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Financial Table of Contents
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Key Financial Results
Income by Major Operating Area
Business Environment and Outlook
ments. Earnings for the company in any period may also be influenced by events or transactions that are infrequent and/ or unusual in nature.
The company has been closely monitoring the ongoing uncertainty in financial and credit markets, the rapid decline in crude-oil prices that began in the second half of 2008, and the general contraction of worldwide economic activity. Management is taking these developments into account in the conduct of daily operations and for business planning. The company remains confident of its underlying financial strength to deal with potential problems presented in this environment.
Upstream Earnings for the upstream segment are closely aligned with industry price levels for crude oil and natural gas. Crude-oil and natural-gas prices are subject to external
factors over which the company has no control, including product demand connected with global economic conditions, industry inventory levels, production quotas imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), weather-related damage and disruptions, competing fuel prices, and regional supply interruptions or fears thereof that may be caused by military conflicts, civil unrest or political uncertainty. Moreover, any of these factors could also inhibit the companys production capacity in an affected region. The company monitors developments closely in the countries in which it operates and holds investments, and attempts to manage risks in operating its facilities and business.
Industry price levels for crude oil were volatile during 2008. The spot price for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil, a benchmark crude, started 2008 at $96 per barrel and peaked at $147 in early July. At the end of the year, the WTI price had fallen to $45 per barrel. As of mid-February 2009, the WTI price was $38 per barrel. The collapse in price during the second half of 2008 was largely driven by a decline in the demand for crude oil that was associated with a significant weakening in world economies. The WTI price averaged $100 per barrel for the full-year 2008, compared with $72 in 2007.
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the Henry Hub price was about $5.60 and $4.70 per MCF, respectively. Fluctuations in the price for natural gas in the United States are closely associated with the volumes produced in North America and the inventory in underground storage relative to customer demand. U.S. natural gas prices are also typically higher during the winter period when demand for heating is greatest.
The company estimates that oil-equivalent production in 2009 will average approximately 2.63 million barrels per day. This estimate is subject to many uncertainties, including quotas that may be imposed by OPEC, price effects on production volumes calculated under cost-recovery and variable-royalty provisions of certain contracts, changes in fiscal terms or restrictions on the scope of company operations, delays in project startups, fluctuations in demand for natural gas in various markets, weather conditions that may shut in production, civil unrest, changing geopolitics, or other disruptions to operations. Future production levels also are affected by the size and number of economic investment opportunities and, for new large-scale projects, the time lag between initial exploration and the beginning of production. Most of Chevrons upstream investment is currently being made outside the United States. Investments in upstream projects generally are made well in advance of the start of the associated production of crude oil and natural gas.
Downstream Earnings for the downstream segment are closely tied to margins on the refining and marketing of products that include gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, fuel oil and feedstocks for chemical manufacturing. Industry margins are sometimes volatile and can be affected by the global and regional supply-and-demand balance for refined products and by changes in the price of crude oil used for refinery feedstock. Industry margins can also be influenced by refined-product inventory levels, geopolitical events, refinery maintenance programs and disruptions at refineries resulting from unplanned outages that may be due to severe weather or other operational events.
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the crude-oil and product-supply functions and the economic returns on invested capital. Profitability can also be affected by the volatility of tanker-charter rates for the companys shipping operations, which are driven by the industrys demand for crude oil and product tankers. Other factors beyond the companys control include the general level of inflation and energy costs to operate the companys refinery and distribution network.
Chemicals Earnings in the petrochemicals business are closely tied to global chemical demand, industry inventory levels and plant capacity utilization. Feedstock and fuel costs, which tend to follow crude oil and natural gas price movements, also influence earnings in this segment.
Operating Developments
Upstream
Indonesia Achieved first oil at North Duri Field Area 12, which Chevron operates with a 100 percent interest. Maximum total crude-oil production of 34,000 barrels per day is expected in 2012.
Downstream
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Other
Results of Operations
U.S. Upstream Exploration and Production
U.S upstream income of $7.1 billion in 2008 increased $2.6 billion from 2007. Higher average prices for crude oil and natural gas increased earnings by $3.1 billion between periods. Also contributing to the higher earnings were gains of approximately $1 billion on asset sales, including a $600 million gain on an asset-exchange transaction. Partially offsetting these benefits were adverse effects of about $1.6 billion associated with lower oil-equivalent production and higher operating expenses, which included approximately $400 million of expenses resulting from damage to facilities in the Gulf of Mexico caused by hurricanes Gustav and Ike in September.
Net oil-equivalent production in 2008 averaged 671,000 barrels per day, down 9.7 percent and 12.1 percent from 2007 and 2006, respectively. The decrease between 2007 and 2008 was mainly due to normal field declines and the adverse impact of the hurricanes. The decline in 2007 from 2006 was due primarily to normal field declines. The net liquids component of oil-equivalent production for 2008 averaged 421,000 barrels per day, down approximately 8 percent from 2007 and down 9 percent compared with 2006. Net natural gas production averaged 1.5 billion cubic feet per day in 2008, down 12 percent from 2007 and down 17 percent from 2006.
International Upstream Exploration and Production
International upstream income of $14.6 billion in 2008 increased $4.3 billion from 2007. Higher prices for crude oil and natural gas increased earnings by $4.9 billion. Partially offsetting the benefit of higher prices was an impact of about $1.8 billion associated with a reduction of crude-oil sales volumes due to timing of certain cargo liftings and higher depreciation and operating expenses. Foreign currency effects benefited earnings by $873 million in 2008, compared with reductions to earnings of $417 million in 2007 and $371 million in 2006.
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Income in 2007 of $10.3 billion increased $1.4 billion from 2006. Earnings in 2007 benefited approximately $1.6 billion from higher prices, primarily for crude oil, and $300 million from increased liftings. Non-recurring income-tax items also benefited earnings between periods. These benefits to income were partially offset by the impact of higher operating and depreciation expenses.
U.S. Downstream Refining, Marketing and Transportation
U.S downstream earnings of $1.4 billion in 2008 increased about $400 million from 2007 due mainly to improved margins on the sale of refined products and gains on derivative commodity instruments. Operating expenses were higher between periods. Income of $966 million in 2007 decreased nearly $1 billion from 2006. The decline was associated mainly with lower refined-product margins and higher planned and unplanned refinery downtime than a year earlier. Operating expenses were also higher in 2007 than in 2006.
