

 
45

 
43

 
46

Expected return on plan assets
(72
)
 
(79
)
 
(69
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(72
)
 
(79
)
 
(69
)
Amortization of actuarial loss
17

 
15

 
16

 
2

 
2

 
2

 
19

 
17

 
18

Net periodic pension (income) cost(1)

($11
)
 

($22
)
 

($8
)
 

$6

 

$6

 

$6

 

($5
)
 

($16
)
 

($2
)

(1) In the Consolidated Statements of Operations, service cost is presented in salaries and employee benefits, and all other components of net periodic pension (income) cost are presented in other operating expense.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 136

The following table presents the expected future benefit payments for the Company’s Pension Plans:
 
(in millions)

Expected benefit payments by fiscal year ending:
 
December 31, 2020

$67

December 31, 2021
68

December 31, 2022
68

December 31, 2023
68

December 31, 2024
69

December 31, 2025 - 2029
348


401(k) Plan
Citizens sponsors a 401(k) Plan under which employee tax-deferred/Roth after-tax contributions to the 401(k) Plan are matched by the Company after completion of one year of service. Contributions are matched at 100% up to an overall limitation of 4% on a pay period basis. Substantially all employees will receive an additional 2% of earnings after completion of one year of service, subject to limits set by the Internal Revenue Service. Amounts contributed and expensed by the Company were $72 million in 2019 compared to $68 million in 2018 and $61 million in 2017.
NOTE 15 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following table presents the changes in the balances, net of income taxes, of each component of AOCI:
(in millions)
 
Net Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Derivatives
 
Net Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Securities
 
Employee Benefit Plans
 
Total AOCI

Balance at January 1, 2017
 

($88
)
 

($186
)
 

($394
)
 

($668
)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
 
(14
)
 
(6
)
 
—

 
(20
)
Amounts reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Operations
 
(16
)
 
(2
)
 
31

 
13

Net other comprehensive (loss) income
 
(30
)
 
(8
)
 
31

 
(7
)
Reclassification of tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Legislation (1)
 

($25
)
 

($42
)
 

($78
)
 

($145
)
Balance at December 31, 2017
 

($143
)
 

($236
)
 

($441
)
 

($820
)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
 
(33
)
 
(239
)
 
—

 
(272
)
Other-than-temporary impairment not recognized in earnings on securities
 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
Amounts reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Operations
 
33

 
(12
)
 
(22
)
 
(1
)
Net other comprehensive loss
 
—

 
(254
)
 
(22
)
 
(276
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
 

($143
)
 

($490
)
 

($463
)
 

($1,096
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 
103

 
501

 
—

 
604

Amounts reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Operations
 
43

 
(15
)
 
48

 
76

Net other comprehensive income
 
146

 
486

 
48

 
680

Cumulative effect of change in accounting standards
 
—

 
5

 
—

 
5

Balance at December 31, 2019
 

$3

 

$1

 

($415
)
 

($411
)
Primary income statement location of amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
Net interest income
 
Securities gains, net

 
Other operating expense
 
 

(1) As of December 31, 2017, the balance of AOCI reflects the retrospective adoption of FASB ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 137

NOTE 16 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred Stock
The following table provides the number of authorized preferred shares, the number of issued and outstanding, the liquidation value per share and the carrying amount as of December 31:
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
(in millions, except per share and share data)
Liquidation value per share
 
Preferred Shares
 
Carrying Amount
 
Preferred Shares
Carrying Amount
Authorized ($25 par value)
 
 
100,000,000

 
 
 
100,000,000

 
Issued and outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series A
$1,000
 
250,000

 
$247
 
250,000

$247
Series B
1,000

 
300,000
 
296

 
300,000

296

Series C
1,000

 
300,000

 
297

 
300,000

297

  Series D
1,000

(1) 
300,000

(2) 
293

 
—

—

  Series E
1,000

(1) 
450,000

(3) 
437

 
—

—

Total issued and outstanding
 
 
1,600,000

 
$1,570
 
850,000

$840
(1) Equivalent to $25 per depositary share.
(2) Represented by 12,000,000 depositary shares each representing a 1/40th interest in the Series D Preferred Stock.
(3) Represented by 18,000,000 depositary shares each representing a 1/40th interest in the Series E Preferred Stock.
The following table provides information related to the Company’s preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2019:
(in millions, except per share and share data)
Preferred Stock
Issue Date
Number of Shares Issued
Dividend Dates(3)
Annual Per Share Dividend Rate
Optional Redemption Date(4)
Series A(1)
April 6, 2015
250,000
Semi-annually beginning October 6, 2015 until April 6, 2020
5.500% until April 6, 2020
April 6, 2020
 
 
 
Quarterly beginning July 6, 2020
3 Mo. LIBOR plus 3.960% beginning April 6, 2020
 
Series B(1)
May 24, 2018
300,000
Semi-annually beginning January 6, 2019 until July 6, 2023
6.000% until July 6, 2023
July 6, 2023
 
 
 
Quarterly beginning October 6, 2023
3 Mo. LIBOR plus 3.003% beginning July 6, 2023
 
Series C(1)
October 25, 2018
300,000
Quarterly beginning January 6, 2019 until April 6, 2024
6.375% until April 6, 2024
April 6, 2024
 
 
 
Quarterly beginning July 6, 2024
3 Mo. LIBOR plus 3.157% beginning April 6, 2024
 
Series D(1)
January 29, 2019
300,000(5)
Quarterly beginning April 6, 2019 until April 6, 2024
6.350% until April 6, 2024
April 6, 2024
 
 
 
Quarterly beginning July 6, 2024
3 Mo. LIBOR plus 3.642% beginning April 6, 2024
 
Series E(2)
October 28, 2019
450,000(6)
Quarterly beginning January 6, 2020
5.000%
January 6, 2025
(1) Series are non-cumulative fixed-to-floating rate perpetual preferred stock. Except in limited circumstances, the preferred stock does not have voting rights.
(2) Series are non-cumulative fixed rate perpetual preferred stock. Except in limited circumstances, the preferred stock does not have voting rights.
(3) Dividends are payable when, and if, declared by the Company’s Board of Directors or an authorized committee thereof.    
(4) Redeemable at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, on any dividend payment date on or after the date stated, or in whole but not in part, at any time within 90 days following a regulatory capital treatment event a as defined in the applicable certificate of designations, in each case at a redemption price equal to $1,000 per share, plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends. Under current rules, any redemption is subject to approval by the FRB.
(5) Represented by 12,000,000 depositary shares each representing a 1/40th interest in the Series D Preferred Stock.
(6) Represented by 18,000,000 depositary shares each representing a 1/40th interest in the Series E Preferred Stock.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 138

Dividends
The following table provides information related to dividends per share and in the aggregate, declared and paid, for each type of stock issued and outstanding for the year ended December 31:
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
(in millions, except per share and share data)
 
Dividends per Share
Dividends Declared
Dividends Paid
 
Dividends per Share
Dividends Declared
Dividends Paid
 
Dividends per Share
Dividends Declared
Dividends Paid
Common stock
 

$1.36


$617


$617

 

$0.98


$471


$471

 

$0.64


$322


$322

Preferred stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series A
 

$55.00


$14


$14

 

$55.00


$14


$14

 

$55.00


$14


$14

Series B
 
60.00

18

20

 
37.00

11

—

 
—

—

—

Series C
 
63.75

19

18

 
12.57

4

—

 
—

—

—

Series D
 
59.45

18

13

 
—

—

—

 
—

—

—

Series E
 
9.44

4

—

 
—

—

—

 
—

—

—

Total preferred stock
 
 

$73


$65

 
 

$29


$14

 
 

