Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
x Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2008
Or
o Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Transition Period from to
Commission file number: 001-33626
GENPACT LIMITED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Bermuda (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
98-0533350(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)
Canons Court
22 Victoria Street
Hamilton HM
Bermuda
(441) 295-2244
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrants principal executive office)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of accelerated filer, large accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer x
Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
The number of the registrants common shares, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of November 7, 2008 was 214,528,898.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item No.
Page No.
PART I
Financial Information
1.
Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008
1
Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008
3
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity and Comprehensive Income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008
4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008
6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
7
2.
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
21
3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
33
4T.
Controls and Procedures
PART II
Other Information
Legal Proceedings
34
1A.
Risk Factors
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Defaults upon Senior Securities
4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
5.
35
6.
Exhibits
SIGNATURES
36
i
Item 1. Financial Statements
GENPACT LIMITED AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
As of December 31,
As of September 30,
Notes
2007
2008
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$
279,306
303,060
Accounts receivable, net
99,354
147,698
Accounts receivable from a significant shareholder, net
93,307
84,739
Short term deposits with a significant shareholder
35,079
21,064
Deferred tax assets
16
9,683
31,615
Due from a significant shareholder
8,977
6,305
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
146,155
116,617
Total current assets
671,861
711,098
Property, plant and equipment, net
195,660
179,078
2,196
73,279
Investment in equity affiliate
197
810
Customer-related intangible assets, net
8
99,257
66,042
Other intangible assets, net
10,375
6,431
Goodwill
601,120
552,433
Other assets
162,800
74,233
Total assets
1,743,466
1,663,404
See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Liabilities and shareholders equity
Current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt
19,816
24,512
Current portion of long-term debt from a significant shareholder
1,125
Current portion of capital lease obligations
38
360
Current portion of capital lease obligations payable to a significant shareholder
1,826
1,554
Accounts payable
12,446
10,031
Income taxes payable
7,035
29,064
Deferred tax liabilities
20,561
988
Due to a significant shareholder
8,930
3,953
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
197,298
306,293
Total current liabilities
269,075
376,755
Long-term debt, less current portion
100,041
79,562
Long-term debt from a significant shareholder, less current portion
2,740
Capital lease obligations, less current portion
137
1,503
Capital lease obligations payable to a significant shareholder, less current portion
2,969
2,415
40,738
9,909
8,341
6,251
Other liabilities
65,630
242,344
Total liabilities
489,671
718,739
Minority interest
3,066
1,918
Shareholders equity
Preferred shares, $0.01 par value, 250,000,000 authorized, none issued
Common shares, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 authorized, 212,101,874 and 214,528,898 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively
2,121
2,145
Additional paid-in capital
1,000,179
1,025,842
Retained earnings
26,469
104,613
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
221,960
(189,853
)
Total shareholders equity
1,250,729
942,747
Commitments and contingencies
Total liabilities, minority interest and shareholders equity
2
Consolidated Statements of Income
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
Net revenues
Net revenues from services significant shareholder
17
122,981
123,504
368,214
363,678
Net revenues from services others
91,678
147,278
221,908
395,286
Other revenues
110
1,492
37
Total net revenues
2(f)
214,769
270,799
591,614
759,001
Cost of revenue
Services
2(f),13,17
122,564
155,765
351,098
448,938
Others
13
99
1,133
Total cost of revenue
122,663
352,231
Gross profit
92,106
115,034
239,383
310,063
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses
2(f),14,17
59,036
71,175
159,711
199,943
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
9,358
8,974
27,987
28,799
Other operating (income) expense, net
(810
(1,443
(2,533
(1,507
Income from operations
24,522
36,328
54,218
82,828
Foreign exchange (gains), net
(1,029
(1,557
(1,485
(7,390
Other income (expense), net
15,17
(619
3,263
(7,697
8,284
Income before share of equity in (earnings) loss of affiliate, minority interest and income tax expense
24,932
41,148
48,006
98,502
Equity in (gain) loss of affiliate
61
(37
141
282
2,062
1,859
5,754
7,841
Income taxes expense
6,486
5,692
16,849
12,235
Net Income
16,323
33,634
25,262
78,144
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders
12
12,736
(13,877
Earnings (loss) per common share -
Basic
0.07
0.16
(0.13
0.37
Diluted
0.15
0.36
Weighted average number of common shares used in computing earnings (loss) per common share -
186,839,059
214,182,308
108,173,821
213,127,131
195,698,132
219,350,826
218,550,988
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands, except share data)
Treasury stock
2% Cumulative Series A
5% Cumulative Series B
Accumulated
Series A
convertible preferred stock
Common shares
Additional
Other
Preferred
Total
No. of
Paid-in
Retained
Comprehensive
Common
stock
Shareholders
shares
Amount
Capital
Earnings
Income (loss)
shares (No.)
(No.)
Equity
Balance as of January 1, 2007
3,077,868
95,414
3,017,868
93,554
71,390,738
714
494,325
5,978
(15,295
(3,628,130
(59,000
(49,995
624,695
Issuance of common share on exercise of options
433,645
1,597
1,601
Treasury Stock issued in business combination
8,045
1,442,315
15,220
23,265
Cancellation of shares held in treasury
(1,829
(2,185,815
(22
(32,924
2,185,815
59,000
34,7745
Repurchase and retirement of common share from employees
(106,007
(1
(1,709
(1,710
Repurchase and retirement of cumulative Series A convertible preferred stock from employees
(522
(16
(126
(142
Repurchase and retirement of cumulative Series B convertible preferred stock from employees
Accrual of dividend on preferred stock
35,932
(35,932
Other issuance of common shares
547
9
Effect of 2007 Reorganization
(3,018,346
(93,569
(3,017,346
(93,538
119,301,607
1,193
185,914
Issuance of common share through Initial public offering, net
22,941,177
229
294,282
294,511
Stock-based compensation expense (note 11)
8,909
Comprehensive income:
Net income
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedging derivatives, net
125,556
Currency translation adjustments
81,516
Comprehensive income (loss)
232,334
Balance as of September 30, 2007
211,775,892
2,117
994,128
(4,692
191,777
1,183,330
AdditionalPaid-in
AccumulatedOtherComprehensive
TotalShareholders
No. of shares
Income (Loss)
Balance as of January 1, 2008
212,101,874
$2,121
$1,000,179
$26,469
$221,960
$1,250,729
Issuance of common shares on exercise of options (including fringe benefit tax recovered)
2,427,024
24
13,020
13,044
Share-based compensation expense (Note 11)
12,643
$78,144
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivatives, net of taxes
(254,389
(157,424
$(333,669
Balance as of September 30, 2008
214,528,898
$2,145
$1,025,842
$104,613
$(189,853
$942,747
5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
Operating activities
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
34,948
41,700
Amortization of debt issue costs
658
491
28,758
29,522
Loss (gain) on sale of property, plant and equipment, net
(28
2,116
Provision for doubtful receivables
2,945
2,890
Provision for mortgage loans
1,551
542
Unrealized (gain) loss on revaluation of foreign currency asset/liability
694
(2,405
Equity in loss of affiliate
Share-based compensation expense
Deferred income taxes
(3,264
(13,926
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable
(43,497
(44,876
Increase in other assets
(9,064
(32,852
Decrease in accounts payable
(357
(1,814
Increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities
8,761
16,116
Increase in income taxes payable
12,383
21,934
Increase in other liabilities
5,672
9,615
Net cash provided by operating activities
80,226
127,963
Investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
(42,833
(45,935
Purchase of property, plant and equipment in assets acquisition
(7,015
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
2,923
6,219
Investment in affiliates
(455
(883
Short term deposits placed
(137,790
(193,171
Redemption of short term deposits
117,321
203,108
Payment for business acquisition, net of cash acquired
(14,771
Net cash used in investing activities
(75,605
(37,677
Financing activities
Repayment of capital lease obligations
(2,233
(2,273
Proceeds from long-term debt
1,525
Repayment of long-term debt
(16,076
(20,063
Short-term borrowings, net
(82,500
Repurchase of common shares and preferred stock
(1,994
Deferred IPO cost
(6,822
Proceeds from issuance of common shares on exercise of options
Proceeds from issuance of common shares from initial public offering
303,512
Payment to minority shareholders
(3,436
(8,864
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities
193,577
(18,156
Effect of exchange rate changes
19,200
(48,376
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
198,198
72,130
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
35,430
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
252,828
Supplementary information
Cash paid during the period for interest
11,169
4,750
Cash paid during the period for income taxes
10,659
27,377
Property, plant and equipment acquired under capital lease obligation
1,806
3,571
Shares issued for business acquisition
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Nature of Operations
(a) Organization
Genpact Limited (the Company) was incorporated in Bermuda on March 29, 2007 as a subsidiary of Genpact Global Holdings SICAR S.à.r.l. (GGH) with the intent of making it the new holding company of our business. On July 13, 2007, the Company effectuated a transaction that resulted in the shareholders of GGH exchanging their common stock in GGH for common shares of the Company, and the shareholders of Genpact Global (Lux) S.à.r.l. (GGL) exchanging their preferred and common stock in GGL for common shares of the Company. As a result, Genpact Limited became the owner of all the capital stock of GGL and GGH. This transaction and other related transactions commencing on this date are referred to as the 2007 Reorganization.