International Downstream Refining, Marketing and Transportation
International downstream income of $2.1 billion in 2008 decreased nearly $500 million from 2007. Earnings in 2007 included gains of approximately $1 billion on the sale of assets, which included an interest in a refinery and marketing assets in the Benelux region of Europe. The $500 million improvement otherwise between years was associated primarily with a benefit from gains on derivative commodity instruments that was only partially offset by the impact of lower margins on the sale of refined products. Foreign currency effects increased earnings by $193 million in 2008, compared with $62 million in 2007. Income in 2007 of $2.5 billion increased $500 million from 2006, largely due to the gains on asset sales. Margins on the sale of refined products in 2007 were up slightly from 2006. Operating expenses were higher, and earnings from the companys shipping operations were lower.
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Refined-product sales volumes were 2.02 million barrels per day in 2008, about 1 percent lower than 2007 due mainly to reduced sales of gas oil and fuel oil. Refined product sales volumes were 2.03 million barrels per day in 2007, about 5 percent lower than 2006. The decline in 2007 was largely due to the impact of asset sales and the accounting-standard change for buy/sell contracts. Excluding the accounting change, sales decreased about 4 percent.
Chemicals
The chemicals segment includes the companys Oronite subsidiary and the 50 percent-owned Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC (CPChem). In 2008, earnings were $182 million, compared with $396 million and $539 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Earnings declined in 2008 due to lower sales volumes of commodity chemicals by CPChem. Higher expenses for planned maintenance activities also contributed to the earnings decline. Earnings also declined for the companys Oronite subsidiary due to lower volumes and higher operating expenses. In 2007, earnings of $396 million decreased $143 million from 2006 due to the impact of lower margins on the sale of commodity chemicals by CPChem that were only partially offset by improved margins on Oronites sales of additives for lubricants and fuel.
All Other
All Other includes mining operations, power generation businesses, worldwide cash management and debt financing activities, corporate administrative functions, insurance operations, real estate activities, alternative fuels and technology companies, and the companys interest in Dynegy prior to its sale in May 2007.
Consolidated Statement of Income
Sales and other operating revenues increased in the comparative periods due mainly to higher prices for crude oil, natural gas and refined products.
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Other income of $2.7 billion in 2008 included gains of approximately $1.3 billion on asset sales. Other income of $2.7 billion in 2007 included net gains of $1.7 billion from asset sales and a loss of $245 million on the early redemption of debt. Interest income was approximately $340 million in 2008 and $600 million in both 2007 and 2006. Foreign currency effects benefited other income by $355 million in 2008 while reducing other income by $352 million and $260 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Crude oil and product purchases in 2008 increased $38.1 billion from 2007 due to higher prices for crude oil, natural gas and refined products. Crude oil and product purchases in 2007 increased more than $5 billion from 2006 due to these same factors.
Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses in 2008 increased approximately $3.7 billion from 2007 primarily due to $1.2 billion of higher costs for employee and contract labor; $800 million of increased costs for materials, services and equipment; $700 million of uninsured losses associated with hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico in 2008; and an increase of about $300 million for environmental remediation activities. Total expenses were about $3.1 billion higher in 2007 than in 2006. Increases were recorded in a number of categories, including $1.5 billion of higher costs for employee and contract labor.
Exploration expenses in 2008 declined from 2007 due mainly to lower amounts for well write-offs for operations in the United States. Expenses in 2007 were essentially unchanged from 2006.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses increased in 2008 from 2007 largely due to higher depreciation rates for certain crude oil and natural gas producing fields, reflecting completion of higher-cost development projects and asset-retirement obligations. The increase between 2006 and 2007 reflects an increase in charges related to asset write-downs and higher depreciation rates for certain crude oil and natural gas producing fields worldwide.
Taxes other than on income decreased between 2007 and 2008 periods mainly due to lower import duties as a result of the effects of the 2007 sales of the companys Benelux refining and marketing businesses and a decline in import volumes in the United Kingdom. Taxes other than on income increased between 2006 and 2007 due to higher import duties in the companys U.K. downstream operations in 2007.
Interest and debt expense decreased significantly in 2008 because all interest-related amounts were being capitalized. Interest and debt expense in 2007 decreased from 2006 primarily due to lower average debt balances and higher amounts of interest capitalized.
Effective income tax rates were 44 percent in 2008, 42 percent in 2007 and 46 percent in 2006. Rates were higher between 2007 and 2008 primarily due to a greater proportion of income earned in tax jurisdictions with higher income tax rates. In addition, the 2007 period included a relatively low effective tax rate on the sale of the companys investment in Dynegy common stock and the sale of downstream assets in Europe. Rates were lower in 2007 compared with 2006 due mainly to the impact of nonrecurring items in 2007 mentioned above and the absence of 2006 charges related to a tax-law change that increased tax rates on upstream operations in the U.K. North Sea and the settlement of a tax claim in Venezuela. Refer also to the discussion of income taxes in Note 16 beginning on page FS-45.
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Selected Operating Data1,2
Liquidity and Capital Resources
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unsecured indebtedness at interest rates based on London Interbank Offered Rate or an average of base lending rates published by specified banks and on terms reflecting the companys strong credit rating. No borrowings were outstanding under these facilities at December 31, 2008. In addition, the company has an automatic shelf registration statement that expires in March 2010 for an unspecified amount of nonconvertible debt securities issued or guaranteed by the company. In January 2009, the companys Board of Directors authorized the issuance of one or more series of notes or debentures in an aggregate amount up to $5 billion for a term not to exceed ten years.
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Capital and Exploratory Expenditures
Worldwide downstream spending in 2009 is estimated at $4.3 billion, with about $2.0 billion for projects in the United States. Capital projects include upgrades to refineries in the United States and South Korea and construction of a gas-to-liquids facility in support of associated upstream projects.
Financial Ratios
Current Ratio current assets divided by current liabilities. The current ratio in all periods was adversely affected by the fact that Chevrons inventories are valued on a Last-In, First-Out basis. At year-end 2008, the book value of inventory was lower than replacement costs, based on average acquisition costs during the year, by approximately $9 billion.
Interest Coverage Ratio income before income tax expense, plus interest and debt expense and amortization of capitalized interest, divided by before-tax interest costs. The companys interest coverage ratio was higher between 2007 and 2008 and between 2006 and 2007, primarily due to higher before-tax income and lower average debt balances in each of the subsequent years.