$14


$14


Treasury Stock
The purchase of the Company’s common stock is recorded at cost. At the date of retirement or subsequent reissuance, treasury stock is reduced by the cost of such stock on a first-in, first-out basis with differences recorded in additional paid-in capital or retained earnings, as applicable.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paid $1.220 billion to repurchase 34,305,768 common shares at a weighted-average price of $35.56. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded no shares of treasury stock associated with share-based compensation plan activity.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company paid $1.025 billion to repurchase 25,773,807 common shares at an average price of $39.77. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded no shares of treasury stock associated with share-based compensation plan activity.    
NOTE 17 - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Citizens has share-based employee compensation plans as outlined below, pursuant to which stock awards are granted to employees and non-employee directors.
Employees of the Company hold time-based restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units. A restricted stock unit is the right to receive shares of stock on a future date, which may be subject to time-based vesting conditions and/or performance-based vesting conditions. If a dividend is paid on shares underlying the awards prior to the date such shares are distributed, those dividends will be distributed following vesting in the same form as the dividend that has been paid to common stockholders generally.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Certain employees of the Company hold time-based restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units granted under this plan. Time-based restricted stock units granted generally become vested ratably over a 3-year period and performance-based restricted stock units granted generally become vested in a single installment at the end of a 3-year performance period, depending on the level of performance achieved during such period.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Non-Employee Directors Compensation Plan. Non-employee directors receive grants of time-based restricted stock units under this plan as compensation for their services pursuant to the Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Directors Compensation Policy. Restricted stock units granted to directors are fully vested on the grant date, with settlement of the awards deferred until a director’s cessation of service.
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Citizens also maintains the Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which provides eligible employees an opportunity to purchase its common stock at a 10% discount, through accumulated payroll deductions. Eligible employees may contribute up to 10% of eligible compensation to the ESPP, up to a maximum purchase of $25,000 worth of stock in any calendar year. Offering periods under the ESPP are quarterly. Shares of CFG common stock are purchased for a participant on the last day of each quarter at a 10% discount from the fair market value (fair market value under the plan is defined as the closing price on the day of purchase). Prior to the date the shares are purchased, participants do not have any rights or privileges as a stockholder with respect to shares to be purchased at the end of the offering period.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 139

Summary of Share-Based Plans Activity
The following table presents the activity related to the Company’s share-based plans (excluding the ESPP) for the year ended December 31, 2019:
 
Shares
Underlying Awards
 
Weighted-Average Grant Price
Outstanding, January 1
2,893,281

 

$34.04

Granted
1,677,167

 
36.21

Vested & Distributed
(1,518,836
)
 
32.21

Forfeited
(51,388
)
 
38.29

Outstanding, December 31
3,000,224

 

$36.71


During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the following number of CFG share awards were granted: 2019 (1,677,167 granted with a weighted-average grant price of $36.21); 2018 (1,174,501 granted with weighted-average grant price of $39.54); and 2017 (1,256,816 granted with weighted-average grant price of $39.09).
In addition, the following number of CFG share awards became vested and distributed: 2019 (1,518,836 vested and distributed with a weighted-average grant price of $32.21); 2018 (877,111 vested with weighted-average grant price of $30.50); and 2017 (1,426,850 vested with weighted-average grant price of $21.91).
There are 48,116,987 shares of Company common stock available for awards to be granted under the Omnibus Plan and Directors Plan. In addition, there are 5,782,877 shares available for awards under the ESPP. Upon settlement of share-based awards, the Company generally issues new shares, but may also issue shares from treasury stock.
Citizens measures compensation expense related to stock awards based upon the fair value of the awards on the grant date. Compensation expense is adjusted for forfeitures as they occur. The related expense is charged to earnings on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period (e.g., vesting period) of the award. With respect to performance-based stock awards, compensation expense is adjusted upward or downward based upon the probability of achievement of performance. Awards that continue to vest after retirement are expensed over the shorter of the period of time from grant date to the final vesting date or from the grant date to the date when an employee is retirement eligible. Awards granted to employees who are retirement eligible at the grant date are generally expensed immediately upon grant.
Share-based compensation expense (including ESPP) was $55 million, $41 million, and $39 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2019, the total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards granted was $47 million. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately two years. No share-based compensation costs were capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.
The income tax benefit recognized in earnings based on the compensation expense recognized for all share-based compensation arrangements amounted to $1 million, $3 million and $9 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
NOTE 18 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
A summary of outstanding off-balance sheet arrangements is presented below:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Commitments to extend credit

$72,743

 

$69,553

Letters of credit
2,190

 
2,125

Risk participation agreements
37

 
19

Loans sold with recourse
37

 
5

Marketing rights
33

 
37

Total

$75,040

 

$71,739



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 140

Commitments to Extend Credit
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers in accordance with conditions contractually agreed upon in advance. Generally, the commitments have fixed expiration dates or termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of these commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements.
The Company’s commercial loan trading desk provides ongoing secondary market support and liquidity to its clients. Unsettled loan trades (i.e., loan purchase contracts) represent firm commitments to purchase loans from a third party at an agreed-upon price. Principal amounts associated with unsettled commercial loan trades are off-balance sheet commitments until delivery of the loans has taken place. The principal balances of unsettled commercial loan trade purchases and sales were $183 million and $236 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019 and $68 million and $161 million, respectively, at December 31, 2018.
Letters of Credit
Letters of credit in the table above reflect commercial, standby financial and standby performance letters of credit. Standby letters of credit, both financial and performance, are issued by the Company for its customers. They are used as conditional guarantees of payment to a third party in the event the customer either fails to make specific payments (financial) or fails to complete a specific project (performance). The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of counterparty nonperformance in connection with the above instruments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments, net of the value of collateral held. Generally, letters of credit are collateralized by cash, accounts receivable, inventory or investment securities. Credit risk associated with letters of credit is considered in determining the appropriate amounts of reserves for unfunded commitments. Standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit are issued for terms of up to ten years and one year, respectively.
Other Commitments
Citizens has additional off-balance sheet arrangements that are summarized below:
•
Marketing Rights - During 2003, Citizens entered into a 25-year agreement to acquire the naming and marketing rights of a baseball stadium in Pennsylvania.
•
Loans sold with recourse - Citizens is an originator and servicer of residential mortgages and routinely sells such mortgage loans in the secondary market and to GSEs. In the context of such sales, the Company makes certain representations and warranties regarding the characteristics of the underlying loans and, as a result, may be contractually required to repurchase such loans or indemnify certain parties against losses for certain breaches of those representations and warranties. The Company also sells the government guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans to outside investors, for which it retains the servicing rights.
•
Risk Participation Agreements - RPAs are guarantees issued by the Company to other parties for a fee, whereby the Company agrees to participate in the credit risk of a derivative customer of the other party. The current amount of credit exposure is spread out over 89 counterparties. RPAs generally have terms ranging from one year to five years; however, certain outstanding agreements have terms as long as ten years.
Contingencies
The Company operates in a legal and regulatory environment that exposes it to potentially significant risks. A certain amount of litigation ordinarily results from the nature of the Company’s banking and other businesses. The Company is a party to legal proceedings, including class actions. The Company is also the subject of investigations, reviews, subpoenas, and regulatory matters arising out of its normal business operations, which, in some instances, relate to concerns about fair lending, unfair and/or deceptive practices, mortgage-related issues, and mis-selling of certain products. In addition, the Company engages in discussions with relevant governmental and regulatory authorities on a regular and ongoing basis regarding various issues, and any issues discussed or identified may result in investigatory or other action being taken. Litigation and regulatory matters may result in settlements, damages, fines, penalties, public or private censure, increased costs, required remediation, restrictions on business activities, or other impacts on the Company.
In these disputes and proceedings, the Company contests liability and the amount of damages as appropriate. Given their complex nature, and based on the Company's experience, it may be years before some of these matters are finally resolved. Moreover, before liability can be reasonably estimated for a claim, numerous legal and factual issues may need to be examined, including through potentially lengthy discovery and determination of important

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 141

factual matters, and by addressing novel or unsettled legal issues relevant to the proceedings in question. The Company cannot predict with certainty if, how, or when such claims will be resolved or what the eventual settlement, fine, penalty or other relief, if any, may be, particularly for claims that are at an early stage in their development or where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages. The Company recognizes a provision for a claim when, in the opinion of management after seeking legal advice, it is probable that a liability exists and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. In many proceedings, however, it is not possible to determine whether any loss is probable or to estimate the amount of any loss.
Based on information currently available, the advice of legal counsel and other advisers, and established reserves, management believes that the aggregate liabilities, if any, potentially arising from these proceedings will not have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTE 19 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Citizens measures or monitors many of its assets and liabilities on a fair value basis. Fair value is used on a recurring basis for assets and liabilities for which fair value is the required or elected measurement basis of accounting. Additionally, fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to evaluate assets for impairment or for disclosure purposes. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve the application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. Citizens also applies the fair value measurement guidance to determine amounts reported for certain disclosures in this Note for assets and liabilities that are not required to be reported at fair value in the financial statements.
Fair Value Option
Citizens elected to account for residential mortgage LHFS and certain commercial and commercial real estate LHFS at fair value. The election of the fair value option for financial assets and financial liabilities is optional and irrevocable. Applying fair value accounting to the residential mortgage LHFS better aligns the reported results of the economic changes in the value of these loans and their related economic hedge instruments. Certain commercial and commercial real estate held for sale loans are managed by a commercial secondary loan desk that provides liquidity to banks, finance companies and institutional investors. Applying fair value accounting to this portfolio is appropriate because the Company holds these loans with the intent to sell within the near-term periods.
The following table presents the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of LHFS measured at fair value:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Aggregate Fair Value
Aggregate Unpaid Principal
Aggregate Fair Value Less Aggregate Unpaid Principal
 
