UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015
OR
1
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______ to ______
Commission file number 001-34580
FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Incorporated in Delaware
26-1911571
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1 First American Way, Santa Ana, California
92707-5913
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(714) 250-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No 1
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No 1
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
1 (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes 1 No x
APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes 1 No 1
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
On July 17, 2015, there were 108,643,523 shares of common stock outstanding.
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
INFORMATION INCLUDED IN REPORT
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements (unaudited)
A. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014
5
B. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
6
C. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
7
D. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
8
E. Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the six months ended June 30, 2015
9
F. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
10
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
30
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
40
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
Legal Proceedings
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
42
Item 6.
Exhibits
49
Items 2 through 5 of Part II have been omitted because they are not applicable with respect to the current reporting period.
2
CERTAIN STATEMENTS IN THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THOSE RELATING TO:
•
THE EFFECT OF PENDING ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ON THE COMPANY’S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS;
EXPECTED PENSION PLAN AND SUPPLEMENTAL BENEFIT PLAN CONTRIBUTIONS AND RETURNS;
THE EFFECT OF LAWSUITS, REGULATORY EXAMINATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS AND OTHER LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ON THE COMPANY’S FINANCIAL CONDITION, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OR CASH FLOWS;
FUTURE PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS;
THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE COMPANY’S RESOURCES TO SATISFY OPERATIONAL CASH REQUIREMENTS;
THE EFFECTS OF THE CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU’S INTEGRATED DISCLOSURE RULES;
THE LIKELIHOOD OF CHANGES IN EXPECTED ULTIMATE LOSSES AND CORRESPONDING LOSS RATES AND CLAIM RESERVES;
THE LIKELIHOOD AND EFFECTS OF CYBER ATTACKS AND SIMILAR INCIDENTS;
FUTURE ACQUISITIONS; AND
CANADIAN EXCISE TAXES FOR SERVICES PROVIDED TO LENDERS,
ARE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS MAY CONTAIN THE WORDS “BELIEVE,” “ANTICIPATE,” “EXPECT,” “PLAN,” “PREDICT,” “ESTIMATE,” “PROJECT,” “WILL BE,” “WILL CONTINUE,” “WILL LIKELY RESULT,” OR OTHER SIMILAR WORDS AND PHRASES.
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES EXIST THAT MAY CAUSE RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE SET FORTH IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE THE ANTICIPATED RESULTS TO DIFFER FROM THOSE DESCRIBED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS INCLUDE:
INTEREST RATE FLUCTUATIONS;
CHANGES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE REAL ESTATE MARKETS;
VOLATILITY IN THE CAPITAL MARKETS;
UNFAVORABLE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS;
IMPAIRMENTS IN THE COMPANY’S GOODWILL OR OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS;
FAILURES AT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS WHERE THE COMPANY DEPOSITS FUNDS;
CHANGES IN APPLICABLE GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS;
HEIGHTENED SCRUTINY BY LEGISLATORS AND REGULATORS OF THE COMPANY’S TITLE INSURANCE AND SERVICES SEGMENT AND CERTAIN OTHER OF THE COMPANY’S BUSINESSES;
THE CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU’S EXERCISE OF ITS BROAD RULEMAKING AND SUPERVISORY POWERS;
COMPLIANCE WITH THE CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU’S INTEGRATED DISCLOSURE RULES;
REGULATION OF TITLE INSURANCE RATES;
REFORM OF GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED MORTGAGE ENTERPRISES;
LIMITATIONS ON ACCESS TO PUBLIC RECORDS AND OTHER DATA;
CHANGES IN RELATIONSHIPS WITH LARGE MORTGAGE LENDERS AND GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ENTERPRISES;
CHANGES IN MEASURES OF THE STRENGTH OF THE COMPANY’S TITLE INSURANCE UNDERWRITERS, INCLUDING RATINGS AND STATUTORY CAPITAL AND SURPLUS;
LOSSES IN THE COMPANY’S INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO;
EXPENSES OF AND FUNDING OBLIGATIONS TO THE PENSION PLAN;
MATERIAL VARIANCE BETWEEN ACTUAL AND EXPECTED CLAIMS EXPERIENCE;
DEFALCATIONS, INCREASED CLAIMS OR OTHER COSTS AND EXPENSES ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY’S USE OF TITLE AGENTS;
ANY INADEQUACY IN THE COMPANY’S RISK MITIGATION EFFORTS;
3
SYSTEMS DAMAGE, FAILURES, INTERRUPTIONS AND INTRUSIONS, WIRE TRANSFER ERRORS OR UNAUTHORIZED DATA DISCLOSURES;
INABILITY TO REALIZE THE BENEFITS OF THE COMPANY’S OFFSHORE STRATEGY;
INABILITY OF THE COMPANY’S SUBSIDIARIES TO PAY DIVIDENDS OR REPAY FUNDS;
INABILITY TO REALIZE THE BENEFITS OF, AND CHALLENGES ARISING FROM, THE COMPANY’S ACQUISITION STRATEGY; AND
OTHER FACTORS DESCRIBED IN PART II, ITEM 1A OF THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q.
THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS SPEAK ONLY AS OF THE DATE THEY ARE MADE. THE COMPANY DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO UPDATE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS TO REFLECT CIRCUMSTANCES OR EVENTS THAT OCCUR AFTER THE DATE THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE MADE.
4
Financial Statements.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except par values)
(unaudited)
June 30,
2015
December 31,
2014
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,269,660
1,190,080
Accounts and accrued income receivable, net
275,336
276,610
Income taxes receivable
1,802
5,547
Investments:
Deposits with banks
17,972
21,445
Debt securities, includes pledged securities of $124,701 and $120,742
4,145,414
3,450,252
Equity securities
304,081
402,412
Other investments
160,795
159,783
4,628,262
4,033,892
Property and equipment, net
394,060
395,287
Title plants and other indexes
547,059
530,589
Deferred income taxes
19,712
Goodwill
970,510
959,945
Other intangible assets, net
53,538
55,812
Other assets
193,613
198,626
8,353,552
7,666,100
Liabilities and Equity
Deposits
2,965,293
2,332,714
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
860,856
854,105
Deferred revenue
201,591
202,764
Reserve for known and incurred but not reported claims
956,786
1,011,780
Income taxes payable
33,869
6,228
91,372
95,128
Notes and contracts payable
584,538
587,337
5,694,305
5,090,056
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; Authorized—500 shares;Outstanding—none
—
Common stock, $0.00001 par value; Authorized—300,000 shares; Outstanding—108,642 shares and 107,541 shares
Additional paid-in capital
2,130,552
2,109,712
Retained earnings
737,980
662,310
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(212,124
)
(199,106
Total stockholders’ equity
2,656,409
2,572,917
Noncontrolling interests
2,838
3,127
Total equity
2,659,247
2,576,044
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Three Months Ended
Six Months Ended
Revenues
Direct premiums and escrow fees
628,425
531,123
1,146,929
964,995
Agent premiums
493,102
423,209
919,429
844,133
Information and other
170,530
165,703
317,178
303,345
Net investment income
27,864
23,659
48,422
41,426
Net realized investment gains
3,868
6,275
2,915
8,869
1,323,789
1,149,969
2,434,873
2,162,768
Expenses
Personnel costs
396,616
354,133
754,616
680,651
Premiums retained by agents
394,828
338,271
737,288
674,936
Other operating expenses
223,110
214,121
431,667
402,488
Provision for policy losses and other claims
122,870
128,466
224,424
218,349
Depreciation and amortization
21,463
19,780
42,317
39,752
Premium taxes
16,012
14,254
29,481
26,544
Interest
7,268
4,486
14,510
8,337
1,182,167
1,073,511
2,234,303
2,051,057
Income before income taxes
141,622
76,458
200,570
111,711
Income taxes
48,043
25,770
69,195
39,171
Net income
93,579
50,688
131,375
72,540
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
232
94
396
222
Net income attributable to the Company
93,347
50,594
130,979
72,318
Net income per share attributable to the Company's
stockholders (Note 8):
Basic
0.86
0.47
1.21
0.68
Diluted
0.85
1.19
0.67
Cash dividends declared per share
0.25
0.50
0.36
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (Note 8):
108,459
106,878
108,102
106,522
109,796
108,647
109,586
108,423
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(in thousands)
Three Months EndedJune 30,
Six Months EndedJune 30,
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities
(28,506
14,039
(8,432
26,239
Foreign currency translation adjustment
4,866
11,612
(13,794
5,572
Pension benefit adjustment
4,601
3,892
9,202
7,783
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
(19,039
29,543
(13,024
39,594
Comprehensive income
74,540
80,231
118,351
112,134
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
227
98
390
229
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company
74,313
80,133
117,961
111,905
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Cash flows from operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on debt securities, net
14,045
11,967
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation
(8,417
(5,827
(2,915
(8,869
Share-based compensation
15,563
12,519
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net
(4,880
1,748
Dividends from equity method investments
5,940
3,471
Changes in assets and liabilities excluding effects of acquisitions and noncash transactions:
Claims paid, including assets acquired, net of recoveries
(251,542
(240,144
Net change in income tax accounts
37,875
33,493
Increase in accounts and accrued income receivable
(20,961
(11,439
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(26,188
(74,174
Decrease in deferred revenue
(955
(5,017
Other, net
11,262
(3,476
Cash provided by operating activities
166,943
44,893
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net cash effect of acquisitions/dispositions
(25,929
(166,354
Net decrease (increase) in deposits with banks
2,959
(256
Purchases of debt and equity securities
(1,207,037
(592,381
Proceeds from sales of debt and equity securities
344,170
386,744
Proceeds from maturities of debt securities
263,015
173,644
Net change in other investments
4,509
1,364
Net paydowns on loans receivable
14,914
Capital expenditures
(61,837
(40,063
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment
16,608
13
Cash used for investing activities
(663,542
(222,375
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits
632,579
269,779
Net proceeds from issuance of debt
300,735
Repayment of debt
(2,623
(156,476
Net activity related to noncontrolling interests
(679
(633
8,417
5,827
Net payments in connection with share-based compensation plans
(4,328
(911
Cash dividends
(54,121
(38,441
Cash provided by financing activities
579,245
379,880
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
(3,066
4,024
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
79,580
206,422
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period
834,837
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period
1,041,259
Supplemental information:
Cash paid during the period for:
14,664
8,346
34,043
36,825
Income taxes, less refunds of $713 and $1,016
30,973
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
First American Financial Corporation Stockholders
Shares
Commonstock
Additionalpaid-incapital
Retainedearnings
Accumulatedothercomprehensiveloss
Totalstockholders’equity
Noncontrollinginterests
Total
Balance at December 31, 2014
107,541
Net income for six months ended June 30, 2015
Dividends on common shares
Shares issued in connection with share-based compensation plans
1,101
5,277
(1,188
4,089
Share-based compensation expense
Other comprehensive income (Note 12)
(13,018
(6
Balance at June 30, 2015
108,642
FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Note 1 – Basis of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial information included in this report has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X. The principles for condensed interim financial information do not require the inclusion of all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they contain all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the consolidated results for the interim periods. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued updated guidance which changes the criteria for determining which disposals are required to be presented as discontinued operations and modifies related disclosure requirements. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Pending Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2015, the FASB issued updated disclosure guidance related to short-duration contracts issued by insurance entities. The updated guidance is intended to increase the transparency of significant estimates made in measuring liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses and to provide additional insight into an insurance entity’s ability to underwrite and anticipate costs associated with claims. The updated guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and for interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. Except for the disclosure requirements, the Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to impact its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to eliminate the diversity in practice surrounding how investments measured at net asset value under the practical expedient with future redemption dates have been categorized in the fair value hierarchy. Under the updated guidance, investments for which fair value is measured at net asset value per share using the practical expedient should no longer be categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The updated guidance requires retrospective adoption for all periods presented and is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. Except for the disclosure requirements, the Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to impact its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to clarify the accounting treatment for cloud computing arrangements that include software licenses. Under the updated guidance, if a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to simplify, and provide consistency to, the presentation of debt issuance costs. The new standard requires that debt issuance costs be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIESNotes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued) (unaudited)
In February 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance which changes the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects the adoption of this guidance to have no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In June 2014, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to eliminate the diversity in practice regarding share-based payment awards that include terms which provide for a performance target that affects vesting being achieved after the requisite service period. The new standard requires that a performance target which affects vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition that affects vesting and should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects the adoption of this guidance to have no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued updated guidance for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers to provide a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability within and across industries, and across capital markets. The new revenue standard contains principles that an entity will apply to determine the measurement of revenue and the timing of recognition. The underlying principle is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue from insurance contracts is not within the scope of this guidance. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the new guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 2 – Escrow Deposits, Like-kind Exchange Deposits and Trust Assets
The Company administers escrow deposits and trust assets as a service to its customers. Escrow deposits totaled $7.9 billion and $6.3 billion at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, of which $2.8 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, were held at the Company’s federal savings bank subsidiary, First American Trust, FSB. The escrow deposits held at First American Trust, FSB are temporarily invested in cash and cash equivalents and debt and equity securities, with offsetting liabilities included in deposits in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The remaining escrow deposits were held at third-party financial institutions.