Guarantees, Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations, and Other Contingencies
Direct Guarantee
The companys guarantee of approximately $600 million is associated with certain payments under a terminal-use agreement entered into by a company affiliate. The terminal is expected to be operational by 2012. Over the approximate 16-year term of the guarantee, the maximum guarantee amount will be reduced as certain fees are paid by the affiliate.
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There are numerous cross-indemnity agreements with the affiliate and the other partners to permit recovery of any amounts paid under the guarantee. Chevron has recorded no liability for its obligation under this guarantee.
Long-Term Unconditional Purchase Obligations and Commitments, Including Throughput and Take-or-Pay Agreements The company and its subsidiaries have certain other contingent liabilities relating to long-term unconditional purchase obligations and commitments, including throughput and take-or-pay agreements, some of which relate to suppliers financing arrangements. The agreements typically provide goods and services, such as pipeline and storage capacity, drilling rigs, utilities, and petroleum products, to be used or sold in the ordinary course of the companys business. The aggregate approximate amounts of required payments under these various commitments are: 2009 $6.4 billion; 2010 $4.0 billion; 2011 $3.6 billion; 2012 $1.5 billion; 2013 $1.3 billion; 2014 and after $4.3 billion. A portion of these commitments may ultimately be shared with project partners. Total payments under the agreements were approximately $5.1 billion in 2008, $3.7 billion in 2007 and $3.0 billion in 2006.
Contractual Obligations1
Financial and Derivative Instruments
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Factors in Part I, Item 1A, of the companys 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Foreign Currency The company enters into forward exchange contracts, generally with terms of 180 days or less, to manage some of its foreign currency exposures. These exposures include revenue and anticipated purchase transactions, including foreign currency capital expenditures and lease commitments, forecasted to occur within 180 days. The forward exchange contracts are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet with resulting gains and losses reflected in income.
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Transactions With Related Parties
Litigation and Other Contingencies
oil company, as the majority partner; since 1990, the operations have been conducted solely by Petroecuador. At the conclusion of the consortium and following an independent third-party environmental audit of the concession area, Texpet entered into a formal agreement with the Republic of Ecuador and Petroecuador for Texpet to remediate specific sites assigned by the government in proportion to Texpets ownership share of the consortium. Pursuant to that agreement, Texpet conducted a three-year remediation program at a cost of $40 million. After certifying that the sites were properly remediated, the government granted Texpet and all related corporate entities a full release from any and all environmental liability arising from the consortium operations.
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estimate a reasonable possible loss (or a range of loss).
Environmental The company is subject to loss contingencies pursuant to environmental laws and regulations that in the future may require the company to take action to correct or ameliorate the effects on the environment of prior release of chemicals or petroleum substances, including MTBE, by the company or other parties. Such contingencies may exist for various sites, including, but not limited to, federal Superfund sites and analogous sites under state laws, refineries, crude oil fields, service stations, terminals, land development areas, and mining operations, whether operating, closed or divested. These future costs are not fully determinable due to such factors as the unknown magnitude of possible contamination, the unknown timing and extent of the corrective actions that may be required, the determination of the companys liability in proportion to other responsible parties, and the extent to which such costs are recoverable from third parties.
Although the company has provided for known environmental obligations that are probable and reasonably estimable, the amount of additional future costs may be material to results of operations in the period in which they are recognized. The company does not expect these costs will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position or liquidity. Also, the company does not believe its obligations to make such expenditures have had, or will have, any significant impact on the companys competitive position relative to other U.S. or international petroleum or chemical companies.
the company had been identified as a potentially responsible party or otherwise involved in the remediation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or other regulatory agencies under the provisions of the federal Superfund law or analogous state laws. The companys remediation reserve for these sites at year-end 2008 was $120 million. The federal Superfund law and analogous state laws provide for joint and several liability for all responsible parties. Any future actions by the EPA or other regulatory agencies to require Chevron to assume other potentially responsible parties costs at designated hazardous waste sites are not expected to have a material effect on the companys consolidated financial position or liquidity.
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reasonably estimated. The liability balance of approximately $9.4 billion for asset retirement obligations at year-end 2008 related primarily to upstream properties.
that could be classified as proved. The effect on exploration expenses in future periods of the $2.1 billion of suspended wells at year-end 2008 is uncertain pending future activities, including normal project evaluation and additional drilling.
Environmental Matters
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sidered acceptable at the time but now require investigative or remedial work or both to meet current standards.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions
Besides those meeting these critical criteria, the company makes many other accounting estimates and assumptions in preparing its financial statements and related disclosures. Although not associated with highly uncertain matters, these estimates and assumptions are also subject to revision as circumstances warrant, and materially different results may sometimes occur.
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and assumptions, including those deemed critical, and the associated disclosures in this discussion have been discussed by management with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
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dependent upon plan-investment results, changes in pension obligations, regulatory requirements and other economic factors. Additional funding may be required if investment returns are insufficient to offset increases in plan obligations.
proved-reserve quantities. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows expected from the asset, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess of carrying value of the asset over its estimated fair value.
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of sale of a particular asset or asset group in any period has been deemed more likely than not, an impairment review is performed, and if the estimated net proceeds exceed the carrying value of the asset or asset group, no impairment charge is required. Such calculations are reviewed each period until the asset or asset group is disposed of. Assets that are not impaired on a held-and-used basis could possibly become impaired if a decision is made to sell such assets. That is, the assets would be impaired if they are classified as held-for-sale and the estimated proceeds from the sale, less costs to sell, are less than the assets associated carrying values.
efits are recognized only if management determines the tax position is more likely than not (i.e., likelihood greater than 50 percent) to be allowed by the tax jurisdiction. For additional discussion of income tax uncertainties, refer to Note 16 beginning on page FS-45. Refer also to the business segment discussions elsewhere in this section for the effect on earnings from losses associated with certain litigation, and environmental remediation and tax matters for the three years ended December 31, 2008.
New Accounting Standards
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equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheet but separate from the parents equity. It also requires the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and the noncontrolling interest to be clearly identified and presented on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Income. Certain changes in a parents ownership interest are to be accounted for as equity transactions and when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any noncontrolling equity investment in the former subsidiary is to be initially measured at fair value. Implementation of FAS 160 will not significantly change the presentation of the companys Consolidated Statement of Income or Consolidated Balance Sheet.
be expanded to include a tabular representation of the location and fair value amounts of derivative instruments on the balance sheet, fair value gains and losses on the income statement and gains and losses associated with cash flow hedges recognized in earnings and other comprehensive income.