We use the terms Genpact, Company, we and us to refer to both GGH and its subsidiaries prior to July 13, 2007 and Genpact Limited and its subsidiaries after such date.
Prior to December 30, 2004, the business of the Company was conducted through various entities and divisions of the General Electric Company (GE). On December 30, 2004, in a series of transactions referred to as the 2004 Reorganization, GE transferred such operations to a newly formed entity, GGH.
(b) Nature of Operations
The Company is a leader in the globalization of services and technology and a pioneer in managing business processes for companies around the world. The Company combines its process expertise, information technology expertise and analytical capabilities, together with operational insight derived from its experience in diverse industries, to provide a wide range of services using its global delivery platform. The Companys service offerings include finance and accounting, collections and customer service, insurance services, supply chain and procurement, analytics, enterprise application services and IT infrastructure services. The Company delivers services from a global network of more than 30 locations in ten countries. The Companys service delivery locations, referred to as Delivery Centers, are in India, the United States (U.S.), China, Mexico, Romania, the Netherlands, Hungary, the Philippines, Spain and Guatemala.
2. Summary of significant accounting policies
(a) Basis of preparation and principles of consolidation
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for reporting on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include certain information and footnote disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual financial reporting and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that management considers necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for these periods. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year.
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis and reflect the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of Genpact Limited and all of its subsidiaries that are more than 50% owned and controlled. When the Company does not have a controlling interest in an entity, but exerts a significant influence on the entity, the Company applies the equity method of accounting. All inter-company transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.
The minority interest disclosed in the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements represents the minority partners interest in the operation of Genpact Netherlands B.V. and the profits associated with the minority partners interest in those operations. The minority partners are individually liable for the tax obligations on their share of profit and, accordingly, minority interest has been computed prior to tax and disclosed accordingly in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of income.
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of property, plant and equipment, the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, intangibles and goodwill, the provision for doubtful receivables and the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, valuation of derivative financial instruments, the measurements of share-based compensation, assets and obligations related to employee benefits, income tax uncertainties and other contingencies. Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements are reasonable. Although these estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates. Any changes in estimates are adjusted prospectively in the financial statements.
(c) Financial instruments and concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk are reflected principally in cash and cash equivalents, short term deposits, derivative financial instruments and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with corporations and banks with high investment grade ratings. Short term deposits are with GE, a significant shareholder, and with other financial institutions. To reduce its credit risk on accounts receivable, the Company performs an ongoing credit evaluation of customers. GE accounted for 48% and 36% of receivables as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively. GE accounted for 62% and 48% of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively, and for 57% and 46% of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
(d) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS No. 157). SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for the measurement of fair value and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. The statement does not require any new fair value measures but its provisions apply when fair value measurements are performed as required or permitted under other accounting pronouncements. In February 2008, the FASB approved FASB Staff Position No.157-2, Effective Date of FASB statement No. 157, which grants a one-year deferral of SFAS No. 157s fair-value measurement requirements for non-financial assets and liabilities, except for items that are measured or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities recognized at fair value on a recurring basis. The partial adoption of SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities did not have a material impact on the Companys financial position and results of operations. See note 5 for information and related disclosures regarding our fair value measurements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (SFAS No. 159). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to elect to measure many financial instruments and certain other eligible items at fair value. The issuance of SFAS No. 159 is expected to expand the use of fair value measurement in the preparation of financial statements. However, SFAS No. 159 does not affect any existing accounting literature that requires certain assets and liabilities to be carried at fair value. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 159. The Company has not elected to use fair value measurements under SFAS No. 159 with respect to any existing eligible instruments.
(e) Recently issued accounting pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (SFAS No. 141R), which is a revision of SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations. This Statement establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree; recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. The Company will be required to comply with the provisions of SFAS No. 141R for acquisitions made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 141R on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51 (SFAS No. 160). SFAS No. 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards that require (i) the ownership interest in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent to be clearly identified and presented in the consolidated balance sheet within equity, but separate from the parents equity, (ii) the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and the non-controlling interest to be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statement of income, and (iii) changes in a parents ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling financial interest in its subsidiary to be accounted for consistently. SFAS No. 160 applies to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 160 on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (SFAS No. 161). SFAS No. 161 requires enhanced disclosures about an entitys derivative instruments and hedging activities with a view toward improving the transparency of financial reporting. SFAS No. 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged, however does not require comparative disclosures for earlier periods at initial adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 161 on its consolidated financial statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets (FSP FAS No. 142-3). FSP FAS No. 142-3 amends the factors an entity should consider in developing renewal or extension assumptions used in determining the useful life of recognized intangible assets under FASB Statement No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. This new guidance applies prospectively to intangible assets that are acquired individually or with a group of other assets in business combinations and asset acquisitions. FSP FAS No. 142-3 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FSP FAS No. 142-3 on its consolidated financial statements.
(f) Reclassification
Certain reclassifications have been made in the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of prior periods to conform to the classification used in the current period.
In the second quarter of 2008, the Company reclassified certain amounts relating to the effective portion of the (gains) losses on foreign currency derivative contracts in order to more clearly reflect the Companys costs, including the impact of its foreign exchange hedging strategy. Such (gains) losses have been reclassified from Foreign exchange (gains) losses, net to the underlying hedged item and disclosed within Income from operations as part of Total net revenues, Cost of revenue or Selling, general and administrative expenses, as applicable. Further, Foreign exchange (gains) losses, net have been reclassified from operating income to non-operating income, and disclosed separately, and include the ineffective portion of the (gains) losses on foreign currency derivative contracts as well as all other foreign exchange (gains) losses.
Three months ended September 30, 2007
Nine months ended September 30, 2007
As Originallyreported
As Reclassified
214,562
591,035
133,090
371,489
81,472
219,546
62,850
167,002
Foreign exchange (gains) losses, net
(15,476
(28,613
25,551
55,703
3. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008 are comprised of the following:
As of December 31, 2007
As of September 30, 2008
Deposits with banks
218,824
251,475
Other cash and bank balances
60,482
51,585
4. Accounts receivable, net of provision for doubtful receivables
Accounts receivable were $198,166 and $240,085, and provision for doubtful receivables was $5,505 and $7,648, resulting in net accounts receivable balances of $192,661 and $232,437, as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively.
Accounts receivable from a significant shareholder, GE, were $95,018 and $86,983, and provision for doubtful receivables was $1,711 and $2,244, resulting in net accounts receivable balances of $93,307 and $84,739, as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively.
5. Financial Instruments
The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, including derivative instruments and loans held for sale. The fair value measurements of these derivative instruments and loans held for sale were determined using the following inputs as of September 30, 2008:
10
5. Financial Instruments (continued)
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Quoted Prices inActive Markets forIdentical Assets
Significant OtherObservableInputs
SignificantunobservableInputs
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
Derivative Instruments (Note a)
4,570
Loans held for sale (Note a)
1,221
1,121
5,791
Liabilities
Derivative Instruments (Note b)
252,086
(a) Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
(b) Included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Following is the reconciliation of loans held for sale which have been measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs:
Three months endedSeptember 30, 2008
Nine months endedSeptember 30, 2008
Opening balance, net
1,265
1,743
Impact of fair value included in earnings (Note 9)
(44
Closing balance
6. Derivative financial instruments
The Company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations on foreign currency assets and foreign currency denominated forecasted cash flows. The Company has established risk management policies, including the use of derivative financial instruments to hedge foreign currency assets and foreign currency denominated forecasted cash flows. These derivative financial instruments are largely forward foreign exchange contracts. The counterparties are banks and the Company considers the risks of non-performance by the counterparties as non-material. The forward foreign exchange contracts mature between one and thirty-nine months and the forecasted transactions are expected to occur during the same period.
The following table presents the aggregate notional principal amounts of the outstanding derivative financial instruments together with the related balance sheet exposure:
11
6. Derivative financial instruments (continued)
Notional principal amounts as of (Note a)
Balance sheet exposure asset(liability) as of (Note b)
December 31,2007
September 30, 2008
Foreign exchange forward contracts denominated in:
United States Dollars (sell) Indian Rupees (buy)
1,867,500
2,444,000
154,736
(237,816
United States Dollars (sell) Mexican Peso (buy)
24,500
28,000
608
(234
United States Dollars (sell) Philippines Peso (buy)
9,400
3,000
421
(287
Euro (sell) United States Dollars (buy)
6,237
228
Euro (buy) United States Dollars (sell)
23,033
(1,051
Euro (sell) Hungarian Forints (buy)
30,406
23,137
1,650
1,846
Euro (sell) Romanian Leu (buy)
119,024
87,722
(9,163
(8,332
Japanese Yen (sell) Chinese Renminbi (buy)
27,164
40,693
1,567
(2,981
Pound Sterling (sell) United States Dollars (buy)
51,053
18,644
558
985
Australian Dollars (sell) United States Dollars (buy)
3,485
126
Interest rate swaps (floating to fixed)
30,000
40
150,417
(247,516
(a) Notional amounts are key elements of derivative financial instrument agreements, but do not represent the amount exchanged by counterparties and do not measure the Companys exposure to credit or market risks. However, the amounts exchanged are based on the notional amounts and other provisions of the underlying derivative financial instruments agreements.
