SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20549 FORM 10-Q (MARK ONE) [ X ] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2001 or [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _______________ to _______________ Commission file number 0-23621 MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Massachusetts 04-2277512 (State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer of incorporation or organization) Identification No.) Six Shattuck Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code (978) 975-2350 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No . Number of shares outstanding of the issuer's common stock as of October 31, 2001: 37,881,027
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. FORM 10-Q INDEX <TABLE> <S> <C> PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Consolidated Balance Sheets - September 30, 2001 and December 31, 2000 Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) - Three and nine months ended September 30, 2001 and 2000 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Nine months ended September 30, 2001 and 2000 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK PART II OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ITEM 2. CHANGES IN SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K </TABLE>
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share data) <TABLE> <CAPTION> September 30, 2001 December 31, 2000 ------------------ ----------------- (Unaudited) (Note 1) <S> <C> <C> ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents .................................... $ 118,434 $ 123,082 Short-term investments ....................................... 12,678 17,904 Trade accounts receivable, net ............................... 42,691 95,076 Inventories .................................................. 70,548 69,165 Deferred tax asset ........................................... 7,933 9,976 Other current assets ......................................... 13,259 4,433 --------- --------- Total current assets ..................................... 265,543 319,636 Property, plant and equipment, net ........................... 71,363 64,133 Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net ................. 55,266 45,325 Long-term investments ........................................ 16,100 17,100 Other assets ................................................. 23,316 8,209 --------- --------- Total assets ............................................. $ 431,588 $ 454,403 ========= ========= LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Short-term borrowings ........................................ $ 14,745 $ 15,741 Current portion of long-term debt ............................ 1,392 2,783 Current portion of capital lease obligations ................. 528 610 Accounts payable ............................................. 10,822 23,653 Accrued compensation ......................................... 7,985 17,003 Other accrued expenses ....................................... 14,654 14,588 Income taxes payable ......................................... -- 7,937 --------- --------- Total current liabilities ................................ 50,126 82,315 Long-term debt ................................................... 11,906 11,439 Long-term portion of capital lease obligations ................... 269 947 Deferred tax liability ........................................... 3,745 1,663 Other liabilities ................................................ 1,498 517 Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' equity: Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding .................. -- -- Common Stock, no par value, 75,000,000 shares authorized; 37,808,673 and 36,645,665 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2001 and December 31, 2000, respectively ... 113 113 Additional paid-in capital ................................... 280,114 263,723 Retained earnings ............................................ 83,845 93,235 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ................ (28) 451 --------- --------- Total stockholders' equity ............................... 364,044 357,522 --------- --------- Total liabilities and stockholders' equity ............... $ 431,588 $ 454,403 ========= ========= </TABLE> The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) (in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited) <TABLE> <CAPTION> Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30 September 30 2001 2000 2001 2000 --------- --------- --------- --------- (Note 1) (Note 1) <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net sales ............................................. $ 53,201 $ 121,769 $ 236,745 $ 326,694 Cost of sales ......................................... 37,105 67,350 151,636 182,069 --------- --------- --------- --------- Gross profit .......................................... 16,096 54,419 85,109 144,625 Research and development .............................. 9,303 9,736 29,907 25,977 Selling, general and administrative ................... 17,474 18,274 54,107 50,331 Amortization of goodwill and acquired intangible assets 3,020 1,682 8,005 2,809 Goodwill impairment charge ............................ -- -- 3,720 -- Merger expenses ....................................... -- -- 7,708 -- Purchase of in-process research and development ....... -- 310 2,340 310 --------- --------- --------- --------- Income (loss) from operations ......................... (13,701) 24,417 (20,678) 65,198 Interest expense ...................................... 424 289 1,197 1,139 Interest income ....................................... 1,208 1,256 4,382 3,796 Other income (expense), net ........................... (1,246) 60 (1,246) (257) --------- --------- --------- --------- Income (loss) before income taxes ..................... (14,163) 25,444 (18,739) 67,598 Provision for income taxes (benefit) .................. (5,092) 9,489 (3,381) 25,235 --------- --------- --------- --------- Net income (loss) ..................................... $ (9,071) $ 15,955 $ (15,358) $ 42,363 ========= ========= ========= ========= Historical net income (loss) per share: Basic ............................................. $ (0.24) $ 0.47 $ (0.41) $ 1.25 ========= ========= ========= ========= Diluted ........................................... $ (0.24) $ 0.44 $ (0.41) $ 1.19 ========= ========= ========= ========= Historical weighted average common shares outstanding: Basic ............................................. 37,801 34,290 37,364 33,969 ========= ========= ========= ========= Diluted ........................................... 37,801 35,988 37,364 35,642 ========= ========= ========= ========= </TABLE> The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) (Unaudited) <TABLE> <CAPTION> Nine Months Ended September 30, 2001 2000 --------- --------- (Note 1) <S> <C> <C> Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss) ................................................ $ (15,358) $ 42,363 Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization ................................ 16,681 10,210 Goodwill impairment charge ................................... 3,720 -- Purchase of in-process research and development .............. 2,340 310 Loss (gain) on disposal of assets ............................ 1,246 471 Other ........................................................ 21 (392) Changes in operating assets and liabilities net of effects of businesses acquired: Trade accounts receivable ................................. 52,921 (32,637) Inventories ............................................... 3,261 (19,362) Other current assets ...................................... (9,359) (1,523) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ............ (18,673) 12,719 Accounts payable .......................................... (13,644) 7,591 --------- --------- Net cash provided by operating activities ........................ 23,156 19,750 --------- --------- Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of investments, net ................................ (3,063) (3,419) Purchases of property, plant and equipment ................... (12,564) (20,795) Increase in other assets ..................................... (3,754) (735) Proceeds from disposal of assets ............................. 4,514 15 Purchases of companies, net of cash acquired ................. (7,842) (23,784) --------- --------- Net cash used in investing activities ............................ (22,709) (48,718) --------- --------- Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from short-term borrowings .......................... 23,262 17,151 Payments on short-term borrowings ............................ (27,346) (1,611) Proceeds from long-term debt ................................. 833 -- Principal payments on long-term debt ......................... (2,073) (4,777) Proceeds from exercise of stock options ...................... 3,595 5,309 Cash distributions to stockholders ........................... -- (1,417) Principal payments under capital lease obligations ........... (599) (839) --------- --------- Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities .............. (2,328) 13,816 --------- --------- Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents ..... 375 (579) --------- --------- Decrease in cash and cash equivalents ............................ (1,506) (15,731) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period ................. 