Trust assets held or managed by First American Trust, FSB totaled $3.1 billion and $3.0 billion at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Escrow deposits held at third-party financial institutions and trust assets are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company could be held contingently liable for the disposition of these assets.
In conducting its operations, the Company often holds customers’ assets in escrow, pending completion of real estate transactions and, as a result, the Company has ongoing programs for realizing economic benefits, including investment programs and vendor services arrangements with various financial institutions. The effects of these programs are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements as income or a reduction in expense, as appropriate, based on the nature of the arrangement and benefit received.
The Company facilitates tax-deferred property exchanges for customers pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code and tax-deferred reverse exchanges pursuant to Revenue Procedure 2000-37. As a facilitator and intermediary, the Company holds the proceeds from sales transactions and takes temporary title to property identified by the customer to be acquired with such proceeds. Upon the completion of each such exchange, the identified property is transferred to the customer or, if the exchange does not take place, an amount equal to the sales proceeds or, in the case of a reverse exchange, title to the property held by the Company is transferred to the customer. Like-kind exchange funds held by the Company totaled $2.5 billion and $2.4 billion at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The like-kind exchange deposits are held at third-party financial institutions and, due to the structure utilized to facilitate these transactions, the proceeds and property are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. All such amounts are placed in deposit accounts insured, up to applicable limits, by the Federal
11
Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company could be held contingently liable to the customer for the transfers of property, disbursements of proceeds and the returns on such proceeds.
Note 3 – Debt and Equity Securities
Investments in debt securities, all of which are classified as available-for-sale, are as follows:
Amortizedcost
Gross unrealized
Estimatedfair value
Gains
Losses
June 30, 2015
U.S. Treasury bonds
102,861
569
(1,610
101,820
Municipal bonds
669,164
8,886
(3,009
675,041
Foreign bonds
189,499
3,002
(53
192,448
Governmental agency bonds
419,150
1,004
(2,425
417,729
Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities
2,016,851
6,986
(10,652
2,013,185
Corporate debt securities
747,256
6,307
(8,372
745,191
4,144,781
26,754
(26,121
December 31, 2014
64,195
968
(181
64,982
577,703
10,981
(1,007
587,677
194,749
2,009
(8
196,750
198,330
1,562
(2,018
197,874
1,812,766
8,491
(9,095
1,812,162
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities
15,949
1,306
(717
16,538
568,774
8,759
(3,264
574,269
3,432,466
34,076
(16,290
Investments in equity securities, all of which are classified as available-for-sale, are as follows:
Cost
Preferred stocks
19,578
688
(1,225
19,041
Common stocks
271,551
17,876
(4,387
285,040
291,129
18,564
(5,612
14,976
596
(47
15,525
378,938
16,680
(8,731
386,887
393,914
17,276
(8,778
Sales of debt and equity securities resulted in realized gains of $1.5 million and $8.0 million and realized losses of $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and realized gains of $5.1 million and $14.6 million and realized losses of $6.6 million and $4.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
12
Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt and equity securities are as follows:
Less than 12 months
12 months or longer
Unrealizedlosses
Debt securities:
56,754
(1,580
11,012
(30
67,766
248,986
(2,807
12,983
(202
261,969
7,713
237,630
(2,005
44,764
(420
282,394
797,995
(5,197
179,534
(5,455
977,529
312,517
(7,751
17,861
(621
330,378
Total debt securities
1,661,595
(19,393
266,154
(6,728
1,927,749
107,681
(3,833
17,551
(1,779
125,232
1,769,276
(23,226
283,705
(8,507
2,052,981
(31,733
8,122
(27
15,124
(154
23,246
137,755
(689
19,625
(318
157,380
6,215
27,479
(88
127,936
(1,930
155,415
383,717
(1,612
300,918
(7,483
684,635
5,611
198,079
(3,151
9,683
(113
207,762
761,367
(5,575
478,897
(10,715
1,240,264
208,922
(8,587
2,340
(191
211,262
970,289
(14,162
481,237
(10,906
1,451,526
(25,068
Investments in debt securities at June 30, 2015, by contractual maturities, are as follows:
Due in oneyear or less
Due afterone throughfive years
Due afterfive throughten years
Due afterten years
Amortized cost
3,680
69,082
13,615
16,484
Estimated fair value
3,738
69,157
13,512
15,413
37,237
278,179
220,717
133,031
37,389
280,146
223,300
134,206
48,442
126,251
11,652
3,154
48,788
128,657
11,834
3,169
12,293
354,761
28,247
23,849
12,312
353,776
28,418
23,223
19,668
289,397
370,973
67,218
19,900
292,130
368,710
64,451
Total debt securities excluding mortgage-backed securities
121,320
1,117,670
645,204
243,736
2,127,930
122,127
1,123,866
645,774
240,462
2,132,229
Total mortgage-backed securities
Mortgage-backed securities, which include contractual terms to maturity, are not categorized by contractual maturity because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay such obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Note 4 – Goodwill
A summary of the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by operating segment, for the six months ended June 30, 2015, is as follows:
TitleInsuranceand Services
SpecialtyInsurance
Balance as of December 31, 2014
913,180
46,765
Acquisitions
14,183
Foreign currency translation
(3,618
Balance as of June 30, 2015
923,745
The Company’s four reporting units for purposes of assessing impairment are title insurance, home warranty, property and casualty insurance and trust and other services. During the six months ended June 30, 2015 there were no triggering events that would require an impairment analysis. There is no accumulated impairment for goodwill as the Company has never recognized impairment to any of its reporting units.
14
Note 5 – Other Intangible Assets
Other intangible assets consist of the following:
December 31,2014
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships
95,788
94,850
Noncompete agreements
27,631
27,286
Trademarks
9,398
11,241
Patents
2,840
135,657
136,217
Accumulated amortization
(98,996
(97,282
36,661
38,935
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Licenses
16,877
Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $2.4 million and $4.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, and $2.2 million and $5.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively.
Estimated amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:
Year
Remainder of 2015
4,582
2016
8,511
2017
7,250
2018
4,797
2019
4,004
2020
2,162
Note 6 – Reserve for Known and Incurred But Not Reported Claims
A summary of the Company’s loss reserves is as follows:
(in thousands, except percentages)
Known title claims
93,230
9.7
%
165,330
16.3
Incurred but not reported claims
812,140
84.9
802,069
79.3
Total title claims
905,370
94.6
967,399
95.6
Non-title claims
51,416
5.4
44,381
4.4
Total loss reserves
100.0
The Company’s reserve for known title claims was $93.2 million at June 30, 2015, a decline of $72.1 million, or 43.6%, from the balance at December 31, 2014. This decline is primarily attributable to settlement payments associated with certain large claims during the first quarter of 2015. The reserve for known title claims associated with these claims recorded at December 31, 2014 was $56.0 million. The Company paid $35.0 million, net of $21.0 million recovered through reinsurance, during the first quarter of 2015 to settle these claims.
15
The provision for title insurance losses, expressed as a percentage of title insurance premiums and escrow fees, was 6.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 8.9% and 7.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively.
The current quarter rate of 6.5% reflects the ultimate loss rate of 6.0% for the current policy year and a $5.1 million net increase in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years.
The second quarter of 2014 rate of 8.9% reflected the ultimate loss rate of 6.0% for the 2014 policy year and a $25.1 million net increase in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years. The increase in loss reserve estimates for prior policy years was primarily related to a large commercial claim from policy year 2007, net of anticipated recoveries.
Note 7 – Income Taxes
The Company’s effective income tax rate (income tax expense as a percentage of income before income taxes) was 33.9% and 34.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, and 33.7% and 35.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively. The differences in the effective tax rates were primarily due to changes in the ratio of permanent differences to income before income taxes, changes in state and foreign income taxes resulting from fluctuations in the Company’s noninsurance and foreign subsidiaries’ contribution to pretax profits and changes in the liability related to tax positions on the Company’s tax returns recorded in 2014.
In connection with the Company’s June 2010 spin-off from its prior parent, which subsequently assumed the name CoreLogic, Inc. (“CoreLogic”), it entered into a tax sharing agreement which governs the Company’s and CoreLogic’s respective rights, responsibilities and obligations for certain tax related matters. At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had a net payable to CoreLogic of $35.6 million and $35.1 million, respectively, related to tax matters prior to the spin-off. This amount is included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The increase during the current year was primarily the result of an additional accrual for tax matters prior to the spin-off.
The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing the valuation allowance and adjusts the allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the Company’s forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets. The ability or failure to achieve the forecasted taxable income in the applicable taxing jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets. Based on future operating results in certain jurisdictions, it is possible that the current valuation allowance positions of those jurisdictions could be adjusted in the next 12 months.
As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the liability for income taxes associated with uncertain tax positions was $24.2 million and $24.1 million, respectively. The net increase in the liability during 2015 was primarily attributable to activity related to examinations conducted by various taxing authorities. As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the liability could be reduced by $3.4 million of offsetting tax benefits associated with the correlative effects of potential adjustments including timing adjustments and state income taxes. The net amounts of $20.8 million and $20.7 million as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, if recognized, would favorably affect the Company’s effective tax rate.
The Company’s continuing practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had accrued $9.3 million and $8.9 million, respectively, of interest and penalties (net of tax benefits of $3.9 million and $3.7 million, respectively) related to uncertain tax positions.
It is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized benefit with respect to certain of the Company’s unrecognized tax positions may significantly decrease within the next 12 months. These changes may be the result of ongoing audits or the expiration of federal and state statutes of limitations for the assessment of taxes.