(b) Balance sheet exposure is denominated in U.S. Dollars and denotes the mark-to-market impact of the derivative financial instruments on the reporting date.
In connection with cash flow hedges, the Company has recorded as a component of accumulated and other comprehensive income within shareholders equity a gain (loss) of $116,256, and $(138,133), net of taxes, as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively.
7. Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:
Property, plant and equipment, gross
314,087
315,353
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(118,427
(136,275
Property, plant, and equipment, net
Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $25,891 and $26,782, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $8,689 and $9,322, respectively. The amount of computer software amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $7,006 and $12,981, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $2,660 and $3,221, respectively.
The above depreciation and amortization expense includes the effect of reclassification of foreign exchange (gains) losses related to the effective portion of the foreign currency derivative contracts amounting to $(2,051) and $(1,937) for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively, and $(1,090) and $(205) for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
8. Goodwill and intangible assets
The following table presents the changes in goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2007 and the nine months ended September 30, 2008:
Yearended December 31, 2007
Nine monthsended September 30, 2008
Opening balance
493,452
Goodwill relating to acquisitions consummated during the period
44,757
Additional goodwill representing contingent consideration in Genpact Netherlands B.V. (ICE)
23,539
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations
62,911
(72,226
The total amount of goodwill expected to be deductible for tax purposes is $20,404 and $18,835 as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively.
The Companys other intangible assets acquired either individually or with a group of other assets or in a business combination are as follows:
Grosscarryingamount
Accumulatedamortization
Net
Customer-related intangible assets
232,190
132,933
210,007
143,965
Marketing-related intangible assets
16,947
6,572
15,774
9,671
6,102
Contract-related intangible assets
559
478
Other intangible assets
343
14
329
249,696
140,064
109,632
226,602
154,128
72,473
Amortization expenses for intangible assets as disclosed in the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of income under amortization of acquired intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 were $27,987 and $28,799, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 were $9,358 and $8,974, respectively. Intangible assets recorded for the 2004 Reorganization include the incremental value of the minimum volume commitment from GE, entered into contemporaneously with the 2004 Reorganization, over the value of the pre-existing customer relationship with GE. The amortization of this intangible asset for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $771 and $723, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $245 and $223, respectively, and has been reported as a reduction of revenue, consistent with the guidance in EITF 01-9, Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendors Products). As of September 30, 2008, the unamortized value of the intangible asset was $1,354, which will be amortized in future periods and reported as a reduction of revenue.
Contingent Consideration
The terms of the acquisition agreement for E-Transparent B.V. and related entities (ICE) dated March 1, 2007 provided for the payment of contingent consideration in 2009 to the former shareholders of ICE, if certain profitability targets were met. As a result of achieving these profitability targets, in May 2008 the Company entered into an agreement with the former shareholders of ICE providing that additional purchase consideration of $23,539 would be paid unconditionally on February 16, 2009. The Company has followed the consensus reached in EITF 95-8, Accounting for Contingent Consideration Paid to Shareholders of an Acquired Enterprise in a Purchase Business Combination, and recorded the payable of $21,140 with an offset to goodwill in the second quarter of 2008.
9. Loans held for sale
Loans held for sale were $2,408 and $2,408, and provision against loans held for sale was $665 and $1,187, resulting in net loans held for sale balances of $1,743 and $1,221 as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively. Additionally, the Company has reserved $925 and $945 as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively, for estimated losses on loans sold during the previous year.
10. Employee benefit plans
The Company has employee benefit plans in the form of certain statutory and other schemes covering its employees.
Defined benefit plans
In accordance with Indian law, the Company provides a defined benefit retirement plan (the Gratuity Plan) covering substantially all of its Indian employees.
Net Gratuity Plan costs for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 include the following components:
Service costs
398
1,020
1,248
Interest costs
90
158
266
496
Amortization of actuarial loss
70
117
207
365
Expected return on plan assets
(74
(87
(220
(272
Net Gratuity Plan costs
429
586
1,273
1,837
Defined contribution plans
During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, the Company contributed the following amounts to defined contribution plans in various jurisdictions:
India
2,191
5,558
6,451
US
254
384
897
1,165
UK
176
151
639
509
Hungary
25
80
China
923
1,682
2,384
4,356
Mexico
20
22
64
82
3,439
4,455
9,555
11. Share-based compensation
The Company has issued options under the Genpact Global Holdings 2005 Plan, Genpact Global Holdings 2006 Plan, Genpact Global Holdings 2007 Plan and Genpact Limited 2007 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the 2007 Omnibus Plan) to eligible persons who are employees, directors and certain other persons associated with the Company.
From the date of adoption of the 2007 Omnibus Plan on July 13, 2007, the options forfeited, expired, terminated, or cancelled under any of the plans will be added to the number of shares otherwise available for grant under the 2007 Omnibus Plan.
The share-based compensation costs relating to the above plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, was $8,909 and $12,643, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $3,678 and $4,334, respectively, have been allocated to cost of revenue and selling, general, and administrative expenses.
There are no significant changes to assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
A summary of the options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 is set out below:
Nine months ended September 30, 2008
Shares arisingout of options
Weightedaverageexercise price
Weighted averageremainingcontractual life(years)
Aggregateintrinsic value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2008
23,583,632
9.33
8.5
Granted
1,760,000
14.98
Forfeited
(1,540,681
12.48
Expired
(13,057
6.35
Exercised
(2,427,024
4.31
14,771
Outstanding as of September 30, 2008
21,362,870
10.14
7.9
60,885
Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2008 and expected to vest thereafter (a)
18,367,737
9.69
79,243
Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2008
5,578,071
4.78
7.0
32,875
Weighted average grant date fair value of grants during the period
6.39
(a) Options expected to vest reflect an estimated forfeiture rate.
Effective April 1, 2007, an amendment was made to the Indian Income Tax Act to subject specified securities allotted or transferred by an employer to its employees resident in India to fringe benefit tax, or FBT. When an employee covered under the Indian Income Tax Act exercises a stock option, the shares issued, or allocated and transferred, by the Company to such employee attract FBT. The employer liability for FBT arises and is expensed by the Company at the time of such employees exercise of the stock option.
The employer may collect the FBT payable by it in connection with a stock option exercise from the employee exercising the stock option, which the Company currently does. As the amount collected from the employee reduces the employees ultimate benefit from such stock option exercise, it is treated similarly to a reset of the terms of the stock option and deemed to increase the exercise price payable by the employee. The FBT recovery by the Company from an employee is recorded as additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet.
The weighted average exercise price set forth in the table above is based on the contractual exercise price of the stock option and is not affected by the deemed increase in the exercise price resulting from recovery of FBT. However, the weighted average grant date fair value of grants during the period set forth in the table above does reflect such deemed increase in the exercise price.
15
11. Share-based compensation (continued)
Share Issuances Subject to Restrictions
In connection with the acquisition of Axis Risk Consulting Services Private Limited in 2007, 143,453 common shares were issued to selling shareholders. Of the common shares that were issued, 94,610 common shares were issued to selling shareholders who became employees of the Company and are subject to restrictions on transfer linked to continued employment with the Company for a specified period. In accordance with EITF 95-8, Accounting for Contingent Consideration Paid to the Shareholders of an Acquired Enterprise in Purchase Business Combinations, the Company has accounted for such shares as compensation for services.
A summary of such shares granted that are subject to restrictions and accounted for as compensation for services, or restricted shares, during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 is set out below:
Number of Restricted Shares
Weighted Average Grant DateFair Value
Outstanding as at January 1, 2008
94,610
14.04
Vested and allotted
(23,651
Outstanding as at September 30, 2008
70,959
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)
On May 1, 2008, the Company adopted the Genpact Limited U.S. Employee Stock Purchase Plan and the Genpact Limited International Employee Stock Purchase Plan (together, the ESPP). The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase the Companys common shares through payroll deductions at 95% of the fair value per share on the last business day of each purchase interval. The dollar amount of common shares purchased under the ESPP shall not exceed the greater of 15% of the participating employees base salary or $25 per calendar year. The initial offering period shall commence on October 1, 2008 and shall terminate on the last business day in February 2009. Subsequent offering periods would commence on the first business day in March and September each year, and end on the last business day in August and February each year. 4,200,000 common shares have been reserved for issuance in the aggregate over the term of the ESPP.