123,082 67,489 Effect of excluded results of ASTeX (Note 1) ..................... (3,142) -- --------- --------- Cash and cash equivalents at end of period ....................... $ 118,434 $ 51,758 ========= ========= Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid during the period for: Interest .................................................. $ 855 $ 1,044 ========= ========= Income taxes .............................................. $ 13,004 $ 17,076 ========= ========= Noncash transactions during the period: Stock and options issued for acquisitions ................. $ 12,110 $ 8,433 ========= ========= Note receivable from disposal of assets ................... $ 3,900 $ -- ========= ========= </TABLE> The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tables in thousands, except per share data) 1) Basis of Presentation The interim financial data as of September 30, 2001 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2001 and 2000 is unaudited; however, in the opinion of MKS Instruments, Inc., the interim data includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. The terms "MKS" and the "Company" refer to MKS Instruments, Inc. and subsidiaries, including Applied Science and Technology, Inc. ("ASTeX"). The unaudited financial statements presented herein have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all the information and note disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2000 audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the MKS Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 2, 2001 and the MKS Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 20, 2001. On January 26, 2001, MKS completed its acquisition of ASTeX in a transaction accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting. Under the terms of the agreement, each outstanding share of ASTeX common stock was exchanged for 0.7669 newly issued shares of common stock of MKS Instruments, Inc., resulting in the issuance of approximately 11.2 million shares of common stock of MKS Instruments, Inc., representing approximately 30% of its then outstanding shares. There were no material adjustments required to conform the accounting policies of the two companies. The unaudited financial statements for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2000 combine the historical financial statements of MKS Instruments, Inc. for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2000 with the historical financial statements of ASTeX for the three months and nine months ended March 25, 2000. The following table presents details of the results of operations for the separate companies. <TABLE> <CAPTION> MKS Instruments, Inc. ASTeX Three months ended Three months ended September 30, 2000 March 25, 2000 Combined ------------------ -------------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> Net sales ........... $ 87,636 $ 34,133 $121,769 Net income .......... $ 12,436 $ 3,519 $ 15,955 </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> MKS Instruments, Inc. ASTeX Nine months ended Nine months ended September 30, 2000 March 25, 2000 Combined ------------------ -------------- -------- <S> <C> <C> <C> Net sales ........... $230,893 $ 95,801 $326,694 Net income .......... $ 33,053 $ 9,310 $ 42,363 </TABLE> The December 31, 2000 Balance Sheet combines the balance sheet of MKS Instruments, Inc. as of December 31, 2000 with the balance sheet of ASTeX as of July 1, 2000. As a result of conforming dissimilar fiscal year-ends, the ASTeX results of operations for the six-month period ended December 31, 2000 are excluded from the consolidated financial statements of MKS for the year ended December 31, 2000. The following is information related to the ASTeX financial results for the six-month period ended December 31, 2000: <TABLE> <S> <C> Net sales................................................................................ $89,193 Net income............................................................................... 5,968 Net cash used by operating activities.................................................... (3,500) Net cash provided by investing activities................................................ 245 Net cash provided by financing activities................................................ 43 </TABLE>
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (Tables in thousands, except per share data) Included in stockholders' equity at September 30, 2001 is a $5,968,000 adjustment resulting from conforming the two companies' dissimilar year ends, which represents the ASTeX results of operations for the six-month period ended December 31, 2000. 2) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 3) Recent Accounting Pronouncements In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 ("SFAS 141"), "Business Combinations." SFAS 141 requires the purchase method of accounting for business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 and eliminates the pooling of interests method. In July 2001, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142 ("SFAS 142"), "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets", which is effective for MKS on January 1, 2002. SFAS 142 requires, among other things, the discontinuance of goodwill amortization and includes provisions for the reclassification of certain existing recognized intangibles as goodwill, reassessment of the useful lives of existing recognized intangibles, and reclassification of certain intangibles out of previously reported goodwill. SFAS 142 also requires the Company to complete a transitional goodwill impairment test six months from the date of adoption. As a result of implementing SFAS 142, the Company expects to stop amortizing goodwill effective January 1, 2002 but will continue to amortize other intangible assets. The Company is currently reviewing the potential additional impact of SFAS 142 on its financial position and results of operations. In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143 ("SFAS 143"), "Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations." SFAS 143 addresses financial accounting and reporting for obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs. SFAS 143 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002. Management is currently determining what effect, if any, SFAS 143 will have on its financial position and results of operations. In October 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, ("SFAS 144"), "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets." SFAS 144 supersedes FASB Statement No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long Lived Assets to Be Disposed of." SFAS 144 applies to all long-lived assets (including discontinued operations) and consequently amends Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30, "Reporting Results of Operations - Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business." SFAS 144 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001, and will thus be adopted by the Company, as required, on January 1, 2002. Management is currently determining what effect, if any, SFAS 144 will have on its financial position and results of operations. 4) Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments Cash equivalents consist of the following: <TABLE> <CAPTION> September 30, December 31, 2001 2000 ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> Cash and Money Market Instruments .................. $ 86,003 $ 36,687 Commercial Paper ................................... 14,931 74,895 Federal Government and Government Agency Obligations 3,000 1,000 State and Municipal Government Obligations ......... 8,500 2,000 Corporate Obligations .............................. 6,000 8,500 -------- -------- $118,434 $123,082 ======== ======== </TABLE>
Short-term available-for-sale investments maturing within one year consist of the following: <TABLE> <CAPTION> September 30, December 31, 2001 2000 ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> Federal Government and Government Agency Obligations $ 2,000 $10,101 State and Municipal Government Obligations ......... 10,665 -- Corporate Obligations .............................. -- 1,000 Commercial Paper ................................... 13 6,803 ------- ------- $12,678 $17,904 ======= ======= </TABLE> Long-term available-for-sale investments maturing within two years consist of the following: <TABLE> <CAPTION> September 30, December 31, 2001 2000 ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> Federal Government and Government Agency Obligations $ 2,000 $ 4,000 State and Municipal Government Obligations ......... 14,100 13,100 ------- ------- $16,100 $17,100 ======= ======= </TABLE> 5) Net Income (Loss) Per Share The following is a reconciliation of basic to diluted net income (loss) per share: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Three Months Ended September 30, 2001 2000 ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> Net income (loss) .................................. $ (9,071) $ 15,955 Shares used in net income per common share - basic . 37,801 34,290 Effect of dilutive securities: Employee and director stock options .............. -- 1,698 -------- -------- Shares used in net income per common share - diluted 37,801 35,988 ======== ======== Net income (loss) per common share - basic ......... $ (0.24) $ 0.47 ======== ======== Net income (loss) per common share - diluted ....... $ (0.24) $ 0.44 ======== ======== </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> Nine Months Ended September 30, 2001 2000 ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> Net income (loss) .................................. $(15,358) $ 42,363 Shares used in net income per common share - basic . 37,364 33,969 Effect of dilutive securities: Employee and director stock options .............. -- 1,673 -------- -------- Shares used in net income per common share - diluted 37,364 35,642 ======== ======== Net income (loss) per common share - basic ......... $ (0.41) $ 1.25 ======== ======== Net income (loss) per common share - diluted ....... $ (0.41) $ 1.19 ======== ======== </TABLE> For purposes of computing diluted earnings per share, weighted average common share equivalents do not include stock options with an exercise price greater than the average market price of the common shares during the period. Options to purchase 464,117 and 173,571 shares of common stock which were outstanding during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2000, respectively, were not included in the calculation of diluted net income per common share because the option price was greater than the average market price of the common shares during the period. All options outstanding during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2001 are excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. There were options to purchase approximately 5,069,335 shares of the Company's common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2001.