The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions, and various non-U.S. jurisdictions. The primary non-federal jurisdictions are California, Canada, India and the United
16
Kingdom. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and non-U.S. income tax examinations by taxing authorities for years prior to 2005.
Note 8 – Earnings Per Share
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:
Numerator
Less: dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”)
88
123
150
176
Net income allocated to common stockholders
93,259
50,471
130,829
72,142
Denominator
Basic weighted-average shares
Effect of dilutive employee stock options and RSUs
1,337
1,769
1,484
1,901
Diluted weighted-average shares
Net income per share attributable to the Company’s stockholders
RSUs excluded from weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding due to their antidilutive effect totaled 4 thousand and 2 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively. Stock options and RSUs excluded from weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding due to their antidilutive effect for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 totaled 134 thousand and 133 thousand, respectively.
Note 9 – Employee Benefit Plans
Net periodic cost related to the Company’s defined benefit pension and supplemental benefit plans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 includes the following components:
Expense:
Service costs
329
780
658
Interest costs
7,009
6,956
14,018
13,912
Expected return on plan assets
(5,448
(4,694
(10,896
(9,388
Amortization of net actuarial loss
8,492
7,407
16,984
14,814
Amortization of prior service credit
(1,041
(1,038
(2,082
(2,076
9,402
8,960
18,804
17,920
The Company contributed $17.7 million to the defined benefit pension and supplemental benefit plans during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and expects to contribute an additional $18.1 million during the remainder of 2015. These contributions include those required by funding regulations as well as discretionary contributions necessary to provide benefit payments to participants of certain of the Company’s non-qualified supplemental benefit plans.
17
Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements
Certain of the Company’s assets are carried at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities carried at fair value using a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements that distinguishes between market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy for inputs used in determining fair value maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. The hierarchy level assigned to the assets and liabilities is based on management’s assessment of the transparency and reliability of the inputs used to estimate the fair values at the measurement date. The three hierarchy levels are defined as follows:
Level 1—Valuations based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs (other than Level 1 prices), such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities at the measurement date; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement, and involve management judgment.
If the inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the hierarchy level assigned is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
The valuation techniques and inputs used by the Company to estimate the fair value of assets measured on a recurring basis, are summarized as follows:
Debt securities
The fair values of debt securities were based on the market values obtained from independent pricing services that were evaluated using pricing models that vary by asset class and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information and price quotes from well-established independent broker-dealers. The independent pricing services monitor market indicators, industry and economic events, and for broker-quoted only securities, obtain quotes from market makers or broker-dealers that they recognize to be market participants. The pricing services utilize the market approach in determining the fair value of the debt securities held by the Company. The Company obtains an understanding of the valuation models and assumptions utilized by the services and has controls in place to determine that the values provided represent fair value. The Company’s validation procedures include comparing prices received from the pricing services to quotes received from other third party sources for certain securities with market prices that are readily verifiable. If the price comparison results in differences over a predefined threshold, the Company will assess the reasonableness of the changes relative to prior periods given the prevailing market conditions and assess changes in the issuers’ credit worthiness, performance of any underlying collateral and prices of the instrument relative to similar issuances. To date, the Company has not made any material adjustments to the fair value measurements provided by the pricing services.
Typical inputs and assumptions to pricing models used to value the Company’s U.S. Treasury bonds, municipal bonds, foreign bonds, governmental agency bonds, governmental agency mortgage-backed securities and corporate debt securities include, but are not limited to, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, credit spreads, credit ratings, bond insurance (if applicable), benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data and industry and economic events. For mortgage-backed securities, inputs and assumptions may also include the structure of issuance, characteristics of the issuer, collateral attributes and prepayment speeds. Non-agency mortgage-backed securities and certain corporate debt securities were not actively traded and there were fewer observable inputs available requiring the pricing services to use more judgment in determining their fair values, which resulted in their classification as Level 3.
18
The fair values of equity securities, including preferred and common stocks, were based on quoted market prices for identical assets that are readily and regularly available in an active market.
The following table presents the fair values of the Company’s assets measured on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Assets:
733,833
11,358
4,134,056
Equity securities:
Total assets
4,449,495
3,433,714
3,852,664
There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014. Transfers into or out of the Level 3 category occur when unobservable inputs become more or less significant to the fair value measurement. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 were based on market liquidity and related transparency of pricing and associated observable inputs for certain of the Company’s corporate debt securities. There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period.
19
The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair values of Level 3 assets measured on a recurring basis for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
June 30, 2014
Fair value at beginning of period
32,566
18,646
Transfers into Level 3
2,504
Transfers out of Level 3
(26,083
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings:
Net realized investment losses
(43
Net other-than-temporary impairment losses
(515
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)
(205
223
Purchases
4,488
Sales
(481
Settlements
(1,388
(360
Fair value at end of period
17,994
Unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the period relating to Level 3 assets that were still held at the end of the period:
20
The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair values of Level 3 assets measured on a recurring basis for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
19,022
(41
(1,015
(1,056
(1,033
44
(589
(545
689
37,045
(653
(14,934
(15,587
(1,458
(684
Financial instruments not measured at fair value
In estimating the fair values of its financial instruments not measured at fair value, the Company used the following methods and assumptions:
The carrying amount for cash and cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term maturity of these investments.
The fair value of deposits with banks is estimated based on rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities, where applicable.
Notes receivable, net
The fair value of notes receivable, net is estimated based on the discounted value of the future cash flows using approximate current market rates being offered for notes with similar maturities and similar credit quality.
The carrying value of escrow and other deposit accounts approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of this liability.
21
The fair value of notes and contracts payable is estimated based on current rates offered to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities.
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not measured at fair value as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
Carrying
Amount
18,033
3,563
14,470
6,177
4,428
Liabilities:
588,949
583,838
5,111
21,540
4,068
17,472
6,130
3,930
595,087
588,542
6,545
Note 11 – Share-Based Compensation
The following table presents compensation expense associated with the Company’s share-based compensation plans:
RSUs
4,117
3,091
14,219
11,365
Stock options
68
135
Employee stock purchase plan
520
(38
1,209
1,019
4,705
3,121
22
The following table summarizes RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2015:
(in thousands, except weighted-average grant-date fair value)
Weighted-averagegrant-datefair value
RSUs unvested at December 31, 2014
2,337
21.21
Granted during 2015
721
34.76
Vested during 2015
(947
18.12
Forfeited during 2015
(20
28.04
RSUs unvested at June 30, 2015
2,091
27.22
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2015:
(in thousands, except weighted-average exercise price and contractual term)
Numberoutstanding
Weighted-averageexercise price
Weighted-averageremainingcontractual term
Aggregateintrinsicvalue
686
20.18
Exercised during 2015
(290
16.59
22.82
3.1 years
5,693
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2015
Exercisable at June 30, 2015
296
21.19
1.3 years
4,745
Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2015 are as follows:
Unrealizedgains (losses)on securities
Foreigncurrencytranslationadjustment
Pensionbenefitadjustment
Accumulatedothercomprehensiveincome (loss)
10,911
(20,420
(189,580
(199,089
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on securities
(12,699
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments
Amortization of prior service cost
Tax effect
4,267
(5,700
(1,433
2,479
(34,214
(180,378
(212,113
Allocated to the Company
2,468
Allocated to noncontrolling interests
23
The following table presents the other comprehensive income (loss) reclassification adjustments for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
Totalothercomprehensiveincome (loss)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
Pretax change before reclassifications
(42,784
(37,918
Reclassifications out of AOCI
(1,039
7,451
6,412
15,317
(2,850
12,467
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
29,818
41,430
(6,840
6,369
(471
(8,939
(2,477
(11,416
The following table presents the other comprehensive income (loss) reclassification adjustments for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
(14,351
(28,145
1,652
14,902
16,554
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
51,953
57,525
(9,009
12,738
3,729
(16,705
(4,955
(21,660
24
The following table presents the effect of the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the respective line items in the condensed consolidated statements of income:
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Affected line items in the condensed
consolidated statements of income
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Net realized gains (losses) on sales of securities
1,039
7,355
(1,652
10,042
Pretax total
6,840
9,009
(363
(2,661
555
(3,505
Pension benefit adjustment:
Amortization of defined benefit pension and supplemental benefit plan items:
Net actuarial loss
(8,492
(7,407
(16,984
(14,814
(1)
Prior service credit
1,041
1,038
2,082
2,076
(7,451
(6,369
(14,902
(12,738
2,850
2,477
5,700
4,955
These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic cost. See Note 9 Employee Benefit Plans for additional details.
Note 13 – Litigation and Regulatory Contingencies
The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to a number of non-ordinary course lawsuits. These lawsuits frequently are similar in nature to other lawsuits pending against the Company’s competitors.
For those non-ordinary course lawsuits where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, a liability representing the best estimate of the Company’s financial exposure based on known facts has been recorded. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded.
For a substantial majority of these lawsuits, however, it is not possible to assess the probability of loss. Most of these lawsuits are putative class actions which require a plaintiff to satisfy a number of procedural requirements before proceeding to trial. These requirements include, among others, demonstration to a court that the law proscribes in some manner the Company’s activities, the making of factual allegations sufficient to suggest that the Company’s activities exceeded the limits of the law and a determination by the court—known as class certification—that the law permits a group of individuals to pursue the case together as a class. In certain instances the Company may also be able to compel the plaintiff to arbitrate its claim on an individual basis. If these procedural requirements are not met, either the lawsuit cannot proceed or, as is the case with class certification or compelled arbitration, the plaintiffs lose the financial incentive to proceed with the case (or the amount at issue effectively becomes de minimis). Frequently, a court’s determination as to these procedural requirements is subject to appeal to a higher court. As a result of, among other factors, ambiguities and inconsistencies in the myriad laws applicable to the Company’s business and the uniqueness of the factual issues presented in any given lawsuit, the Company often cannot determine the probability of loss until a court has finally determined that a plaintiff has satisfied applicable procedural requirements.
Furthermore, because most of these lawsuits are putative class actions, it is often impossible to estimate the possible loss or a range of loss amounts, even where the Company has determined that a loss is reasonably possible. Generally class actions involve a large number of people and the effort to determine which people satisfy the requirements to become plaintiffs—or class members—is often time consuming and burdensome. Moreover, these lawsuits raise complex factual issues which
25
result in uncertainty as to their outcome and, ultimately, make it difficult for the Company to estimate the amount of damages which a plaintiff might successfully prove. In addition, many of the Company’s businesses are regulated by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies and are subject to numerous statutory guidelines. These regulations and statutory guidelines often are complex, inconsistent or ambiguous, which results in additional uncertainty as to the outcome of a given lawsuit—including the amount of damages a plaintiff might be afforded—or makes it difficult to analogize experience in one case or jurisdiction to another case or jurisdiction.
Most of the non-ordinary course lawsuits to which the Company and its subsidiaries are parties challenge practices in the Company’s title insurance business, though a limited number of cases also pertain to the Company’s other businesses. These lawsuits include, among others, cases alleging, among other assertions, that the Company, one of its subsidiaries and/or one of its agents:
·
charged an improper rate for title insurance in a refinance transaction, including
Levine v. First American Title Insurance Company, filed on February 26, 2009 and pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania,
Lewis v. First American Title Insurance Company, filed on November 28, 2006 and pending in the United States District Court for the District of Idaho, and
Raffone v. First American Title Insurance Company, filed on February 14, 2004 and pending in the Circuit Court, Nassau County, Florida.