Aggregate Fair Value
Aggregate Unpaid Principal
Aggregate Fair Value Less Aggregate Unpaid Principal
Residential mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value

$1,778


$1,727


$51

 

$967


$967


$—

Commercial and commercial real estate loans held for sale, at fair value
168

175

(7
)
 
252

252

—



Residential Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
The fair value of residential mortgage LHFS is derived from observable mortgage security prices and includes adjustments for loan servicing value, agency guarantee fees, and other loan level attributes which are mostly observable in the marketplace. Credit risk does not significantly impact the valuation since these loans are sold shortly after origination. Therefore, the Company classifies the residential mortgage LHFS in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The residential mortgage loans accounted for under the fair value option are initially measured at fair value (i.e., acquisition cost) when the financial asset is acquired. Subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in mortgage banking fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognized changes in fair value in mortgage banking income of $6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
Interest income on residential mortgage loans held for sale is calculated based on the contractual interest rate of the loan and is recorded in interest income.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 142

Commercial and Commercial Real Estate Loans Held for Sale
The fair value of commercial and commercial real estate LHFS is estimated using observable prices of similar loans that transact in the marketplace. In addition, Citizens uses external pricing services that provide estimates of fair values based on quotes from various dealers transacting in the market, sector curves or benchmarking techniques. Therefore, the Company classifies the commercial and commercial real estate loans managed by the commercial secondary loan desk in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observable market inputs.
There were no loans in this portfolio that were 90 days or more past due or nonaccruing as of December 31, 2019. The loans accounted for under the fair value option are initially measured at fair value when the financial asset is recognized. Subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Since all loans in the Company’s commercial trading portfolio consist of floating rate obligations, all changes in fair value are due to changes in credit risk. Such credit-related fair value changes may include observed changes in overall credit spreads and/or changes to the creditworthiness of an individual borrower. Unsettled trades within the commercial trading portfolio are not recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and represent off-balance sheet commitments. Refer to Note 18 for further information.
Interest income on commercial and commercial real estate loans held for sale is calculated based on the contractual interest rate of the loan and is recorded in interest income. Citizens recognized $5 million, ($2) million and $4 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, in other noninterest income related to its commercial trading portfolio.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Citizens measures fair value using the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is based upon quoted market prices in an active market, where available. If quoted prices are not available, observable market-based inputs or independently sourced parameters are used to develop fair value, whenever possible. Such inputs may include prices of similar assets or liabilities, yield curves, interest rates, prepayment speeds, and foreign exchange rates.
A portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities are carried at fair value, including securities available for sale, derivative instruments and other investment securities. In addition, the Company elects to account for its loans associated with its mortgage banking business and secondary loan trading desk at fair value. Citizens classifies its assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value in accordance with the three-level valuation hierarchy:
•
Level 1. Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•
Level 2. Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
•
Level 3. Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market information and that are significant to the fair value measurement.
Classification in the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability. For instruments classified in Levels 1 and 2 where inputs are primarily based upon observable market data, there is less judgment applied in arriving at the fair value. For instruments classified in Level 3, management judgment is more significant due to the lack of observable market data.
Citizens reviews and updates the fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes from one quarter to the next related to the observability of inputs in fair value measurements may result in a reclassification between the fair value hierarchy levels and are recognized based on period-end balances.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 143

Citizens utilizes a variety of valuation techniques to measure its assets and liabilities at fair value. The valuation methodologies used for significant assets and liabilities carried on the balance sheet at fair value on a recurring basis are presented below:
Debt securities available for sale
The fair value of debt securities classified as AFS is based upon quoted prices, if available. Where observable quoted prices are available in an active market, the security is classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. Classes of instruments that are valued using this market approach include debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. If quoted market prices are not available, the fair value for the security is estimated under the market or income approach using pricing models. These instruments are classified as Level 2 because they currently trade in active markets and the inputs to the valuations are observable. The pricing models used to value securities generally begin with market prices (or rates) for similar instruments and make adjustments based on the characteristics of the instrument being valued. These adjustments reflect assumptions made regarding the sensitivity of each security’s value to changes in interest rates and prepayment speeds. Classes of instruments that are valued using this market approach include specified pool mortgage “pass-through” securities and other debt securities issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and state and political subdivisions. The pricing models used to value securities under the income approach generally begin with the contractual cash flows of each security and make adjustments based on forecasted prepayment speeds, default rates, and other market-observable information. The adjusted cash flows are then discounted at a rate derived from observed rates of return for comparable assets or liabilities that are traded in the market. Classes of instruments that are valued using this market approach include residential and commercial CMOs.
A significant majority of the Company’s Level 1 and 2 debt securities are priced using an external pricing service. Citizens verifies the accuracy of the pricing provided by its primary outside pricing service on a quarterly basis. This process involves using a secondary external vendor to provide valuations for the Company’s securities portfolio for comparison purposes. Any valuation discrepancies beyond a certain threshold are researched and, if necessary, corroborated by an independent outside broker.
In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation model, securities are classified as Level 3.
Mortgage Servicing Rights — Fair Value Method
MSRs do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices. MSRs are classified as Level 3 since the valuation methodology utilizes significant unobservable inputs. The fair value was calculated using a discounted cash flow model which used assumptions, including weighted-average life, prepayment assumptions and weighted-average option adjusted spread. The underlying assumptions and estimated values are corroborated by values received from independent third parties based on their review of the servicing portfolio, and comparisons to market transactions. In addition, the MSR Policy is approved by the Asset Liability Committee. Refer to Note 7 for more information.
Derivatives
The vast majority of the Company’s derivatives portfolio is composed of “plain vanilla” interest rate swaps, which are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. For these interest rate derivatives, fair value is determined utilizing models that primarily use market observable inputs, such as swap rates and yield curves. The pricing models used to value interest rate swaps calculate the sum of each instrument’s fixed and variable cash flows, which are then discounted using an appropriate yield curve (i.e., LIBOR or Overnight Index Swap curve) to arrive at the fair value of each swap. The pricing models do not contain a high level of subjectivity as the methodologies used do not require significant judgment. Citizens also considers certain adjustments to the modeled price that market participants would make when pricing each instrument, including a credit valuation adjustment that reflects the credit quality of the swap counterparty. Citizens incorporates the effect of exposure to a particular counterparty’s credit by netting its derivative contracts with the available collateral and calculating a credit valuation adjustment on the basis of the net position with the counterparty where permitted. The determination of this adjustment requires judgment on behalf of Company management; however, the total amount of this portfolio-level adjustment is not material to the total fair value of the interest rate swaps in their entirety. Therefore, interest rate swaps are classified as Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy.
The Company’s other derivatives include foreign exchange contracts. The fair value of foreign exchange derivatives uses the mid-point of daily quoted currency spot prices. A valuation model estimates fair value based

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 144

on the quoted spot rates together with interest rate yield curves and forward currency rates. Since all of these inputs are observable in the market, foreign exchange derivatives are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Money Market Mutual Fund Investments
Fair value is determined based upon unadjusted quoted market prices and is considered a Level 1 fair value measurement.
The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value, including gross derivative assets and liabilities on a recurring basis at December 31, 2019:
(in millions)
Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Debt securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities

$20,537


$—


$20,537


$—

State and political subdivisions
5

—

5

—

U.S. Treasury and other
71

71

—

—

Total debt securities available for sale
20,613

71

20,542

—

Loans held for sale, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
Residential loans held for sale
1,778

—

1,778

—

Commercial loans held for sale
168

—

168

—

Total loans held for sale, at fair value
1,946

—

1,946

—

Mortgage servicing rights
642

—

—

642

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
773

—

773

—

Foreign exchange contracts
174

—

174

—

Other contracts
37

—

18

19

Total derivative assets
984

—

965

19

Equity securities, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
Money market mutual fund investments
47