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (Tables in thousands, except per share data) 6) Inventories Inventories consist of the following: <TABLE> <CAPTION> September 30, December 31, 2001 2000 ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> Raw material ........................................... $ 26,399 $ 23,765 Work in process ........................................ 18,638 20,856 Finished goods ......................................... 25,511 24,544 ------- ------- $ 70,548 $ 69,165 ======== ======== </TABLE> 7) Stockholders' Equity Total comprehensive income (loss) was as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> Three Months Ended September 30, 2001 2000 ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> Net income (loss) ...................................... $ (9,071) $ 15,955 Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes: Changes in value of financial instruments designated as hedges of currency and interest rate exposures (799) 95 Foreign currency translation adjustment ............ 987 (405) Unrealized loss on investments ..................... (1) (384) -------- -------- Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes ........ 187 (694) -------- -------- Total comprehensive income (loss) ...................... $ (8,884) $ 15,261 ======== ======== </TABLE> <TABLE> <CAPTION> Nine Months Ended September 30, 2001 2000 ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> Net income (loss) ...................................... $(15,358) $ 42,363 Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes: Changes in value of financial instruments designated as hedges of currency and interest rate exposures (186) 408 Foreign currency translation adjustment ............ 22 (779) Unrealized loss on investments ..................... (315) (594) -------- -------- Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes ................. (479) (965) -------- -------- Total comprehensive income (loss) ...................... $(15,837) $ 41,398 ======== ======== </TABLE> 8) Segment Information and Significant Customer Segment information for the three months ended September 30, 2001 and 2000 was as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> North America Far East Europe Total ------------- -------- ------ ----- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net sales to unaffiliated customers 2001 $ 33,537 $11,082 $ 8,582 $ 53,201 2000 93,340 17,719 10,710 121,769 Intersegment net sales 2001 10,858 169 326 11,353 2000 18,759 805 391 19,955 Income (loss) from operations 2001 (15,011) 865 445 (13,701) 2000 20,036 1,691 2,690 24,417 </TABLE>
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (Tables in thousands, except per share data) Segment information for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 and 2000 was as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> North America Far East Europe Total ------------- -------- ------ ----- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net sales to unaffiliated customers 2001 $163,733 $40,885 $32,127 $236,745 2000 250,772 47,839 28,083 326,694 Intersegment net sales 2001 39,265 857 1,041 41,163 2000 48,295 1,454 1,010 50,759 Income (loss) from operations 2001 (29,793) 4,212 4,903 (20,678) 2000 55,929 4,061 5,208 65,198 </TABLE> The Company had one customer comprising 14% and 31% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2001 and 2000, respectively, and 19% and 31% for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 and 2000, respectively. 9) Acquisitions and Disposal of Assets On April 27, 2001 (the date of purchase), MKS completed its acquisition of On-Line Technologies, Inc. ("On-Line"), a supplier of measurement and control products used for gas analysis, wafer metrology and process control. The acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The purchase price was approximately $23,829,000 and consisted of approximately 660,000 shares of MKS common stock valued at approximately $12,110,000, cash payments of $6,295,000, assumption of On-Line debt of approximately $4,728,000 and transaction expenses of approximately $696,000. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired based upon their estimated fair values and resulted in an allocation of approximately $16,050,000 to goodwill. The results of operations are included in the Company's consolidated statement of income (loss) as of and since the date of the purchase. The allocation of the purchase price was as follows: <TABLE> <S> <C> Fair value of tangible assets and liabilities assumed ................................... $ (971) In-process research and development ..................................................... 2,340 Current technology ...................................................................... 4,710 Other intangibles ....................................................................... 1,700 Goodwill ................................................................................ 16,050 -------- $ 23,829 ======== </TABLE> The amounts allocated to current technology, other intangibles, and goodwill are being amortized using the straight-line method over their respective estimated useful lives, which range from 5 to 7 years. In connection with the acquisition of On-Line, the Company obtained an appraisal from an independent appraiser of the fair value of its intangible assets. This appraisal valued purchased in-process research and development ("IPR&D") of various projects for the development of new products and technologies at approximately $2,340,000. Because the technological feasibility of products under development had not been established and no future alternative uses existed, the purchased IPR&D was written off during the quarter ended June 30, 2001. The value of the purchased IPR&D was determined using the income approach, which discounts expected future cash flows from projects under development to their net present value. Each project was analyzed to determine the technological innovations included; the utilization of core technology; the complexity, cost and time to complete development; any alternative future use or current technological feasibility; and the stage of completion. The cash flows derived from the in-process technology projects were discounted at a rate of 25%. The Company believes
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (Tables in thousands, except per share data) this rate was appropriate given the risks associated with the technologies for which commercial feasibility had not been established. The percentage of completion for each in-process project was determined by identifying the elapsed time invested in the project as a ratio of the total time required to bring the project to technical and commercial feasibility. The percentage of completion for in-process projects acquired ranged from 55% to 65%, based on management's estimates of tasks completed and the tasks to be completed to bring the projects to technological and commercial feasibility. As of September 30, 2001, the actual development timelines and costs were in line with management's estimates. Development of in-process technology remains a substantial risk to the Company due to a variety of factors including the remaining effort to achieve technological feasibility, rapidly changing customer requirements and competitive threats from other companies and technologies. The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of the historical results of operations of the Company as if the On-Line acquisition had occurred at the beginning of each period. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, September 30, 2001 2000 2001 2000 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net sales .................. $ 53,201 $ 123,080 $ 237,965 $ 332,036 Net income (loss) .......... $ (9,071) $ 15,898 $ (14,969) $ 41,706 Net income (loss) per share: Basic ................... $ (0.24) $ 0.45 $ (0.39) $ 1.20 Diluted ................. $ (0.24) $ 0.43 $ (0.39) $ 1.15 </TABLE> The unaudited pro forma results for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 excludes approximately $6.4 million of non-recurring charges directly related to the transaction that were incurred by On-Line prior to the date of the acquisition. Additionally, the charge for purchased IPR&D was not included in the unaudited pro forma results, because it was non-recurring and directly related to the transaction. These unaudited pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the period, or which may result in the future. In August 2001, the Company sold its Nimbus System product group and granted a non-exclusive license of the technology of its PlasmaQuest System product group, for approximately $9.0 million, consisting primarily of approximately $4.7 million in cash and $3.9 million in a note receivable. The note receivable matures August 7, 2004, bears an annual interest rate of 9.0% and is included in other assets. The loss on the transaction was $1,246,000 before taxes, $998,000 net of the related tax benefit, and is included in other income (expense). 