All of these lawsuits are putative class actions. A court has only granted class certification in Lewis and Raffone. For the reasons stated above, the Company has been unable to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss or, where the Company has been able to make an estimate, the Company believes the amount is immaterial to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.
purchased minority interests in title insurance agents as an inducement to refer title insurance underwriting business to the Company or gave items of value to title insurance agents and others for referrals of business in violation of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, including
Edwards v. First American Financial Corporation, filed on June 12, 2007 and pending in the United States District Court for the Central District of California.
In Edwards a narrow class has been certified. For the reasons stated above, the Company has been unable to estimate the possible loss or the range of loss.
engaged in the unauthorized practice of law, including
Gale v. First American Title Insurance Company, et al., filed on October 16, 2006 and pending in the United States District Court of Connecticut.
The class originally certified in Gale was subsequently decertified. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss.
misclassified certain employees, including
Sager v. Interthinx, Inc., filed on January 23, 2015 and pending in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles, and
Weber v. Interthinx, Inc., et al., filed on April 17, 2015 and pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri.
All of these lawsuits are putative class actions for which a class has not been certified. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss.
26
overcharged or improperly charged fees for products and services, denied home warranty claims, failed to timely file certain documents, and gave items of value to developers, builders and others as inducements to refer business in violation of certain laws, such as consumer protection laws and laws generally prohibiting unfair business practices, and certain obligations, including
Chassen v. First American Financial Corporation, et al., filed on January 22, 2009 and pending in the United States District Court of New Jersey,
Gunning v. First American Title Insurance Company, filed on July 14, 2008 and pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky,
Kaufman v. First American Financial Corporation, et al., filed on December 21, 2007 and pending in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles,
Kirk v. First American Financial Corporation, et al., filed on June 15, 2006 and pending in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles,
Sjobring v. First American Financial Corporation, et al., filed on February 25, 2005 and pending in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles,
Snyder v. First American Financial Corporation, et al., filed on June 21, 2014 and pending in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado,
Wilmot v. First American Financial Corporation, et al., filed on April 20, 2007 and pending in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles, and
In re First American Home Buyers Protection Corporation, consolidated on October 9, 2014 and pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California.
All of these lawsuits, except Kaufman and Kirk, are putative class actions for which a class has not been certified. In Kaufman a class was certified but that certification was subsequently vacated. A trial of the Kirk matter has concluded, plaintiff has filed a notice of appeal and the Company filed a cross appeal. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss or, where the Company has been able to make an estimate, the Company believes the amount is immaterial to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.
While some of the lawsuits described above may be material to the Company’s operating results in any particular period if an unfavorable outcome results, the Company does not believe that any of these lawsuits will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s overall financial condition or liquidity.
The Company also is a party to non-ordinary course lawsuits other than those described above. With respect to these lawsuits, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.
The Company’s title insurance, property and casualty insurance, home warranty, banking, thrift, trust and investment advisory businesses are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental agencies. Many of the Company’s other businesses operate within statutory guidelines. Consequently, the Company may from time to time be subject to examination or investigation by such governmental agencies. Currently, governmental agencies are examining or investigating certain of the Company’s operations. These exams or investigations include inquiries into, among other matters, pricing and rate setting practices in the title insurance industry, competition in the title insurance industry, real estate settlement service customer acquisition and retention practices and agency relationships. With respect to matters where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company has recorded a liability representing its best estimate of the financial exposure based on known facts. While the ultimate disposition of each such exam or investigation is not yet determinable, the Company does not believe that individually or in the aggregate they will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. These exams or investigations could, however, result in changes to the Company’s business practices which could ultimately have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
27
The Company’s Canadian operations provide certain services to lenders which it believes to be exempt from excise tax under applicable Canadian tax laws. However, in October 2014, the Canadian taxing authority provided internal guidance that the services in question should be subject to the excise tax. While discussions with the taxing authority are ongoing, the Company believes that the guidance may result in an assessment. The amount, if any, of such assessment is not currently known, and any such assessment would be subject to negotiation. In the event that the Company disagrees with the ultimate assessment, the Company intends to avail itself of avenues of appeal. While the Company believes it is reasonably likely that the Company would prevail on the merits, a loss associated with the matter is possible. In light of the foregoing, the Company is not currently able to reasonably estimate a loss or range of loss associated with the matter. While such a loss could be material to the Company’s operating results in any particular period if an unfavorable outcome results, the Company does not believe that this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s overall financial condition or liquidity.
The Company and its subsidiaries also are involved in numerous ongoing routine legal and regulatory proceedings related to their operations. With respect to each of these proceedings, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.
Note 14 – Segment Information
The Company consists of the following reportable segments and a corporate function:
The Company’s title insurance and services segment issues title insurance policies on residential and commercial property in the United States and offers similar or related products and services internationally. This segment also provides closing and/or escrow services; accommodates tax-deferred exchanges of real estate; provides products, services and solutions involving the use of real property related data designed to mitigate risk or otherwise facilitate real estate transactions; maintains, manages and provides access to title plant records and images; and provides banking, trust and investment advisory services. The Company, through its principal title insurance subsidiary and such subsidiary’s affiliates, transacts its title insurance business through a network of direct operations and agents. Through this network, the Company issues policies in the 49 states that permit the issuance of title insurance policies and the District of Columbia. The Company also offers title insurance and other insurance and guarantee products, as well as related settlement services in foreign countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and various other established and emerging markets.
The Company’s specialty insurance segment issues property and casualty insurance policies and sells home warranty products. The property and casualty insurance business provides insurance coverage to residential homeowners and renters for liability losses and typical hazards such as fire, theft, vandalism and other types of property damage. This business is licensed to issue policies in all 50 states and the District of Columbia and actively issues policies in 46 states. In certain markets it also offers preferred risk auto insurance to better compete with other carriers offering bundled home and auto insurance. The home warranty business provides residential service contracts that cover residential systems, such as heating and air conditioning systems, and appliances against failures that occur as the result of normal usage during the coverage period. This business currently operates in 39 states and the District of Columbia.
The corporate function consists primarily of certain financing facilities as well as the corporate services that support the Company’s business operations. Eliminations consist of inter-segment revenues and related expenses included in the results of the operating segments.
28
Selected financial information, by reporting segment, is as follows:
For the three months ended June 30, 2015:
Income (loss)beforeincome taxes
Depreciationandamortization
Capitalexpenditures
Title Insurance and Services
1,227,058
154,738
20,164
28,841
Specialty Insurance
97,653
10,590
1,177
1,123
Corporate
(893
(23,706
122
Eliminations
(29
29,964
For the three months ended June 30, 2014:
1,055,395
84,837
17,623
18,028
91,184
11,035
1,338
878
3,779
(19,414
819
(389
18,906
For the six months ended June 30, 2015:
2,246,830
224,238
39,690
60,159
192,189
27,764
2,382
1,877
(3,720
(51,432
245
(426
62,036
For the six months ended June 30, 2014:
1,980,724
127,473
35,537
38,007
178,325
24,933
2,577
2,056
4,498
(40,695
1,638
(779
40,063
29
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
CERTAIN STATEMENTS IN THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THOSE SET FORTH ON PAGE 3 OF THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ARE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS MAY CONTAIN THE WORDS “BELIEVE,” “ANTICIPATE,” “EXPECT,” “PLAN,” “PREDICT,” “ESTIMATE,” “PROJECT,” “WILL BE,” “WILL CONTINUE,” “WILL LIKELY RESULT,” OR OTHER SIMILAR WORDS AND PHRASES.
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES EXIST THAT MAY CAUSE RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE SET FORTH IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE THE ANTICIPATED RESULTS TO DIFFER FROM THOSE DESCRIBED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS INCLUDE THE FACTORS SET FORTH ON PAGES 3-4 OF THIS QUARTERLY REPORT. THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS SPEAK ONLY AS OF THE DATE THEY ARE MADE. THE COMPANY DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO UPDATE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS TO REFLECT CIRCUMSTANCES OR EVENTS THAT OCCUR AFTER THE DATE THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE MADE.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains the financial measure adjusted information and other revenues excluding the effects of recent acquisitions, which is not presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Company is presenting this non-GAAP financial measure because it provides the Company’s management and readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with additional insight into the operational performance of the Company relative to earlier periods. The Company does not intend for this non-GAAP financial measure to be a substitute for any GAAP financial information. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, this non-GAAP financial measure has been presented with, and reconciled to, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should use this non-GAAP financial measure only in conjunction with the comparable GAAP financial measure.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
There have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting estimates since the filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. A summary of the Company’s accounting policies that it considers to be the most dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions can be found in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
31
Results of Operations
Summary of Second Quarter
A substantial portion of the revenues for the Company’s title insurance and services segment results from the sale and refinancing of residential and commercial real estate. In the Company’s specialty insurance segment, revenues associated with the initial year of coverage in both the home warranty and property and casualty operations are impacted by volatility in residential purchase transactions. Traditionally, the greatest volume of real estate activity, particularly residential purchase activity, has occurred in the spring and summer months. However, changes in interest rates, as well as other changes in general economic conditions in the United States and abroad, can cause fluctuations in the traditional pattern of real estate activity.
The Company’s total revenues increased 15.1% in the second quarter of 2015 when compared with the second quarter of 2014. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in commercial business, refinance transactions and residential purchase transactions during 2015. Direct premiums and escrow fees in the title insurance and services segment from commercial business, refinance transactions and residential purchase transactions increased 28.8%, 54.9% and 13.1%, respectively, in the second quarter of 2015 when compared with the second quarter of 2014.
According to the Mortgage Bankers Association’s July 22, 2015 Mortgage Finance Forecast (the “MBA Forecast”), residential mortgage originations in the United States (based on the total dollar value of the transactions) increased 33.0% in the second quarter of 2015 when compared with the second quarter of 2014. According to the MBA Forecast, the dollar amount of purchase originations increased 25.7% and refinance originations increased 44.1%. The higher volume of domestic residential mortgage origination activity in the second quarter of 2015 contributed to a 6.5% increase in domestic residential purchase orders closed per day and a 44.5% increase in domestic refinance orders closed per day by the Company’s direct title operations in the second quarter of 2015 when compared with the second quarter of 2014.
During the second quarter of 2015, the level of domestic title orders opened per day by the Company’s direct title operations increased by 5.3% when compared with the second quarter of 2014. Refinance, residential purchase and commercial open orders per day increased by 13.1%, 6.1% and 3.2%, respectively, during the second quarter of 2015 when compared to the same quarter of 2014.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) has broad authority to regulate, among other areas, the mortgage and real estate markets in matters pertaining to consumers. In addition to other activities, the CFPB has proposed and implemented regulations related to the simplification of mortgage disclosures and the required delivery of documentation to consumers in connection with the closing of federally-regulated mortgage loans. Compliance with these integrated disclosure rules will require participants in the mortgage market, including the Company, to make significant changes to the manner in which they create, process, and deliver certain disclosures to consumers in connection with mortgage loan applications made on or after October 3, 2015, the anticipated effective date of the new rule. These changes could lead to lower mortgage volumes and/or delays in mortgage processing, particularly in the early stages of implementation. Readiness for, and compliance with, these rules, also requires extensive planning; changes to systems, forms and processes; as well as heightened coordination among market participants, including by settlement service providers, such as the Company and its agents, with lenders and others. While there can be no assurance that the Company, its agents or other market participants will be successful in their implementation efforts, the Company is actively preparing for compliance.