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Quarterly Results and Stock Market Data
Unaudited
The companys common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (trading symbol: CVX). As of February 20, 2009, stockholders of record numbered approximately 205,000. There are no restrictions on the companys ability to pay dividends.
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Managements Responsibility for Financial Statements
To the Stockholders of Chevron Corporation
Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The companys management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The companys management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the companys internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the results of this evaluation, the companys management concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2008.
February 26, 2009
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Chevron Corporation:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Chevron Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Companys management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Francisco, California February 26, 2009
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Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Consolidated Statement of Stockholders Equity
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Subsidiary and Affiliated Companies The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of controlled subsidiary companies more than 50 percent-owned and variable-interest entities in which the company is the primary beneficiary. Undivided interests in oil and gas joint ventures and certain other assets are consolidated on a proportionate basis. Investments in and advances to affiliates in which the company has a substantial ownership interest of approximately 20 percent to 50 percent or for which the company exercises significant influence but not control over policy decisions are accounted for by the equity method. As part of that accounting, the company recognizes gains and losses that arise from the issuance of stock by an affiliate that results in changes in the companys proportionate share of the dollar amount of the affiliates equity currently in income.
performance, and the companys ability and intention to retain its investment for a period that will be sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the investments market value. The new cost basis of investments in these equity investees is not changed for subsequent recoveries in fair value.
Derivatives The majority of the companys activity in derivative commodity instruments is intended to manage the financial risk posed by physical transactions. For some of this derivative activity, generally limited to large, discrete or infrequently occurring transactions, the company may elect to apply fair value or cash flow hedge accounting. For other similar derivative instruments, generally because of the short-term nature of the contracts or their limited use, the company does not apply hedge accounting, and changes in the fair value of those contracts are reflected in current income. For the companys commodity trading activity and foreign currency exposures, gains and losses from derivative instruments are reported in current income. Interest rate swaps hedging a portion of the companys fixed-rate debt are accounted for as fair value hedges, whereas interest rate swaps relating to a portion of the companys floating-rate debt are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, with resulting gains and losses reflected in income. Where Chevron is a party to master netting arrangements, fair value receivable and payable amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty are offset on the balance sheet.
Short-Term Investments All short-term investments are classified as available for sale and are in highly liquid debt securities. Those investments that are part of the companys cash management portfolio and have original maturities of three months or less are reported as Cash equivalents. The balance of the short-term investments is reported as Marketable securities and is marked-to-market, with any unrealized gains or losses included in Other comprehensive income.
Inventories Crude oil, petroleum products and chemicals are generally stated at cost, using a Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) method. In the aggregate, these costs are below market. Materials, supplies and other inventories generally are stated at average cost.
legal obligation associated with the retirement of a long-lived asset and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Refer also to Note 24, beginning on page FS-58, relating to AROs.
Goodwill Goodwill resulting from a business combination is not subject to amortization. As required by FASB Statement No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, the company tests such goodwill at the reporting unit level for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.
Environmental Expenditures Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing operations or to conditions caused by past operations are expensed. Expenditures that create future benefits or contribute to future revenue generation are capitalized.
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Currency Translation The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for substantially all of the companys consolidated operations and those of its equity affiliates. For those operations, all gains and losses from currency translations are currently included in income. The cumulative translation effects for those few entities, both consolidated and affiliated, using functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are included in the currency translation adjustment in Stockholders Equity.
Revenue Recognition Revenues associated with sales of crude oil, natural gas, coal, petroleum and chemicals products, and all other sources are recorded when title passes to the customer, net of royalties, discounts and allowances, as applicable. Revenues from natural gas production from properties in which Chevron has an interest with other producers are generally recognized on the basis of the companys net working interest (entitlement method). Excise, value-added and similar taxes assessed by a governmental authority on a revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer are presented on a gross basis. The associated amounts are shown as a footnote to the Consolidated Statement of Income on page FS-27. Refer to Note 14, on page FS-43, for a discussion of the accounting for buy/sell arrangements.
Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation The company issues stock options and other share-based compensation to its employees and accounts for these transactions under the provisions of FASB Statement No. 123R, Share-Based Payment (FAS 123R). For equity awards, such as stock options, total compensation cost is based on the grant date fair value and for liability awards, such as stock appreciation rights, total compensation cost is based on the settlement
Note 2
Information Relating to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
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Note 3
Note 4
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Note 5
There were no restrictions on CTCs ability to pay dividends or make loans or advances at December 31, 2008.
Note 6
Note 7
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are reported as either Sales and other operating revenues or Purchased crude oil and products, whereas trading gains and losses are reported as Other income.
Interest Rates The company enters into interest rate swaps from time to time as part of its overall strategy to manage the interest rate risk on its debt. Under the terms of the swaps, net cash settlements are based on the difference between fixed-rate and floating-rate interest amounts calculated by reference to agreed notional principal amounts. Interest rate swaps related to a portion of the companys fixed-rate debt are accounted for as fair value hedges.
Fair Value Fair values are derived from quoted market prices, other independent third-party quotes or, if not available, the present value of the expected cash flows. The fair values reflect the cash that would have been received or paid if the instruments were settled at year-end.
Concentrations of Credit Risk The companys financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of its cash equivalents, marketable securities, derivative financial instruments and trade receivables. The companys short-term investments are placed with a wide array of financial institutions with high credit ratings. This diversified investment policy limits the companys exposure both to credit risk and to concentrations of credit risk. Similar standards of diversity and creditworthiness are applied to the companys counterparties in derivative instruments.
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company uses to value an asset or a liability. The three levels of the fair-value hierarchy are described as follows:
The fair-value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value at December 31, 2008, is as follows:
Assets and Liabilities Measured atFair Value on a Recurring Basis
Marketable securities The company calculates fair value for its marketable securities based on quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities.
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projects and approves major changes to the annual capital and exploratory budgets. However, business-unit managers within the operating segments are directly responsible for decisions relating to project implementation and all other matters connected with daily operations. Company officers who are members of the Executive Committee also have individual management responsibilities and participate in other committees for purposes other than acting as the CODM.