10) Goodwill Impairment Charge In August 1999, ASTeX purchased Shamrock product group for approximately $6.4 million in cash. The costs of the acquisition were allocated on the basis of the estimated fair market value of the assets acquired at that time, and resulted in an allocation of $4,463,000 to goodwill. When the Company acquired the Shamrock product line, it was expected that sales of the existing system design and development of new system designs would generate future revenues. Since the acquisition, the Company has provided potential customers with purchase quotations for Shamrock systems, including a significant quotation to a potential customer in January 2001 for the sale of several systems. The customer did not purchase the systems, and the quotation expired in March 2001. The Company has been unsuccessful in selling any systems of the product line since the acquisition and, with the expiration of the significant quote in March 2001, believes that future Shamrock system sales will not be sufficient to recover the carrying value of the goodwill.
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) (Tables in thousands, except per share data) Additionally, the Company has no current plans for future development of new system designs. Consequently, the Company believed that the carrying amount of the Shamrock related goodwill was impaired. To measure the impairment, the Company performed a cash flow analysis for the product group and determined that the estimated future cash flows of the group would be insignificant. As a result, the Company wrote-off the carrying value of the related goodwill of approximately $3,720,000 in the quarter ended March 31, 2001. 11) Merger Costs On January 26, 2001 MKS completed its acquisition of ASTeX in a transaction accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting. Under the pooling of interests method of accounting, fees and expenses related to the merger are expensed in the period of the merger. During the three months ended March 31, 2001, MKS expensed approximately $7.7 million of merger related expenses, consisting of $6.9 million of investment banking, legal, accounting, printing and other professional fees, and $0.8 million of regulatory and other costs. 12) Subsequent Event On October 30, 2001 the Company entered into a definitive merger agreement to acquire the ENI division ("ENI") of Emerson Electric Co. based in Rochester, New York. ENI designs, develops and manufactures solid-state radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) plasma power supplies, matching networks and instrumentation for the semiconductor and thin-film processing industries. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will issue 12 million shares of common stock to Emerson Electric Co. in exchange for the businesses and assets of ENI. The merger is subject to the approval of MKS stockholders, regulatory approval and other customary closing conditions.
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ITEM 2. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains a number of statements, including, without limitation, statements relating to MKS' beliefs, expectations and plans which are forward-looking statements, as are statements that certain actions, conditions or circumstances will continue. Such statements are based upon management's current expectations and are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties. Information contained in these forward-looking statements is inherently uncertain and actual performance and results may differ materially due to many important factors. See "Factors That May Affect Future Results" for some, but not all, factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements made by MKS. The terms "MKS", the "Company", "we", "us" and "our" refer to MKS Instruments, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Applied Science and Technology, Inc. On January 26, 2001 MKS completed its acquisition of ASTeX in a transaction accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting. Because the fiscal years for MKS and ASTeX differ, the periods combined for the purposes of the consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2000 were as follows: <TABLE> <CAPTION> MKS ASTeX --- ----- <S> <C> Three and nine months ended September 30, 2000 Three and nine months ended March 25, 2000 </TABLE> On April 27, 2001 (the effective date of purchase) MKS completed its acquisition of On-Line Technologies, Inc., a supplier of measurement and control products used for gas analysis, wafer metrology and process control. The acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The purchase price was approximately $23,829,000 and consisted of approximately 660,000 shares of MKS common stock valued at approximately $12,110,000, cash payments of $6,295,000, assumption of On-Line debt of approximately $4,728,000 and transaction expenses of approximately $696,000. Accordingly, the estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were included in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of the effective date of the purchase. The results of operations are included in the Company's consolidated statement of income (loss) as of and since the effective date of the purchase. MKS develops, manufactures and supplies gas measurement, control and analysis products, reactive gas generator and power delivery products used in semiconductor manufacturing and other advanced thin-film manufacturing processes. We estimate that during 2000 approximately 76% of our net sales were to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the percentage of total net sales of certain line items included in MKS consolidated statement of income data. <TABLE> <CAPTION> Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, September 30, 2001 2000 2001 2000 ---- ---- ---- ---- <S> <C> <C> <C> <C> Net sales ............................................. 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Cost of sales ......................................... 69.7 55.3 64.1 55.7 ------ ------ ------ ------ Gross profit .......................................... 30.3 44.7 35.9 44.3 Research and development .............................. 17.5 8.0 12.6 8.0 Selling, general and administrative ................... 32.8 15.0 22.9 15.4 Amortization of goodwill and acquired intangible assets 5.7 1.4 3.4 0.9 Goodwill impairment charge ............................ -- -- 1.6 -- Merger expenses ....................................... -- -- 3.2 -- In-process research and development ................... -- 0.3 1.0 0.1 ------ ------ ------ ------ Income (loss) from operations ......................... (25.7) 20.0 (8.8) 19.9 Interest income, net .................................. 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.8 Other expense, net .................................... 2.3 -- 0.5 0.1 ------ ------ ------ ------ Income (loss) before income taxes ..................... (26.6) 20.8 (7.9) 20.6 Provision (benefit) for income taxes .................. (9.6) 7.8 (1.4) 7.7 ------ ------ ------ ------ Net income (loss) ..................................... (17.0)% 13.0% (6.5)% 12.9% ====== ====== ====== ====== </TABLE>