12. Earnings (loss) per share
The Company calculates earnings (loss) per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share. Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share give effect to the change in the common shares of the Company resulting from the 2007 Reorganization and are therefore based on the retrospective adjustment to the common stock of GGH outstanding prior to the date of the 2007 Reorganization. The exchange of GGL preferred stock for common shares of Genpact Limited was accounted for as a conversion of such preferred stock. Such conversion has been given effect after the 2007 Reorganization. In the 2007 Reorganization, shareholders of GGH exchanged their common stock of GGH for common shares of Genpact Limited, and the shareholders of GGL exchanged their preferred and common stock of GGL for common shares of Genpact Limited. The GGL preferred stock was entitled to cumulative dividends that were not paid in cash and were accrued and added to the accreted value prior to the date of the 2007 Reorganization.
The calculation of earnings (loss) per common share was determined by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the respective periods. Since the preferred stock was participative in nature, profits of the Company before the 2007 Reorganization continued to be apportioned towards the preferred stockholders in accordance with their entitlement to participate in the undistributed profits. The potentially dilutive shares, consisting of such preferred shares as well as outstanding options on common shares, have been included in the computation of diluted net earnings (loss) per share and the weighted average shares outstanding, except where the result would be anti-dilutive.
12. Earnings (loss) per share (continued)
Net income as reported
Less : preferred dividend
527
7,643
Less : undistributed earnings to preferred stock
1,119
3,207
Less : beneficial interest on conversion of preferred stock dividend
1,941
28,289
Weighted average number of common shares used in computing basic earnings (loss) per common share
Dilutive effect of stock options
8,859,073
5,168,518
5,423,857
Weighted average number of common shares used in computing dilutive earnings (loss) per common share
13. Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue consists of the following:
Personnel expenses
78,223
97,403
211,694
280,102
Operational expenses
35,341
48,534
113,538
137,528
9,099
9,828
26,999
31,308
14. Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of the following:
35,787
46,845
105,624
128,322
20,999
21,616
48,189
63,166
2,250
2,714
5,898
8,455
15. Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net consists of the following:
Interest income
1,795
4,615
2,149
13,054
Interest expense
(2,845
(2,182
(10,967
(6,490
Gain (loss) on interest rate swaps
(189
(283
Other income
620
830
1,031
2,003
16. Income taxes
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No, 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, as interpreted by FIN 18, Accounting for Income Taxes in Interim Periods, the effective tax rate reflects the partial expiry of the tax holiday applicable to one of the Companys Indian subsidiaries on March 31, 2008.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company reassessed the need for a valuation allowance in respect of the deferred tax assets existing at the end of December 2007 and recorded a net valuation allowance of approximately $1,099.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability on unrealized gains on certain effective hedges through consolidated statement of income as a result of the change in tax status of one of its subsidiaries in the U.S. The Company recognized a reversal of deferred tax liability amounting to $6,712 for hedges that have been identified as maturing in the period ended September 30, 2008.
As of December 31, 2007, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits amounting to $11,898 including an amount of $5,564 that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company reassessed its uncertain tax positions outstanding on December 31, 2007 based on certain favorable rulings obtained from the taxing authorities in India and accordingly has recognized a tax benefit on these tax positions amounting to $5,423, including interest. Of that amount, $2,761 has been recorded in the income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The remaining amount of $2,662 pertains to the tax positions prior to the 2004 Reorganizations which are indemnified by GE and hence do not affect the income tax expense (benefit) of the Company. The Company does not anticipate further significant changes to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the current financial year.
The following table summarizes the activities related to our unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions from January 1, 2008 to September 30, 2008:
Balance at January 1, 2008
11,898
Increase related to prior year tax positions
1,152
Decrease related to prior year tax positions
(5,067
(784
Balance at September 30, 2008
7,197
The unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2008 include an amount of $3,401 that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, the Company has accrued approximately $2,081 and $1,972, respectively, in interest relating to unrecognized tax benefits.
18
16. Income taxes (continued)
With limited exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax audits by taxing authorities for years prior to 2005. During the first quarter of 2008, the audit of one of the Companys subsidiaries in Hungary was completed through 2006 without significant impact, and the Companys subsidiaries in India and China are open to examination by the taxing authorities for fiscal tax years beginning on April 1, 2004, and 2000 respectively. The Company regularly reviews the likelihood of additional tax assessments and adjusts its reserves as additional information or events require.
17. Related party transactions
The Company has entered into related party transactions with GE, a significant shareholder, and companies in which GE has a majority ownership interest or on which it exercises significant influence (collectively referred to as GE herein). The Company has also entered into related party transactions with its non-consolidating affiliates.
The related party expenses and income can be categorized as follows:
Revenue from services
Prior to December 31, 2004, substantially all of the revenues of the Company were derived from services provided to GE entities. In connection with the 2004 Reorganization, GE entered into a Master Service Agreement, or MSA, with the Company. The GE MSA, as amended, provides that GE will purchase services in an amount not less than a minimum volume commitment, or MVC, of $360,000 per year for seven years beginning January 1, 2005, $270,000 in 2012, $180,000 in 2013 and $90,000 in 2014. Revenues in excess of the MVC can be credited, subject to certain limitations, against shortfalls in the subsequent years.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, the Company recognized net revenues from GE of $368,214 and $363,678, respectively, representing 62% and 48%, respectively, of the consolidated total net revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, the Company recognized net revenues from its non-consolidating affiliate of $0 and $177, respectively.
For the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, the Company recognized net revenues from GE of $122,981 and $123,504, respectively, representing 57% and 46%, respectively, of the consolidated total net revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, the Company recognized net revenues from its non-consolidating affiliate of $0 and $0, respectively.
Cost of revenue from services
The Company purchases certain services from GE mainly relating to communication and leased assets, which are included as part of operational expenses included in cost of revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, cost of revenue included amounts of $4,481 and $1,372, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, cost of revenue included amounts of $1,186 and $(1,621), respectively, relating to services procured from GE.
The Company purchases certain services from GE mainly relating to communication and leased assets, which are included as part of operational expenses included in selling, general and administrative expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, selling, general and administrative expenses included amounts of $465 and $342, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, selling, general and administrative expenses included amounts of $24 and $(11), respectively, relating to services procured from GE. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, selling, general, and administrative expenses also include a cost credit of $77 and $83, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 include $8 and $19, respectively, in relation to cost recovery from its non-consolidating affiliates.
The Company provides certain shared services such as facility, recruitment, training, and communication to GE. Recovery for such services has been included as other operating income in the consolidated statements of income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, income from these services was $2,533 and $3,783, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, income from these services was $810 and $1,442, respectively.
19
17. Related party transactions (continued)
The Company earned interest income on short-term deposits placed with GE. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, interest income earned on these deposits was $577 and $1,679, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $407 and $298, respectively.
The Company incurred interest expense on finance lease obligations and external commercial borrowings from GE. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, interest expense relating to such related party debt amounted to $641 and $736, respectively, and for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 was $93 and $337, respectively.
Sale of assets
During the second quarter of 2008, the Company sold a software asset for $1,200 to GE.
During the nine months and three months ended September 30, 2008, the Company has made an investment of $860 and $0, respectively, in its non-consolidating affiliate.
Purchase of property, plant and equipment under purchase acquisition
On August 14, 2008, the Company and its subsidiary, Genpact Luxembourg S.à.r.l., purchased all the issued and outstanding shares of each of two Guatemalan entities, GE Money Administraciones-Guatemala, S.A. and Servicios Internacionales De Atencion Al Cliente, S.A from affiliates of GE for a cash purchase price of $7,015. The acquisition has been treated as a purchase of net assets and not a business combination under SFAS. No.141 as the acquired entities did not fall under the definition of business as established in EITF No. 98-3, Determining Whether a Nonmonetary Transaction Involves Receipt of Productive Assets or of a Business.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and with the information under the heading Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in or implied by any of the forward looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to those listed below and under Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
We have made statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the Quarterly Report) in, among other sections, this Part 1 Item 2Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation, that are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking terms such as expect , anticipate , intend , plan, believe , seek , estimate , could , may , shall , will , would and variations of such words and similar expressions, or the negative of such words or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance, which in some cases may be based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the numerous risks outlined in Part I, Item 1ARisk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. These forward looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to:
·
our ability to retain existing clients and contracts;
our ability to win new clients and engagements;
the expected value of the statements of work under our master service agreements;
our beliefs about future trends in our market;
expected spending on business process services by clients, particularly clients in the financial services business;
political or economic instability in countries where we have operations;
worldwide political, economic or business conditions;
political, economic or business conditions where our clients operate;
foreign currency exchange rates;
our rate of employee attrition;
our effective tax rate;
competition in our industry;
our limited operating history and our ability to grow our business and effectively manage growth and international operations while maintaining effective internal controls;
our relative dependence on GE;
our ability to hire and retain enough qualified employees to support our operations;
our dependence on favorable tax legislation and tax policies that may be amended in a manner adverse to us or be unavailable to us in future;
increases in wages in locations in which we have operations;
restrictions on visas for our employees traveling to North America and Europe;
our ability to maintain pricing and asset utilization rates;
fluctuations in exchange rates between U.S. dollars, euros, U.K. pounds sterling, Chinese renminbi, Hungarian forint, Japanese yen, Indian rupees, Australian dollars, Philippines Peso, Guatemala quetzal and Romanian leu;
our ability to retain senior management;
our dependence on revenues derived from clients in the United States;
the selling cycle for our client relationships;
our ability to attract and retain clients and our ability to develop and maintain client relationships based on attractive terms;
legislation in the United States or elsewhere that adversely affects the performance of business process services offshore;
increasing competition in our industry;
telecommunications or technology disruptions or breaches, or natural or other disasters;
our ability to protect our intellectual property and the intellectual property of others;
regulatory, legislative and judicial developments, including the withdrawal of governmental fiscal incentives;
the international nature of our business;
technological innovation;
unionization of any of our employees; and
our ability to successfully consummate or integrate strategic acquisitions.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Achievement of future results is subject to risks, uncertainties and potentially inaccurate assumptions. Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could differ materially from past results and those anticipated, estimated or projected. You should bear this in mind as you consider forward looking statements. We are under no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this filing to conform our prior statements to actual results or revised expectations. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K reports filed with the SEC.