32
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
$ Change
% Change
534,111
443,365
90,746
20.5
962,462
792,728
169,734
21.4
69,893
16.5
75,296
8.9
169,681
165,222
4,459
2.7
315,564
302,400
13,164
25,996
19,332
6,664
34.5
47,770
35,035
12,735
36.3
4,168
(99
(2.3
1,605
6,428
(4,823
(75.0
171,663
266,106
13.4
370,459
327,218
43,241
13.2
701,830
627,498
74,332
11.8
56,557
16.7
62,352
9.2
205,314
197,050
8,264
4.2
394,056
367,132
26,924
7.3
66,735
77,089
(10,354
(13.4
122,286
123,305
(1,019
(0.8
2,541
14.4
4,153
11.7
14,194
12,666
1,528
12.1
26,225
23,602
2,623
11.1
626
641
(15
1,217
1,241
(24
(1.9
1,072,320
970,558
101,762
10.5
2,022,592
1,853,251
169,341
9.1
69,901
82.4
96,765
75.9
Margins
12.6
8.0
4.6
57.5
10.0
6.4
3.6
56.3
Direct premiums and escrow fees were $534.1 million and $962.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $90.7 million, or 20.5%, and $169.7 million, or 21.4%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily due to an increase in domestic title orders closed by the Company’s direct operations and, to a lesser extent, an increase in the domestic average revenues per order closed. The average revenues per order closed were $1,953 and $1,913 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of 6.7% and 7.4% when compared with $1,830 and $1,781 for the respective periods of the prior year. The increases in average revenues per order closed were primarily attributable to an increase in the average size of commercial deals closed and higher real estate values, partially offset by an increase in the mix of direct revenues generated from lower premium refinance transactions. The Company’s direct title operations closed 246,500 and 454,100 title orders during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of 15.1% and 15.2% when compared with 214,200 and 394,300 title orders closed during the respective periods of the prior year. The increases in title orders closed were generally consistent with residential mortgage origination activity in the United States as reported in the MBA Forecast.
Agent premiums were $493.1 million and $919.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $69.9 million, or 16.5%, and $75.3 million, or 8.9%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. Agent premiums are recorded when notice of issuance is received from the agent, which is generally when cash payment is received by the Company. As a result, there is generally a delay between the agent’s issuance of a title policy and the Company’s recognition of agent premiums. Therefore, current quarter agent premiums typically reflect prior quarter mortgage origination activity. The increase in agent premiums quarter over quarter was generally consistent with the 22.6% increase in the Company’s direct premiums and escrow fees in the first quarter of 2015 as compared with the first quarter of 2014.
Information and other revenues primarily consist of revenues generated from fees associated with title search and related reports, title and other real property records and images, other non-insured settlement services, and risk mitigation products and services. These revenues generally trend with direct premiums and escrow fees but are typically less volatile since a portion of the revenues are subscription based and do not fluctuate with transaction volumes.
Information and other revenues were $169.7 million and $315.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $4.5 million, or 2.7%, and $13.2 million, or 4.4%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. Excluding the $4.0 million and $15.5 million impact of new acquisitions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, information and other revenues increased $0.4 million, or 0.3%, for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and decreased $2.3 million, or 0.8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2015 when compared to the respective periods of the prior year. The changes in information and other revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015,
33
adjusted for the impact of acquisitions, reflected higher demand for certain of the Company’s non-insured services and products, which is directionally consistent with the increase in title insurance and services segment transaction volumes and revenue, offset by lower demand for the Company’s default information products as a result of the decrease in domestic loss mitigation activities when compared with the same periods of the prior year.
Net investment income totaled $26.0 million and $47.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $6.7 million, or 34.5%, and $12.7 million, or 36.3%, respectively, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to higher interest income from the investment portfolio due to higher average balances outstanding in the Company’s debt securities portfolio during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 when compared to the same periods of the prior year. In addition, the Company recognized higher equity in earnings related to investments accounted for using the equity method in the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 when compared to the same periods of the prior year.
Net realized investment gains totaled $4.2 million and $1.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, and included gains from the sales of office buildings of $8.1 million and $9.1 million, respectively, partially offset by impairment on internally developed software of $6.6 million. Net realized investment gains totaled $4.3 million and $6.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, and were primarily from the sales of debt and equity securities.
The title insurance and services segment (primarily direct operations) is labor intensive; accordingly, a major expense component is personnel costs. This expense component is affected by two primary factors: the need to monitor personnel changes to match the level of corresponding or anticipated new orders and the need to provide quality service.
Personnel costs were $370.5 million and $701.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $43.2 million, or 13.2%, and $74.3 million, or 11.8%, respectively, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to higher incentive compensation costs, which include commissions, bonuses and 401(k) savings plan matches, due to higher revenue and profitability when compared to the same periods of the prior year.
Agents retained $394.8 million and $737.3 million of title premiums generated by agency operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, which compares with $338.3 million and $674.9 million for the respective periods of the prior year. The percentage of title premiums retained by agents was 80.1% and 80.2% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to 79.9% and 80.0% for the respective periods of the prior year. The increases in the percentage of title premiums retained by agents were due to a change in the geographic mix of agency revenues towards higher agent-retention geographies.
Other operating expenses for the title insurance and services segment were $205.3 million and $394.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $8.3 million, or 4.2%, and $26.9 million, or 7.3%, respectively, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily due to higher production related expenses and higher temporary labor costs driven by higher order volumes.
The provision for policy losses and other claims, expressed as a percentage of title premiums and escrow fees, was 6.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to 8.9% and 7.5% in the respective periods of the prior year.
The second quarter of 2014 rate of 8.9% reflected an ultimate loss rate of 6.0% for the 2014 policy year and a $25.1 million net increase in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years. The increase in loss reserve estimates for prior policy years was primarily related to a large commercial claim from policy year 2007, net of anticipated recoveries.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $20.2 million and $39.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $2.5 million, or 14.4%, and $4.2 million, or 11.7%, respectively, when compared with the same periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to the depreciation and amortization expense associated with developed technology and other intangible assets recorded in connection with acquisitions made in 2014.
Premium taxes were $14.2 million and $26.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $1.5 million, or 12.1%, and $2.6 million, or 11.1%, respectively, compared to $12.7 million and $23.6 million
34
for the same periods of the prior year. Premium taxes as a percentage of title insurance premiums and escrow fees were 1.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 1.5% and 1.4% for the respective periods in 2014.
The profit margins for the title insurance business reflect the high cost of performing the essential services required before insuring title, whereas the corresponding revenues are subject to regulatory and competitive pricing restraints. Due to this relatively high proportion of fixed costs, title insurance profit margins generally improve as closed order volumes increase. Title insurance profit margins are affected by the composition (residential or commercial) and type (resale, refinancing or new construction) of real estate activity. Title insurance profit margins are also affected by the percentage of title insurance premiums generated by agency operations. Profit margins from direct operations are generally higher than from agency operations due primarily to the large portion of the premium that is retained by the agent. The pre-tax margins for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 were 12.6% and 10.0%, respectively, compared with 8.0% and 6.4% in the respective periods of the prior year.
Direct premiums
94,314
87,758
6,556
7.5
184,467
172,267
12,200
7.1
856
487
369
75.8
1,628
957
671
70.1
2,215
1,842
373
20.2
4,216
3,571
645
18.1
268
1,097
(829
(75.6
1,878
1,530
348
22.7
6,469
13,864
7.8
16,560
15,487
1,073
6.9
31,929
31,001
928
3.0
11,373
10,359
1,014
9.8
24,720
21,828
2,892
56,135
51,377
4,758
9.3
102,138
95,044
7,094
(161
(12.0
(195
(7.6
1,818
1,588
230
14.5
3,256
2,942
314
10.7
87,063
80,149
6,914
8.6
164,425
153,392
11,033
7.2
(445
(4.0
)%
2,831
11.4
10.8
(1.3
(10.7
14.0
0.4
2.9
Direct premiums were $94.3 million and $184.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $6.6 million, or 7.5%, and $12.2 million, or 7.1%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were driven by higher premiums earned in the home warranty business and, to a lesser extent, higher premiums earned in the property and casualty business. The increases in the home warranty business were primarily in its renewal and real estate channels and were driven by an increase in the price charged for home warranty residential service contracts and an increase in the number of contracts issued. The increases in the property and casualty business were primarily in its independent broker channel.
Net investment income totaled $2.2 million and $4.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $0.4 million, or 20.2%, and $0.6 million, or 18.1%, respectively, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to higher interest income from the investment portfolio.
Net realized investment gains totaled $0.3 million and $1.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, and $1.1 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, and were from the sales of debt and equity securities.
Personnel costs and other operating expenses were $27.9 million and $56.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $2.1 million, or 8.1%, and $3.8 million, or 7.2%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to higher corporate allocations for shared services support and higher agent commission expenses driven by increased volume and revenue. The three months ended June 30, 2015 was also impacted by higher salary expense on higher headcount due to increased volume.
35
The provision for home warranty claims, expressed as a percentage of home warranty premiums, was 59.6% and 53.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared with 58.3% and 53.3% for the respective periods of the prior year. The increase in the claims rate for the three months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily attributable to higher temperatures in June 2015 when compared to June 2014, which resulted in an increase in more costly air conditioning claims when compared to the same period in 2014. The provision for property and casualty claims, expressed as a percentage of property and casualty insurance premiums, was 59.3% and 59.2% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared with 59.1% and 58.8% for the respective periods of the prior year. The slight increase in the claims rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily attributable to an increase in the severity of claims, mostly offset by a decrease in the frequency of claims and lower costs associated with large claims and claim loss events when compared to the same periods of the prior year.
Premium taxes were $1.8 million and $3.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared with $1.6 million and $2.9 million for the respective periods of the prior year. Premium taxes as a percentage of specialty insurance segment premiums were 1.9% and 1.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, and 1.8% and 1.7% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively.
A large part of the revenues for the specialty insurance businesses are generated by renewals and are not dependent on the level of real estate activity in the year of renewal. With the exception of loss expense, the majority of the expenses for this segment are variable in nature and therefore generally fluctuate consistent with revenue fluctuations. Accordingly, profit margins for this segment (before loss expense) are relatively constant, although as a result of some fixed expenses, profit margins (before loss expense) should nominally improve as premium revenues increase. Pre-tax margins for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 were 10.8% and 14.4%, respectively, compared with 12.1% and 14.0% in the respective periods of the prior year.
Net investment (losses) income
(325
2,868
(3,193
(111.3
(3,152
3,587
(6,739
(187.9
Net realized investment (losses) gains
(568
911
(1,479
(162.3
(4,672
(123.6
(8,218
(182.7
9,597
11,428
(1,831
(16.0
20,857
22,152
(1,295
(5.8
6,430
6,718
(288
(4.3
12,905
13,541
(636
(4.7
(697
(85.1
(1,393
(85.0
4,228
2,436
57.6
13,705
7,862
5,843
74.3
22,813
23,193
(380
(1.6
47,712
45,193
2,519
5.6
Loss before income taxes
(4,292
(22.1
(10,737
(26.4
Net investment losses totaled $0.3 million and $3.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared with income of $2.9 million and $3.6 million for the respective periods of the prior year. The decreases in net investment income were primarily attributable to lower earnings on investments associated with the Company’s deferred compensation plan when compared to the same periods of 2014. The six months ended June 30, 2015 was also impacted by a one-time non-cash cost of $4.0 million, recorded during the first quarter of 2015, related to the investments associated with the Company’s deferred compensation plan.