Results of Operations Net Sales. Net sales decreased 56.3% to $53.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2001 from $121.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2000. International net sales were approximately $19.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2001 or 37.0% of net sales and $28.4 million for the same period of 2000 or 23.3% of net sales. Net sales decreased 27.5% to $236.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 from $326.7 million for the same period of 2000. International net sales were approximately $73.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 or 30.8% of net sales and $75.9 million for the same period of 2000 or 23.2% of net sales. The decrease in net sales is due to a worldwide slowdown in demand for semiconductors during 2001 which resulted in a decline in demand for the Company's products from the Company's semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturer customers. Gross Profit. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased to 30.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2001 from 44.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2000. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased to 35.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 from 44.3% for the same period of 2000. The decrease was primarily due to lower absorption of manufacturing overhead costs. Additionally, gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 was negatively effected by a $2.6 million write-off of obsolete and excess inventory in the second quarter of 2001. This write-off was significantly higher than normal and was primarily caused by a significant reduction in demand, including reduced demand for older technology products. Research and Development. Research and development expense decreased 4.4% to $9.3 million or 17.5% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2001 from $9.7 million or 8.0% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2000. The decrease was primarily due to decreased purchased services. Research and development expense increased 15.0% to $29.9 million or 12.6% of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 from $26.0 million or 8.0% of net sales for the same period of 2000. The increase was primarily due to increased compensation expense. Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 4.4% to $17.5 million or 32.8% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2001 from $18.3 million or 15.0% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2000. The decrease was due primarily to decreased purchased services and compensation expense. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 7.5% to $54.1 million or 22.9% of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 from $50.3 million or 15.4% of net sales for the same period of 2000. The increase was due primarily to increased professional fees of $2.4 million, compensation expense of $0.3 million related to the earnout from the Spectra acquisition, and other selling, general, and administrative expenses. Amortization of Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets. Amortization of goodwill and acquired intangible assets of $3.0 million and $8.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2001, respectively, represents the amortization of goodwill and other intangibles resulting from the acquisitions completed by MKS. Goodwill Impairment Charge. In August 1999, ASTeX purchased the Shamrock product group for approximately $6.4 million in cash. The costs of the acquisition were allocated on the basis of the estimated fair market value of the assets acquired at that time, and resulted in an allocation of $4,463,000 to goodwill. When the Company acquired the Shamrock product line, it was expected that sales of the existing system design and development of new system designs would generate future revenues. Since the acquisition, the Company has provided potential customers with purchase quotations for Shamrock systems, including a significant quotation to a potential customer in January 2001 for the sale of several systems. The customer did not purchase the systems, and the quotation expired in March 2001. The Company has been unsuccessful in selling any systems of the product line since the acquisition and, with the expiration of the significant quote in March 2001, believes that future Shamrock system sales will not be sufficient to recover the carrying value of the goodwill. Additionally, the Company has no current plans for future development of new system designs. Consequently, the Company believed that the carrying amount of the Shamrock related goodwill was impaired. To measure the impairment, the Company performed a cash flow analysis for the product group and determined that the estimated future cash flows of the group would be insignificant. As a result, the Company wrote-off the carrying value of the related goodwill of approximately $3,720,000 in the quarter ended March 31, 2001.
Merger Costs. On January 26, 2001 MKS completed its acquisition of ASTeX in a transaction accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting. Under the pooling of interests method of accounting, fees and expenses related to the merger are expensed in the period of the merger. During the nine months ended September 30, 2001, MKS expensed approximately $7.7 million of merger related expenses, consisting of $6.9 million of investment banking, legal, accounting, printing and other professional fees, $0.8 million of regulatory and other costs. Purchase of In-process Technology. In April 2001, the Company acquired On-Line in a transaction accounted for as a purchase. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired, including intangible assets, based on their estimated fair values. The intangible assets include approximately $2.3 million for acquired in-process technology for projects that did not have future alternative uses. The value of the purchased in-process technology was determined using the income approach, which discounts expected future cash flows from projects under development to their net present value. Each project was analyzed to determine the technological innovations included; the utilization of core technology; the complexity, cost and time to complete development; any alternative future use or current technological feasibility; and the stage of completion. At the date of the acquisition, the development of these projects had not yet reached technological feasibility, and the technology in progress had no alternative future uses. Accordingly, these costs were expensed in the second quarter of 2001. Interest Income (Expense), Net. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2001, the Company generated net interest income of $0.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively, primarily from the invested net proceeds of its common stock offerings, offset by interest expense on outstanding debt. Other Income (Expense), Net. In August 2001, the Company sold its Nimbus System product group and granted a non-exclusive license of the technology of its PlasmaQuest System product group, for approximately $9,000,000. The loss on the transaction was $1,246,000. Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2001 were 35.9% and 18.0%, respectively, resulting in an income tax benefit of $5.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively. The changes in effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2001 as compared to the effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2000 were primarily due to non-deductible charges associated with acquisitions made in 2001. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES The Company has financed its operations and capital requirements through a combination of cash provided by operations, long-term real estate financing, capital lease financing and short-term lines of credit. On April 5, 1999, MKS completed the initial public offering of its Common Stock. In connection with this offering and the exercise of an over-allotment option by the underwriters, MKS sold 6,375,000 shares of Common Stock at a price of $14.00 per share. The net proceeds to MKS were approximately $82,000,000 and were received in the second quarter of 1999. Underwriting discounts and commissions were approximately $6,200,000, and other offering costs were approximately $1,000,000. On April 5, 1999, MKS distributed $40,000,000, which was the estimated amount of its undistributed S Corporation earnings as of the day prior to the closing of the offering. On March 30, 2000, ASTeX completed the registration and sale of 1,917,250 shares of common stock at $40.42 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $73.2 million. On March 5, 1999, ASTeX completed the registration and sale of 1,533,800 shares of common stock at $14.34 per share. On April 6, 1999, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option to purchase an additional 230,070 shares of common stock. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $23.8 million. In 1998, ASTeX announced that it had met the requirements for the redemption of redeemable warrants issued in connection with the ASTeX initial public offering and called the warrants for redemption. 2,082,451 redeemable warrants and 133,088 underwriter warrants were converted into 1,297,147 shares of common stock. The net proceeds were $15,234,000.