Overview
We are a leader in the globalization of services and technology and a pioneer in managing business processes for companies around the world. We began in 1997 as the India-based captive business process services operation for GE Capital, GEs financial services business. As the value of offshore outsourcing was demonstrated to the management of GE, it became a widespread practice at GE and our business grew in size and scope. We took on a wide range of complex and critical processes and we became a significant provider to many of GEs businesses, including Consumer Finance (GE Money), Commercial Finance, Insurance, Healthcare, Industrial, NBC Universal and GEs corporate offices.
Prior to December 30, 2004, the business of the Company was conducted through various entities and divisions of GE. On December 30, 2004, in a series of transactions we refer to as the 2004 Reorganization, GE reorganized these operations by placing them all under Genpact Global Holdings, a newly formed Luxembourg entity, and subsequently an affiliate of GE sold an indirect 60% interest in that entity to General Atlantic and Oak Hill. Since the 2004 Reorganization, affiliates of GE have sold a portion of its equity in us pursuant to several separate transactions. As of September 30, 2008, GE (through its affiliates) owned approximately 18.6% of our outstanding equity.
Following the 2004 Reorganization, we began operating as an independent company. We separated ourselves operationally from GE and began building the capabilities necessary to be successful as an independent company. Among other things, we expanded our management infrastructure and business development capabilities so that we could secure business from clients other than GE, which we refer to as Global Clients. We substantially expanded administrative functions for which we had previously relied primarily on GE, such as finance, legal, accounting and human resources. We created separate employee benefit and retirement plans, developed our own leadership training capability and enhanced our management information systems. We began actively pursuing business from Global Clients as of January 1, 2005.
On July 13, 2007, prior to the commencement of our initial public offering, we completed a series of transactions we refer to as the 2007 Reorganization. See the 2007 Reorganization below. In August 2007, we completed an initial public offering of our common shares, pursuant to which the Company and our selling shareholders sold 22,941,177 and 17,647,059 common shares, respectively, at a price of $14 per share. The offering resulted in gross proceeds of $568.2 million and net proceeds to the Company and the selling shareholders of approximately $303.5 million and $233.5 million, respectively, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions. Additionally, we incurred offering-related expenses of approximately $9.0 million.
The 2004 Reorganization
As noted above, the 2004 Reorganization was consummated on December 30, 2004, pursuant to which we became an independent company. The 2004 Reorganization has been accounted for under the purchase method under SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations, which resulted in a new basis of accounting. The total purchase consideration was $780 million. The allocation of the total consideration to the fair values of the net assets acquired resulted in goodwill of $485.2 million and intangible assets of $223.5 million. The intangible assets are being amortized over periods ranging from 1 to 10 years. As a result, for periods after December 31, 2004, we have had, and will continue to have, significant non-cash charges related to the amortization of such intangible assets. See notes 1 and 8 to our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
The 2007 Reorganization
Genpact Limited was incorporated in Bermuda on March 29, 2007 as a subsidiary of Genpact Global Holdings Sicar S.à.r.l., or GGH, with the intent of making it the new holding company of our business. On July 13, 2007, Genpact Limited effectuated a transaction that resulted in the shareholders of GGH exchanging their common shares in GGH for common shares of Genpact Limited, and the shareholders of Genpact Global (Lux) S.à.r.l., or GGL, exchanging their preferred and common shares in GGL for common shares of Genpact Limited. As a result, Genpact Limited became the owner of all the capital stock of GGL and GGH.
Pursuant to the above transaction, the ownership interests of the shareholders of GGH, including the minority shareholders, were exchanged for shares of Genpact Limited irrespective of whether such shareholders owned equity directly in GGH or indirectly through GGL. Such shareholders acquired the same proportionate economic interest in Genpact Limited as they had in GGH immediately prior to the 2007 Reorganization.
The above legal reorganization of GGH and GGL into the Company has been accounted for as a transfer of net assets or exchange of equity interests between entities under common control. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities transferred are recorded at their carrying value in a manner similar to as-if pooling of interest accounting. Since the accounts of these entities were stated at their historical amounts for all periods presented, no adjustments were required for purposes of restating the financial statements on a consolidated basis for the current and the prior periods.
As part of the 2007 Reorganization, GGH became a Bermuda company and its name changed to Genpact Global Holdings (Bermuda) Limited. In addition, GGL also became a Bermuda company, in accordance with the laws of Bermuda and Luxembourg and its name changed to Genpact Global (Bermuda) Limited.
The effect of the exchange of common shares of the Company in the 2007 Reorganization with the common shares of GGH has been retrospectively applied to stockholders equity and per share amounts in the consolidated financial statements. This retrospective application had no material effect on other amounts. The effect of the exchange of preferred shares in the 2007 Reorganization has been applied to stockholders equity and per share amounts in the consolidated financial statements from the effective date of the 2007 Reorganization.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
For a description of our critical accounting policies, see Note 2-Summary of significant accounting policies under Item 1-Financial Statements above and Part-II Item-7-Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Reclassification
In order to more clearly reflect our costs, including the impact of our long-term foreign exchange hedging strategy, we have reclassified our foreign exchange gains or losses from a separate line item above income from operations to the underlying hedged items, namely, selling, general and administrative expenses, cost of revenue or net revenues, as applicable. The residual foreign exchange gains or losses, primarily relating to the re-measurement of foreign currency assets or liabilities, mainly accounts receivable, and the ineffective portion of foreign exchange gains or losses, if any, are now reclassified on the income statement below income from operations as foreign exchange (gains) losses, net. This reclassification does not affect net income or earnings per share. Our financial statements for the periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2008 reflect such reclassification.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain data from our income statement in absolute amounts and as a percentage of net revenues for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008.
Three months Ended September 30,
Nine months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions)
Net revenuesGE
122.9
57.2
%
123.5
45.6
367.9
62.2
363.7
47.9
Net revenuesGlobal Clients
91.8
42.7
147.3
54.4
222.3
37.6
395.3
52.1
0.1
0.0
1.5
0.3
214.8
100.0
270.8
591.6
759.0
122.7
57.1
155.8
57.5
352.2
59.5
448.9
59.1
92.1
42.9
115.0
42.5
239.4
40.5
310.1
40.9
Operating expenses
59.0
27.5
71.2
26.3
159.7
27.0
199.9
9.4
4.4
9.0
3.3
28.0
4.7
28.8
3.8
Other operating income
(0.8
0.4
(1.4
0.5
(2.5
(1.5
0.2
24.5
11.4
36.3
13.4
54.2
9.2
82.8
10.9
(1.0
(1.6
0.6
(7.4
1.0
(0.6
1.2
(7.7
1.3
8.3
1.1
Income before share of equity in earnings/loss of affiliate, minority interest and income tax expense
24.9
11.6
41.1
15.2
48.0
8.1
98.5
13.0
(0.0
2.1
1.9
0.7
5.8
7.8
Income tax expense
6.5
3.0
5.7
16.8
2.8
12.2
1.6
16.3
7.6
33.6
12.4
25.3
4.3
78.1
10.3
Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
Net revenues. Our net revenues increased by $56.0 million, or 26.1%, in the third quarter of 2008 compared to the third quarter of 2007. We continue to grow our net revenues primarily through relationships with existing clients. In addition, our net revenue per employee increased due to a higher volume of more expensive service offerings including re-engineering and increased price. Our revenue per employee increased from $28.1 thousand per employee in the third quarter of 2007 to $31.3 thousand in the third quarter of 2008.