47

—

—

Total equity securities, at fair value
47

47

—

—

Total assets

$24,232


$118


$23,453


$661

Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts

$133


$—


$133


$—

Foreign exchange contracts
166

—

166

—

Other contracts
23

—

23

—

Total derivative liabilities
322

—

322

—

Total liabilities

$322


$—


$322


$—



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 145

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value including gross derivative assets and liabilities on a recurring basis at December 31, 2018:
(in millions)
Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Debt securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities

$19,866


$—


$19,866


$—

State and political subdivisions
5

—

5

—

U.S. Treasury and other
24

24

—

—

Total debt securities available for sale
19,895

24

19,871

—

Loans held for sale, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
Residential loans held for sale
967

—

967

—

Commercial loans held for sale
252

—

252

—

Total loans held for sale, at fair value
1,219

—

1,219

—

Mortgage servicing rights
600

—

—

600

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
306

—

306

—

Foreign exchange contracts
129

—

129

—

Other contracts
14

—

14

—

Total derivative assets
449

—

449

—

Equity securities, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
Money market mutual fund investments
181

181

—

—

Total equity securities, at fair value
181

181

—

—

Total assets

$22,344


$205


$21,539


$600

Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts

$277


$—


$277


$—

Foreign exchange contracts
113

—

113

—

Other contracts
25

—

25

—

Total derivative liabilities
415

—

415

—

Total liabilities

$415


$—


$415


$—


The following table present a rollforward of the balance sheet amounts for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2019. There were no other derivative contracts measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2018.
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
(in millions)
Mortgage Servicing Rights
 
Other Derivative Contracts
 
Mortgage Servicing Rights
Beginning balance

$600

 

$—

 

$—

Acquired MSRs
—

 
—

 
590

Issuances
270

 
144

 
73

Settlements (1)
(119
)
 
(161
)
 
(32
)
Changes in fair value during the period recognized in earnings(2)
(109
)
 
17

 
(31
)
Transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 (3)
—

 
18

 
—

Ending balance

$642

 

$19

 

$600

(1) Represents changes in value of the MSRs due to i) passage of time including the impact from both regularly scheduled loan principal payments and partial
paydowns, and ii) loans that paid off during the period.
(2) Represents changes in value primarily driven by market conditions. These changes are recorded in mortgage banking fees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) Reflects changes in the significance of unobservable inputs on derivative contracts associated with mortgage origination costs.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is also used on a nonrecurring basis to evaluate certain assets for impairment or for disclosure purposes. Examples of nonrecurring uses of fair value include MSRs accounted for by the amortization method and loan impairments for certain loans and leases.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 146

The following valuation techniques are utilized to measure significant assets for which the Company utilizes fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
Impaired Loans
The carrying amount of collateral-dependent impaired loans is compared to the appraised value of the collateral less costs to dispose and is classified as Level 2. Any excess of carrying amount over the appraised value is charged to the ALLL.
Mortgage Servicing Rights — Amortization Method
MSRs do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices. MSRs are classified as Level 3 since the valuation methodology utilizes significant unobservable inputs. The fair value was calculated using a discounted cash flow model, which used assumptions, including weighted-average life, weighted-average constant prepayment rate and weighted-average discount rate. Refer to Note 7 for more information.
Leased assets
The fair value of assets under operating leases is determined using collateral specific pricing digests, external appraisals, broker opinions, recent sales data from industry equipment dealers, and discounted cash flows derived from the underlying lease agreement.  As market data for similar assets and lease agreements is available and used in the valuation, these assets are classified as Level 2 fair value measurement.
The following table presents gains (losses) on assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recorded in earnings:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Impaired collateral-dependent loans

($34
)
 

($13
)
 

($35
)
MSRs
(1
)
 
3

 
2

Leased assets
(12
)
 
(7
)
 
(15
)


The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

 
Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Impaired collateral-dependent loans

$312


$—


$312


$—

 

$338


$—


$338


$—

MSRs
193

—

—

193

 
243

—

—

243

Leased assets
57

—

57

—

 
92

—

92

—





 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 147

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the estimated fair value for financial instruments not recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The carrying amounts are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the indicated captions:
 
December 31, 2019
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
(in millions)
Carrying Value
Estimated Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
Estimated Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
Estimated Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities held to maturity

$3,202


$3,242

 

$—


$—

 

$3,202


$3,242

 

$—


$—

Equity securities, at cost
807

807

 
—

—

 
807

807

 
—

—

Other loans held for sale
1,384

1,384

 
—

—

 
—

—

 
1,384

1,384

Loans and leases
119,088

119,792

 
—

—

 
312

312

 
118,776

119,480

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
125,313

125,340

 
—

—

 
125,313

125,340

 
—

—

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
265

265

 
—

—

 
265

265

 
—

—

Other short-term borrowed funds
9

9

 
—

—

 
9

9

 
—

—

Long-term borrowed funds
14,047

14,228

 
—

—

 
14,047

14,228

 
—

—

 
December 31, 2018
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
(in millions)
Carrying Value
Estimated Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
Estimated Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
Estimated Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities held to maturity

$4,165


$4,041

 

$—


$—

 

$4,165


$4,041

 

$—


$—

Equity securities, at cost
834

834

 
—

—

 
834

834

 
—

—

Other loans held for sale
101

101

 
—

—

 
—

—

 
101

101

Loans and leases
116,660

116,627

 
—

—

 
338

338

 
116,322

116,289

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
119,575

119,503

 
—

—

 
119,575

119,503

 
—

—

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
1,156

1,156

 
—

—

 
1,156

1,156

 
—

—

Other short-term borrowed funds
161

161

 
—

—

 
161

161

 
—

—

Long-term borrowed funds
15,925

15,877

 
—

—

 
15,925

15,877

 
—

—



NOTE 20 - NONINTEREST INCOME
The following table presents noninterest income, segregated between revenue from contracts with customers and revenue from other sources:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Revenue from contracts with customers

$1,172

 

$1,119

Revenue from other sources
705

 
477

Noninterest income

$1,877

 

$1,596



Revenues from Contracts with Customers
Citizens recognizes revenue from contracts with customers in the amount of consideration it expects to receive upon the transfer of control of a good or service. The timing of recognition is dependent on whether the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of the product or service to a customer over

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 148

time or at a point in time. Judgments are made in the recognition of income including the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations and determination of the transaction price.
The following table presents the components of revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by revenue stream and business operating segment:
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Consumer Banking
Commercial Banking
Consolidated (1)
 
Consumer Banking
Commercial Banking
Consolidated (1)
Service charges and fees

$400


$103


$503

 

$408


$105


$513

Card fees
215

39

254

 
207

37

244

Capital markets fees
—

202

202

 
—

181

181

Trust and investment services fees
202

—

202

 
171

—

171

Other banking fees
1

10

11

 
—

10

10

Total revenue from contracts with customers

$818


$354


$1,172

 

$786


$333


$1,119

(1) There is no revenue from contracts with customers included in Other non-segment operations.
Citizens does not have any material contract assets, liabilities, or other receivables recorded on its Consolidated Balance Sheets related to revenues from contracts with customers as of December 31, 2019. Citizens has elected the practical expedient to exclude disclosure of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the Company recognized revenue at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed. A description of the above components of revenue from contracts with customers is presented below:
Service Charges and Fees
Service charges and fees include fees earned from deposit products in lieu of compensating balances, service charges for transactions performed upon depositors’ request, as well as fees earned from performing cash management activities. Service charges on deposit products are recognized over the period in which the related service is provided, typically monthly. Service fees are recognized at a point in time upon completion of the requested service transaction. Fees on cash management products are recognized over time (typically monthly) as services are provided.
Card Fees
Card fees include interchange income from credit and debit card transactions and are recognized at a point in time upon settlement by the association network. Interchange rates are generally set by the association network based on purchase volume and other factors. Other card-related fees are recognized at a point in time upon completion of the transaction. Costs related to card rewards programs are recognized in current earnings as the rewards are earned by the customer and are presented as a reduction to card fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Capital Markets Fees
Capital markets fees include fees received from leading or participating in loan syndications, underwriting services and advisory fees. Loan syndication and underwriting fees are recognized as revenue at a point in time when the Company has rendered all services to, and is entitled to collect the fee from, the borrower or the issuer, and there are no other contingencies associated with the fee. Underwriting expenses passed through from the lead underwriter are recognized within other operating expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Advisory fees for merger and acquisitions are recognized over time, while valuation services and fairness opinions are recognized at a point in time upon completion of the advisory service.
Trust and Investment Services Fees
Trust and investment services fees include fees from investment management services and brokerage services. Fees from investment management services are based on asset market values and are recognized over the period in which the related service is provided. Brokerage services include custody fees, commission income, trailing commissions and other investment securities. Custody fees are recognized on a monthly basis for customers that are assessed custody fees. Commission income is recognized at a point in time on trade date. Trailing commissions such as 12b-1 fees, insurance renewal income, and income based on asset or investment levels in future periods are recognized at a point in time when the asset balance is known, or the renewal occurs and the income is no longer constrained. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized trailing commissions