Segment Earnings The company evaluates the performance of its operating segments on an after-tax basis, without considering the effects of debt financing interest expense or investment interest income, both of which are managed by the company on a worldwide basis. Corporate administrative costs and assets are not allocated to the operating segments. However, operating segments are billed for the direct use of corporate services. Nonbillable costs remain at the corporate level in All Other. After-tax segment income by major operating area is presented in the following table:
Segment Assets Segment assets do not include intercompany investments or intercompany receivables. Segment assets at year-end 2008 and 2007 are as follows:
Segment Sales and Other Operating Revenues Operating segment sales and other operating revenues, including internal transfers, for the years 2008, 2007 and 2006 are presented in the table on the following page. Products are transferred between operating segments at internal product values that approximate market prices.
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Other than the United States, no single country accounted for 10 percent or more of the companys total sales and other operating revenues in 2008.
Segment Income Taxes Segment income tax expense for the years 2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
Other Segment Information Additional information for the segmentation of major equity affiliates is contained in Note 12, beginning on page FS-41. Information related to properties, plant and equipment by segment is contained in Note 13, on page FS-43.
Rental expenses incurred for operating leases during 2008, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
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Note 11Restructuring and Reorganization Costs
Note 12Investments and Advances
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Petropiar Chevron has a 30 percent interest in Petropiar, a joint stock company formed in 2008 to operate the Hamaca heavy oil production and upgrading project. The project, located in Venezuelas Orinoco Belt, has a 25-year contract term. Prior to the formation of Petropiar, Chevron had a 30 percent interest in the Hamaca project. At December 31, 2008, the companys carrying value of its investment in Petropiar was approximately $250 less than the amount of underlying equity in Petropiar net assets. The difference represents the excess of Chevrons underlying equity in Petropiars net assets over the net book value of the assets contributed to the venture.
Petroboscan Chevron has a 39 percent interest in Petroboscan, a joint stock company formed in 2006 to operate the Boscan Field in Venezuela until 2026. Chevron previously operated the field under an operating service agreement. At December 31, 2008, the companys carrying value of its investment in Petroboscan was approximately $290 higher than the amount of underlying equity in Petroboscan net assets. The difference reflects the excess of the net book value of the assets contributed by Chevron over its underlying equity in Petroboscans net assets.
Angola LNG Ltd. Chevron has a 36 percent interest in Angola LNG Ltd., which will process and liquefy natural gas produced in Angola for delivery to international markets.
GS Caltex Corporation Chevron owns 50 percent of GS Caltex Corporation, a joint venture with GS Holdings. The joint venture imports, refines and markets petroleum products and petrochemicals, predominantly in South Korea.
Caspian Pipeline Consortium Chevron has a 15 percent interest in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, which provides the critical export route for crude oil from both TCO and Karachaganak.
Star Petroleum Refining Company Ltd. Chevron has a 64 percent equity ownership interest in Star Petroleum Refining Company Ltd. (SPRC), which owns the Star Refinery in Thailand. The Petroleum Authority of Thailand owns the remaining 36 percent of SPRC.
Escravos Gas-to-Liquids Chevron Nigeria Limited (CNL) has a 75 percent interest in Escravos Gas-to-Liquids (EGTL) with the other 25 percent of the joint venture owned by Nigeria National Petroleum Company. Until December 1, 2008, Sasol Ltd. provided 50 percent of CNLs funding require-
Caltex Australia Ltd. Chevron has a 50 percent equity ownership interest in Caltex Australia Ltd. (CAL). The remaining 50 percent of CAL is publicly owned. At December 31, 2008, the fair value of Chevrons share of CAL common stock was approximately $670. The decline in value below the companys carrying value of $723 million at the end of 2008 was deemed temporary.
Colonial Pipeline Company Chevron owns an approximate 23 percent equity interest in the Colonial Pipeline Company. The Colonial Pipeline system runs from Texas to New Jersey and transports petroleum products in a 13-state market. At December 31, 2008, the companys carrying value of its investment in Colonial Pipeline was approximately $560 higher than the amount of underlying equity in Colonial Pipeline net assets. This difference primarily relates to purchase price adjustments from the acquisition of Unocal Corporation.
Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC Chevron owns 50 percent of Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC (CPChem), with the other half owned by ConocoPhillips Corporation.
Dynegy Inc. In 2007, Chevron sold its 19 percent common stock investment in Dynegy Inc., for approximately $940, resulting in a gain of $680.
Other Information Sales and other operating revenues on the Consolidated Statement of Income includes $15,390, $11,555 and $9,582 with affiliated companies for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Purchased crude oil and products includes $6,850, $5,464 and $4,222 with affiliated companies for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
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Note 13Properties, Plant and Equipment
Note 14Accounting for Buy/Sell Contracts
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Note 15
Litigation
RFG Patent Fourteen purported class actions were brought by consumers who purchased reformulated gasoline (RFG) from January 1995 through August 2005, alleging that Unocal misled the California Air Resources Board into adopting standards for composition of RFG that overlapped with Unocals undisclosed and pending patents. The parties agreed to a settlement that calls for, among other things, Unocal to pay $48 and for the establishment of a cy pres fund to administer payout of the award. The court approved the final settlement in November 2008.
Ecuador Chevron is a defendant in a civil lawsuit before the Superior Court of Nueva Loja in Lago Agrio, Ecuador, brought in May 2003 by plaintiffs who claim to be representatives of certain residents of an area where an oil production consortium formerly had operations. The lawsuit alleges damage to the environment from the oil exploration and production operations, and seeks unspecified damages to fund environmental remediation and restoration of the alleged environmental harm, plus a health monitoring program. Until 1992, Texaco Petroleum Company (Texpet), a subsidiary of Texaco Inc., was a minority member of this consortium with Petroecuador, the Ecuadorian state-owned
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Note 16Taxes
Income Taxes
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2009 through 2032. Foreign tax credit carryforwards of $4,784 will expire between 2009 and 2018.
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Taxes Other Than on Income
Note 17
Short-Term Debt
Redeemable long-term obligations consist primarily of tax-exempt variable-rate put bonds that are included as current liabilities because they become redeemable at the option of the bondholders within one year following the balance sheet date.
The company periodically enters into interest rate swaps on a portion of its short-term debt. See Note 7, beginning on page FS-36, for information concerning the companys debt-related derivative activities.
At December 31, 2008, the company had $4,950 of committed credit facilities with banks worldwide, which permit
Note 18
Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt of $1,221 matures as follows: 2009 $429; 2010 $64; 2011 $47; 2012 $33; 2013 $41; and after 2013 $607.