We delivered 7% of our net revenues from our European Delivery Centers (other than ICE) in the third quarter of 2008 up from 6% in the third quarter of 2007. This represented an increase of 47% compared to the third quarter of 2007. Our revenue per employee is significantly higher from services delivered out of our European Delivery Centers.
Net revenues from GE increased by $0.5 million, or 0.4%. As described under Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation Overview Classification of Certain Net Revenues in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, certain businesses in which GE ceased to be a 20% shareholder in 2007 were classified as GE net revenues for part of the year until the divesture by GE and as Global Clients net revenues after the divesture by GE. GE revenues for the third quarter of 2008 grew by 5.8% over the third quarter of 2007 after the adjustments for such dispositions by GE. GE net revenues declined as a percentage of our total net revenues from 57.3% in the third quarter of 2007 to 45.6% in the third quarter of 2008, due to growth in revenues from our Global Clients.
Net revenues from Global Clients increased by $55.6 million, or 60.6%. This increase resulted from revenues from several clients with which we entered into master service agreements, or MSAs, in 2005, 2006 and 2007. A portion of the increase in net revenues from Global Clients was also related to GE ceasing to be a 20% shareholder in certain businesses and the reclassification of related net revenues as described above. As a percentage of total net revenues, net revenues from Global Clients increased from 42.7% in the third quarter of 2007 to 54.4% in the third quarter of 2008. Excluding revenues from businesses divested by GE in 2007, Global Client revenues increased organically by approximately 61.1%.
Revenues from business process services increased to 81% of total net revenues in the third quarter of 2008 from 74% in the third quarter of 2007. Our business process services business grew 37% to $219 million in the third quarter of 2008 primarily due to high growth with several existing clients. Revenues from our information technology business declined to 19% of total net revenues in the third quarter of 2008 from 26% in the third quarter of 2007 due to a general slowdown in the information technology sector.
Cost of revenue. The following table sets forth the components of our cost of revenue in absolute amounts and as a percentage of net revenues:
Three Months Ended September 30,
78.2
36.4
97.4
36.0
35.3
16.5
48.5
17.9
9.1
4.2
9.8
3.6
Cost of revenue increased by $33.1 million, or 27.0%. This increase reflected the general growth of our business. As a percentage of net revenues, cost of revenue increased from 57.1% in the third quarter of 2007 to 57.5% in the third quarter of 2008. This increase was primarily due to the increase of the operational expenses partially off-set by internal efficiencies.
The largest component of the increase in cost of revenue was personnel expenses, which increased by $19.2 million, or 24.5%. This increase in absolute amount was primarily due to the hiring of new resources to manage growth. We added approximately 4,800 employees during the twelve months ended September 30, 2008, the majority of whom are directly working for our clients and generating revenue. The increase also reflects overall wage inflation. Personnel expenses as a percentage of net revenues marginally decreased from 36.4% in the third quarter of 2007 to 36.0% in the third quarter of 2008.
Operational expenses increased by $13.2 million, or 37.3%. The increase was largely due to the addition of new Delivery Centers and the expansion of existing Delivery Centers over the last twelve months in India (Kolkata, Gurgaon, Hyderabad and Mumbai), Poland, Romania, China and the Philippines to support the growth in the business including acquisition of a Delivery Center in Guatemala from GE in the third quarter of 2008. GE uses a portion of the Guatemala Delivery Center for certain of its support functions it manages and operates with its own employees. The income from such services is recorded in other operating income. In addition, we
received a subsidy from the Hungarian government in the third quarter of 2007 which reduced operational expenses. As a percentage of net revenues, operational expenses increased from 16.5% in the third quarter of 2007 to 17.9% in the third quarter of 2008. Depreciation and amortization expenses as a component of cost of revenue increased by $0.7 million to $9.8 million in the third quarter of 2008 primarily due to the opening of new Delivery Centers in the fourth quarter of 2007 and the first nine months of 2008.
As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit increased by $22.9 million, or 24.9% and our gross margin slightly decreased from 42.9% in the third quarter of 2007 to 42.5% in the third quarter of 2008.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. The following table sets forth the components of our selling, general and administrative expenses in absolute amounts and as a percentage of net revenues:
35.8
16.7
46.8
17.3
21.0
21.6
8.0
2.3
2.7
Selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A expenses, increased by $12.1 million, or 20.6%. This increase reflects general growth in our business. As a percentage of net revenues, SG&A expenses decreased from 27.5% in the third quarter of 2007 to 26.3% in the third quarter of 2008. This was primarily due to a decrease in operational expenses.
Personnel expenses increased by $11.1 million, or 30.9%, reflecting the general growth in our business. As a percentage of net revenues, personnel expenses increased from 16.7% in the third quarter of 2007 to 17.3% in the third quarter of 2008 due to a higher charge of $4.3 million in the third quarter of 2008 compared to $3.7 million in the third quarter of 2007 for share based compensation. In addition, there was a charge of $1.1 million in the third quarter of 2008 for Indian fringe benefit tax on share based compensation, which has generally been recovered from employees and accounted for under shareholders equity. The increase in personnel expenses reflects an increase in the number of higher cost senior employees in certain of our internal functions as well as general wage inflation.
The operational expenses component of SG&A expenses increased by $0.6 million, or 2.9%. This increase is attributable primarily to general growth in our business partially off-set by a one-time increase in operational expenses in the third quarter of 2007 due to a $1.6 million reserve that was established for loans subject to repurchase in Genpact Mortgage Services. As a percentage of net revenues, such costs decreased from 9.8% in the third quarter of 2007 to 8.0% in the third quarter of 2008 primarily due to more efficient use of employees in internal support functions such as finance, legal and human resources.
Depreciation and amortization expenses as a component of SG&A expenses increased by $0.5 million to $2.7 million in the third quarter of 2008. This increase in depreciation and amortization expenses reflects the general growth of the business.
Amortization of acquired intangibles. In the third quarter of 2007 and 2008, we continued to incur significant non-cash charges of $9.4 million and $9.0 million, respectively, consisting primarily of the amortization of acquired intangibles resulting from the 2004 Reorganization.
Other operating (income) expense, net. Other operating income, consisting primarily of income from shared services from GE for the use of our Delivery Centers and certain support functions that they manage and operate with their own employees, increased to $1.4 million in the third quarter of 2008 compared to $0.8 million in the third quarter of 2007 primarily due to addition of a new Delivery Center in Guatemala and expansion in the Philippines. We do not recognize this income as net revenues because it is not currently one of the primary service offerings; however, our costs are included in cost of revenue and SG&A.
Income from operations. Primarily due to the decrease in SG&A expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles as a percentage of net revenue, income from operations increased by $11.8 million to $36.3 million. As a percentage of net revenues, income from operations increased from 11.4% in the third quarter of 2007 to 13.4% in the third quarter of 2008.
Foreign exchange (gains) losses, net. We recorded a foreign exchange gain of $1.6 million for the third quarter of 2008 compared to a gain of $1.0 million in the third quarter of 2007. This gain primarily relates to the re-measurement of our non-functional currency assets and liabilities resulting from movements in the Indian rupee and US dollar exchange rates in the third quarter of 2008.
26
Other income (expense), net. We recorded other income, net of interest expense, of $3.3 million in the third quarter of 2008 compared to a net expense of $0.6 million in the third quarter of 2007. The change was driven by higher interest income of $2.8 million primarily relating to deposits made from the proceeds of our initial public offering and a decrease in interest expense by $0.7 million primarily due to repayment of a short-term loan in the third quarter of 2007 and repayment of a portion of a long-term loan during the fourth quarter of 2007 and the nine months ended September 30, 2008. In addition, the weighted average rate of interest with respect to outstanding long-term loans under the credit facility was reduced from 6.3% in the third quarter of 2007 to 3.5% in the third quarter of 2008.
Income before share of equity in loss of affiliate, minority interest and income taxes. As a result of the foregoing factors, income before income taxes increased by $16.2 million or from 11.6% of net revenues in the third quarter of 2007 to 15.2% of net revenues in the third quarter of 2008.
Equity in (gain) loss of affiliate. This represents our share of (gain) loss from our non-consolidated affiliate, NGEN Media Services Private Limited, a joint venture with NDTV Networks Plc.
Minority interest. The minority interest is due to the acquisition of E-Transparent B.V. and certain related entities, or ICE, in 2007. It represents the apportionment of profits to the minority partners of ICE. The minority interest decreased from $2.1 million in the third quarter of 2007 to $1.9 million in the third quarter of 2008.
Income taxes. Our income tax expense decreased from $6.5 million in the third quarter of 2007 to $5.7 million for the third quarter of 2008. Our income tax expense included $4.1 million resulting from the application of a Hungarian statutory minimum tax to the operations of our Hungarian branch in the third quarter of 2007, which was not applicable in the third quarter of 2008. In addition to the above, this decrease was attributable to a $2.3 million benefit related to the maturing of certain hedges for which we had recorded a deferred tax liability at U.S. Federal and state tax rates pursuant to the restructuring of our legal entities as of October 1, 2007. These are offset by higher taxes resulting from higher profits including the partial expiration of our tax holiday in India as of March 31, 2008 and taxes on interest income in India.