Operations provided cash of $23.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2001. This cash flow was impacted by the net loss, depreciation and amortization, the goodwill impairment charge and changes in the levels of accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accounts receivable. Investing activities utilized cash of $22.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2001 primarily from the purchases of On-Line and property, plant, and equipment. Financing activities utilized cash of $2.3 million, primarily from payments on short-term borrowings offset by proceeds from employees exercising stock options. Working capital was $215 million as of September 30, 2001, a decrease of $21.9 million from December 31, 2000. The decrease in working capital was primarily due to decreased trade accounts receivable, net. MKS entered into a new credit agreement on July 31, 2001 whereby the Company has a combined $40.0 million line of credit with two banks all of which is available. The credit agreement expires on July 31, 2002. The Company believes that its working capital, together with the cash anticipated to be generated from operations and funds available from existing credit facilities, will be sufficient to satisfy its estimated working capital and planned capital expenditure requirements through at least the next 12 months.
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS MKS believes that this document contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of management of MKS, based on information currently available to MKS' management. Use of words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "estimates," "should," "likely" or similar expressions, indicate a forward-looking statement. Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Certain of the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q consists of forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements include the following: MKS' BUSINESS DEPENDS SUBSTANTIALLY ON CAPITAL SPENDING IN THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY WHICH IS CHARACTERIZED BY PERIODIC FLUCTUATIONS THAT MAY CAUSE A REDUCTION IN DEMAND FOR MKS' PRODUCTS. MKS estimates that approximately 76% of its sales in 2000 were to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers, and it expects that sales to such customers will continue to account for a substantial majority of its sales. MKS' business depends upon the capital expenditures of semiconductor device manufacturers, which in turn depend upon the demand for semiconductors. Periodic reductions in demand for the products manufactured by semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers may adversely affect MKS' business, financial condition and results of operations. Historically, the semiconductor market has been highly cyclical and has experienced periods of overcapacity, resulting in significantly reduced demand for capital equipment. For example, in 1996 and 1998, the semiconductor capital equipment industry experienced significant declines, which caused a number of MKS customers to reduce their orders. More recently, in 2001, MKS has experienced a significant reduction in demand from OEM customers, and lower gross margins due to reduced absorption of manufacturing overhead at the lower revenue levels. In addition, many semiconductor manufacturers have operations and customers in Asia, a region which in recent years has experienced serious economic problems including currency devaluations, debt defaults, lack of liquidity and recessions. MKS cannot be certain that semiconductor downturns will not recur. A decline in the level of orders as a result of any current and future downturn or slowdown in the semiconductor capital equipment industry could have a material adverse effect on MKS' business, financial condition and results of operations. MKS' QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS HAVE VARIED, AND ARE LIKELY TO CONTINUE TO VARY SIGNIFICANTLY. THIS MAY RESULT IN VOLATILITY IN THE MARKET PRICE FOR MKS' SHARES. A substantial portion of MKS' shipments occur shortly after an order is received and therefore MKS operates with a low level of backlog. As a result, a decrease in demand for MKS' products from one or more customers could occur with limited advance notice and could have a material adverse effect on MKS' results of operations in any particular period. A significant percentage of MKS' expenses are relatively fixed and based in part on expectations of future net sales. The inability to adjust spending quickly enough to compensate for any shortfall would magnify the adverse impact of a shortfall in net sales on MKS' results of operations. Factors that could cause fluctuations in MKS' net sales include: - - the timing of the receipt of orders from major customers; - - shipment delays; - - disruption in sources of supply; - - seasonal variations of capital spending by customers; - - production capacity constraints; and - - specific features requested by customers.
For example, MKS was in the process of increasing its production capacity when the semiconductor capital equipment market began to experience a significant downturn in 1996. This downturn had a material adverse effect on MKS' operating results in the second half of 1996 and the first half of 1997. After an increase in business in the latter half of 1997, the market experienced another downturn in 1998, which had a material adverse effect on MKS' 1998 and first quarter 1999 operating results. More recently, the semiconductor capital equipment market has experienced a significant downturn during 2001. As a result, MKS has experienced a reduction in demand from OEM customers in 2001, which has had a material adverse effect on MKS' operating results. As a result of the factors discussed above, it is likely that MKS will in the future experience quarterly or annual fluctuations and that, in one or more future quarters, its operating results will fall below the expectations of public market analysts or investors. In any such event, the price of MKS' common stock could decline significantly. THE LOSS OF NET SALES TO ANY ONE OF MKS' MAJOR CUSTOMERS WOULD LIKELY HAVE A MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT ON MKS. MKS' five largest customers accounted for approximately 45% of its net sales in 2000, 39% of its net sales in 1999 and 34% of its net sales in 1998. The loss of a major customer or any reduction in orders by these customers, including reductions due to market or competitive conditions, would likely have a material adverse effect on MKS' business, financial condition and results of operations. During 2000 and 1999, one customer, Applied Materials, accounted for approximately 30% and 29%, respectively, of MKS' net sales. MKS' purchase contract with Applied Materials expires in 2004. None of MKS' significant customers, including Applied Materials, has entered into an agreement requiring it to purchase any minimum quantity of MKS' products. The demand for MKS' products from its semiconductor capital equipment customers depends in part on orders received by them from their semiconductor device manufacturer customers. Attempts to lessen the adverse effect of any loss or reduction through the rapid addition of new customers could be difficult because prospective customers typically require lengthy qualification periods prior to placing volume orders with a new supplier. MKS' future success will continue to depend upon: - - its ability to maintain relationships with existing key customers; - - its ability to attract new customers; and - - the success of its customers in creating demand for their capital equipment products which incorporate MKS's products. AS PART OF MKS' BUSINESS STRATEGY, MKS HAS ENTERED INTO AND MAY ENTER INTO OR SEEK TO ENTER INTO BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND ACQUISITIONS THAT MAY BE DIFFICULT TO INTEGRATE, DISRUPT ITS BUSINESS, DILUTE STOCKHOLDER VALUE OR DIVERT MANAGEMENT ATTENTION. MKS acquired Compact Instrument Technology ("Compact Instrument") in March 2000, Telvac Engineering, Ltd. ("Telvac") in May 2000, Spectra Instruments, Inc. ("Spectra") in July 2000, D.I.P., Inc. ("D.I.P.") in September 2000, ASTeX in January 2001, On-Line in April 2001, and entered into a definitive merger agreement to acquire the ENI division ("ENI") of Emerson Electric Co. in October 2001. As a part of its business strategy, MKS may enter into additional business combinations and acquisitions. Acquisitions are typically accompanied by a number of risks, including the difficulty of integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired companies, the potential disruption of MKS' ongoing business and distraction of management, expenses related to the acquisition and potential unknown liabilities associated with acquired businesses. If MKS is not successful in completing acquisitions that it may pursue in the future, it may be required to reevaluate its growth strategy, and MKS may have incurred substantial expenses and devoted significant management time and resources in seeking to complete proposed acquisitions that will not generate benefits for it. In addition, with future acquisitions, MKS could use substantial portions of its available cash as all or a portion of the purchase price. MKS could also issue additional securities as consideration for these acquisitions, which could cause significant stockholder dilution. MKS' acquisitions of Compact Instrument, Telvac, Spectra, D.I.P., ASTeX, On-Line, and ENI and any future acquisitions may not ultimately help MKS achieve its strategic goals and may pose other risks to MKS.