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Note 19
FASB Staff Position FAS 141(R)-a Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination (FSP FAS 141(R)-a) In February 2009, the FASB approved for issuance FSP FAS 141(R)-a, which became effective for business combinations having an acquisition date on or after January 1, 2009. This standard requires an asset or liability arising from a contingency in a business combination to be recognized at fair value if fair value can be reasonably determined. If it cannot be reasonably determined then the asset or liability will need to be recognized in accordance with FASB Statement No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies, and FASB Interpretation No. 14, Reasonable Estimation of the Amount of the Loss.
FASB Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51 (FAS 160) The FASB issued FAS 160 in December 2007, which became effective for the company January 1, 2009, with retroactive adoption of the Standards presentation and disclosure requirements for existing minority interests. This standard requires ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent to be presented within the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheet but separate from the parents equity. It also requires the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and the noncontrolling interest to be clearly identified and presented on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Income. Certain changes in a parents ownership interest are to be accounted for as equity transactions and when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any noncontrolling equity investment in the former subsidiary is to be initially measured at fair value. Implementation of FAS 160 will not significantly change the presentation of the companys Consolidated Statement of Income or Consolidated Balance Sheet.
FASB Staff Position FAS 132(R)-1, Employers Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets (FSP FAS 132(R)-1) In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 132(R)-1, which becomes effective with the companys reporting at December 31, 2009. This standard amends and expands the disclosure requirements on the plan assets of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans to provide users of financial statements with an understanding of: how investment allocation decisions are made; the major categories of plan assets; the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets; the effect of fair-value measurements using significant unobservable inputs on changes in plan assets for the period; and significant concentrations of risk within plan assets. The company does not prefund its other postretirement plan obligations, and the effect on the companys disclosures for its pension plan assets as a result of the adoption of FSP FAS 132(R)-1 will depend on the companys plan assets at that time.
Note 20
Accounting for Suspended Exploratory Wells
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The following table provides an aging of capitalized well costs and the number of projects for which exploratory well costs have been capitalized for a period greater than one year since the completion of drilling.
Of the $1,559 of exploratory well costs capitalized for more than one year at December 31, 2008, $874 (27 projects) is related to projects that had drilling activities under way or firmly planned for the near future. An additional $279 (four projects) is related to projects that had drilling activity during 2008. The $406 balance is related to 19 projects in areas requiring a major capital expenditure before production could begin and for which additional drilling efforts were not under way or firmly planned for the near future. Additional drilling was not deemed necessary because the presence of hydrocarbons had already been established, and other activities were in process to enable a future decision on project development.
Note 21
Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation
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Chevron Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) Awards under the LTIP may take the form of, but are not limited to, stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance units and nonstock grants. From April 2004 through January 2014, no more than 160 million shares may be issued under the LTIP, and no more than 64 million of those shares may be in a form other than a stock option, stock appreciation right or award requiring full payment for shares by the award recipient.
Texaco Stock Incentive Plan (Texaco SIP) On the closing of the acquisition of Texaco in October 2001, outstanding options granted under the Texaco SIP were converted to Chevron options. These options, which have 10-year contractual lives extending into 2011, retained a provision for being restored. This provision enables a participant who exercises a stock option to receive new options equal to the number of shares exchanged or who has shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations to receive new options equal to the number of shares exchanged or withheld. The restored options are fully exercisable six months after the date of grant, and the exercise price is the market value of the common stock on the day the restored option is granted. Beginning in 2007, restored options were granted under the LTIP. No further awards may be granted under the former Texaco plans.
Unocal Share-Based Plans (Unocal Plans) When Chevron acquired Unocal in August 2005, outstanding stock options and stock appreciation rights granted under various Unocal Plans were exchanged for fully vested Chevron options and appreciation rights. These awards retained the same provisions as the original Unocal Plans. If not exercised, these awards will expire between early 2009 and early 2015.
A summary of option activity during 2008 is presented below:
The total intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the exercise price and the market price) of options exercised during 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $433, $423 and $281, respectively. During this period, the company continued its practice of issuing treasury shares upon exercise of these awards.
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As of December 31, 2008, there was $179 of total unrecognized before-tax compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted or restored under the plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
At January 1, 2008, the number of LTIP performance units outstanding was equivalent to 2,225,015 shares. During 2008, 888,300 units were granted, 652,897 units vested with cash proceeds distributed to recipients and 59,863 units were forfeited. At December 31, 2008, units outstanding were 2,400,555, and the fair value of the liability recorded for these instruments was $201. In addition, outstanding stock appreciation rights and other awards that were granted under various LTIP and former Texaco and Unocal programs totaled approximately 1.4 million equivalent shares as of December 31, 2008. A liability of $35 was recorded for these awards.
Broad-Based Employee Stock Options In addition to the plans described above, Chevron granted all eligible employees stock options or equivalents in 1998. The options vested in February 2000 and expired in February 2008. A total of 9,641,600 options were awarded with an exercise price of $38.16 per share.
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Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for the companys pension and other postretirement benefit plans at December 31, 2008 and 2007, include:
Amounts recognized on a before-tax basis in Accumulated other comprehensive loss for the companys pension and OPEB postretirement plans were $5,831 and $2,990 at the end of 2008 and 2007. These amounts consisted of:
The accumulated benefit obligations for all U.S. and international pension plans were $7,376 and $3,273, respectively, at December 31, 2008, and $7,712 and $4,000, respectively, at December 31, 2007.
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The components of net periodic benefit cost for 2008, 2007 and 2006 and amounts recognized in other comprehensive income for 2008 and 2007 are shown in the table below. For 2008 and 2007, changes in pension plan assets and benefit obligations were recognized as changes in other comprehensive income.
Net actuarial losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2008, for the companys U.S. pension, international pension and OPEB plans are being amortized on a straight-line basis over approximately 10, 13 and 10 years, respectively. These amortization periods represent the estimated average remaining service of employees expected to receive benefits under the plans. These losses are amortized to the extent they exceed 10 percent of the higher of the projected benefit obligation or market-related value of plan assets. The amount subject to amortization is determined on a plan-by-plan basis. During 2009, the company estimates actuarial losses of $298, $103 and $28 will be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss for U.S. pension, international pension and OPEB plans, respectively. In
addition, the company estimates an additional $201 will be recognized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss during 2009 related to lump-sum settlement costs from U.S. pension plans.