Net income. As a result of the foregoing factors, net income increased by $17.3 million from $16.3 million in the third quarter of 2007 to $33.6 million in the third quarter of 2008. As a percentage of net revenues, our net income was 7.6% in the third quarter of 2007 and 12.4% in the third quarter of 2008.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
Net revenues. Our net revenues increased by $167.4 million, or 28.3%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. We continue to grow our net revenues primarily through relationships with existing clients. Net revenues also increased because of the acquisition of ICE in the first quarter of 2007 and Axis in the fourth quarter of 2007. In addition, our net revenue per employee increased to $30.3 thousand in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 up from $28.2 thousand in the year ended December 31, 2007 due to increased volumes of more expensive service offerings including re-engineering, increased price and favorable exchange rates for translating non-US dollar revenues to US dollars.
We delivered 7% of our net revenues from our European centers (other than ICE) up from 6% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. This represented an increase of 53% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. Our revenue per employee is significantly higher from services delivered out of our European Delivery Centers.
Revenues from business process services increased to 80% of total net revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from 75% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007. Our business process services business grew 36% to $603 million in the third quarter of 2008 primarily due to high growth with several existing clients. Revenues from our information technology business declined to 20% of total net revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to 25% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 due to a general slowdown in the information technology sector.
Net revenues from GE decreased by $4.5 million, or 1.2%. As described under Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation Overview Classification of Certain Net Revenues in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, certain businesses in which GE ceased to be a 20% shareholder in 2007 were classified as GE net revenues for part of the year until the divesture by GE and as Global Clients net revenues after the divesture by GE. GE revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 grew by 5.6% over the nine months ended September 30, 2007 after the adjustments for such dispositions by GE. GE net revenues declined as a percentage of our total net revenues from 62.2% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 47.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008, due to growth in revenues from our Global Clients.
Net revenues from Global Clients increased by $173.4 million, or 78.1%. This increase resulted from revenues from several new clients with which we entered into master service agreements, or MSAs, in 2005, 2006 and 2007. In addition, a portion of the overall
27
increase (approximately $12.0 million) was attributable to the inclusion of the results of ICE, which we acquired in March 2007 and Axis, which we acquired in December 2007. A portion of the increase in net revenues from Global Clients was also related to GE ceasing to be a 20% shareholder in certain businesses and the reclassification of related net revenues as described above. As a percentage of total net revenues, net revenues from Global Clients increased from 37.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 52.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. Excluding revenues from businesses divested by GE in 2007, Global Client revenues increased organically by approximately 71.5%.
Nine Months Ended September 30,
211.7
280.1
36.9
113.5
19.2
137.5
18.1
4.6
31.3
4.1
Cost of revenue increased by $96.7 million, or 27.5%. As a percentage of net revenues, cost of revenue decreased by 0.4%. The increase in the absolute amount is primarily due to the general growth of our business.
The largest component of the increase in cost of revenue was personnel expenses, which increased by $68.4 million, or 32.3%. Such increase reflected the general growth of our business. We added approximately 4,800 employees during the twelve months ended September 30, 2008, the majority of whom are directly working for our clients and generating revenue. The increase also reflects overall wage inflation. Personnel expenses as a percentage of net revenues increased from 35.8% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 36.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008, primarily due to growth in our European business, which has a higher compensation cost as a percentage of revenue compared to other regions.
Operational expenses increased by $24.0 million, or 21.1%. The increase was largely due to the addition of new Delivery Centers and the expansion of existing Delivery Centers over the last twelve months in India (Kolkata, Gurgaon, Hyderabad and Mumbai), Poland, Romania, China and the Philippines to support the growth in the business, including the acquisition of a Delivery Center in Guatemala from GE in the third quarter of 2008. In addition, the increase is attributable to the acquisition of ICE in the first quarter of 2007. However, as a percentage of net revenues, operational, expenses decreased from 19.2% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 18.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Depreciation and amortization expenses as a component of cost of revenue increased by $4.3 million to $31.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. This increase relates to a write-off in the first quarter of 2008 of certain software licenses amounting to $3.3 million that do not have any further useful life, which were subsequently disposed of in the second quarter of 2008, and to the general growth of our businesses. This increase was partially off-set by certain assets related to 2004 Reorganization being fully depreciated in 2007.
As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit increased by $70.7 million, or 29.5%, and our gross margin increased from 40.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 40.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
105.6
128.3
16.9
48.2
63.2
5.9
Selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A expenses, increased by $40.2 million, or 25.2%. This was primarily due to an increase in operational expenses and depreciation and amortization. This increase reflects general growth in our business. As a percentage of net revenues, SG&A expenses decreased from 27.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 26.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
28
Personnel expenses increased by $22.7 million, or 21.5%. This increase reflects the general growth in our business, higher share based compensation expenses and an increase in the number of higher cost senior employees in certain of our internal functions as well as general wage inflation. As a percentage of net revenues, personnel expenses decreased from 17.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 16.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 primarily due to increased internal efficiencies partially offset by a higher charge of $12.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $8.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 for share based compensation. In addition, there was a charge of $2.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 for the Indian fringe benefit tax on share based compensation, which has generally been recovered from employees and accounted for under shareholders equity.
The operational expenses component of SG&A expenses increased by $15.0 million, or 31.1%. As a percentage of net revenues, such costs increased from 8.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 8.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. In addition to the general growth in our business, the absolute increase reflected increases in facilities maintenance expenses and communications expenses to support growth, as well as expenses incurred in relation to our annual management and client conference. These increases also included certain professional fees and other expenses related to being a public company.
Depreciation and amortization expenses as a component of SG&A expenses increased by $2.6 million to $8.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. As a percentage of net revenues, depreciation and amortization expenses increased from 1.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 1.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. This increase in depreciation and amortization expenses reflects the general growth of our business.
Amortization of acquired intangibles. In 2008, we continued to incur significant non-cash charges consisting primarily of the amortization of acquired intangibles resulting from the 2004 Reorganization. Such charges increased marginally by $0.8 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, primarily due to changes in currency exchange rates.
Other operating (income) expense, net. Other operating income, which primarily consists of income from shared services from GE for the use of our Delivery Centers and certain support functions that they manage and operate with their own employees, decreased by $1.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. We do not recognize this income as net revenues because it is not currently one of the primary service offerings; however, our costs are included in cost of revenue and SG&A. Income from shared services increased by $1.3 million compared to the nine months ended September 2007 due to the acquisition of a Delivery Center in Guatemala from GE and expansion in the Philippines. This increase was off-set by one-time losses of $2.3 million incurred in connection with the sale of certain software licenses and the sale of a facility in Mexico in the second quarter of 2008.
Income from operations. Primarily due to decrease in SG&A expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles as a percentage of net revenue, income from operations increased by $28.6 million to $82.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. As a percentage of net revenues, income from operations increased from 9.2% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 10.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Foreign exchange (gains) losses, net. We recorded a foreign exchange gain of $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $1.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007. This gain primarily relates to the re-measurement of our non-functional currency assets and liabilities in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Other income (expense), net. We recorded other income, net of interest expense, of $8.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to a net expense of $7.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The change was driven by higher interest income of $10.9 million primarily relating to deposits made from the proceeds of our initial public offering and a decrease in interest expense by $3.8 million on short term loans and $0.7 million on long term loans. This decrease was primarily due to repayment of a short-term loan in the third quarter of 2007 and repayment of a portion of a long-term loan during the fourth quarter of 2007 and the nine months ended September 30, 2008. In addition, the weighted average rate of interest with respect to outstanding long-term loans under the credit facility was reduced from 6.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 4.2% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Income before share of equity in loss of affiliate, minority interest and income taxes. As a result of the foregoing factors, income before income taxes increased by $50.5 million or from 8.1% of net revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 13.0% of net revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Equity in loss of affiliate. This represents our share of loss from our non-consolidated affiliate, NGEN Media Services Private Limited, a joint venture with NDTV Networks Plc.
Minority interest. The minority interest is due to the acquisition of ICE in March 2007. It represents the apportionment of profits to the minority partners of ICE. Minority interest increased from $5.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $7.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
29
Income taxes. Our income tax expense decreased from $16.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $12.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. Our income tax expense included $10.1 million resulting from the application of a Hungarian statutory minimum tax to the operations of our Hungarian branch in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 which is not included in 2008. In addition to the above, this decrease was attributable to (i) a $2.7 million reversal of prior period tax provisions following a favorable ruling from tax authorities in India in the first quarter of 2008 and (ii) a $6.7 million benefit related to the maturing of certain hedges for which we had recorded a deferred tax liability at U.S. Federal and state tax rates pursuant to the restructuring of our legal entities as of October 1, 2007. These are offset by higher taxes resulting from higher profits including the partial expiration of our tax holiday in India as of March 31, 2008 and taxes on interest income in India.