AN INABILITY TO CONVINCE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE MANUFACTURERS TO SPECIFY THE USE OF MKS' PRODUCTS TO MKS' CUSTOMERS, WHO ARE SEMICONDUCTOR CAPITAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS, WOULD WEAKEN MKS' COMPETITIVE POSITION. The markets for MKS' products are highly competitive. Its competitive success often depends upon factors outside of its control. For example, in some cases, particularly with respect to mass flow controllers, semiconductor device manufacturers may direct semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers to use a specified supplier's product in their equipment. Accordingly, for such products, MKS' success will depend in part on its ability to have semiconductor device manufacturers specify that MKS' products be used at their semiconductor fabrication facilities. In addition, MKS may encounter difficulties in changing established relationships of competitors that already have a large installed base of products within such semiconductor fabrication facilities. IF MKS' PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED INTO SUCCESSIVE NEW GENERATIONS OF ITS CUSTOMERS' PRODUCTS, MKS WILL LOSE SIGNIFICANT NET SALES DURING THE LIFESPAN OF THOSE PRODUCTS. New products designed by semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers typically have a lifespan of five to ten years. MKS' success depends on its products being designed into new generations of equipment for the semiconductor industry. MKS must develop products that are technologically current so that they are positioned to be chosen for use in each successive new generation of semiconductor capital equipment. If MKS products are not chosen by its customers, MKS' net sales may be reduced during the lifespan of its customers' products. In addition, MKS must make a significant capital investment to develop products for its customers well before its products are introduced and before it can be sure that it will recover its capital investment through sales to the customers in significant volume. MKS is thus also at risk during the development phase that its products may fail to meet its customers' technical or cost requirements and may be replaced by a competitive product or alternative technology solution. If that happens, MKS may be unable to recover MKS' development costs. THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY IS SUBJECT TO RAPID DEMAND SHIFTS WHICH ARE DIFFICULT TO PREDICT. AS A RESULT, MKS' INABILITY TO EXPAND ITS MANUFACTURING CAPACITY IN RESPONSE TO THESE RAPID SHIFTS MAY CAUSE A REDUCTION IN ITS MARKET SHARE. MKS' ability to increase sales of certain products depends in part upon its ability to expand its manufacturing capacity for such products in a timely manner. If MKS is unable to expand its manufacturing capacity on a timely basis or to manage such expansion effectively, its customers could implement its competitors' products and, as a result, its market share could be reduced. Because the semiconductor industry is subject to rapid demand shifts which are difficult to foresee, MKS may not be able to increase capacity quickly enough to respond to a rapid increase in demand in the semiconductor industry. Additionally, capacity expansion could increase MKS' fixed operating expenses and if sales levels do not increase to offset the additional expense levels associated with any such expansion, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. SALES TO FOREIGN MARKETS CONSTITUTE A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF MKS' NET SALES; THEREFORE, MKS NET SALES AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS COULD BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY DOWNTURNS IN ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN COUNTRIES OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. International sales, which include sales by MKS' foreign subsidiaries, but exclude direct export sales (which were less than 10% of MKS' total net sales), accounted for approximately 23% of net sales in 2000, 25% of net sales in 1999 and 21% of net sales in 1998. MKS anticipates that international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of MKS' net sales. In addition, certain of MKS' key domestic customers derive a significant portion of their revenues from sales in international markets. Therefore, MKS' sales and results of operations could be adversely affected by economic slowdowns and other risks associated with international sales.
UNFAVORABLE CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS MAY LEAD TO LOWER GROSS MARGINS, OR MAY CAUSE MKS TO RAISE PRICES WHICH COULD RESULT IN REDUCED SALES. Currency exchange rate fluctuations could have an adverse effect on MKS' net sales and results of operations and MKS could experience losses with respect to its hedging activities. Unfavorable currency fluctuations could require MKS to increase prices to foreign customers which could result in lower net sales by MKS to such customers. Alternatively, if MKS does not adjust the prices for its products in response to unfavorable currency fluctuations, its results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, sales made by MKS' foreign subsidiaries are denominated in the currency of the country in which these products are sold and the currency it receives in payment for such sales could be less valuable at the time of receipt as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. MKS enters into forward exchange contracts and local currency purchased options to reduce currency exposure arising from intercompany sales of inventory. However, MKS cannot be certain that its efforts will be adequate to protect it against significant currency fluctuations or that such efforts will not expose it to additional exchange rate risks. COMPETITION FOR PERSONNEL IN THE SEMICONDUCTOR AND INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IS INTENSE. MKS' success depends to a large extent upon the efforts and abilities of a number of key employees and officers, particularly those with expertise in the semiconductor manufacturing and similar industrial manufacturing industries. The loss of key employees or officers could have a material adverse effect on MKS' business, financial condition and results of operations. MKS believes that its future success will depend in part on its ability to attract and retain highly skilled technical, financial, managerial and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and MKS cannot be certain that it will be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. MKS' PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY IS IMPORTANT TO THE CONTINUED SUCCESS OF ITS BUSINESS. MKS' FAILURE TO PROTECT THIS PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY MAY SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIR MKS' COMPETITIVE POSITION. As of September 30, 2001, MKS owned 125 U.S. patents and 62 foreign patents and had 52 pending U.S. patent applications and 136 pending foreign patent applications. Although MKS seeks to protect its intellectual property rights through patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other measures, it cannot be certain that: - - MKS will be able to protect its technology adequately; - - competitors will not be able to develop similar technology independently; - - any of MKS' pending patent applications will be issued; - - intellectual property laws will protect MKS' intellectual property rights; or - - third parties will not assert that MKS' products infringe patent, copyright or trade secrets of such parties. PROTECTION OF MKS' INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS MAY RESULT IN COSTLY LITIGATION. Litigation may be necessary in order to enforce MKS' patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights, to protect its trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement. For example, on November 30, 2000, ASTeX brought suit in federal district court in Delaware against Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. for infringement of ASTeX's patent related to its Astron product. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on MKS' business, financial condition and results of operations.