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 149

of $15 million and $16 million, respectively, related to services provided in previous reporting periods. Fees from other investment services are recognized at a point in time upon completion of the service.
Other Banking Fees
Other banking fees include fees for various transactional banking activities such as letter of credit fees, foreign wire transfers and other transactional services. These fees are recognized in a manner that reflects the timing of when transactions occur and as services are provided.
Revenue from Other Sources
Letter of Credit and Loan Fees
Letter of credit and loan fees primarily includes fees received related to letter of credit agreements as well as loan fees received from lending activities that are not deferrable. These fees are generally recognized upon execution of the contract.
Foreign Exchange and Interest Rate Products
Foreign exchange and interest rate products primarily includes the fees received from foreign exchange and interest rate derivative contracts executed with customers to meet their hedging and financing needs. These fees are generally recognized upon execution of the contracts. Foreign exchange and interest rate products also include the mark-to-market gains and losses recognized on (i) these customer contracts and (ii) offsetting derivative contracts that are executed with external counterparties to hedge the foreign exchange and interest rate risk associated with the customer contracts.
Mortgage Banking Fees
Mortgage banking fees primarily include gains on sales of residential mortgages originated with the intent to sell and servicing fees on mortgages where the Company is the servicer. Mortgage banking fees also include valuation adjustments for mortgage loans held-for-sale that are measured at the lower of cost or fair value, as well as mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell that are measured at fair value under the fair value option. Changes in the value of MSRs are reported in mortgage fees and related income. For a further discussion of MSRs, see Note 8. Net interest income from mortgage loans is recorded in interest income.
Other Income
Bank-owned life insurance is stated at its cash surrender value. Citizens is the beneficiary of the life insurance policies on current and former officers and selected employees of the Company. Net changes in the carrying amount of the cash surrender value are an adjustment of premiums paid in determining the expense or income to be recognized under the life insurance policy for the period.
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Bank-owned life insurance

$55

 

$56

 

$54


NOTE 21 - OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE
The following table presents the details of other operating expense:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Promotional expense

$112

 

$129

 

$105

Deposit insurance
62

 
104

 
137

Other
302

 
262

 
300

Other operating expense

$476

 

$495

 

$542


NOTE 22 - INCOME TAXES
Citizens uses an asset and liability (balance sheet) approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes, resulting in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense approximates taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in gross deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. These gross deferred tax assets and liabilities represent changes in taxes expected to be paid in the future due to reversals of temporary differences between the bases of

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 150

the assets and liabilities as measured under tax laws, and their bases reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements as measured under GAAP.
Citizens also assesses the probability that the positions taken, or expected to be taken, in its income tax returns will be sustained by taxing authorities. A “more likely than not” (more than 50 percent) recognition threshold must be met before a tax benefit can be recognized. Tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained are reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table presents total income tax expense:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Income tax expense

$460

 

$462

 

$260

Tax effect of changes in OCI
225

 
(96
)
 
(7
)
Total comprehensive income tax expense

$685

 

$366

 

$253


The following table presents the components of income tax expense:
(in millions)
Current

Deferred

Total

Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
 
 
U.S. federal

$323


$64


$387

State and local
73

—

73

Total

$396


$64


$460

Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
U.S. federal

$271


$90


$361

State and local
94

7

101

Total

$365


$97


$462

Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
U.S. federal

$376


($142
)

$234

State and local
20

6

26

Total

$396


($136
)

$260



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 151

The following table presents a reconciliation between the U.S. federal income tax rate and the Company’s effective income tax rate:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
(in millions, except ratio data)
Amount

 Rate
 
Amount

 Rate
 
Amount

 Rate
U.S. federal income tax expense and tax rate

$473

21.0
 %
 

$459

21.0
 %
 

$669

35.0
 %
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal rate change
—

—

 
(34
)
(1.6
)
 
(331
)
(17.3
)
State and local income taxes (net of federal benefit)
73

3.2

 
89

4.1

 
46

2.4

Bank-owned life insurance
(12
)
(0.5
)
 
(12
)
(0.5
)
 
(19
)
(1.0
)
Tax-exempt interest
(15
)
(0.7
)
 
(15
)
(0.7
)
 
(21
)
(1.1
)
Tax advantaged investments (including related credits)
(50
)
(2.3
)
 
(44
)
(2.0
)
 
(51
)
(2.7
)
Other tax credits
(10
)
(0.4
)
 
(8
)
(0.4
)
 
(3
)
(0.1
)
Adjustments for uncertain tax positions
—

—

 
1

0.1

 
(23
)
(1.2
)
Non-deductible FDIC premiums
13

0.6


21

1.0


—

—

Legacy tax matters
(19
)
(0.8
)
 
—

—

 
—

—

Other
7

0.3

 
5

0.2

 
(7
)
(0.4
)
Total income tax expense and tax rate

$460

20.4
 %
 

$462

21.2
 %
 

$260

13.6
 %

The following table presents the tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income

$141

 

$366

Allowance for credit losses
315

 
308

State net operating loss carryforwards
62

 
90

Accrued expenses not currently deductible
24

 
36

Investment and other tax credit carryforwards
89

 
74

Fair value adjustments
—

 
28

Total deferred tax assets
631

 
902

Valuation allowance
(79
)
 
(110
)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
552

 
792

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Leasing transactions
513

 
527

Amortization of intangibles
370

 
364

Depreciation
186

 
195

Pension and other employee compensation plans
124

 
127

     Partnerships
71

 
51

Deferred Income
79

 
50

MSRs
75

 
51

Total deferred tax liabilities
1,418

 
1,365

Net deferred tax liability

$866

 

$573


Deferred tax assets are recognized for net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances are recorded as necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that management concludes are more likely than not to be realized.
At December 31, 2019, the Company had state tax net operating loss carryforwards of $1.1 billion. Limitations on the ability to realize these carryforwards are reflected in the associated valuation allowance. At December 31, 2019, the Company had a valuation allowance of $79 million against various deferred tax assets related to state net operating losses and state tax credits, as it is management’s current assessment that it is more likely than not that

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 152

the Company will not recognize a portion of the deferred tax assets related to these items. The valuation allowance decreased $31 million during the year ended December 31, 2019.
Effective with the fiscal year ended September 30, 1997, the reserve method for bad debts was no longer permitted for tax purposes. The repeal of the reserve method required the recapture of the reserve balance in excess of certain base year reserve amounts attributable to years ended prior to 1988. At December 31, 2019, the Company’s base year loan loss reserves attributable to years ended prior to 1988, for which no deferred income taxes have been provided, was $557 million. This base year reserve may become taxable if certain distributions are made with respect to the stock of the Company or if the Company ceases to qualify as a bank for tax purposes. No actions are planned that would cause this reserve to become wholly or partially taxable.
Citizens files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and local jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal or state and local income tax examinations by major tax authorities for years before 2016.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits:
 
December 31,
(in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Balance at the beginning of the year

$8

 

$5

 

$42

Gross increase for tax positions related to current year
—

 
3

 
—

Gross decrease for tax positions related to prior years
(2
)
 
—

 
(27
)
Decrease for tax positions as a result of the lapse of the statutes of limitations
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
Decrease for tax positions related to settlements with taxing authorities
—

 
—

 
(9
)
Balance at end of year

$5

 

$8

 

$5


Tax positions are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The difference between the benefit recognized for a position and the tax benefit claimed on a tax return is referred to as an unrecognized tax benefit.
Included in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2019, are potential benefits of $5 million that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate.
Citizens classifies interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. There was no interest accrued through income tax expense during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company released $8 million of accrued interest through income tax expense during the year ended December 31, 2017. Citizens had approximately $1 million, $2 million, and $1 million accrued for the payment of interest at December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. There were no amounts accrued for penalties as of December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, and there were no penalties recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.
NOTE 23 - EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Net income available to common stockholders represents net income after preferred stock dividends, accretion of the discount on preferred stock issuances, and gains or losses from any repurchases of preferred stock. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period, plus potential dilutive shares such as share-based payment awards and warrants using the treasury stock method.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 153