Corporate personnel costs and other operating expenses were $16.0 million and $33.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared with $18.1 million and $35.7 million for the respective periods of the prior year. The decreases in personnel costs and other operating expenses were primarily attributable to decreased costs associated with the Company’s deferred compensation plan.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared with $0.8 million and $1.6 million for the respective periods of the prior year. The decreases were related to a noncompete asset that was fully amortized during 2014.
36
Interest expense was $6.7 million and $13.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared with $4.2 million and $7.9 million for the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to the Company’s issuance of $300.0 million of debt in November 2014.
Eliminations primarily represent interest income and related interest expense associated with intercompany notes between the Company’s segments, which are eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s inter-segment eliminations were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.
INCOME TAXES
The Company’s effective income tax rate (income tax expense as a percentage of income before income taxes) was 33.9% and 34.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared with 33.7% and 35.1% for the respective periods of the prior year. The differences in the effective tax rates were primarily due to changes in the ratio of permanent differences to income before income taxes, changes in state and foreign income taxes resulting from fluctuations in the Company’s noninsurance and foreign subsidiaries’ contribution to pretax profits and changes in the liability related to tax positions reported on the Company’s tax returns recorded in 2014.
The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and adjusts the allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the Company’s forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the deferred tax assets. Failure to achieve forecasted taxable income in the applicable taxing jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets and could result in an increase in the Company’s effective tax rate on future earnings.
NET INCOME AND NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY
Net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 was $93.6 million and $131.4 million, respectively, compared with $50.7 million and $72.5 million for the respective periods of the prior year. Net income attributable to the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 was $93.3 million, or $0.85 per diluted share, and $131.0 million, or $1.19 per diluted share, respectively, compared with $50.6 million, or $0.47 per diluted share, and $72.3 million, or $0.67 per diluted share, for the respective periods of the prior year.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Requirements. The Company generates cash primarily from the sale of its products and services and investment income. The Company’s current cash requirements include operating expenses, taxes, payments of principal and interest on its debt, capital expenditures, potential business acquisitions and dividends on its common stock. Management forecasts the cash needs of the holding company and its primary subsidiaries and regularly reviews their short-term and long-term projected sources and uses of funds, as well as the asset, liability, investment and cash flow assumptions underlying such forecasts. Due to the Company’s ability to generate cash flows from operations and its liquid-asset position, management believes that its resources are sufficient to satisfy its anticipated operational cash requirements and obligations for at least the next twelve months.
The substantial majority of the Company’s business is dependent upon activity in the real estate and mortgage markets, which are cyclical and seasonal. Periods of increasing interest rates and reduced mortgage financing availability generally have an adverse effect on residential real estate activity and therefore typically decrease the Company’s revenues. In contrast, periods of declining interest rates and increased mortgage financing availability generally have a positive effect on residential real estate activity which typically increases the Company’s revenues. Residential purchase activity is typically slower in the winter months with increased volumes in the spring and summer months. Residential refinance activity is typically more volatile than purchase activity and is highly impacted by changes in interest rates. Commercial real estate volumes are less sensitive to changes in interest rates, but fluctuate based on local supply and demand conditions for space and mortgage financing availability.
Cash provided by operating activities amounted to $166.9 million and $44.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, after claim payments, net of recoveries, of $251.5 million and $240.1 million, respectively. The principal nonoperating uses of cash and cash equivalents for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were purchases of debt and equity securities, business acquisitions, repayment of debt, capital expenditures and dividends to common stockholders. The most significant nonoperating sources of cash and cash equivalents for the six months ended June 30, 2015
37
were proceeds from the sales and maturities of debt and equity securities and increases in the deposit balances at the Company’s banking operations. The most significant nonoperating sources of cash and cash equivalents for the six months ended June 30, 2014 were proceeds from the issuance of debt, proceeds from the sales and maturities of debt and equity securities and increases in the deposit balances at the Company’s banking operations. The net effect of all activities on total cash and cash equivalents were increases of $79.6 million and $206.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The Company continually assesses its capital allocation strategy, including decisions relating to dividends, stock repurchases, capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments. In May 2015, the Company’s board of directors approved a second quarter cash dividend of 25 cents per common share. Management expects that the Company will continue to pay quarterly cash dividends at or above the current level. The timing, declaration and payment of future dividends, however, falls within the discretion of the Company’s board of directors and will depend upon many factors, including the Company’s financial condition and earnings, the capital requirements of the Company’s businesses, industry practice, restrictions imposed by applicable law and any other factors the board of directors deems relevant from time to time.
In March 2014, the Company’s board of directors approved an increase in the size of the Company’s stock repurchase plan from $150.0 million to $250.0 million, of which $182.9 million remained as of June 30, 2015. Purchases may be made from time to time by the Company in the open market at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2015 and as of June 30, 2015, had repurchased and retired 3.2 million shares of its common stock under the current authorization for a total purchase price of $67.1 million.
Holding Company. First American Financial Corporation is a holding company that conducts all of its operations through its subsidiaries. The holding company’s current cash requirements include payments of principal and interest on its debt, taxes, payments in connection with employee benefit plans, dividends on its common stock and other expenses. The holding company is dependent upon dividends and other payments from its operating subsidiaries to meet its cash requirements. The Company’s target is to maintain a cash balance at the holding company equal to at least twelve months of estimated cash requirements. At certain points in time, the actual cash balance at the holding company may vary from this target due to, among other potential factors, the timing and amount of cash payments made and dividend payments received. Pursuant to insurance and other regulations under which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries operate, the amount of dividends, loans and advances available to the holding company is limited, principally for the protection of policyholders. As of June 30, 2015, under such regulations, the maximum amount of dividends, loans and advances available to the holding company from its insurance subsidiaries for the remainder of 2015, without prior approval from applicable regulators, was $512.0 million. Such restrictions have not had, nor are they expected to have, an impact on the holding company’s ability to meet its cash obligations.
As of June 30, 2015, the holding company’s sources of liquidity included $238.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and $700.0 million available on the Company’s revolving credit facility. Management believes that liquidity at the holding company is sufficient to satisfy anticipated cash requirements and obligations for at least the next twelve months.
Financing. The Company maintains a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in its capacity as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. The credit agreement is comprised of a $700.0 million revolving credit facility. Unless terminated earlier, the revolving loan commitments under the credit agreement will terminate on May 14, 2019. The obligations of the Company under the credit agreement are neither secured nor guaranteed. Proceeds under the credit agreement may be used for general corporate purposes. At June 30, 2015, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the facility and was in compliance with the financial covenants under the credit agreement.
In addition to amounts available under its credit facility, certain subsidiaries of the Company are parties to master repurchase agreements which are used as part of the Company’s liquidity management activities and to support its risk management activities. In particular, securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements may be used as short-term funding sources. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company financed securities for funds received totaling $23.4 million under these agreements. As of June 30, 2015, no amounts remained outstanding under these agreements.
Notes and contracts payable as a percentage of total capitalization was 18.0% and 18.6% at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Investment Portfolio. The Company maintains a high quality, liquid investment portfolio that is primarily held at its insurance and banking subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2015, 93% of the Company’s investment portfolio consisted of fixed income securities, of which 66% were United States government-backed or rated AAA and 95% were rated or classified as
38
investment grade. Percentages are based on the amortized cost basis of the securities. Credit ratings are based on Standard & Poor’s Rating Services and Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. published ratings. If a security was rated differently by both rating agencies, the lower of the two ratings was selected.
The table below outlines the composition of the investment portfolio in an unrealized loss position, by credit rating, (percentages are based on the amortized cost basis of the investments) as of June 30, 2015:
A‑RatingsorHigher
BBB+to BBB-Ratings
Non‑InvestmentGrade/NotRated
0.0
94.5
2.1
3.4
83.7
13.0
3.3
33.0
36.7
30.3
54.6
45.4
86.7
6.1
In addition to its debt and equity securities portfolio, the Company maintains certain money-market and other short-term investments.
Off-balance sheet arrangements. The Company administers escrow deposits and trust assets as a service to its customers. Escrow deposits totaled $7.9 billion and $6.3 billion at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, of which $2.8 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, were held at the Company’s federal savings bank subsidiary, First American Trust, FSB. The escrow deposits held at First American Trust, FSB are temporarily invested in cash and cash equivalents and debt and equity securities, with offsetting liabilities included in deposits in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The remaining escrow deposits were held at third-party financial institutions.
The Company facilitates tax-deferred property exchanges for customers pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code and tax-deferred reverse exchanges pursuant to Revenue Procedure 2000-37. As a facilitator and intermediary, the Company holds the proceeds from sales transactions and takes temporary title to property identified by the customer to be acquired with such proceeds. Upon the completion of each such exchange, the identified property is transferred to the customer or, if the exchange does not take place, an amount equal to the sales proceeds or, in the case of a reverse exchange, title to the property held by the Company is transferred to the customer. Like-kind exchange funds held by the Company totaled $2.5 billion and $2.4 billion at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The like-kind exchange deposits are held at third-party financial institutions and, due to the structure utilized to facilitate these transactions, the proceeds and property are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. All such amounts are placed in deposit accounts insured, up to applicable limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company could be held contingently liable to the customer for the transfers of property, disbursements of proceeds and the returns on such proceeds.
At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company was contingently liable for guarantees of indebtedness owed by affiliates and third parties to banks and others totaling $8.2 million and $8.9 million, respectively. The guarantee arrangements relate to promissory notes and other contracts that contingently require the Company to make payments to the guaranteed party upon the failure of debtors to make scheduled payments according to the terms of the notes and contracts. The Company’s maximum potential obligation under these guarantees totaled $8.2 million and $8.9 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, and is limited in duration to the terms of the underlying indebtedness. The Company
39
has not incurred any costs as a result of these guarantees and has not recorded a liability on its condensed consolidated balance sheets related to these guarantees at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
The Company’s primary exposure to market risk relates to interest rate risk associated with certain financial instruments. Although the Company monitors its risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates, it does not currently use derivative financial instruments on any significant scale to hedge these risks.
There have been no material changes in the Company’s market risks since the filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of June 30, 2015, the end of the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, were effective, based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15(b) thereunder.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2015, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Legal Proceedings.
Furthermore, because most of these lawsuits are putative class actions, it is often impossible to estimate the possible loss or a range of loss amounts, even where the Company has determined that a loss is reasonably possible. Generally class actions involve a large number of people and the effort to determine which people satisfy the requirements to become plaintiffs—or class members—is often time consuming and burdensome. Moreover, these lawsuits raise complex factual issues which result in uncertainty as to their outcome and, ultimately, make it difficult for the Company to estimate the amount of damages which a plaintiff might successfully prove. In addition, many of the Company’s businesses are regulated by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies and are subject to numerous statutory guidelines. These regulations and statutory guidelines often are complex, inconsistent or ambiguous, which results in additional uncertainty as to the outcome
of a given lawsuit—including the amount of damages a plaintiff might be afforded—or makes it difficult to analogize experience in one case or jurisdiction to another case or jurisdiction.
41
Risk Factors.
You should carefully consider each of the following risk factors and the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company faces risks other than those listed here, including those that are unknown to the Company and others of which the Company may be aware but, at present, considers immaterial. Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting the Company’s operating results, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods.