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Assumptions The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic benefit costs for years ended December 31:
Discount Rate The discount rate assumptions used to determine U.S. and international pension and postretirement benefit plan obligations and expense reflect the prevailing rates available on high-quality, fixed-income debt instruments. At December 31, 2008, the company selected a 6.3 percent discount rate for the major U.S. pension and postretirement plans. This rate was based on a cash flow analysis that matched estimated future benefit payments to the Citigroup Pension Discount Yield Curve as of year-end 2008. The discount rates at the end of 2007 and 2006 were 6.3 percent and 5.8 percent, respectively.
Plan Assets and Investment Strategy The companys pension plan weighted-average asset allocations at December 31 by asset category are as follows:
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Cash Contributions and Benefit Payments In 2008, the company contributed $577 and $262 to its U.S. and international pension plans, respectively. In 2009, the company expects contributions to be approximately $550 and $250 to its U.S. and international pension plans, respectively. Actual contribution amounts are dependent upon plan-investment returns, changes in pension obligations, regulatory environments and other economic factors. Additional funding may ultimately be required if investment returns are insufficient to offset increases in plan obligations.
The company anticipates paying other postretirement benefits of approximately $209 in 2009, as compared with $188 paid in 2008.
Employee Savings Investment Plan Eligible employees of Chevron and certain of its subsidiaries participate in the Chevron Employee Savings Investment Plan (ESIP).
Employee Stock Ownership Plan Within the Chevron ESIP is an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP). In 1989, Chevron established a LESOP as a constituent part of the ESOP. The LESOP provides partial prefunding of the companys future commitments to the ESIP.
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Benefit Plan Trusts Prior to its acquisition by Chevron, Texaco established a benefit plan trust for funding obligations under some of its benefit plans. At year-end 2008, the trust contained 14.2 million shares of Chevron treasury stock. The trust will sell the shares or use the dividends from the shares to pay benefits only to the extent that the company does not pay such benefits. The company intends to continue to pay its obligations under the benefit plans. The trustee will vote the shares held in the trust as instructed by the trusts beneficiaries. The shares held in the trust are not considered outstanding for earnings-per-share purposes until distributed or sold by the trust in payment of benefit obligations.
Employee Incentive Plans Effective January 2008, the company established the Chevron Incentive Plan (CIP), a single annual cash bonus plan for eligible employees that links awards to corporate, unit and individual performance in the prior year. This plan replaced other cash bonus programs, which primarily included the Management Incentive Plan (MIP) and the Chevron Success Sharing program. In 2008, charges to expense for cash bonuses were $757. Charges to expense for MIP were $184 and $180 in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Charges for other cash bonus programs were $431 and $329 in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Chevron also has a Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) for officers and other regular salaried employees of the company and its subsidiaries who hold positions of significant responsibility. Awards under LTIP consist of stock options and other share-based compensation that are described in Note 21 on page FS-49.
Note 23
Guarantees The company has issued a guarantee of approximately $600 associated with certain payments under a terminal use agreement entered into by a company affiliate. The terminal is expected to be operational by 2012. Over the approximate 16-year term of the guarantee, the maximum guarantee amount will reduce over time as certain fees are paid by the affiliate. There are numerous cross-indemnity agreements with the affiliate and the other partners to permit recovery of any amounts paid under the guarantee. Chevron carries no liability for its obligation under this guarantee.
Indemnifications The company provided certain indemnities of contingent liabilities of Equilon and Motiva to Shell and Saudi Refining, Inc., in connection with the February 2002 sale of the companys interests in those investments. The company would be required to perform if the indemnified liabilities become actual losses. Were that to occur, the company could be required to make future payments up to $300. Through the end of 2008, the company paid $48 under these indemnities and continues to be obligated for possible additional indemnification payments in the future.
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Securitization During 2008, the company terminated the program used to securitize downstream-related trade accounts receivable. At year-end 2007, the balance of securitized receivables was $675 million. As of December 31, 2008, the company had no other securitization arrangements in place.
Long-Term Unconditional Purchase Obligations and Commitments, Including Throughput and Take-or-Pay Agreements The company and its subsidiaries have certain other contingent liabilities relating to long-term unconditional purchase obligations and commitments, including throughput and take-or-pay agreements, some of which relate to suppliers financing arrangements. The agreements typically provide goods and services, such as pipeline and storage capacity, drilling rigs, utilities, and petroleum products, to be used or sold in the ordinary course of the companys business. The aggregate approximate amounts of required payments under these various commitments are: 2009 $6,405; 2010 $3,964; 2011 $3,578; 2012 $1,473; 2013 $1,329; 2014 and after $4,333. A portion of these commitments may ultimately be shared with project partners. Total payments under the agreements were approximately $5,100 in 2008 $3,700 in 2007 and $3,000 in 2006.
Minority Interests The company has commitments of $469 related to minority interests in subsidiary companies.
Environmental The company is subject to loss contingencies pursuant to environmental laws and regulations that in the future may require the company to take action to correct or ameliorate the effects on the environment of prior release of chemicals or petroleum substances, including MTBE, by the company or other parties. Such contingencies may exist for various sites, including, but not limited to, federal Superfund sites and analogous sites under state laws, refineries, crude oil fields, service stations, terminals, land development areas, and mining operations, whether operating, closed or divested. These future costs are not fully determinable due to such factors as the unknown magnitude of possible contamination,
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Equity Redetermination For oil and gas producing operations, ownership agreements may provide for periodic reassessments of equity interests in estimated crude oil and natural gas reserves. These activities, individually or together, may result in gains or losses that could be material to earnings in any given period. One such equity redetermination process has been under way since 1996 for Chevrons interests in four producing zones at the Naval Petroleum Reserve at Elk Hills, California, for the time when the remaining interests in these zones were owned by the U.S. Department of Energy. A wide range remains for a possible net settlement amount for the four zones. For this range of settlement, Chevron estimates its maximum possible net before-tax liability at approximately $200, and the possible maximum net amount that could be owed to Chevron is estimated at about $150. The timing of the settlement and the exact amount within this range of estimates are uncertain.
Other Contingencies Chevron receives claims from and submits claims to customers; trading partners; U.S. federal, state and local regulatory bodies; governments; contractors; insurers; and suppliers. The amounts of these claims, individually and in the aggregate, may be significant and take lengthy periods to resolve.
Note 24
Asset Retirement Obligations
In the table above, the amounts associated with Revisions in estimated cash flows reflect increasing costs to abandon onshore and offshore wells, equipment and facilities, including an aggregate of $1,804 for 2006 through 2008 for the estimated costs to dismantle and abandon wells and facilities damaged by hurricanes in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico in 2005 and 2008. The long-term portion of the $9,395 balance at the end of 2008 was $8,588.