 
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions, except share and per-share data)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Numerator (basic and diluted):
 
 
 
 
 
Net income

$1,791

 

$1,721

 

$1,652

Less: Preferred stock dividends
73

 
29

 
14

Net income available to common stockholders

$1,718

 

$1,692

 

$1,638

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic
449,731,453

 
478,822,072

 
502,157,440

Dilutive common shares: share-based awards
1,482,248

 
1,608,669

 
1,527,651

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted
451,213,701

 
480,430,741

 
503,685,091

Earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic

$3.82

 

$3.54

 

$3.26

Diluted(1)
3.81

 
3.52

 
3.25


(1)  Potential dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted EPS in the periods where the effect would be antidilutive. Excluded from the computation of diluted EPS were weighted average antidilutive shares totaling 783 and 533 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2017. There were no potentially dilutive shares to exclude from the calculation for the year ended December 31, 2018.

NOTE 24 - REGULATORY MATTERS
As a bank holding company, Citizens is subject to regulation and supervision by the FRB. Our banking subsidiary, CBNA, is a national banking association whose primary federal regulator is the OCC.
Under the U.S. Basel III capital framework, the Company and CBNA must meet the following specific minimum requirements: CET1 capital ratio of 4.5%, tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%, total capital ratio of 8.0%, and tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0%. A CCB of 2.5% is imposed on top of each of the three minimum risk-weighted capital ratios listed above. In addition, the Company must not be subject to a written agreement, order or capital directive with any of its regulators. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in the initiation of certain actions that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table presents the Company’s capital and capital ratios under U.S. Basel III Standardized rules. The Company has declared itself as an “AOCI opt-out” institution, which means the Company is not required to recognize in regulatory capital the impacts of net unrealized gains and losses included within AOCI for debt securities that are available for sale or held to maturity, accumulated net gains and losses on cash flow hedges and certain defined benefit pension plan assets.
 
Actual
 
Minimum Capital Adequacy
(in millions, except ratio data)
Amount

Ratio

 
Amount

Ratio(1)

As of December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital

$14,304

10.0

 

$10,004

7.000
%
Tier 1 capital
15,874

11.1

 
12,148

8.500

Total capital
18,542

13.0

 
15,006

10.500

Tier 1 leverage
15,874

10.0

 
6,351

4.000

As of December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital

$14,485

10.6
%
 

$8,683

6.375
%
Tier 1 capital
15,325

11.3

 
10,726

7.875

Total capital
18,157

13.3

 
13,450

9.875

Tier 1 leverage
15,325

10.0

 
6,121

4.000


(1) “Minimum Capital ratio” includes capital conservation buffer of 2.500% for 2019 and 1.875% for 2018; N/A to Tier 1 leverage.
Under the FRB’s Capital Plan Rule, the Company may only make capital distributions, including payment of dividends and share repurchases, in accordance with a capital plan that has been reviewed by the FRB with no objection or as otherwise authorized by the FRB. The timing and exact amount of future dividends and share repurchases will depend on various factors, including the Company’s capital position, financial performance and market conditions. All future capital distributions are subject to consideration and approval by the Board of Directors prior to execution. See Note 16 for more information regarding the Company’s preferred stock issuances, common stock repurchases, and dividends.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 154

    Dividends payable by CBNA, as a national bank subsidiary, are limited to the lesser of the amount calculated under a “recent earnings” test and an “undivided profits” test. Under the recent earnings test, a dividend may not be paid if the total of all dividends declared by a bank in any calendar year is in excess of the current year’s net income combined with the retained net income of the two preceding years, less any required transfers to surplus, unless the national bank obtains the approval of the OCC. Under the undivided profits test, a dividend may not be paid in excess of the entity’s “undivided profits” (generally, accumulated net profits that have not been paid out as dividends or transferred to surplus). Federal bank regulatory agencies have issued policy statements which provide that FDIC-insured depository institutions and their holding companies should generally pay dividends only out of their current operating earnings.
NOTE 25 - BUSINESS OPERATING SEGMENTS
Citizens is managed by its Chief Executive Officer on a segment basis. The Company’s two business operating segments are Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served. Each segment has a segment head who reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer has final authority over resource allocation decisions and performance assessment. The business segments reflect this management structure and the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by the Chief Executive Officer.
Reportable Segments
Segment results are determined based upon the Company’s management reporting system, which assigns balance sheet and statement of operations items to each of the business segments. The process is designed around the Company’s organizational and management structure and accordingly, the results derived are not necessarily comparable with similar information published by other financial institutions. A description of each reportable segment and table of financial results is presented below:
Consumer Banking
The Consumer Banking segment focuses on retail customers and small businesses with annual revenues of up to $25 million. It offers traditional banking products and services, including checking, savings, home loans, education loans, credit cards, business loans, and unsecured product finance and personal loans in addition to financial management services. It also operates an indirect auto financing business, providing financing for both new and used vehicles through auto dealerships. The segment’s distribution channels include a branch network, ATMs and a work force of experienced specialists ranging from financial consultants, mortgage loan officers and business banking officers to private bankers. The Company’s Consumer Banking value proposition is based on providing simple, easy to understand product offerings and a convenient banking experience with a more personalized approach.
Commercial Banking
The Commercial Banking segment primarily targets companies with annual revenues from $25 million to $2.5 billion and provides a full complement of financial products and solutions, including loans, leases, trade financing, deposits, cash management, commercial cards, foreign exchange, interest rate risk management, corporate finance and capital markets advisory capabilities. It focuses on middle-market companies, large corporations and institutions and has dedicated teams with industry expertise in government banking, not-for-profit, healthcare, technology, professionals, oil and gas, asset finance, franchise finance, asset-based lending, commercial real estate, private equity and sponsor finance. While the segment’s business development efforts are predominantly focused in the Company’s footprint, some of its specialized industry businesses also operate selectively on a national basis (such as healthcare, asset finance and franchise finance). A key component of Commercial Banking’s growth strategy is to bring ideas to clients that help their businesses thrive, and in doing so, expand the loan portfolio and ancillary product sales.
Non-segment Operations
Other
Non-segment operations are classified as Other, which includes corporate functions, the Treasury function, the securities portfolio, wholesale funding activities, intangible assets, community development, non-core assets, and other unallocated assets, liabilities, capital, revenues, provision for credit losses, and expenses including income tax expense. In addition to non-segment operations, Other includes goodwill and any associated goodwill impairment

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 155

charges. For impairment testing purposes, the Company assigns goodwill to its Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking reporting units.
 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2019
(in millions)
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Other

 
Consolidated

Net interest income

$3,182

 

$1,466

 

($34
)
 

$4,614

Noninterest income
1,156

 
607

 
114

 
1,877

Total revenue
4,338

 
2,073

 
80

 
6,491

Noninterest expense
2,851

 
858

 
138

 
3,847

Profit before provision for credit losses
1,487

 
1,215

 
(58
)
 
2,644

Provision for credit losses
325

 
97

 
(29
)
 
393

Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
1,162

 
1,118

 
(29
)
 
2,251

Income tax expense (benefit)
287

 
248

 
(75
)
 
460

Net income

$875

 

$870

 

$46

 

$1,791

Total average assets

$66,240

 

$55,947

 

$39,989

 

$162,176

 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Other

 
Consolidated

Net interest income

$3,064

 

$1,497

 

($29
)
 

$4,532

Noninterest income
973

 
545

 
78

 
1,596

Total revenue
4,037

 
2,042

 
49

 
6,128

Noninterest expense
2,723

 
813

 
83

 
3,619

Profit before provision for credit losses
1,314

 
1,229

 
(34
)
 
2,509

Provision for credit losses
289

 
26

 
11

 
326

Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
1,025

 
1,203

 
(45
)
 
2,183

Income tax expense (benefit)
258

 
276

 
(72
)
 
462

Net income

$767

 

$927

 

$27

 

$1,721

Total average assets

$62,444

 

$52,362

 

$39,747

 

$154,553


 
As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2017
(in millions)
Consumer Banking
 