1. Conditions in the real estate market generally impact the demand for a substantial portion of the Company’s products and services and the Company’s claims experience
Demand for a substantial portion of the Company’s products and services generally decreases as the number of real estate transactions in which its products and services are purchased decreases. The number of real estate transactions in which the Company’s products and services are purchased decreases in the following situations:
when mortgage interest rates are high or rising;
when the availability of credit, including commercial and residential mortgage funding, is limited; and
when real estate values are declining.
These circumstances, particularly declining real estate values and the increase in foreclosures that often results therefrom, also tend to adversely impact the Company’s title claims experience.
2. Unfavorable economic conditions may have a material adverse effect on the Company
Historically, uncertainty and negative trends in general economic conditions in the United States and abroad, including significant tightening of credit markets and a general decline in the value of real property, have created a difficult operating environment for the Company’s businesses and other companies in its industries. In addition, the Company holds investments in entities, such as title agencies and settlement service providers, as well as securities in its investment portfolio, which may be negatively impacted by these conditions. The Company also owns a federal savings bank into which it deposits some of its own funds and some funds held in trust for third parties. This bank invests those funds and any realized losses incurred will be reflected in the Company’s consolidated results. The likelihood of such losses, which generally would not occur if the Company were to deposit these funds in an unaffiliated entity, increases when economic conditions are unfavorable. Depending upon the ultimate severity and duration of any economic downturn, the resulting effects on the Company could be materially adverse, including a significant reduction in revenues, earnings and cash flows, challenges to the Company’s ability to satisfy covenants or otherwise meet its obligations under debt facilities, difficulties in obtaining access to capital, challenges to the Company’s ability to pay dividends at currently anticipated levels, deterioration in the value of its investments and increased credit risk from customers and others with obligations to the Company.
3. Unfavorable economic or other conditions could cause the Company to write off a portion of its goodwill and other intangible assets
The Company performs an impairment test of the carrying value of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets annually in the fourth quarter, or sooner if circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Finite-lived intangible assets are subject to impairment tests on a periodic basis. Factors that may be considered in connection with this review include, without limitation, underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, reductions in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization, increased cost of capital and negative macroeconomic, industry and company-specific trends. These and other factors could lead to a conclusion that goodwill or other intangible assets are no longer fully recoverable, in which case the Company would be required to write off the portion believed to be unrecoverable. Total goodwill and other intangible assets reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2015 are $1.0 billion. Any substantial goodwill and other intangible asset impairments that may be required could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.
4. Failures at financial institutions at which the Company deposits funds could adversely affect the Company
The Company deposits substantial funds in financial institutions. These funds include amounts owned by third parties, such as escrow deposits. Should one or more of the financial institutions at which deposits are maintained fail, there is no guarantee that the Company would recover the funds deposited, whether through Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage or otherwise. In the event of any such failure, the Company also could be held liable for the funds owned by third parties.
43
5. Changes in government regulation could prohibit or limit the Company’s operations, make it more burdensome to conduct such operations or result in decreased demand for the Company’s products and services
Many of the Company’s businesses, including its title insurance, property and casualty insurance, home warranty, banking, trust and investment businesses, are regulated by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies. These and other of the Company’s businesses also operate within statutory guidelines. The industry in which the Company operates and the markets into which it sells its products are also regulated and subject to statutory guidelines. Changes in the applicable regulatory environment, statutory guidelines or interpretations of existing regulations or statutes, enhanced governmental oversight or efforts by governmental agencies to cause customers to refrain from using the Company’s products or services could prohibit or limit its future operations or make it more burdensome to conduct such operations or result in decreased demand for the Company’s products and services. The impact of these changes would be more significant if they involve jurisdictions in which the Company generates a greater portion of its title premiums, such as the states of Arizona, California, Florida, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Texas. These changes may compel the Company to reduce its prices, may restrict its ability to implement price increases or acquire assets or businesses, may limit the manner in which the Company conducts its business or otherwise may have a negative impact on its ability to generate revenues, earnings and cash flows.
6. Scrutiny of the Company’s businesses and the industries in which it operates by governmental entities and others could adversely affect its operations and financial condition
The real estate settlement services industry, an industry in which the Company generates a substantial portion of its revenue and earnings, is subject to continuous scrutiny by regulators, legislators, the media and plaintiffs’ attorneys. Though often directed at the industry generally, these groups may also focus their attention directly on the Company’s businesses. In either case, this scrutiny may result in changes which could adversely affect the Company’s operations and, therefore, its financial condition and liquidity.
Governmental entities have routinely inquired into certain practices in the real estate settlement services industry to determine whether certain of the Company’s businesses or its competitors have violated applicable laws, which include, among others, the insurance codes of the various jurisdictions and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and similar state, federal and foreign laws. Departments of insurance in the various states, federal regulators and applicable regulators in international jurisdictions, either separately or together, also periodically conduct targeted inquiries into the practices of title insurance companies and other settlement services providers in their respective jurisdictions.
Further, from time to time plaintiffs’ lawyers may target the Company and other members of the Company’s industry with lawsuits claiming legal violations or other wrongful conduct. These lawsuits may involve large groups of plaintiffs and claims for substantial damages. Any of these types of inquiries or proceedings may result in a finding of a violation of the law or other wrongful conduct and may result in the payment of fines or damages or the imposition of restrictions on the Company’s conduct which could impact its operations and financial condition. Moreover, these laws and standards of conduct often are ambiguous and, thus, it may be difficult to ensure compliance. This ambiguity may force the Company to mitigate its risk by settling claims or by ending practices that generate revenues, earnings and cash flows.
We increasingly utilize social media to communicate with customers, vendors and other individuals interested in our Company. Information delivered via social media can be easily accessed and rapidly disseminated, and the use of social media by us and other parties could result in reputational harm, decreased customer loyalty or other issues that could diminish the value of the Company’s brand or result in significant liability.
7. The breadth of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s rulemaking and supervisory powers may increase our costs and require changes in our business
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) has broad authority to regulate, among other areas, the mortgage and real estate markets, including our domestic subsidiaries that operate in the settlement services businesses, in matters pertaining to consumers. This authority includes the enforcement of federal consumer financial laws, including the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. The manner in which the CFPB will utilize its rulemaking and supervisory powers is not fully known. In addition to other activities, the CFPB has proposed and implemented regulations related to the simplification of mortgage disclosures and the required delivery of documentation to consumers in connection with the closing of federally-regulated mortgage loans. Extensive efforts have been required to implement these and other CFPB regulations, and may be required to implement future regulations. Regulations issued by the CFPB, or the manner in which it interprets and enforces existing consumer protection laws, also could impact the way in which we conduct our business, require alteration to existing systems, products and services and otherwise increase our expenses or reduce our revenues. Accordingly, the impact of the CFPB on our business is uncertain.
8. The CFPB’s integrated disclosure rules necessitate significant changes to the Company’s business processes, could lead to market disruption and may otherwise adversely affect the Company
Compliance with the CFPB’s integrated disclosure rules will require participants in the mortgage market, including the Company, to make significant changes to the manner in which they create, process, and deliver certain disclosures to consumers in connection with mortgage loan applications made on or after October 3, 2015, the anticipated effective date of the new rule. Readiness for, and compliance with, these rules, requires extensive planning; changes to systems, forms and processes; as well as heightened coordination among market participants, including by settlement service providers, such as the Company and its agents, with lenders and others. While the Company is actively preparing for compliance, the success of the implementation effort is also dependent on the efforts of other market participants. There can be no assurance that the Company, its agents or other market participants will be successful in their implementation efforts, or that consumers or the CFPB will be satisfied with the manner in which the new rules have been implemented. These changes also could lead to lower mortgage volumes and/or delays in mortgage processing, particularly in the early stages of implementation. Accordingly, in addition to the significant time and expense associated with readiness and compliance with the new integrated disclosure rules, the rules may lead to market disruption, loss of business, unexpected expenses or other adverse effects.
9. Regulation of title insurance rates could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations
Title insurance rates are subject to extensive regulation, which varies from state to state. In many states the approval of the applicable state insurance regulator is required prior to implementing a rate change. This regulation could hinder the Company’s ability to promptly adapt to changing market dynamics through price adjustments, which could adversely affect its results of operations, particularly in a rapidly declining market.
10. Reform of government-sponsored enterprises could negatively impact the Company
Historically, a substantial proportion of home loans originated in the United States were sold to and, generally, resold in a securitized form by, the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). As a condition to the purchase of a home loan, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac generally required the purchase of title insurance for their benefit and, as applicable, the benefit of the holders of home loans they may have securitized. The federal government currently is considering various alternatives to reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The role, if any, that these enterprises or other enterprises fulfilling a similar function will play in the mortgage process following the adoption of any reforms is not currently known. The timing of the adoption and, thereafter, the implementation of the reforms is similarly unknown. Due to the significance of the role of these enterprises, the mortgage process itself may substantially change as a result of these reforms and related discussions. It is possible that these entities, as reformed, or the successors to these entities may require changes to the way title insurance is priced or delivered, changes to standard policy terms or other changes which may make the title insurance business less profitable. These reforms may also alter the home loan market, such as by causing higher mortgage interest rates due to decreased governmental support of mortgage-backed securities. These consequences could be materially adverse to the Company and its financial condition.
11. The Company may find it difficult to acquire necessary data
Certain data used and supplied by the Company are subject to regulation by various federal, state and local regulatory authorities. Compliance with existing federal, state and local laws and regulations with respect to such data has not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or liquidity to date. Nonetheless, federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States designed to protect the public from the misuse of personal information in the marketplace and adverse publicity or potential litigation concerning the commercial use of such information may affect the Company’s operations and could result in substantial regulatory compliance expense, litigation expense and a loss of revenue. The suppliers of data to the Company face similar burdens. As a result of these and other factors, the Company may find it financially burdensome to acquire necessary data.
12. Changes in the Company’s relationships with large mortgage lenders or government–sponsored enterprises could adversely affect the Company
The mortgage markets in the United States and Canada are concentrated. Due to the consolidated nature of the industry, the Company derives a significant percentage of its revenues from a relatively small base of lenders, and their borrowers, which enhances the negotiating power of these lenders with respect to the pricing and the terms on which they purchase the Company’s products and other matters. Similarly, government-sponsored enterprises, because of their significant role in the mortgage process, have significant influence over the Company and other service providers. These circumstances could adversely affect the Company’s revenues and profitability. Changes in the Company’s relationship with any of these lenders or government-sponsored enterprises, the loss of all or a portion of the business the Company derives from these parties or
45
any refusal of these parties to accept the Company’s products and services could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
13. A downgrade by ratings agencies, reductions in statutory capital and surplus maintained by the Company’s title insurance underwriters or a deterioration in other measures of financial strength may negatively affect the Company’s results of operations and competitive position
Certain of the Company’s customers use measurements of the financial strength of the Company’s title insurance underwriters, including, among others, ratings provided by ratings agencies and levels of statutory capital and surplus maintained by those underwriters, in determining the amount of a policy they will accept and the amount of reinsurance required. Each of the major ratings agencies currently rates the Company’s title insurance operations. The Company’s principal title insurance underwriter’s financial strength ratings are “A3” by Moody’s Investor Services, Inc., “A” by Fitch Ratings Ltd., “A-” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and “A-” by A.M. Best Company, Inc. These ratings provide the agencies’ perspectives on the financial strength, operating performance and cash generating ability of those operations. These agencies continually review these ratings and the ratings are subject to change. Statutory capital and surplus, or the amount by which statutory assets exceed statutory liabilities, is also a measure of financial strength. The Company’s principal title insurance underwriter maintained $978.7 million of total statutory capital and surplus as of December 31, 2014. Accordingly, if the ratings or statutory capital and surplus of these title insurance underwriters are reduced from their current levels, or if there is a deterioration in other measures of financial strength, the Company’s results of operations, competitive position and liquidity could be adversely affected.