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The excess of replacement cost over the carrying value of inventories for which the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) method is used was $9,368 and $6,958 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Replacement cost is generally based on average acquisition costs for the year. LIFO profits of $210, $113 and $82 were included in net income for the years 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
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Five-Year Financial SummaryUnaudited
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In accordance with FAS 69, Disclosures About Oil and Gas Producing Activities, this section provides supplemental information on oil and gas exploration and producing activities of the company in seven separate tables. Tables I through IV provide historical cost information pertaining to costs incurred in exploration, property acquisitions and development; capitalized costs; and results of operations. Tables V
through VII present information on the companys estimated net proved reserve quantities, standardized measure of estimated discounted future net cash flows related to proved reserves, and changes in estimated discounted future net cash flows. The Africa geographic area includes activities principally in Nigeria, Angola, Chad, Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Asia-Pacific
Table I Costs Incurred in Exploration, Property Acquisitions and Development1
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geographic area includes activities principally in Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, China, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, the Partitioned Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, the Philippines, and Thailand. The international Other geographic category includes activities in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, the United Kingdom, and
other countries. Amounts for TCO represent Chevrons 50 percent equity share of Tengizchevroil, an exploration and production partnership in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The affiliated companies Other amounts are composed of the companys equity interests in Venezuela, Angola and Russia. Refer to Note 12 beginning on page FS-41 for a discussion of the companys major equity affiliates.
Table II - Capitalized Costs Related to Oil and Gas Producing Activities
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The companys results of operations from oil and gas producing activities for the years 2008, 2007 and 2006 are shown in the following table. Net income from exploration and production activities as reported on page FS-39 reflects income taxes computed on an effective rate basis.
In accordance with FAS 69, income taxes in Table III are based on statutory tax rates, reflecting allowable deductions and tax credits. Interest income and expense are excluded from the results reported in Table III and from the net income amounts on page FS-39.
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Table V Reserve Quantity Information
Reserves Governance The company has adopted a comprehensive reserves and resource classification system modeled after a system developed and approved by the Society of Petroleum Engineers, the World Petroleum Congress and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. The system classifies recoverable hydrocarbons into six categories based on their status at the time of reporting three deemed commercial and three noncommercial. Within the commercial classification are proved reserves and two categories of unproved: probable and possible. The noncommercial categories are also referred to as contingent resources. For reserves estimates to be classified as proved, they must meet all SEC and company standards.
Due to the inherent uncertainties and the limited nature of reservoir data, estimates of reserves are subject to change as additional information becomes available.
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During the year, the RAC is represented in meetings with each of the companys upstream business units to review and discuss reserve changes recommended by the various asset teams. Major changes are also reviewed with the companys Strategy and Planning Committee and the Executive Committee, whose members include the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer. The companys annual reserve activity is also reviewed with the Board of Directors. If major changes to reserves were to occur between the annual reviews, those matters would also be discussed with the Board.
each contained between 1 percent and 5 percent of the companys oil-equivalent proved reserves, which in the aggregate accounted for approximately 40 percent of the companys total proved reserves. These properties were geographically dispersed, located in the United States, South America, West Africa, the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region.
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Net Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Condensate and Natural Gas Liquids
Information on Canadian Oil Sands Net Proved Reserves Not Included Above:
Noteworthy amounts in the categories of liquids proved-reserve changes for 2006 through 2008 are discussed below:
lion barrels in Indonesia and 27 million barrels in Thailand. In Indonesia, the increase was the result of infill drilling and improved steamflood and waterflood performance.
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year-end prices. Higher prices also resulted in downward revisions in Karachaganak and Azerbaijan. For equity affiliates, most of the upward revision was related to a 92 million-barrel increase for TCOs Tengiz Field and an 11 million-barrel increase for Petroboscan in Venezuela, both as a result of improved reservoir performance. At TCO, the upward revision was tempered by the negative impact of higher year-end prices.
was related to gas reinjection in Kazakhstan. Affiliated companies increased reserves 10 million barrels due to improved secondary recovery at Boscan.
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Net Proved Reserves of Natural Gas
Noteworthy amounts in the categories of natural gas proved-reserve changes for 2006 through 2008 are discussed below: RevisionsIn 2006, revisions accounted for a net increase of 481 billion cubic feet (BCF) for consolidated companies and 26 BCF for affiliates. For consolidated companies, net increases of 511 BCF internationally were partially offset by a 30 BCF downward revision in the United States. Drilling and development activities added 337 BCF of reserves in Thailand, while Kazakhstan added 200 BCF, largely due to development activity. Trinidad and Tobago increased 185 BCF, attributable to improved reservoir performance and a
new contract for sales of natural gas. These additions were partially offset by downward revisions of 224 BCF in the United Kingdom and 130 BCF in Australia due to drilling results and reservoir performance. U.S. Other had a downward revision of 102 BCF due to reservoir performance, which was partially offset by upward revisions of 72 BCF in the Gulf of Mexico and California related to reservoir performance and development drilling. TCO had an upward revision of 26 BCF associated with additional development activity and updated reservoir performance.
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ated companies by a net 73 BCF. For consolidated companies, net increases were 209 BCF in the United States and 186 BCF internationally. Improved reservoir performance for many fields in the United States contributed 130 BCF in the Other region, 40 BCF in California and 39 BCF in the Gulf of Mexico. Drilling activities added 360 BCF in Thailand and improved reservoir performance added 188 BCF in Trinidad and Tobago. These additions were partially offset by downward revisions of 185 BCF in Australia due to drilling results and 136 BCF in Nigeria due to field performance. Negative revisions due to the impact of higher prices were recorded in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. TCO had an upward revision of 75 BCF associated with improved reservoir performance and development activities. This upward revision was net of a negative impact due to higher year-end prices.
In 2007, purchases of natural gas reserves were 141 BCF for consolidated companies, which include the acquisition of an additional interest in the Bibiyana Field in Bangladesh. Affiliated company purchases of 211 BCF related to the formation of a new Hamaca equity affiliate in Venezuela and an initial booking related to the Angola LNG project.
Table VI Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Related to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
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The changes in present values between years, which can be significant, reflect changes in estimated proved-reserve quantities and prices and assumptions used in forecasting
production volumes and costs. Changes in the timing of production are included with Revisions of previous quantity estimates.
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E-2