Commercial Banking
 
Other

 
Consolidated

Net interest income

$2,651

 

$1,411

 

$111

 

$4,173

Noninterest income
905

 
538

 
91

 
1,534

Total revenue
3,556

 
1,949

 
202

 
5,707

Noninterest expense
2,593

 
772

 
109

 
3,474

Profit before provision for credit losses
963

 
1,177

 
93

 
2,233

Provision for credit losses
265

 
19

 
37

 
321

Income before income tax expense (benefit)
698

 
1,158

 
56

 
1,912

Income tax expense (benefit)
246

 
384

 
(370
)
 
260

Net income

$452

 

$774

 

$426

 

$1,652

Total average assets

$59,714

 

$49,747

 

$40,492

 

$149,953



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 156

Management accounting practices utilized by the Company as the basis of presentation for segment results include the following:
FTP adjustments
Citizens utilizes an FTP system to eliminate the effect of interest rate risk from the segments’ net interest income because such risk is centrally managed within the Treasury function. The FTP system credits (or charges) the segments with the economic value of the funds created (or used) by the segments. The FTP system provides a funds credit for sources of funds and a funds charge for the use of funds by each segment. The sum of the interest income/expense and FTP charges/credits for each segment is its designated net interest income. The variance between the Company’s cumulative FTP charges and cumulative FTP credits is offset in Other. Citizens periodically evaluates and refines its methodologies used to measure financial performance of its business operating segments.
Provision for credit losses allocations
Provision for credit losses is allocated to each business segment based on actual net charge-offs recognized by the business segment. The difference between the consolidated provision for credit losses and the business segments’ net charge-offs is reflected in Other.
Income tax allocations
Income taxes are assessed to each line of business at a standard tax rate with the residual tax expense or benefit to arrive at the consolidated effective tax rate included in Other.
Expense allocations
Noninterest expenses incurred by centrally managed operations or business lines that directly support another business line’s operations are charged to the applicable business line based on its utilization of those services.
Goodwill
For impairment testing purposes, the Company assigns goodwill to its Consumer Banking and Commercial Banking reporting units. For management reporting purposes, the Company presents the goodwill balance (and any related impairment charges) in Other.
Substantially all revenues generated and long-lived assets held by the Company’s business segments are derived from clients that reside in the United States. Neither business segment earns revenue from a single external customer that represents ten percent or more of the Company’s total revenues.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 157

NOTE 26 - PARENT COMPANY FINANCIALS
Condensed Statements of Operations
 
Year Ended December 31,
 (in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
OPERATING INCOME:
 
 
 
 
 
Income from consolidated subsidiaries and excluding equity in undistributed earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
       Dividends from banking subsidiaries

$1,130

 

$1,650

 

$1,055

       Interest
48

 
46

 
43

       Management and service fees
42

 
22

 
31

Income from nonbank subsidiaries and excluding equity in undistributed earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
       Dividends from nonbank subsidiaries
8

 
5

 
4

       Interest
4

 
2

 
1

  Equity securities gains
—

 
—

 
1

  All other operating income
1

 
1

 
1

  Total operating income
1,233

 
1,726

 
1,136

OPERATING EXPENSE:
 
 
 
 
 
  Salaries and employee benefits
35

 
25

 
40

  Interest expense
87

 
89

 
97

  All other expenses
27

 
23

 
22

  Total operating expense
149

 
137

 
159

Income before taxes and undistributed income
1,084

 
1,589

 
977

  Income taxes
(10
)
 
(13
)
 
(10
)
Income before undistributed earnings of subsidiaries
1,094

 
1,602

 
987

Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries:
 
 
 
 
 
  Bank
682

 
109

 
655

  Nonbank
15

 
10

 
10

Net income

$1,791

 

$1,721

 

$1,652

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes:
 
 
 
 
 
Net pension plan activity arising during the period

($5
)
 

$5

 

($1
)
Net unrealized derivative instrument gains arising during the period
2

 
2

 
1

Other comprehensive (loss) income activity of the Parent Company, net of income taxes
(3
)
 
7

 
—

Other comprehensive income (loss) activity of Bank subsidiaries, net of income taxes
683

 
(283
)
 
(7
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
680

 
(276
)
 
(7
)
Total comprehensive income

$2,471

 

$1,445

 

$1,645


In accordance with federal and state banking regulations, dividends paid by CBNA to the Company are subject to certain limitations, see Note 24 for more information. Additionally, see Note 16 for more information regarding the Company’s common and preferred stock dividends.


 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 158

Condensed Balance Sheets
 (in millions)
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
ASSETS:
 
 
 
  Cash and due from banks

$1,418

 

$961

  Loans and advances to:
 
 
 
Bank subsidiaries
1,146

 
1,158

Nonbank subsidiaries
120

 
70

  Investments in subsidiaries:
 
 
 
Bank subsidiaries
21,973

 
20,590

Nonbank subsidiaries
99

 
83

  Other assets
127

 
117

TOTAL ASSETS

$24,883

 

$22,979

LIABILITIES:
 
 
 
  Long-term borrowed funds due to unaffiliated companies

$2,485

 

$1,987

  Other liabilities
197

 
175

TOTAL LIABILITIES
2,682

 
2,162

TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
22,201

 
20,817

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

$24,883

 

$22,979
Condensed Cash Flow Statements
 
Year Ended December 31,
 (in millions)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
Net income

$1,791

 

$1,721

 

$1,652

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred income taxes
(8
)
 
17

 
(11
)
Gain on sales of assets
—

 
—

 
(1
)
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries
(697
)
 
(120
)
 
(665
)
Increase in other liabilities
50

 
11

 
99

Decrease (increase) in other assets
7

 
(7
)
 
5

Other operating, net
58

 
40

 
(1
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
1,201

 
1,662

 
1,078

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in and advances to subsidiaries
(105
)
 
—

 
(230
)
Repayment of investments in and advances to subsidiaries
55

 
—

 
167

Other investing, net
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net cash used by investing activities
(51
)
 
(1
)
 
(64
)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term borrowed funds
500

 
—

 
—

Repayments of long-term borrowed funds
—

 
(333
)
 
—

Proceeds from issuance of common stock
—

 
—

 
34

Treasury stock purchased
(1,220
)
 
(1,025
)
 
(820
)
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
730

 
593

 
—

Dividends declared and paid to common stockholders
(617
)
 
(471
)
 
(322
)
Dividends declared and paid to preferred stockholders
(65
)
 
(14
)
 
(14
)
Other financing, net
(21
)
 
(13
)
 
—

Net cash used by financing activities
(693
)
 
(1,263
)
 
(1,122
)
Increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks
457

 
398

 
(108
)
Cash and due from banks at beginning of year
961

 
563

 
671

Cash and due from banks at end of year

$1,418

 

$961

 

$563



 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 159

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In accordance with Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management's evaluation pursuant to Rules13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting are included in Item 8.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III

We refer in Part III of this Report to relevant sections of our 2020 Proxy Statement for the 2020 annual meeting of shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the close of our 2019 fiscal year. Portions of our 2020 Proxy Statement, including the sections we refer to in this Report, are incorporated by reference into this Report.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information required by this item is presented under the captions “Corporate Governance Matters” — “Election of Directors” — “Nominees” and “Board Governance and Oversight — Corporate Governance Guidelines, Committee Charters and Code of Business and Ethics” of our 2020 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this item.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information required by this item is presented under the captions “Compensation Matters” — “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Executive Compensation,” “Termination of Employment and Change of Control,” “Director Compensation,” “Role of Risk Management in Compensation,” and “CEO Pay Ratio” of our 2020 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this item.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 160

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is presented under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our 2020 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Information regarding our compensation plans under which CFG equity securities are authorized for issuance is included in the table below. Additional information regarding these plans is included in Note 17 in Item 8.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
At December 31, 2019
Plan Category
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (#)(1)
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights ($)(2)
Number of securities remaining available (excluding securities reflected in first column) (#)(3)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
3,000,224

—

53,899,864

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
—

—

—

Total
3,000,224

—

53,899,864

(1) Represents the number of shares of common stock associated with outstanding time-based and performance-based restricted stock units.
(2) We had no outstanding options.
(3) Represents the number of shares remaining available for future issuance under the Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (46,659,259 shares), the Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Employee Stock Repurchase Plan (5,782,877 shares), and the Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Non-Employee Directors Compensation Plan (1,457,728 shares).