Net income. As a result of the foregoing factors, net income increased by $52.9 million from $25.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $78.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. As a percentage of net revenues, our net income was 4.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 10.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Information about our financial position as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008 is presented below:
% Change
279.3
303.1
Long-term debt due within one year
20.9
17.1
Long-term debt other than the current portion
102.8
79.6
(22.6
1,250.7
942.7
(24.6
)%
Financial Condition
We finance our operations and our expansion with cash from operations and short-term borrowing facilities. We also incurred $180 million of long-term debt to finance in part the 2004 Reorganization.
Our shareholders equity decreased from $1,250.7 million as of December 31, 2007 to $942.7 million as of September 30, 2008. This primarily relates to a change in the balance sheet exposure on the outstanding derivative financial instruments from an asset of $150.4 million as of December 31, 2007 to a liability of $247.5 million as of September 30, 2008 resulting from the mark to market adjustment required due to depreciation of the Indian rupee and other currencies against the US dollar.
Under the terms of the acquisition agreement for ICE, we were obligated to pay contingent consideration in 2009 to the former shareholders of ICE if certain profitability targets were met. In May 2008, as a result of the profitability targets being achieved, we agreed with the sellers of ICE that additional consideration of euro 15.6 million (approximately $21.1 million) would be paid unconditionally on February 16, 2009.
We expect that in the future our cash from operations, cash reserves and debt capacity will be sufficient to finance our operations as well as our growth and expansion. Our working capital needs are primarily to finance our payroll expenses in advance of the receipt of accounts receivable. Our capital requirements include the opening of new Delivery Centers, as well as acquisitions.
Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in our consolidated statements of cash flows, are summarized in the following table:
Net cash provided by (used in)
80.2
128.0
(75.6
(37.7
193.6
(18.2
198.2
72.1
30
Cash flow from operating activities. Our net cash provided by operating activities increased by $47.7 million from $80.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to $128.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. This increase was due to an increase in our net income adjusted for amortization and depreciation and other non-cash items, which increased by $53.5 million. This increase was partially offset by an increase in working capital of $5.8 million primarily driven by increase in taxes paid in advance due to increased taxation in India.
Cash flow from investing activities. Our net cash used in investing activities was $37.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $75.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007. We invested $53.0 million in purchases of property, plant and equipment in connection with the opening of new Delivery Centers, including Guatemala and acquiring land, which is intended to be used for Special Economic Zone, or SEZ, qualifying operations in India, in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $42.8 million the nine months ended September 30, 2007. We paid $15.0 million as partial payment for the acquisition of ICE in March 2007, including acquisition-related expenses and net of cash acquired.
Cash flow from financing activities. Our net cash used by financing activities was $18.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to cash provided of $193.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007. We repaid $20.1 million of our long term debt as part of our scheduled repayments under our credit arrangement and paid the minority partners of ICE $8.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. In the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we received $13.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of common shares to employees to satisfy stock option exercises compared to $1.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007. In addition, we had received proceeds from the issuance of common shares in our initial public offering of $303.5 million partly used to repay our short term debt of $83.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007.
Financing Arrangements
Total debt excluding capital lease obligations was $104.1 million at September 30, 2008 compared to $123.7 million at December 31, 2007, which represented long-term debt primarily related to the 2004 Reorganization. The weighted average rate of interest with respect to outstanding long-term loans under the credit facility was 6.3% and 4.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
We finance our short-term working capital requirements through cash flow from operations and credit facilities from banks and financial institutions. As of September 30, 2008, short-term credit facilities available to the Company aggregated $145 million, which are under the same agreement as our long-term debt facility. As of September 30, 2008, a total of $7.4 million was utilized, which represented unfunded draw down.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Our off-balance sheet arrangements consist of foreign exchange contracts and certain operating leases. For additional information, see the Risk Factor entitled Currency exchange rate fluctuations in various currencies in which we do business, especially the Indian rupee and the U.S. dollar, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, Contractual Obligations below and note 6 of our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth our total future contractual obligations as of September 30, 2008:
Less than 1 year
1-3 years
4-5 years
After 5 years
Long-term debt
104.1
Capital leases
Operating leases
34.2
54.8
45.1
134.1
Purchase obligations
5.0
Capital commitments net of advances
Other long-term liabilities (1)
110.0
178.6
3.4
5.5
297.5
Total contractual cash obligations
192.3
316.0
49.5
563.2
(1) Excludes $7.2 million towards uncertain tax positions calculated in accordance with FIN 48. For such amount, the extent of the amount and timing of payment or cash settlement is not reliably estimable or determinable, at present.
31
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS No. 157). SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for the measurement of fair value and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. The statement does not require any new fair value measures but its provisions apply when fair value measurements are performed as required or permitted under other accounting pronouncements. In February 2008, the FASB approved FASB Staff Position No.157-2, Effective Date of FASB statement No. 157, which grants a one-year deferral of SFAS No. 157s fair-value measurement requirements for non-financial assets and liabilities, except for items that are measured or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities recognized at fair value on a recurring basis. The partial adoption of SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities did not have a material impact on the Companys financial position and results of operations. See note 5 to our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for information and related disclosures regarding our fair value measurements.
We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. These mainly include derivative instruments and loans held for sale. The derivative instruments primarily consist of forward contracts taken to mitigate the risk of foreign currency fluctuations on foreign currency assets and forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies.
The valuation techniques required by SFAS No. 157 are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:
Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3 - Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.
We maintain policies and procedures to value instruments using the best and most relevant data available. We have constituted a Foreign Exchange Committee which oversees and sets guidelines for our hedging strategy and execution. In addition, our treasury team reviews valuation, including independent price validation for certain instruments and validates the information from multiple independent sources including financial institutions.
The following section describes the valuation methodologies we use to measure different financial instruments at fair value:
Derivatives
We value our derivatives based on market observable inputs including both forward and spot prices for currencies. Derivative assets and liabilities included in Level 2 primarily represent foreign currency forward contracts. The quotes are taken from multiple independent sources including financial institutions.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans held for sale were $2.4 million as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008. We had provisions against loans held for sale of $0.7 million and $1.2 million, resulting in loans held for sale balances of $1.7 million and $1.2 million as of December 31, 2007 and September 30, 2008, respectively. Loans held for sale included in Level 3 primarily represent loans disbursed by the mortgage business we acquired in August 2006. Loans held for sale are valued using collateral values based on inputs from a single source where we are not able to corroborate the inputs and assumptions with other relevant market information.
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Recently issued accounting pronouncements
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
During the three months ended September 30, 2008, there were no material changes in our market risk exposure. For a discussion of our market risk associated with foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and credit risk, see Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Item 4T. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are the Companys controls and other procedures which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Companys management, including the Companys Chief Executive Officer and the Companys Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Companys disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) Rule 13a-15(b). Based upon that evaluation, the Companys Chief Executive Officer and the Companys Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Companys disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to the Company (including its consolidated subsidiaries) required to be included in the Companys periodic SEC filings.
There have been no changes in the Companys internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal controls over financial reporting.
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
There are no legal proceedings pending against us which are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We have disclosed under the heading Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 the risk factors which materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. You should carefully consider the Risk Factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and the other information set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should be aware that these risk factors and other information may not describe every risk facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds
On August 1, 2007, we commenced an initial public offering of our common shares, pursuant to which the Company and our selling shareholders sold 17,647,059 common shares at a price of $14 per share. On August 14, 2007, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase 5,294,118 additional common shares from the Company at the initial offering price of $14 per share to cover over-allotments. The sales were made pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-142875), which was declared effective by the SEC on August 1, 2007. The managing underwriters in the offering were Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. The underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us aggregated $9.0 million, resulting in net proceeds to us of $294.5 million. We did not receive any proceeds from common shares sold by the selling shareholders.
We used $98.1 million of the net proceeds from our initial public offering to repay revolving loan indebtedness outstanding under our credit facility. In addition, we used $25.0 million of the net proceeds from our initial public offering to partially repay long term indebtedness outstanding under our credit facility in accordance with the regular payment schedule for such indebtedness. The remaining proceeds are invested in short-term deposit accounts. There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) on August 2, 2007.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Item 5. Other Information
Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit Number
Description
3.1
Memorandum of Association of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 2 of the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-142875) filed with the SEC on July 16, 2007).
Bye-laws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Amendment No. 4 of the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-142875) filed with the SEC on August 1, 2007).
10.1
Share Purchase Agreement by and among the Registrant, Genpact Luxembourg S.à.r.l., General Electric Capital Corporation and GE Consumer Finance, Inc. dated as of August 14, 2008.*
10.2
Employment Agreement of Patrick Cogny dated October 21, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 24, 2008).
31.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
31.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
*Filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: November 12, 2008
By:
/s/ PRAMOD BHASIN
Pramod Bhasin
Chief Executive Officer
/s/ VIVEK GOUR
Vivek Gour
Chief Financial Officer