THE MARKET PRICE OF MKS' COMMON STOCK HAS FLUCTUATED AND MAY CONTINUE TO FLUCTUATE FOR REASONS OVER WHICH MKS HAS NO CONTROL. The stock market has from time to time experienced, and is likely to continue to experience, extreme price and volume fluctuations. Recently, prices of securities of technology companies have been especially volatile and have often fluctuated for reasons that are unrelated to the operating performance of the companies. The market price of shares of MKS' common stock has fluctuated greatly since its initial public offering and could continue to fluctuate due to a variety of factors. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been the objects of securities class action litigation. If MKS were the object of securities class action litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of MKS' management's attention and resources. MKS'S DEPENDENCE ON SOLE AND LIMITED SOURCE SUPPLIERS COULD AFFECT ITS ABILITY TO MANUFACTURE PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS. MKS relies on sole and limited source suppliers for a few of its components and subassemblies that are critical to the manufacturing of MKS's products. This reliance involves several risks, including the following: - - the potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components; - - reduced control over pricing and timing of delivery of components; and - - the potential inability of its suppliers to develop technologically advanced products to support MKS's growth and development of new systems. MKS believes that in time MKS could obtain and qualify alternative sources for most sole and limited source parts. Seeking alternative sources of the parts could require MKS to redesign its systems, resulting in increased costs and likely shipping delays. MKS may be unable to redesign its systems, which could result in further costs and shipping delays. These increased costs would decrease MKS' profit margins if it could not pass the costs to its customers. Further, shipping delays could damage MKS' relationships with current and potential customers and have a material adverse effect on MKS' business and results of operations. MKS IS SUBJECT TO GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS. MKS is subject to federal, state, local and foreign regulations, including environmental regulations and regulations relating to the design and operation of MKS' power supply products. MKS must ensure that these systems meet certain safety standards, many of which vary across the countries in which MKS' systems are used. For example, the European Union has published directives specifically relating to power supplies. MKS must comply with these directives in order to ship MKS' systems into countries that are members of the European Union. MKS believes it is in compliance with current applicable regulations, directives and standards and has obtained all necessary permits, approvals, and authorizations to conduct MKS' business. However, compliance with future regulations, directives and standards could require it to modify or redesign certain systems, make capital expenditures or incur substantial costs. If MKS does not comply with current or future regulations, directives and standards: - - MKS could be subject to fines; - - MKS' production could be suspended; or - - MKS could be prohibited from offering particular systems in specified markets. ONE STOCKHOLDER, ALONG WITH MEMBERS OF HIS FAMILY, CONTINUES TO HAVE A SUBSTANTIAL INTEREST IN MKS. As of January 31, 2001, John R. Bertucci, chairman and chief executive officer of MKS, and members of his family, in the aggregate, beneficially owned approximately 41.4% of MKS' outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders, acting together, are able to exert substantial influence over actions of MKS.
SOME PROVISIONS OF MKS' AMENDED AND RESTATED ARTICLES OF ORGANIZATION, MKS' BY-LAWS AND MASSACHUSETTS LAW COULD DISCOURAGE POTENTIAL ACQUISITION PROPOSALS AND COULD DELAY OR PREVENT A CHANGE IN CONTROL OF MKS. Anti-takeover provisions could diminish the opportunities for stockholders to participate in tender offers, including tender offers at a price above the then current market value of the common stock. Such provisions may also inhibit increases in the market price of the common stock that could result from takeover attempts. For example, while MKS has no present plans to issue any preferred stock, MKS' board of directors, without further stockholder approval, may issue preferred stock that could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of MKS. The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of MKS' common stock, including the loss of voting control to others. In addition, MKS' By-Laws provide for a classified board of directors consisting of three classes. The classified board could also have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of MKS.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Information concerning market risk is contained in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in the Consolidated Supplemental Financial Statements for year ended December 31, 2000, reflecting the merger of MKS Instruments, Inc. and ASTeX, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in MKS' Current Reports on Form 8-K on April 20, 2001. MKS enters into local currency purchased options to reduce currency exposure arising from intercompany sales of inventory. The potential fair value loss for a hypothetical 10% adverse change in currency exchange rates on MKS' local currency purchased options at September 30, 2001 would be approximately $0.5 million. The potential loss was estimated by calculating the fair value of the local currency purchased options at September 30, 2001 and comparing that with those calculated using the hypothetical currency exchange rates. There were no other material changes in MKS' exposure to market risk from December 31, 2000. PART II OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS MKS is not aware of any material legal proceedings to which it or any of its subsidiaries is a party. ITEM 2. CHANGES IN SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS (d) Use of Proceeds from Sales of Registered Securities. The Company has previously provided information on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000 relating to the use of proceeds from the sale of securities by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 333-71363) that was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 29, 1999. Cumulative use of net proceeds from the securities sold was $15.8 million as of September 30, 2001. There has been no other change to the information previously provided. ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES None. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS None. ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION None. ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (a) Exhibits <TABLE> <CAPTION> Exhibit No. Exhibit Description ----------- ------------------- <S> <C> 10.37 Credit Agreement dated July 31, 2001 between Fleet National Bank as Agent and Lender, The Chase Manhattan Bank as Lender, and the Registrant as Borrower 10.38 Ninth Amendment dated July 31, 2001 to the Loan Agreement dated October 31, 1995 between Fleet National Bank as Lender and the Registrant as Borrower </TABLE> (b) Reports on Form 8-K None.
SIGNATURE Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. November 14, 2001 By: /s/ Ronald C. Weigner --------------------------------- Ronald C. Weigner Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
EXHIBIT INDEX <TABLE> <CAPTION> Exhibit No. Exhibit Description ----------- ------------------- <S> <C> 10.37 Credit Agreement dated July 31, 2001 between Fleet National Bank as Agent and Lender, The Chase Manhattan Bank as Lender, and the Registrant as Borrower 10.38 Ninth Amendment dated July 31, 2001 to the Loan Agreement dated October 31, 1995 between Fleet National Bank as Lender and the Registrant as Borrower </TABLE>