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Information required by this item is set forth under the captions “Corporate Governance Matters” — “Board Governance and Oversight — Director Independence” and “Related Person Transactions” of our 2020 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this item.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Information required by this item is presented under the captions “Audit Matters” — “Pre-approval of Independent Auditor Services” and “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees” of our 2020 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated by reference into this item.
PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1) Financial Statements of Citizens Financial Group, Inc., included in this Report:

•
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on the Consolidated Financial Statements;
•
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018;
•
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017;
•
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017;
•
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017;
•
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017; and
•
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules

All financial statement schedules for the Registrant have been included in the audited Consolidated Financial Statements or the related footnotes in Item 8, or are either inapplicable or not required.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 161


(a)(3) Exhibits

3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant as in effect on the date hereof (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed May 8, 2015)

3.2 Certificate of Designations of the Registrant with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock, dated May 22, 2018, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and effective May 22, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 24, 2018)

3.3 Certificate of Designations of the Registrant with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock, dated October 24, 2018, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and effective October 24, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 25, 2018)

3.4 Certificate of Designations of the Registrant with respect to the Series D Preferred Stock, dated January 23, 2019, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and effective January 23, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed January 29, 2019)

3.5 Certificate of Designations of the Registrant with respect to the Series E Preferred Stock, dated October 22, 2019, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and effective October 22, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of the Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed October 25, 2019)

3.6 Bylaws of the Registrant (as amended and restated on October 20, 2016) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 24, 2016)

4.1 Senior Debt Indenture between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of October 28, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Registration Statement on Form S-3, filed October 29, 2015)

4.2 Subordinated Indenture between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of September 28, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed July 28, 2015)

4.3 Form of Certificate representing the Series A Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 6, 2015)

4.4 Form of Certificate representing the Series B Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 24, 2018)

4.5 Form of Deposit Agreement, by and among the Company, Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., jointly as depositary, and the holders from time to time of the depositary receipts described therein (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed October 25, 2019)

4.6 Form of Depository Receipt (incorporated herein by reference as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 29, 2019)

4.7 Agreement to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request a copy of instruments defining the rights of holders of certain long-term debt of the registrant and consolidated subsidiaries*

10.1 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed November 14, 2014)†

10.2 Amended and Restated Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan as of June 23, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 5, 2016)†

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 162


10.3 Amended and Restated Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan as of June 20, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 6, 2019)†

10.4 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for 2016 Awards (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 26, 2016)†

10.5 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for 2017 Award (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, Filed February 24, 2017)†

10.6 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for 2018 Award (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 22, 2018)†

10.7 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2019)†

10.8 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Bruce Van Saun Relating to Annual Awards (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, Filed February 24, 2017)†

10.9 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Performance Share Award Agreement for 2016 Awards (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2016)†

10.10 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Performance Stock Award Agreement for 2017 Awards (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, Filed February 24, 2017)†

10.11 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Amendment to Form of Performance Stock Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Filed August 3, 2017)†

10.12 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Performance Stock Award Agreement for 2018 Awards (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 22, 2018)†

10.13 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2019)†

10.14 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement for Bruce Van Saun Relating to Annual Awards (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, Filed February 24, 2017)†

10.15 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Amendment to Performance Share Unit Award Agreement/Restricted Stock Unit Agreement/Deferred Cash Agreement Terms and Conditions (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 26, 2016)†

10.16 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of the Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed September 26, 2014)†

10.17 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Non-Employee Directors Compensation Policy, Amended and Effective as of April 26, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 9, 2018)†

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 163


10.18 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Non-Employee Directors Compensation Policy, as amended April 25, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 6, 2019)†

10.19 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Non-Employee Directors Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of the Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed September 26, 2014)†

10.20 Amended and Restated Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Non-Employee Directors Compensation Plan as of June 23, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 5, 2016)†

10.21 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Non-Employee Directors Compensation Plan Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 26, 2016)†

10.22 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Non-Employee Directors Compensation Plan Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Filed August 3, 2017)†

10.23 Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors of Citizens Financial Group, Inc., effective January 1, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed August 15, 2014)†

10.24 Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed September 8, 2014)†

10.25 Amended and Restated CFG Voluntary Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 2009 and amended and restated on September 1, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 3, 2015)†

10.26 First Amendment to the CFG Voluntary Executive Deferred Compensation Plan dated March 1, 2019†*

10.27 Second Amendment to the CFG Voluntary Executive Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 9, 2019†*

10.28 Amended and Restated Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed August 15, 2014)†

10.29 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Form of Deferred Cash Award Agreement for 2016 Awards (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 26, 2016)†

10.30 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Form of Deferred Cash Award Agreement for 2017 and 2018 Awards (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.35 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 22, 2018)†

10.31 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Form of Deferred Cash Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2019)†

10.32 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Executive Severance Practice (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed August 15, 2014)†

10.33 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Performance Formula and Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 3, 2015)†

10.34 Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement, dated May 5, 2016, between the Registrant and Bruce Van Saun (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Quarterly Report on Form S-1, filed May 9, 2016)†

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 164


10.35 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between the Registrant and Bruce Van Saun relating to the May 2016 Grant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 9, 2016)†

10.36 Citizens Financial Group, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan Performance Share Unit Award Agreement between the Registrant and Bruce Van Saun for the May 2016 Grant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 9, 2016)†

10.37 Executive Employment Agreement, dated March 23, 2015, between the Registrant and Donald H. McCree III and subsequent addendum dated August 2, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 3, 2017)†

10.38 Offer Letter, dated May 23, 2008, as amended on August 6, 2014, between the Registrant and Brad Conner and subsequent addendums dated August 6, 2014 and August 2, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 3, 2017)†

10.39 Executive Employment Agreement, dated September 6, 2014, between the Registrant and Malcolm Griggs and subsequent addendum dated August 14, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.41 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2019)†

10.40 Executive Employment Agreement, dated December 13, 2016, between the Registrant and John F. Woods and subsequent addendum dated August 2, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 3, 2017)†

10.41 Supplemental Retirement Agreement, dated October 31, 1995, as amended, between Charter One Financial, Inc. and, Charles J. Koch (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.37 of Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed September 8, 2014)†

21.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant*

23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*

24.1 Power of Attorney (contained herein on signature pages)

31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

101
The following materials from the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements*

104
Cover page interactive data file in inline XBRL format, included in Exhibit 101 to this report*

† Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
* Filed herewith.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable.

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 165


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on February 24, 2020.        
    
CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
(Registrant)
 
 
By:
/s/ Bruce Van Saun

 
Name: Bruce Van Saun
 
Title: Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
 
(Principal Executive Officer)

 
 




 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 166

SIGNATURES
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned, being a director or officer of Citizens Financial Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), hereby constitutes and appoints Bruce Van Saun, John F. Woods, Stephen T. Gannon, and C. Jack Read, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead in any and all capacities, to sign one or more Annual Reports for the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 on Form 10-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or such other form as any such attorney-in-fact may deem necessary or desirable, any amendments thereto, and all additional amendments thereto, each in such form as they or any one of them may approve, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done so that such Annual Report shall comply with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the applicable Rules and Regulations adopted or issued pursuant thereto, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or their substitute or resubstitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Bruce Van Saun
 
 
 
 
 
Bruce Van Saun
 
 
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer and Director)
 
 
/s/ John F. Woods
 
 
 
 
 
John F. Woods
 
 
Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
/s/ C. Jack Read
 
 
 
 
 
C. Jack Read
 
 
Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Mark Casady
 
 
 
 
 
Mark Casady
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Christine M. Cumming
 
 
 
 
 
Christine M. Cumming
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ William P. Hankowsky
 
 
 
 
 
William P. Hankowsky
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Howard W. Hanna, III
 
 
 
 
 
Howard W. Hanna, III
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Leo I. Higdon, Jr.
 
 
 
 
 
Leo I. Higdon, Jr.
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Edward J. Kelley III
 
 
 
 
 
Edward J. Kelly III
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Charles J. Koch
 
 
 
 
 
Charles J. Koch
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Terrance J. Lillis
 
 
 
 
 
Terrance J. Lillis
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Shivan S. Subramaniam
 
 
 
 
 
Shivan S. Subramaniam
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Wendy A. Watson
 
 
 
 
 
Wendy A. Watson
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Marita Zuraitis
 
 
 
 
 
Marita Zuraitis
 
 
Director
 
February 24, 2020

 
 
Citizens Financial Group, Inc. | 167

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