14. The Company’s investment portfolio is subject to certain risks and could experience losses
The Company maintains a substantial investment portfolio, primarily consisting of fixed income securities (including mortgage-backed securities). The investment portfolio also includes money-market and other short-term investments, as well as preferred and common stock. Securities in the Company’s investment portfolio are subject to certain economic and financial market risks, such as credit risk, interest rate (including call, prepayment and extension) risk and/or liquidity risk. The risk of loss associated with the portfolio is increased during periods of instability in credit markets and economic conditions. If the carrying value of the investments exceeds the fair value, and the decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the Company will be required to write down the value of the investments, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, statutory surplus and financial condition.
15. The Company’s pension plan is currently underfunded and pension expenses and funding obligations could increase significantly as a result of decreases in interest rates or weak performance of financial markets and its effect on plan assets
The Company is responsible for the obligations of its defined benefit pension plan. The plan was closed to new entrants effective December 31, 2001 and amended to “freeze” all benefit accruals as of April 30, 2008. The Company’s future funding obligations for this plan depend upon, among other factors, the future performance of assets held in trust for the plan and interest rates. The pension plan was underfunded as of June 30, 2015 by $98.3 million and the Company may need to make significant contributions to the plan. In addition, pension expenses and funding requirements may also be greater than currently anticipated if the market values of the assets held by the pension plan decline or if the other assumptions regarding plan earnings, expenses and interest rates require adjustment. The Company’s obligations under this plan could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
16. Actual claims experience could materially vary from the expected claims experience reflected in the Company’s reserve for incurred but not reported claims
The Company maintains a reserve for incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims pertaining to its title, escrow and other insurance and guarantee products. The majority of this reserve pertains to title insurance policies, which are long-duration contracts with the majority of the claims reported within the first few years following the issuance of the policy. Generally, 70% to 80% of claim amounts become known in the first six years of the policy life, and the majority of IBNR reserves relate to the six most recent policy years. Changes in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for recent policy years are considered likely and could result in a material adjustment to the IBNR reserves. Based on historical experience, management believes a 50 basis point change to the loss rates for recent policy years, positive or negative, is reasonably likely given the long duration nature of a title insurance policy. For example, if the expected ultimate losses for each of the last six policy years increased or decreased by 50 basis points, the resulting impact on the Company’s IBNR reserve would be an increase or decrease, as the case may be, of $101.1 million. A material change in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for older policy years is also possible, particularly for policy years with loss ratios exceeding historical norms. The estimates made by management in determining the appropriate level of IBNR reserves could ultimately prove to be materially different from actual claims experience.
46
17. The issuance of the Company’s title insurance policies and related activities by title agents, which operate with substantial independence from the Company, could adversely affect the Company
The Company’s title insurance subsidiaries issue a significant portion of their policies through title agents that operate with a substantial degree of independence from the Company. While these title agents are subject to certain contractual limitations that are designed to limit the Company’s risk with respect to their activities, there is no guarantee that the agents will fulfill their contractual obligations to the Company. In addition, regulators are increasingly seeking to hold the Company responsible for the actions of these title agents and, under certain circumstances, the Company may be held liable directly to third parties for actions (including defalcations) or omissions of these agents. As a result, the Company’s use of title agents could result in increased claims on the Company’s policies issued through agents and an increase in other costs and expenses.
18. The Company’s risk mitigation efforts may prove inadequate
The Company assumes risks in the ordinary course of its business, including through the issuance of title insurance policies and the provision of other products and services. The Company mitigates these risks through a number of different means, including the implementation of underwriting policies and procedures and other mechanisms for assessing risk. However, underwriting of title insurance policies and other risk-assumption decisions frequently involve a substantial degree of individual judgment. The Company’s risk mitigation efforts or the reliability of any necessary judgment may prove inadequate, especially in situations where the Company or individuals involved in risk taking decisions are encouraged by customers or others, or because of competitive pressures, to assume risks or to expeditiously make risk determinations. This circumstance could have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
19. Systems damage, failures, interruptions and intrusions, wire transfer errors and unauthorized data disclosures may disrupt the Company’s business, harm the Company’s reputation, result in material claims for damages or otherwise adversely affect the Company
The Company uses computer systems to receive, process, store and transmit business information, including highly sensitive non-public personal information as well as data from suppliers and other information upon which its business relies. It also uses these systems to manage substantial cash, investment assets, bank deposits, trust assets and escrow account balances on behalf of the Company and its customers, among other activities. Many of the Company’s products, services and solutions involving the use of real property related data are fully reliant on its systems and are only available electronically. Accordingly, for a variety of reasons, the integrity of the Company’s computer systems and the protection of the information that resides on those systems are critically important to its successful operation. The Company’s core computer systems are primarily located in two data centers. The Company recently took over management of its primary data center and the secondary data center is maintained and managed by a third party.
The Company’s computer systems and systems used by its agents, suppliers and customers have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, computer viruses, cyber attacks, phishing attacks and other malicious attacks. These attacks have increased in frequency and sophistication in recent years, and could expose the Company to system-related damage, failures, interruptions, and other negative events. Further, certain other potential causes of system damage or other negative system-related events are wholly or partially beyond the Company’s control, such as natural disasters, vendor failures to satisfy service level requirements and power or telecommunications failures. These incidents, regardless of their underlying causes, could disrupt the Company’s business and could also result in the loss or unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring or destruction of confidential, proprietary and other information pertaining to the Company, its customers, employees, agents or suppliers.
Certain laws and contracts the Company has entered into require it to notify various parties, including consumers or customers, in the event of certain actual or potential data breaches or systems failures. These notifications can result, among other things, in the loss of customers, lawsuits, adverse publicity, diversion of management’s time and energy, the attention of regulatory authorities, fines and disruptions in sales. Further, the Company’s financial institution customers have obligations to safeguard their computer systems and sensitive information and it may be bound contractually and/or by regulation to comply with the same requirements. If the Company fails to comply with applicable regulations and contractual requirements, it could be exposed to lawsuits, governmental proceedings or the imposition of fines, among other consequences.
The Company also relies on its systems, employees and domestic and international banks to transfer funds. These transfers are susceptible to user input error, fraud, system interruptions, incorrect processing and similar errors that could result in lost funds.
Accordingly, any inability to prevent or adequately respond to the issues described above could disrupt the Company’s business, inhibit its ability to retain existing customers or attract new customers and/or result in financial losses, litigation, increased costs or other adverse consequences which could be material to the Company.
47
20. The Company may not be able to realize the benefits of its offshore strategy
The Company utilizes lower cost labor in foreign countries, such as India and the Philippines, among others. These countries are subject to relatively high degrees of political and social instability and may lack the infrastructure to withstand natural disasters. Such disruptions could decrease efficiency and increase the Company’s costs in these countries. Weakness of the United States dollar in relation to the currencies used in these foreign countries may also reduce the savings achievable through this strategy. Furthermore, the practice of utilizing labor based in foreign countries is subject to heightened scrutiny in the United States and, as a result, some of the Company’s customers may require it to use labor based in the United States. Laws or regulations that require the Company to use labor based in the United States or effectively increase the cost of the Company’s foreign labor also could be enacted. The Company may not be able to pass on these increased costs to its customers.
21. Acquisitions may have an adverse effect on our business
The Company has in the past acquired, and is expected to acquire in the future, other businesses. When businesses are acquired, the Company may not be able to integrate or manage these businesses in such a manner as to realize the anticipated synergies or otherwise produce returns that justify the investment. Acquired businesses may subject the Company to increased regulatory or compliance requirements. The Company may not be able to successfully retain employees of acquired businesses or integrate them, and could lose customers, suppliers or other partners as a result of the acquisitions. For these and other reasons, including changes in market conditions, the projections used to value the acquired businesses may prove inaccurate. In addition, the Company might incur unanticipated liabilities from acquisitions. These and other factors related to acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. The Company’s management also will continue to be required to dedicate substantial time and effort to the integration of its acquisitions. These efforts could divert management’s focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and operational matters.
22. As a holding company, the Company depends on distributions from its subsidiaries, and if distributions from its subsidiaries are materially impaired, the Company’s ability to declare and pay dividends may be adversely affected; in addition, insurance and other regulations limit the amount of dividends, loans and advances available from the Company’s insurance subsidiaries
The Company is a holding company whose primary assets are investments in its operating subsidiaries. The Company’s ability to pay dividends is dependent on the ability of its subsidiaries to pay dividends or repay funds. If the Company’s operating subsidiaries are not able to pay dividends or repay funds, the Company may not be able to fulfill parent company obligations and/or declare and pay dividends to its stockholders. Moreover, pursuant to insurance and other regulations under which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries operate, the amount of dividends, loans and advances available is limited. As of June 30, 2015, under such regulations, the maximum amount of dividends, loans and advances available in 2015 from these insurance subsidiaries, without prior approval from applicable regulators, was $512.0 million.
23. Certain provisions of the Company’s bylaws and certificate of incorporation may reduce the likelihood of any unsolicited acquisition proposal or potential change of control that the Company’s stockholders might consider favorable
The Company’s bylaws and certificate of incorporation contain provisions that could be considered “anti-takeover” provisions because they make it harder for a third-party to acquire the Company without the consent of the Company’s incumbent board of directors. Under these provisions:
election of the Company’s board of directors is staggered such that only one-third of the directors are elected by the stockholders each year and the directors serve three year terms prior to reelection;
stockholders may not remove directors without cause, change the size of the board of directors or, except as may be provided for in the terms of preferred stock the Company issues in the future, fill vacancies on the board of directors;
stockholders may act only at stockholder meetings and not by written consent;
stockholders must comply with advance notice provisions for nominating directors or presenting other proposals at stockholder meetings; and
the Company’s board of directors may without stockholder approval issue preferred shares and determine their rights and terms, including voting rights, or adopt a stockholder rights plan.
While the Company believes that they are appropriate, these provisions, which may only be amended by the affirmative vote of the holders of approximately 67% of the Company’s issued voting shares, could have the effect of
48
discouraging an unsolicited acquisition proposal or delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be considered favorably by the Company’s stockholders.
Exhibits.
See Exhibit Index. (Each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which any director or named executive officer of First American Financial Corporation, as defined by Item 402(a)(3) of Regulation S-K (17 C.F.R. §229.402(a)(3)), participates that is included among the exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index is identified on the Exhibit Index by an asterisk (*).)
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
(Registrant)
By
/s/ Dennis J. Gilmore
Dennis J. Gilmore
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Mark E. Seaton
Mark E. Seaton
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: July 23, 2015
50
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.
Description
Location
3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of First American Financial Corporation dated May 28, 2010.
Incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 1, 2010.
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of First American Financial Corporation, effective as of February 20, 2015.
Incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit 3.2 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
*10.1
First Amendment, effective July 1, 2015, to First American Financial Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, amended and restated effective as of January 1, 2012.
Attached.
31(a)
Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31(b)
Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32(a)
Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32(b)
Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.